英语八年级下册（2024）Section A背景图ppt课件

这是一份英语八年级下册（2024）Section A背景图ppt课件，共43页。
Learning gals
区分动词不定式在句子中“宾语补足语”和“状语”这两种句法功能；理解动词不定式作“宾语补足语（补充说明宾语动作，常搭配感官/使役类动词）、作“状语”（多表目的等）的用法特点；准确判断具体句子里,加粗动词不定式对应的功能类型。
仔细观察这四个句子的结构，有什么相似之处呢？
Infinitive动词不定式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。本单元重点讲讲解动词不定式作宾语补足语和目的状语。
Infinitive 动词不定式
动词不定式通常由“t+动词原形”构成，其中t 是不定式符号，没有实际意义，有时可以不带t。动词不定式的否定形式是“nt t+动词原形”。
She asked me t plan a treasure hunt.她要我策划一个寻宝游戏。→She asked me nt t plan a treasure hunt.她要我不要策划一个寻宝游戏。
动词不定式作宾语补足语
常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有 tell，ask，want，teach，encurage，expect，wish，invite，wuld like等。
He tld us t have a rest. 他告诉我们休息一下。I expect yu t get ver these difficulties. 我期待你克服这些困难。
用于解释说明宾语的动作或状态，通常用于宾语后面，构成“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
（1）在使役动词 let，make，have之后作宾语补足语。
My parents let me watch cartns fr 20 minutes every night. 我父母允许我每晚看 20 分钟动画片。I made Alice change her mind. 我让爱丽丝改变了想法。My mther ften has me clean my bedrm n weekends. 我妈妈经常让我在周末打扫卧室。
（2）在感官动词（短语）feel，hear，listen t，see，watch，ntice，lk at 之后作宾语补足语。
I saw her leave half an hur ag. 半小时前我看见她离开了。She likes t listen t the birds sing in the mrning. 她喜欢早上听鸟儿唱歌。They are listening t the rain beating against the windw.他们正听着雨点敲打窗户的声音。
注意：d 强调动作的全过程或经常性 ding强调动作正在进行
（3）help 后的动词不定式可带 t，也可不带 t。
Please help me（t）put up a tent. 请帮助我搭帐篷。
The teacher helped us (t) finish the grup prject. 老师帮我们完成了小组课题。
动词不定式不带t的情况
动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时,通常放在句末，无需加逗号；也可放在句首，强调目的，需加逗号, 与后面的内容隔开
动词不定式分句具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
T keep healthy, yu shuld change yur eating habits. 为了保持健康，你应该改变饮食习惯。
I get up early t catch the first bus. 我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。
He stayed up late in rder t finish his hmewrk. 他熬夜是为了完成作业。
We shuld plant mre trees s as t prtect the envirnment.我们应该多植树来保护环境。
注：为了加强语气，可在不定式前加 in rder t 或 s as t，含义不变:in rder t：可放句首或句末s as t：只能放句末
I’m srry t hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。
常接在作表语的形容词后面。
（2）动词不定式作原因状语
She is t yung t g t schl. 她太小了，不能上学。
常接用在“t... t”结构中。
（3）动词不定式作结果状语
（1）动词不定式作主语
T becme an excellent pilt is my dream. 成为一名优秀的飞行员是我的梦想。
动词不定式作主语时，一般位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
It’s difficult fr me t play basketball. 对我来说，打篮球很难。
（2）动词不定式作宾语
She hpes t visit the Great Wall next year. 她希望明年去参观长城。We decided t have a picnic this weekend. 我们决定这个周末去野餐。
①常接动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）有 want，decide，hpe，agree，wish，learn，chse，begin，plan，expect，frget，wuld like 等。
I think it helpful t wrk ut every day. 我认为每天锻炼很有帮助。
②常用 it 作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。
（3）动词不定式作定语
Munt Huangshan is a gd place t have fun. 黄山是个好玩的地方。
动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
Her dream is t be a nurse. 她的梦想是当一名护士。
常位于系动词 be 后面。
What d yu d in yur free time?
I play the flute t relax.
Hw did yu spend yur weekend?
I went t the sprts centre t ice-skate.
Hw did yu get int painting?
I saw my mther paint. I decided t give it a g.
What did yur instructr say?
She tld me nt t give up s easily.
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bld functins as an bject cmplement r adverbial.
A: Thanks fr yur advice! It made me _________ (decide) t try skiing.B: Yu’re welcme. Try _________(frget) yur fears and have fun!A: My cusin ften asks me ________(fly) kites with her when it’s windy.B: That sunds fun! I’d lve t watch yu ________ (fly) kites smetime.
Cmplete the cnversatins with the crrectfrms f the verbs in brackets.
A: I lve t watch kung fu mvies _________(relax).B: Really? When I want __________(relax), I watch animal vides.A: My parents tld me ___________(nt push) myself t hard.B: Yes, it’s imprtant _____________(nt frget) t relax nce in a while.
Cmplete the passage with the infinitive frms f the verbs in the bx. What d yu usually d utdrs?
My twin brther and I lk alike, but we are s different. I lve sprt, and I ften meet my friends _______ftball and tennis. My brther jined us t play ftball nce r twice, but he decided _________ after that. He desn’t like sprt
very much! Instead, he likes __________at hme and ________ mvies, ________ t music, and chat with friends nline. Our parents were wrried abut him staying hme t much. They als wanted us _________ mre time tgether as a family. S, nw they let us __________ ur favurite activities n Saturdays, but n Sundays, we g n a family uting tgether!
两个开始更喜欢 (start/begin/prefer) 爱憎分明要继续， (lve/like/hate/cntinue) 后悔停止忘了记，(regret/stp/frget/remember) 努力尝试有打算。 (try/mean)
start/begin t dstart/begin ding sth
prefer t dprefer ding sth
like/lve t dlike/lve ding sth
hate t dhate ding sth
cntinue t dcntinue ding sth
regret t d sthregret ding sth
stp t d sthstp ding sth
eg: My grandfather regrets t visit Beijing.(遗憾没有去过。) I regret telling yu the news.(后悔告诉对方这个消息)
eg:I stp t sing .(还没开始唱。) The little baby stpped crying.(已经哭过了。)
1. Hw did yu get int painting? 你是怎么开始画画的?(教材P5 4a)
She gt int painting after taking a few art classes.在上过几节美术课后，她就开始接触绘画了。
He easily gt int the building thrugh the pen dr.他轻而易举地从开着的门进入了大楼。
get int 还可表示“处于(某种情形)；养成(某种习惯) ”。
Nbdy wants t get int truble.没有人想惹上麻烦。She gt int the habit f taking a nap at nn.她养成了中午休憩的习惯。
2. I saw my mther paint. I decided t give it a g (教材P5 4a)
此处 g 作名词，意为“尝试，一番努力”，give it a g 是英语中常用的口语表达，相当于 have a try。
give it a g 试一试某事
This maths prblem may be t hard，but let’s give it a g first.这道数学题也许太难，但我们先试一试吧。Let me have a g at riding yur new bike.让我试试骑你的新自行车。
3. It made me decide t try skiing. 它让我决定尝试滑雪。 （教材P5 4b）
辨析：try ding sth 与 try t d sth
try ding sth
try t d sth
Did yu ever try writing？ 你曾经尝试过写作吗？Dn’t wrry. I’ll try t deal with the prblem.不要担心。我将尽力处理这个问题。
4. I lve t watch yu fly kites smetime.有时间我想看你放风筝。（教材P5 4b）
watch sb d sth
watch sb ding sth
强调观看动作发生的全过程或观看的动作经常发生
强调观看的动作正在进行
I ften watch him ski. 我经常看他滑雪。I am watching him skiing. 不要担心。我正在看他滑雪。
辨析：watch sb d sth 与 watch sb ding sth
类似watch这种用法的动词，常见的还有see，hear，ntice等，其后都可以接d sth或ding sth作宾语补足语。
①督促，鞭策 push sb/neself t hard 把某人/自己逼得太紧 push sb t d sth 督促/鞭策某人做某事
push v. 督促；推
My parents push me t study harder befre the exam.我父母催促我考试前更努力学习。Yu can’t push yur children t hard.你不能把你的孩子们逼得太紧。
5. My parents tld me nt t push myself t hard.我父母告诉我不要逼自己太狠。(教材 P5 4b)
②推，推力 反义词是pull“拉”
Give the car a push, and it will start.推一下这辆车，它就能发动了。The child needs a little push t climb up the step.这个小孩需要一点推力才能爬上台阶。
6. Yes, it’s imprtant nt t frget t relax nce in a while.是的，不忘偶尔放松一下很重要。(教材 P5 4b)
nce in a while 偶尔地；间或
相当于 frm time t time。表示某个动作或事件并非频繁发生，而是间隔一段时间出现一次。
His grandpa ges fishing nce in a while.他的爷爷偶尔去钓鱼。Once in a while, I help pack up things.我偶尔帮忙整理东西。
7. Our parents were wrried abut him staying hme t much. 我们的父母担心他待在家里太久。(教材 P5 4c)
辨析：t much，much t 与 t many
修饰不可数名词，置于名词前
修饰形容词或副词，表示程度
There are t many apples and they’re much t big. Dn’t eat t much because t much fd is bad fr yur health.苹果太多了，而且实在太大。别吃太多，因为太多的食物对你的健康不好。
2. I decided ________ t the muntains, but my sister wants ________ at hme.A. ging; stayingB. t g; stayingC. ging; t stayD. t g; t stay
3.—D yu knw hw ________ this machine?—Yes, my father taught me last week.A. perateB. peratingC. t perateD. perated
1.I ften frget ______ the dr when I leave hme, but yesterday I remembered ______ it.A. t lck; lckingB. lcking; t lckC. t lck; t lck D. lcking; lcking
1. Lisa and Betty like playing ping-png, s they chse _________ (jin) the ping-png club.2. The teacher asks us _________ (speak) English in class.3. When yu plan ________ (jin) a club, the test can share sme gd ideas.4. It is best ___________ (nt agree) with thers withut further thinking.5. It’s imprtant fr parents _________ (teach) their kids t use digital devices prperly.6. Lk! The teenagers are making cards _________ (shw) lve fr their mthers.
二、用单词的适当形式填空。
1. Review and understand the grammar—Infinitives as adverbials and bject cmplements.2. D the related exercises t cnslidate what we’ve learnt tday.