高考英语二轮专题-猜测词义题（知识清单）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-猜测词义题（知识清单）（学生版），共34页。学案主要包含了知能解读01，知能解读02，知能解读03，知能解读04，知能解读05，重难点突破01，重难点突破02，重难点突破03等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01猜测词义题五年高考考情统计
02猜测词义题五年高考考情解读
1.每年必考
猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
2.四大类型
阅读理解猜测词义题有四大考查方向：一是考查生词语境猜测，二是考查短语语境猜测，三是考查句子语境理解，四是考查代词语境猜测。
03猜测词义题五年高考考点分类
04猜测词义题五年高考题干特点
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷，代词型)
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?（2024新课标I卷，短语型）
32. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?（2024新课标II卷，短语型）
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?（2024全国甲卷，短语型）
24. What des the underlined wrd “it” in the first paragraph refer t?（2024浙江1月卷，代词型）
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型）
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型）
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型）
05阅读理解满分突破思维导图
01 利用就近原则判定指代
1.试题特点
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、ne、thse等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/ne/thse可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。
2.设问方式
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷)
24. What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t? (2024浙江1月卷)
3.思维导图
02 代词指代跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷第26题)
原文：There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class. She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls. Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says. “They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.”
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?
A. Offering regular lessns.B. Paying extra attentin.
C. Assigning n schlwrk.D. Shwing n sympathy.
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
跟踪训练2 (2024浙江1月卷第24题)
原文：When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”．
24. What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?
A. The play. B. The shared huse. C. The sfa. D. The telephne bx.
跟踪训练3 (2022新高考II卷第30题)
原文："We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
03 利用语境猜测句意
1.题型解读
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
2.思维导图
04句意猜测跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2021全国甲卷第24题)
原文：Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a gd skater.
29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
跟踪训练2 (2019浙江卷第24题)
原文：Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”
24. What des the expressin “Mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
05利用构词法猜测词义
1.掌握构词法
派生词：否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如dis.n-,i.…,-1s;后缀改变词性，不改变词义，如deliver→deli~;刘线-表示“共同”;re-表示“又,再”;trans-表示“转移’
合成法:依据合成词组成新词，结合记一沙词义;种词性用作吴一种说性而记形不变;
转化法：形容词转化为名词；动词转化为形容词；名词转化为动词等。
2.思维导图
3.解题策略
第一步：依据题干定位相应段落。
第二步：瞻前顾后找准与题干相关的关键词、句。
第三步：通过构词法破解划线单词的字面意思，再通过语境找到最佳答案。
06构词法猜测跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷第29题)
原文：Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
跟踪训练2 (2020新课标II卷第25题)
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma’s Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away — since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day,and I wuld return the belnging.
25. What d the underlined wrds “the ffender” in paragraph 8 refer t?
A. The student’s parent.B. The maker f the Grandma’s Bx.
C. The authr’s grandchild.D. The wner f the frbidden fruit.
跟踪训练3 (2016全国II卷第27题)
原文：Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
27. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
01利用语法关系猜词义
1.语法关系
下定义：be、mean、refer t、be called/named、namely、that is、be cnsidered等词语后面的内容是对前面内容的注解性说明，相当于对前面的词语下定义。
同位语(从句)：同位语(从句)是对其前内容的解释说明，也可以帮助猜测词义。
定语(从句)：尤其注意后置定语和由which/wh引导的非限制性定语从句。
举例说明：fr example、fr instance、such as.like、include、including等后面的内容也有助于猜测词义。
标点符号：注意破折号(-)、冒号(:)、分号(;)后面的内容,注意引号(“”)或括号中的内容。
2.思维导图
02 语法关系猜词跟踪训练
1.利用举例
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
跟踪训练1 (2022全国乙卷第29题)
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
2.利用破折号
跟踪训练2 (2021 全国乙卷第25题)
原文：Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey (调查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.
3.利用同义关系
跟踪训练3 (2015四川卷第44题)
原文：And it is nt just rbins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are als being mre ncturnal.
44. What des the underlined wrd “ncturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
4.利用释义关系
跟踪训练4 (2023全国甲卷第24题)
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
03利用逻辑关系猜测词义
1.逻辑关系
反义关系：根据画线词的反义词猜测词义。表示转折:but,hwever,therwisethugh,even thugh；表示对比:unlike,in cntrast, while.n the cntrary,n the ther hand,rather than,instead f。
同义关系：根据画线词的相同或相近意义的词语猜测词义。表示类同:similarly,like,r,namelyin ther wrds,that is t say,justas,and,als,as well as,the same 。
因果关系：根据前后因果关系猜测词义。表原因:because,since,because fdue t,thanks t,fr,as a result f；表结果:s,therefre,s that,,lead t/result in/cntribute t,as a result。
2.思维导图
3.解题思路
第一步：依据题干关键词定位原文相关词、句。
第二步：瞻前顾后抓关键词，如but, unlike, in ther wrds, as a result等。
第三步：“题干-原文-选项”三对照，从肯定否定逻辑和感情褒贬性入手作答。
04逻辑关系猜词跟踪训练
1.利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等标志词体现。
跟踪训练1 (2019全国II卷第25题)
原文：I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n … At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
25. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encurage team wrk. B. Appeal t feeling.
C. Prmte gd deeds. D. Prvide advice.
2.利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
跟踪训练2 (2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题)
原文：Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
33. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
跟踪训练3 (2024 新课标II卷第32题)
原文：In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
32. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.
B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.
D. If translated by smene unacademic.
3.利用同一关系猜词
跟踪训练4 (2023 新课标II卷第30题)
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
01 阅读猜词词义题答题误区
1.忽视上下文语境，仅凭单词记忆作答​
不少学生在遇到生词时，第一反应是在脑海中搜索该词的记忆释义，而忽略了单词所处的上下文语境。
例如：2023年新高考 Ⅰ 卷的阅读文章中，“Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.” 对于declutter一词，如果仅从单词本身出发，学生可能难以知晓其含义。但结合下文 “This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.” 可知，该过程要求人们远离一些线上活动，由此可推断出declutter有 “清理，整理（此处指对线上活动进行清理）” 的意思。若学生不关注上下文，仅凭对clutter杂乱）的模糊记忆，很难准确理解 “declutter” 在此处的含义。​
2.误判逻辑关系，导致词义推导错误​
阅读文章中词与词、句与句之间存在着各种逻辑关系，如因果、转折、对比、并列等，这些逻辑关系是推测词义的重要线索。然而，学生在答题时常常误判这些逻辑关系。
例如：2022 年全国甲卷的阅读理解中，“Unlike her sister, wh is always cheerful and talkative, Mary is rather taciturn.” 句中“Unlike” 表明了对比关系，即 Mary 和她姐姐的性格相反，她姐姐 “cheerful and talkative”（开朗健谈），那么可以推断出 “taciturn” 意为 “沉默寡言的”。若学生未能识别出 “Unlike” 所体现的对比逻辑，就可能无法正确猜出 “taciturn” 的词义。
3.对熟词生义缺乏认知，局限于常见释义​
高考英语阅读常考查熟词在特定语境下的生僻含义，而学生往往局限于单词的常见释义。
例如：2024 年新高考 I 卷为例，“The curse f the river has changed dramatically ver the years.” 这里的“curse 并非学生熟悉的 “课程” 含义，而是 “路线，河道” 的意思。学生若只知道 “curse” 的常见义，就无法理解句子的准确意思。
4.无法准确判断代词指代内容​
在阅读文章中，代词的准确指代对于理解文意至关重要。但学生在确定代词指代对象时经常出现错误。例如，2023 年新高考 II 卷中的一段话，“The scientists cnducted an experiment n a grup f mice. They fund that the mice in the experimental grup shwed different behavirs cmpared t thse in the cntrl grup. This discvery culd have imprtant implicatins fr future research.” 这里的 “This discvery” 指代的是前文科学家们关于实验组小鼠与对照组小鼠行为差异的发现，若学生不能准确判断，就会影响对文章后续内容的理解以及相关词义猜测题的解答。
02 阅读猜词词义题误区应对
1.强化语境意识，仔细研读上下文​
在解答猜词词义题时，学生要树立强烈的语境意识。当遇到需猜测词义的单词或短语时，要认真阅读其所在句子以及前后相邻的句子，从整体语境中寻找线索。
2．掌握逻辑关系词，借助逻辑推理​
学生需要熟练掌握常见的逻辑关系词及其所表达的逻辑关系。在阅读过程中，一旦发现逻辑关系词，就要高度关注，并据此分析句子之间的逻辑联系，进而推测词义。比如，看到 “but”“hwever”“yet” 等转折词时，要意识到前后内容相反；看到 “and”“r”“similarly” 等表示并列或相似关系的词时，可知前后内容在语义上相近或相关；看到 “because”“since”“as a result f” 等因果关系词时，可从原因推导结果或从结果追溯原因。
3.积累熟词生义，拓宽词汇理解​
平时学习中，学生要注重积累常见单词的生僻含义。可以通过整理高考真题、模拟题中出现的熟词生义情况，建立专门的词汇笔记，定期复习。同时，在阅读英文文章、书籍、报刊时，遇到熟词在不同语境下的特殊含义，要及时记录并理解记忆。
4.运用指代分析技巧，确定代词指代​
对于代词指代题，学生可采用以下方法：首先，返回原文，找到代词所在位置；然后，向前（有时也可能向后，但大部分情况是向前）搜索，寻找离代词最近的名词、名词短语或句子；最后，将找到的内容代入代词处，看句子的逻辑和语义是否通顺合理。
03 阅读猜词词义题满分策略
1.建立熟词生义库：整理近5年真题出现的熟词生义，每日复习5-10个，重点记忆高频词。​
2.强化逻辑词敏感度：总结常见逻辑关系词（如转折），结合真题例句进行逻辑推导训练。​
3.构词法专项突破：掌握常见前缀、后缀、词根，遇到生词先拆分结构，再结合语境验证。
4.三步定位语境法：锁定生词句及前后2句；圈出逻辑词、标点；代入原文检查是否通顺。
猜测词义题综合能力提升
真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维
01 (2025浙江1月卷)
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strm water runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
28. What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running ut f.B. Keeping away frm.
C. Putting up with.D. Taking advantage f.
29. Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A. T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B. T bring in freign species f plants.
C. T cnserve sil and water resurces.D. T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
31. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The future f gardening is WILDB. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS
C. Matrix gardens need mre CARED. Old garden plts wrk WONDERS
02 (2025八省联考卷)
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds. just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n. In many cmmunities, that trust is wn every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, scial security checks, cllege acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
After mre than three decades, Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther. He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day. Butch, a dg wh belnged t ne f the neighbrs, was waiting just like every day befre. And just like every day befre, he gt int the jump seat and they were ff. On the rute, Jim and Butch had becme inseparable. Nw, the dg and the mailman wuld ride ff t retirement tgether. At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.
24. What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph?
A. He’s pen-minded.B. He’s sharp-eyed.
C. He’s warm-hearted.D. He’s strng-willed.
25. What des the underlined wrd “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Refused.B. Criticized.C. Investigated.D. Suspended.
26. What did Jim d besides daily delivery n his final days f wrk?
A. He drve Butch t its wner.B. He sent presents t his friends.
C. He prepared a retirement party.D. He said gdbye t the neighbrs.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a respected mail carrier.B. T recrd an unfrgettable experience.
C. T raise funds fr the pstal service.D. T call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
03 (2024九省联考卷)
In his 1936 wrk Hw t Win Friends and Influence Peple, Dale Carnegie wrte: “I have cme t the cnclusin that there is nly ne way t get the best f an argument — and that is t avid it.” This distaste fr arguments is cmmn, but it depends n a mistaken view f arguments that causes prblems fr ur persnal and scial lives — and in many ways misses the pint f arguing in the first place.
Carnegie wuld be right if arguments were fights, which is hw we ften think f them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave bth sides bldied. Even when yu win, yu end up n better ff. Yu wuld be feeling almst as bad if arguments were even just cmpetitins — like, say, tennis turnaments. Pairs f ppnents hit the ball back and frth until ne winner cmes ut frm all wh entered. Everybdy else lses. This kind f thinking explains why s many peple try t avid arguments.
Hwever, there are ways t win an argument every time. When yu state yur psitin, frmulate (阐述) an argument fr what yu claim and hnestly ask yurself whether yur argument is any gd. When yu talk with smene wh takes a stand, ask them t give yu a reasn fr their view and spell ut their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise bjectins (异议) and listen carefully t their replies. This methd will require effrt, but practice will make yu better at it.
These tls can help yu win every argument — nt in the unhelpful sense f beating yur ppnents but in the better sense f learning abut what divides peple, learning why they disagree with us and learning t talk and wrk tgether with them. If we readjust ur view f arguments — frm a verbal fight r tennis game t a reasned exchange thrugh which we all gain respect and understanding frm each ther — then we change the very nature f what it means t “win” an argument.
28. What is the authr’s attitude tward Carnegie’s understanding f argument?
A. Critical.B. Supprtive. C. Tlerant.D. Uncertain.
29. Why d many peple try t avid arguments?
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignred.
D. They are nt cnfident in themselves.
30. What des the underlined phrase “spell ut” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Defend.B. Explain.C. Cnclude.D. Repeat.
31. What is the key t “winning” an argument accrding t the authr?
A. Sense f lgic.B. Slid supprting evidence.
C. Prper manners.D. Understanding frm bth sides.
模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考
04 We studied a diverse grup f birds typically fund alng castlines, knwn as shrebirds. Heartbreakingly, their glbal ppulatin has plummeted as they cntinue t battle habitat destructin, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting.
04.What des the underlined wrd “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Reduced sharply.B．Increased rapidly.
C．Recvered slwly.D．Changed gradually.
05 It was break time at nn. I headed dwn t the kitchen abut five minutes early and gave my Cke such a hard shake that I feared it may actually g ff in my hands. I placed it back in the fridge. Then, I hid int a cupbard in the kitchen, waiting fr the right mment.
05 What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The kitchen.B．The drink.C．The hand.D．The fridge.
06 One thery that Brgaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning culd cause a ne-time flding f the brain with neurtransmitters (神经递质) that are released frm the dying neurns (神经元). This causes a rewiring f neurns, prviding access t areas f the brain that were previusly inaccessible.
06 What des the underlined wrd “This” refer t in paragraph 5?
A．The cell death due t lightning strikes.
B．The flding f brain’s neurtransmitters.
C．The rewiring f brain neurns.
D．The release f dying neurns.
07 Befre I left schl in December, I had a cuple f tests called Mid-term Test. They all went pretty smth, mstly because I didn’t have t many hard classes. My favrite class was English, and als my hardest. Persnally I really liked English, where I culd write essays (文章), challenge writing skills and imprve English talking.
07 What des the underlined wrd “They” in the third paragraph refer t?
A．ClassesB．TestsC．GamesD．Students
08 Hwever, there are ways t win an argument every time. When yu state yur psitin, frmulate (阐述) an argument fr what yu claim and hnestly ask yurself whether yur argument is any gd. When yu talk with smene wh takes a stand, ask them t give yu a reasn fr their view and spell ut their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise bjectins (异议) and listen carefully t their replies. This methd will require effrt, but practice will make yu better at it.
08 What des the underlined phrase “spell ut” in the paragraph prbably mean?
A．Defend.B．Explain.C．Cnclude.D．Repeat.
09 Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
09 The underlined expressin “stmach it” mst prbably means “_______”.
A．digest the meal easilyB．manage withut breakfast
C．decide wisely what t eatD．eat whatever is ffered
10 The earthquake is ne f the mst cmmn natural disasters. It may cause great damage. S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.
Fragile items like thse made f glass are easily brken and shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n the cupbards higher up. Never place them near yur bed, sfas and ther furniture where yu wuld be sitting r lying dwn. When there is a strng mvement, these pieces will fall n the flr directly and nt n yu.
10 The underlined wrd “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “________”.
A．Easily fund.B．Easily brken.C．Expensive.D．Heavy.
11 When 76-year-ld Antinette-Marie Williams played 17-year-ld Emmett Daniels in chess fr the first time, she gave Daniels a run fr his mney. Paired thrugh DOROT, a New Yrk rganizatin which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a gd ppnent fr him. I dn’t think he expected it.” Williams tld the CVS Health blg Frtune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams t a crss-generatinal relatinship that they bth enjy. Williams and Daniels’ relatinship disprves the idea that peple f different generatins have little in cmmn.
11 What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．She had a running race with Daniels.
B．Daniels felt disappinted.
C．Daniels had a tugh win.
D．She gave Daniels mney as a gift f greeting.
12 When it cmes t napping, ne size definitely desn’t fit all. If yu are sleep deprived, a nap can be helpful r even essential fr making it thrugh the day. Hwever, fr thse with ther sleep issues, a nap may make it harder t fall asleep at night. Fr mst f us, the timing and length f ur nap will largely determine hw beneficial it is t ur sleep rutine.
12 What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．A nap benefits all the peple.
B．Nt all the peple fit napping.
C．A nap wrks n ne with sleep prblems.
D．A nap wrks fr yu if yu're lacking sleep.
13 We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
13 What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
14（2025·湖南·三模）
As the first girl in my family, I was brn in Venezuela, twelve mnths t the day befre ne f the biggest earthquakes in the cuntry’s histry struck the capital city Caracas in 1967. I’ve always seen this as a sign f my destiny.
Disasters have the ptential t set back a natin’s develpment fr years and even decades. Hwever, my persnal experiences have taught me that the extent f damage ften depends n whether there is a culture f preventin within the affected sciety. .
I recall a time when I was living in an apartment building when a mderate earthquake struck. My reactin, after the immediate “drp, cver, hld n” reflexes (反射动作), was t hpe that the building wuld prve t be structurally sund. As the shaking slwly stpped, I ran utside t wait fr pssible aftershcks. My fears, thankfully, did nt happen. It had resisted the quake because it fllwed the cuntry’s building cdes.
Occasins like this shw the necessity f having updated building cdes that include lessns learned frm past disasters. Had the building nt fllwed these updated cdes, I may nt have survived. This experience has nly strengthened my belief in the value f preventin in mitigating the impact f disasters.
I have spent the past tw years wrking n the Built Envirnment in Latin America and the Caribbean Prject. The prject has develped risk-infrmed plicies and engineering techniques in the six cuntries that were selected fr their particularly high expsure t earthquakes. This prject fits perfectly with my prfessinal and persnal gals, as it cmbines my passin and experience in risk reductin. Like the third little pig in the tale f Three Little Pigs, wh puts resilience (韧性) abve cnvenience while building his huse frm bricks, I’m cmmitted t building a framewrk f preventin and resilience, as I knw that early actin tday can prevent prblems tmrrw.
1．What des the authr refer t as her destiny?
A．Rebuilding cities after disasters.B．Experiencing many earthquakes.
C．Ding wrk related t earthquakes.D．Updating building cdes in Venezuela.
2．Why did the earthquake mentined in paragraph 3 impress the authr?
A．She realized the danger f earthquakes.B．She felt she did nt respnd well enugh.
C．She was very lucky t escape with her life.D．She recgnized the imprtance f preventin.
3．What des the underlined wrd “mitigating” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Causing.B．Reducing.C．Ignring.D．Aviding.
4．What des the tale f Three Little Pigs imply?
A．Teamwrk matters in preventing disasters.B．Risk reductin wrk requires a lt f skills.
C．Damage caused by disasters can be avided.D．Building huses needs passin and experience.
15（2025·山东青岛·二模）
In primary schl, I evlved frm the class half-wit t the smart-alec, attracting scrn fr being the teacher’s pet. Mr Slavin, fair but partial t answers, favred me ver bys like Thmm, wh struggled t remember his name. Thmm faced regular canings—fur strkes frm Mr Slavin r six frm the Deputy Head. His screams eched as he fled each strke. One day, plice fund his schl case stuffed with stlen trinkets, and he vanished frever.
Despite Thmm’s fate, I envied his rebellius aura. As the despised “pet,” I craved respect. My desk at the back, reserved fr tp students, islated me. T rebel visibly, I carved railway tracks int the desk, pushing pencil fragments with “chuffing” nises. Inspired by my firebug tendencies, I rubbed a ruler against the wd until smke—then flames—emerged. Mr Slavin’s gaze turned, and I earned fur stinging strkes. The pain paled against the glry f newfund ntriety.
This triumph spurred darker urges. Bullied by lder bys, I mimicked their cruelty n yunger nes but reciled instinctively. My aversin t inflicting pain clashed with a persnality riddled with flaws. At hme, I staged futile escapes—packed with peanut butter sandwiches—nly t linger near frbidden rads. Symblic rebellin surfaced in tunneling thrugh chicken cps, emerging crwned in bird drppings.
My mther, blivius t my schl struggles, basted f my intellect t neighbrs like Nla Huthnance, whse endless chatter rivaled her wn. Even as I lapped up her praise, I sensed its txicity. Unlike Ggl’s mther, wh credited her sn with inventing the steam engine, mine saw genius in mundane reprt cards. Such adratin bred islatin, cmpelling me t frge a cntrary identity.
1．What can be inferred abut the authr's attitude tward his mther's praise?
A．He felt pressured t develp a rebellius identity.
B．He actively embraced her admiratin as mtivatin.
C．He remained indifferent t her pinins.
D．He resented her cmparisns with ther families.
2．What des the underlined wrd “chuffing” mst likely refer t?
A．Crying in pain.B．Whispering secrets.
C．Making train-like nises.D．Laughing mckingly.
3．Hw did Mr. Slavin treat the authr cmpared t Thmm?
A．Strict but fair.B．Partial but encuraging.
C．Hstile and dismissive.D．Indifferent and detached.
4．Why was Thmm taken away by the plice?
A．He set fire t the classrm.B．He escaped during caning.
C．He bullied yunger students.D．He stle items frm stres.
16（2025·山东青岛·三模）
In the digital age, teenagers are facing a challenge that has never happened — the cnstant battle fr their attentin. A 2023 study published in the Jurnal f Adlescent Health reveals that the average teenager switches between digital tasks every 19 secnds, resulting in a 40% decline in mental prcesses f understanding cmpared t fcused wrk.
Cntinuus partial attentin, termed by researchers, ccurs when individuals attempt t mnitr multiple digital streams tgether withut fully cncentrating n any single ne. Unlike purpseful multitasking, this state leaves teenagers in a repeated cnditin f mental verlad. Prfessr Linda Stne, wh first identified the behavir, explains, “It’s nt that teens can’t fcus–it’s that their fcus is always divided.”
The neurlgical (神经系统的) impacts are particularly cncerning during the teenage years, a critical perid fr brain develpment. MRI scans (扫描) demnstrate that heavy media multitaskers shw less dense gray matter in the anterir cingulate crtex(ACC), the brain regin respnsible fr emtinal cntrl and decisin-making. A 2021 Stanfrd study revealed that teens wh engaged in frequent media multitasking had 15% weaker ACC activatin during tasks cmpared t thse wh fcused n single tasks. This physical change crrelates with increased anxiety levels and decreased academic perfrmance bserved in numerus case studies.
Hwever, the slutin isn’t as simple as remving technlgy entirely. Digital literacy (读写能力) expert Dr. Mark Prensky argues that digital natives prcess infrmatin differently than previus generatins. Instead f remving devices, educatrs shuld teach “attentin literacy” — the skill f cnsciusly chsing when and hw t engage with technlgy. Sme schls experiment with fcus training and they reprt 30% imprvements in students’ sustained attentin duratin within six mnths.
Parents play an equally crucial rle. One way t supprt this is t establish “prtected spaces” in hmes where devices are set aside, allwing fr uninterrupted face-t-face cmmunicatin. The gal isn’t t blame technlgy blindly but t help teens develp the wisdm t use it intentinally.
1．What des the underlined phrase “mental verlad” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Cnstantly switching tasks.B．Struggling t stay fcused.
C．Taking in t much at nce.D．Feeling emtinally exhausted.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Hw MRI scans are used t study the brain.
B．Hw aviding screens benefits brain health.
C．Why media multitasking increases teen anxiety.
D．Hw media multitasking affects the teenage brain.
3．Why des the authr mentin schls experimenting with fcus training?
A．T criticize the current trend.
B．T supprt a prpsed slutin.
C．T warn against technlgy veruse.
D．T intrduce changes in mdern educatin.
4．Why is “prtected spaces” in hmes suggested?
A．T supprt parental mnitring.B．T prmte mindful tech habits.
C．T imprve academic perfrmance.D．T increase family time n digital devices.
17（2025·江西吉安·模拟预测）
When Lenard da Vinci wasn’t painting masterpieces r dreaming up flying machines, he was explring the secrets f gravity. Cnsidering himself a scientist and artist, this Renaissance thinker spent untld hurs studying hw the “attractin f ne bject t anther” affected phenmena like the flight f birds and the fall f water.
Recent research published in the jurnal Lenard reveals that da Vinci cnducted detailed gravity experiments ver a century befre Galile and tw centuries prir t Newtn. “His thinking was far ahead f his time,” said c-authr Dr. Mrteza Gharib. The study highlights Lenard’s determinatin t find the law gverning the dynamics f falling bjects.
Dr. Gharib said he discvered the experiments while examining an nline versin f The Cdex Arundel, a cllectin f Lenard’s ntes frm 1478 t 1518. Amng its mirrr-written texts, a drawing n Page 143 caught his eye: a triangle (三角形) frmed by cycles puring frm a pt. He used a cmputer prgram t flip (翻转) the triangle and the nearby backward writing. Suddenly, the image came t life. “I culd see mtin,” Dr. Gharib recalled. “I culd see him puring stuff ut.” It was a eureka mment that revealed Lenard’s frward-lking experiment.
Gazing at Lenard’s drawing, Dr. Gharib realized that the artist had separated gravity’s effects int tw cmpnents, revealing a nrmally hidden aspect f nature. Inspired by hail falling frm fast-mving cluds, Lenard demnstrated thrugh his drawing hw gravity’s cnstant frce causes a steady speed gain — shwn by the increasing gaps between falling bjects as the pt mves.
Despite his basic experimental setup 500 years ag, da Vinci calculated the gravitatinal cnstant t an accuracy within 10 percent f the mdern value. “It’s mind-bggling,” Dr. Gharib said. “That’s the beauty f what Lenard des.”
Hwever, Dr. Gharib hesitated t examine the Cdex further. “I’m like a kid in a ty stre, afraid t even lk at it,” he said. He nted that while art histrians had studied it, scientists had nt. “It’s an pen bk with s much t discver.”
1．What is the main purpse f the text ?
A．T reprt da Vinci’s unknwn research.
B．T cmpare da Vinci with ther scientists.
C．T prve da Vinci’s artist and scientist rle.
D．T shw a way f analyzing da Vinci’s ntes.
2．What des the underlined phrase “a eureka mment” in paragraph 3 refer t ?
A．Finding da Vinci’s secret drawings.
B．Detecting the need f mirrr-writing.
C．Discvering the pwer f technlgy.
D．Realizing the triangle’s scientific meaning.
3．What is special abut da Vinci’s experiments?
A．They were the first t explre the law f gravity.
B．They achieved high-level accuracy with simple tls.
C．They fcused n the beauty f falling bjects’ mtin.
D．They integrated artistic strategy with scientific methd.
4．What can we knw abut The Cdex frm Dr . Gharib’s wrds?
A．It cntains unexplred scientific insights.
B．Histrians misunderstd its real purpse.
C．Its artwrk hasn’t been prperly analyzed.
D．New tls are required t reveal its secrets.
18（25-26高三上·河北保定·开学考试）
Abut halfway thrugh the new ad fr “the thinnest iPad ever”, almst every creative instrument artists and cnsumers have used ver the years — frm recrd players t bks and cameras — is flattened by a pwerful hydraulic press (液压机). But fr me, the ugliest thing abut the ad is the destructin f the musical instruments: a pian, a guitar, a drum and a trumpet.
Perhaps, the ad is meant t cmmunicate that this tiny, thin iPad can replace them all. Yu can make yur music with it. Yu can paint with it. Yu can play games n it. Yu can take yur phts with it. S yu can finally destry all thse things that have been s burdensme, like the massive pian and messy paint.
But these are nt practical items. Nbdy wns a pian because it’s practical. Actually, it’s ne f the least practical things yu can wn. It is s heavy that it can damage yur flr. If yu happen t get a new place, yu dn’t just need mvers fr it. Yu need special mvers. Yu wn a pian because yur belved nes sit dwn and play it. Such shared mments will nt and can nt be replaced by iPads.
Yu can make beautiful music and digital art with an iPad. But that art shuld be made alngside ther music, ther art, nt at the cst f pians and paint. If yu think f digital artistic creatin as an pprtunity t shatter sculptures r bttles f paint, yu never understd art at all, and yu never will. It desn’t demand t destry what is lved in rder t run after the fantasy that yu can fit everything that matters int yur pcket.
In certain circumstances, I am wrried. Fr example, I am wrried abut the csts f art and its creatin. But I am nt wrried at all that art made by humans will ever be replaced by “the thinnest iPad ever”.
1．What des the new iPad ad intend t tell its viewers?
A．It can d a lt f things.
B．It will nt be easily damaged.
C．Artists can stre their infrmatin in it.
D．Custmers shuld thrw away their ugly stuff.
2．What des the underlined wrd “shatter” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Create.B．Purchase.C．Break.D．Exchange.
3．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The New iPad Will Put Art in Danger
B．Art Wn’t Be Flattened by the New iPad
C．The Csts f Art and Its Creatin Are Rcketing
D．The New iPad Ad Is Depressing but Successful
4．What is the text?
A．An advertisement. B．An iPad descriptin. C．A music review.D．An pinin piece.
19（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试）
Sy is fund in almst everything we eat, frm the vegetable il t stre-bught chclate. While it may seem like humans chse the sybean, it was arguably the sybean that chse peple.
Sybeans have an innate ability t grw almst anywhere and survive almst anything. They can grw anywhere frm three t five feet tall and prduce arund 100 beans per plant. Sy can be grwn everywhere frm the extremely harsh fur seasns f Manitba, Canada, t the grassland f Mpumalanga, Suth Africa.
Sy was likely dmesticated in China apprximately 6,000 t 9,000 years ag when ancient Chinese medical healers used all parts f the plant as medicine. Peple als turned sy int ndles, tfu, and sy sauce. Sybeans were initially sent t England t meet rising demands fr sy sauce, which was becming a staple in British cuisine.
It wuld nt be lng, thugh, befre Americans fund anther use fr the bean. During the Civil War, rasted sybeans were used as cffee substitutes (替代) fr ecnmy and health cnsideratins. And sn, sybeans became the staple feed in the diets f nn-human creatures, t, with ne cup f raw sybeans cntaining 67.9 grams f prtein and 17.3 grams f fiber. In the US, chickens eat the mst sy, fllwed by pigs, cws, and fish. These animals eat ver 70 percent f all sybeans grwn in the US.
Nwadays, genetic mdificatin cntributes t massive quantities f sybeans all ver the wrld, including the Amazn rainfrest, where they are replacing the trees that nce std there. Brazil nw exprts mre sybeans than any ther cuntry. Nw sme advcacy grups are calling fr better land-use practices t safeguard the rainfrest and the sil. In 2023, plicies brught n by new gvernments in Suth America began slwing rates f defrestatin in the Amazn.
Nw many grwers have expanded their sy peratins t the Cerrad, a savannah-like regin f Brazil. Despite changing plicies and practices arund defrestatin, this year is expected t be a recrd year fr sybean prductin.
1．What des the underlined wrd “innate” prbably mean in the secnd Paragraph?
A．Imprtant.B．Inbrn.C．Immediate.D．Initial.
2．What did the Americans use sy t d?
A．Treat the patients as medicine.B．Enrich the kinds f cuisine.
C．Prduce a wide range f fd.D．Offer staple fd t livestck.
3．What affects the planting f sy nw?
A．The cmmunicatin acrss the glbe.B．The change f envirnment.
C．The updated gvernment plicies.D．The defrestatin in the Amazn.
4．In which sectin f a magazine is the text taken frm?
A．Sciety.B．Agriculture.C．Histry.D．Cmmunicatin.
20（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试）
I remember pening my iPad ne day in fifth grade after a silly cnversatin with my cusin abut scary stry ideas. Hurs later, I cmpleted my first shrt stry. Since then, I’ve written many stries, shrt and lng. But als, since then, I’ve read mre and nticed just hw well peple my age culd write. Since then, I als felt less and less willing t share my wrk:what if my writing isn’t as gd as everybdy else's? What started ff as smething creative that I culd share with friends turned int cmpetitin changed by feelings f cmpetence. Oftentimes, hbbies begin as smething just fr fun. But eventually, what was nce fun nw cntributes t feelings f stress and inadequacy. I have plenty f memries f thinking I was ging t pick up smething new and stick with it, whether it be playing the pian, r drawing. But there is always a part f me that expects myself t just magically be gd at all f thse things. And when I’m nt, the enjyment tapers ff as, slwly, I think medicrity(平庸) isn’t acceptable anymre.
Writing is the nly hbby that I have repeatedly cme back t despite drpping it cnstantly. I can see the grwth in my writing all these years, but the expectatins t be better and better is never satisfied. This is why I drp writing fr mnths at a time. This feeling f a hbby becming, fr a lack f better wrd, a chre, lwers the satisfactin f said hbby.
But hbbies are there t give yu a breath f fresh air frm having t excel at everything, frm academics t yur ccupatin. We must accept that it is kay t just suck at an activity but still ding it because it brings yu jy. There is a balance between jy and expectatins, either set by thers r by urselves.
1．What des the authr d in the first paragraph?
A．He challenges a traditin.B．He relates an experience.
C．He envisins a cming trend.D．He cmpares varied hbbies.
2．Which can best replace the underlined phrase “tapers ff” in paragraph 1?
A．Thins ut.B．Tps ut.C．builds up.D．Spreads arund.
3．Why des the authr drp writing cnstantly?
A．He is inadequate fr it.B．He prefers medicrity.
C．He equates jy with achievement.D．He receives bitter cmment.
4．What message des the passage cnvey?
A．Medicrity is the key t enjyment.
B．A hbby shared is a hbby squared.
C．Excellence ensures academic success.
D．Enjyment utweighs excellence in hbbies.
卷别
细节理解题
猜测词义题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
2025全国一卷
7
1
6
1
2025全国二卷
8
1
4
2
2024新课标I卷
9
1
4
1
2024新课标II卷
9
1
4
1
2024全国甲卷
7
1
6
1
2023新课标I卷
6
1
7
1
2023新课标II卷
6
1
7
1
2023全国甲卷
8
1
5
1
2023全国乙卷
5
1
8
1
2022新课标I卷
8
2
4
1
2022新课标II卷
8
2
4
1
2022全国甲卷
8
1
3
3
2022全国乙卷
10
1
3
1
2021新课标I卷
8
1
4
2
2021新课标II卷
11
1
2
1
2021全国甲卷
5
1
8
1
2021全国乙卷
6
1
6
2