定语从句总复习导学案-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

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定语从句的定义与基本结构
定义：在复合句中修饰某名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词，如 that、which、wh、whm、whse、where、when 等。
1）关系词的作用：① 指代先行词；② 引导定语从句；③ 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。
2）关系词的分类：关系代词；关系副词
定于从句的用法
关系代词的用法
that：可指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；不可用于非限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略。
which：仅指代物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；可用于非限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略。
wh/whm：wh指代人，作主语；whm指代人，作宾语（可省略，非限制性从句中建议保留）。
whse：指代人或物的“……的”，在从句中作定语，可替换为“f which/whm”（物用f which，人用f whm）。
特殊情况:
1).只用that不用which的情况。
(1). 先行词是all、much、little、smething、 everything、 anything、 nthing、 nne 等不定代词时。
(2). 先行词被the nly、 any、 few、 n、 every 等修饰时。
(3). 先行词是形容词的最高级、序数词或被最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4). 先行词中既有人又有物时。
(5). 主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时（为了避免重复）。
(6). 先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
2).只用which不用that的情况。
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(3)先行词为that或whse时。
(4)which用作定语时。
He may be late, in which case we ught t wait fr him.
3）只用 wh 不用 that 的情况
1.当先行词是 ne, nes, anyne 或 thse 时。
2.there be 结构中。
3.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。
4.为了避免重复或引起歧义。
5.当先行词是 I, yu, he, they 等时（常用谚语中）。
4).the 表示相似或同类的东西。 the 表示同一人或物。
5).像……那样(从句缺少成分,为定语从句) 如此……以至于……(从句不缺成分,为状语从句)。
This is such an easy questin as I can answer.
This is such an easy questin that I can answer it.
6)as的用法
①可指代人、物或整个主句内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
As is knwn t all, practice makes perfect.
众所周知，熟能生巧。——as指代整个主句内容，作主语
②常与such, as, s, the same连用，构成固定句式：, , , the 。
③可置于句首、句中或句末（非限制性）；which不可置于句首。
As we expected, ur team wn the game.
正如我们预期的那样，我们队赢了比赛。——as置于句首
He was late again, as was ften the case.
他又迟到了，这是常有的事。——as置于句末
④表“正如、正像”，语义更贴合“众所周知、正如预期”等语境。
例句对比：She passed the exam, which surprised all f us.
她通过了考试，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。——which表“这一点”
As we expected, she passed the exam.
正如我们预期的那样，她通过了考试。——as表“正如”
常考：As we all knw，正如我们都知道的 As is knwn t all 正如我们都知道的
as is expected 不出所料 as is ften the case 这是经常发生的/这是常有的事
as is reprted正如报道的 As the saying ges, 俗话说
as yu can see正如你看到的
2.关系副词的用法
when：指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，可替换为“介词+which”（如in which, n which）。
where：指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可替换为“介词+which”（如in which, at which）。
why：仅指代原因，先行词多为reasn，在从句中作原因状语，可替换为fr which；作宾语时用that/which。
特殊用法;
一些名词是表示抽象的地点,其后面的定语从句如果缺少状语时,用where引导定语从句,这类名词有:family、 jb、 wrk、 situatin、 case、 cnditin、 pint、 stage、psitin等。
2)ccasin和interval后面的定语从句常用when引导。
3.介词+which/whm 引导的定语从句
先行词选择依据；
指人时，关系代词常用whm；
指物时，关系代词常用which；
先行词作定语，与空后的名词构成“……的”时，关系代词常用whse。
介词选择依据：
① 先行词的固定搭配（如key t, attentin t）；
② 从句中谓语动词的固定搭配（如listen t, depend n）；
③ 从句中形容词与介词的固定搭配（如be familiar with）；
④句子语义逻辑（表示所属关系/整体与部分关系/同位关系f which/whm）。
定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略）和非限制性定语从句（有逗号，可省略）。
非限制性定语从句的定义：对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后不影响主句意思的完整性，与主句之间用逗号隔开。
基本特征：
必用逗号分隔主句与从句；
不能用 that 引导；
与限制性定语从句的核心区别：限制性定语从句无逗号，去掉后主句意思不完整；非限制性定语从句有逗号，仅起补充说明作用。
与限制性定语从句有区别的地方：
非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。
非限制性定语从句所有关系代词均不可省略
非限制性定语从句关系代词不能用that
非限制性定语从句关系副词不用why，用fr which去替换。
非限制性定语从句关系代词不能用that/wh去替换whm
定语从句的主谓一致
1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
2.“ne f+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当 ne 前有 the, the nly, the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
真题巩固
2024-2025题组
1.（2025全国一卷）An exhibitin at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwrk inspired by G, r weiqi in Chinese, _________ riginated in China mre than 4,000 years ag.
2.（2025全国二卷）Yet nw, I live in the cuntryside f Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _________bamb and tea bushes (灌木) grw wild in the muntains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating desn’t exist.
3.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya is als lking beynd special-ccasin dresses t less frmal clthing, _________ she plans t package as capsule wardrbes and ffer t travellers, such as thse headed t weddings abrad, with a lnger-term rental perid.
4.（2025北京卷）Hwever, accrding t a reprt by the Wrld Wildlife Fund, turists left ver 1.3 billin tns f fd waste last year, _________accunted fr abut 8% f the ttal glbal gas release in 2024.
5.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute _________ brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
6.（2024全国甲卷）Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park - 2.2 millin acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, _________became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
7.（2024浙江1月卷）Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way _________ will make them the mst mney.
8.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia,” add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare’s hmetwn.
9. （2024北京卷）Tinniswd, _________ desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life. “If yu eat t much r d t much f anything, yu’re ging t suffer eventually,” he said.
2022-2023题组
10.（2023天津3月卷）Kenny still remembers the class discussin ________the teacher asked students t share what they wanted t be when they grew up.
11.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, _________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
12.（2023全国乙卷）But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
13.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, _________Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
14.（2023全国乙卷）The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman ________hair clr lked just perfect.
15.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ___________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
16.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
17.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
2020-2021题组
18.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned f a cmpany ___________used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
19.（2021北京卷）When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything ___________ happened during the day, trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
20.（2021天津卷）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm __________we can learn withut repeating them.
21.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ___________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
22.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
23.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum __________ pened in 1759.
24.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud.
25.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rwan, __________ secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
26.（2020全国I卷）Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
27.（2020江苏卷）If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll find prbably a slutin that ___________(suit) everyne.
28.（2020江苏卷）Many lessns are nw available nline, frm ___________students can chse fr free.
2025最新模拟题组
29． is demnstrated in the reprt, it is never t late t take effective measures.
30．He has met many applicants in the interview, mst f impressed him a lt with different qualities.
31．The first way in science is f value is familiar t everyne: scientific knwledge enables us t d and make all kinds f things.
32． can be seen frm the chart, the chices f schl clubs in ur schl vary frm persn t persn.
33．The Xinzhai village began t plant cffee trees in 1952, the Chinese peple were nt yet used t drinking cffee.
34．There were n trees grwing n Antarctica and n il s the nly fuel we culd use was animal fat.
35．Our class has many gd students, mst f will be surely admitted t key universities.
36．This is the third apple she has eaten in the afternn.
37．The system, can be the mst advanced in many ways, will be the largest earthquake bservatin netwrk in the wrld.
38．Peple can see the develpment f Chinese calligraphy, has becme an imprtant part f Chinese culture.
39．At present, the netwrk plays an imprtant rle in ur life, makes many peple ignre face-t-face cmmunicatin.
40．The vlunteers, whm the cmmunity has always been grateful, helped rebuild the park after the fld.
41．Zha Xintng, wn the Wrld Snker Champinship final, has made Chinese snker a breakthrugh.
42．Varius activities have been kicked ff in Tangshan, Hebei prvince, t prvide visitrs with exciting experiences and a festive atmsphere during the upcming Chinese New Year, falls n Jan 29.
43．The reasn he gave fr his being late was he gt up late.
44．In Prague, Wintn saw peple living in terrible cnditins and lives were in danger.
45．The 1990s were a decade technlgical advancements revlutinized the way peple cmmunicated.
46．The nly mystery remains unslved is hw the pyramids f Egypt were built with such precisin.
47．We were very impressed by the ld man, was nt willing t acknwledge defeat.
48．I met sme fruit-pickers n my way t a village, several f were university students.
49．The natinal park is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species live in it and imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
50．Mrs Black went back t the same place she had fund the ring.
51．The bk, cver is blue, was written by a famus authr.
52．These rms are equipped with mdern electrnic facilities, all f are linked t the Internet.
53．She has tw sns, bth f graduated frm Harvard University.
54．Mr. Li lst his wallet, made him feel dwn the whle day.
55． yu knw, I’m fnd f cllecting stamps very much.
56．The Internet gives me the chance t cmmunicate with native speakers, imprves my spken and written English.
57．Thanks t the idea and effrts f many peple, like the cycling fans and thse enabled the return f “white bikes”, yu can nw enjy easy transprt in central Amsterdam.
58．I can think f many cases in students knew quite a few English wrds and expressins but culdn’t write a gd essay.
59．The reasn he culd nt g t that famus university was that his grades was t lw.
60．I can remember very few ccasins he had t ask fr leave because f pr health.
61．The pr village she built a new schl had its pening ceremny yesterday.
62．He didn’t explain the reasn which he was late fr the meeting.
63．The Barkhr Street, all high tech has been used t create a gd atmsphere, is a ppular place fr lcals and nw fr turists.
64．It's very imprtant fr us British t be in Bath in this afternn, is the best and mst elegant afternn tea destinatin.
65．Shanxi Prvince, cntributed 27 ut f the game's 36 lcatins, has becme a ht destinatin.
66．It's said that the dances can bring gd luck and prsperity t thse __________ watch them and are an imprtant part f Chinese cultural heritage.
67．That’s the man withut help ur club wuldn’t have existed.
68．The schl has created an atmsphere we can develp ur wn interests freely, helping us develp urselves all rund.
69．The English language was settled by the 19th century tw big changes in English happened.
70．All happened during early years can influence children fr the rest f their lives.
71．The nly system will help yu remember what yu have heard at a lecture is keeping ntes.
72．At the request f sme English learners, he has published a lt f bks, ne f is abut English idims.
73．As a student f Senir Three, he has very little free time he can spend develping his wn interest.
74．There are many new teachers in ur schl nw, f many nce wrked in the western prvinces.
75． is knwn t everyne, playing cmputer games takes much time and energy.
76．The biggest reasn I cnsider Study Tur is the pprtunity t see the wrld.
77．Can yu think f ther cases human actins take the majr blame fr the eclgical imbalance?
78．Many cuntries are nw setting up natinal parks in animals and plants can be prtected.
79．I can't find the newspaper I read the news abut celebratin f the 70th anniversary f China.
80．There cmes a time intelligence plays an imprtant rle in prmtin. 年份
卷别
考点
考情分析
2025
新高考 I 卷
关系副词 where
【考向透视】
定语从句是近年高考英语的高频考点，几乎每年都会覆盖多个主流卷别；考查场景集中在阅读理解（帮助理清长句的修饰关系）、语法填空（填写关系代词 / 副词）、完形填空（理解从句对名词的限定作用）等题型中。
新高考 II 卷
that 引导限定性定语从句
浙江卷
whse 作定语
2024
新高考 II 卷
关系代词 wh
浙江卷
关系副词 when
全国甲卷
that 引导限定性定语从句
2023
全国乙卷
关系代词 whm
关系副词
先行词
从句成分
介词+关系代词
when
时间短语
时间状语
介词+which
where
地点短语
地点状语
介词+which
why
reasn
原因状语
fr+which