高考英语二模模拟卷02（上海卷）（考试版）

这是一份高考英语二模模拟卷02（上海卷）（考试版），共14页。
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3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
I. Grammar and Vcabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
【原创】题源：Natinal Gegraphic《Mars Plar Ice Cap Explratin: New Discveries》
Mars, the red planet, has always been a ht tpic in space explratin. In recent years, scientists have made great prgress in explring Mars’ plar ice caps, which hld imprtant clues abut the planet’s past climate and pssible life. A team f internatinal scientists 1______ (study) the suth plar ice cap f Mars fr five years, and they have made sme surprising discveries s far.
The scientists used a high-tech radar system n a Mars rver t scan the ice cap, and fund a large liquid water lake under the ice, 2______ (make) it the first cnfirmed liquid water lake n Mars. The lake is abut 1.5 kilmeters belw the ice surface, and its water is extremely salty, 3______ keeps it frm freezing in the cld Martian envirnment. This discvery shws that Mars is nt as dry as we thught befre, and it raises the pssibility f 4______ (find) micrbial life n the planet.
Scientists have fund that the ice cap changes with the Martian seasns, just like the plar ice caps n Earth. But the speed f its change is much 5______ (fast) than that n Earth, which is related t Mars’ thinner atmsphere and shrter seasns. This change has been recrded by the Mars rver, and the data 6______ (cllect) s far has helped scientists study Mars’ climate change in depth.
T study the ice cap further, scientists plan t send a new Mars rver t the suth ple f Mars in 2026. The new rver will be equipped with mre advanced equipment t cllect ice and water samples. Scientists hpe 7______ the new rver can help them find mre evidence f water and life n Mars, and unlck the secrets f the planet’s climate change.
Space explratin is a lng and difficult jurney, but every small discvery brings us clser t the truth abut the universe. As ne f the scientists says, 8______ ______ _____we keep explring, we will never stp learning abut the wrld beynd Earth. Mars explratin is nt nly abut finding life n the red planet, but als abut understanding ur wn planet better. It als inspires humans t keep mving frward, and t challenge urselves t reach further 9______ the universe. Fr humans, the explratin f Mars is a great step, 10______ a small ne in the jurney f explring the universe.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
【原创】题源：New Scientist （）
Time crystals culd be used t build accurate quantum clcks
Time crystals are a strange physical 11________ that defies the basic laws f thermdynamics, and new research shws they can be used t make far mre accurate quantum clcks. Unlike regular crystals, time crystals change in a repeating pattern ver time withut any external energy input.
Scientists first 12________ the first time crystal in 2016, and since then, research int this 13________ frm f matter has advanced rapidly. Quantum clcks, which 14________ based n the quantum prperties f atms, are already the mst accurate timekeeping devices in the wrld, but time crystals culd 15________ their precisin t an unprecedented level.
The key advantage f time crystals is that they remain 16________ even at rm temperature, while traditinal quantum clck cmpnents need t be kept at extremely lw temperatures. This makes the 17________ f time crystals in quantum clcks far mre practical, as it reduces the need fr cmplex cling systems.
Researchers say the new technlgy culd 18________ quantum clcks that are small enugh fr everyday use, nt just fr scientific research in labs. A 19________ quantum clck wuld have cuntless uses, frm imprving satellite navigatin t making space explratin mre accurate.
“Time crystals are 20________ the mst prmising material fr the next generatin f quantum clcks,” says a leading physicist in the field. “We are nly just beginning t understand the full ptential f this matter, and future research will unlck even mre surprising uses.”
II. Reading Cmprehensin (21 –35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Surveys f ffice behaviur are nt scientific. In a glbal pll cnducted last year by Kickresume, 85% f peple said they had experienced a (n) 21 c-wrker. S what is it that gets n peple’s nerves? The Kickresume survey put credit-stealing tp f the list f trublesme clleague behaviur. Anther recent pll cnducted by BambHR crwned taking credit fr emplyees’ ideas as the wrst 22 trait f all.
Yu get the picture. Grabbing kuds fr smene else’s idea makes lts f peple angry. Dne intentinally and repeatedly, it is nt just disturbing but bad fr the rganizatin: ideas are harded, trust erdes and 23 suffers. A recent paper by Beijing Jiatng University fund that credit-claiming by 24 at a large Chinese manufacturing firm was assciated with wrse jb perfrmance by emplyees.
When smething happens a lt and is extremely bthersme, a (n) 25 mechanism is needed. S the next time yu hear yur brilliant idea cming ut f the muth f a clleague, breathe deeply and remember tw things.
First, credit-stealing may be less 26 than imagined. Psychlgists have lng dcumented a phenmenn called “cryptmnesia” in which peple 27 plagiarize (抄袭) the ideas f thers. Experiments int cryptmnesia vary but the basic set-up is fr participants in a grup t be asked t generate ideas t slve a particular prblem. They are then tld t recall nly their wn ideas, and t cme up with new ideas that d nt 28 nes that have already been raised. 29 these instructins, peple tend t claim a decent chunk f ld ideas as their wn, and t cpy previus suggestins when raising 30 new ideas. Peple may steal credit withut even realizing it.
Secnd, innvatin very 31 takes the frm f an entirely new idea; instead, it recmbines existing nes. And peple ften reach the same cnclusins 32 . That is the message f “Like”, an entertaining new bk by Martin Reeves and Bb Gdman n the 33 f the “like” buttn. The thumbs-up icn was made cmmn and ppular when Facebk adpted it in 2009, but well befre then firms like Vime, Yelp, Digg. cm and FriendFeed had been 34 with ways fr users t register an emtinal reactin t cntent. S even if yu think f an idea as yur wn strke f genius, the reality is likely t be 35 .
21．A．vilentB．cmpetingC．prmisingD．annying
22．A．managerialB．cmpetitiveC．physicalD．credible
23．A．ecnmyB．prfitC．mtivatinD．truth
24．A．friendsB．executivesC．prducersD．buyers
25．A．cmmunicatingB．cpyingC．evaluatingD．cping
26．A．nastyB．specialC．inferirD．welcme
27．A．deliberatelyB．suppsedlyC．accidentallyD．shamelessly
28．A．cunterB．reprduceC．assembleD．supprt
29．A．On tp fB．In case fC．In accrdance withD．In spite f
30．A．genuinelyB．suppsedlyC．specificallyD．recently
31．A．unfrtunatelyB．rarelyC．merelyD．typically
32．A．interdependentlyB．repeatedlyC．independentlyD．cllectively
33．A．functinsB．mdelsC．resurcesD．rigins
34．A．strugglingB．cperatingC．venturingD．experimenting
35．A．distinctiveB．differentC．bviusD．identical
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
It was a day as Australian as yu can get: Sun, waves and surfing at the beach. And then smething distinctly un-Australian turned up.
Aarn Fwler and a friend were heading back t the parking lt after a day in the waves. “We saw smething cming ut f the water,” Mr. Fwler, a drywall repairman, said. “We thught it was a sea bird, but then we thught, ‘Oh, that’s way t big,’ and it had a big, lng neck and a tail sticking ut like a duck.
It std up in the water and waddled straight up t us and just started cleaning itself,” Standing there n the beach in the small twn f Denmark in Western Australia n Friday afternn was a male emperr penguin, abut 2,100 miles frm where ne might expect t find it, in Antarctica.
Mr. Fwler had seen plenty f dlphins and ther creatures in the waves, including ne lepard seal, which is als native t Antarctica, but he never expected a penguin. “We were in shck,” he said.
Even smene with years f experience studying penguins was surprised at the sighting. “That crazy yung penguin,” said Dee Bersma, a prfessr f bilgy at the University f Washingtn and authr f “Penguins: Natural Histry and Cnservatin.”
“Emperr penguins mve arund, because they have t be n an ice sheet r a glacier t raise yung, and the glaciers are erding away,” she said. “That’s nt unusual. Yu’ve gt t cntinue t swim until yu find fd. But this is the furthest nrth I’ve heard f an emperr penguin.”
Recrd lw sea-ice levels in the Antarctic have wreaked havc (破坏)n the lives f emperr penguins. Penguins have sught new breeding grunds as a result, but nrmally they stay relatively clse t their ld hmes.
The penguin wh arrived in Australia did nt seem t have been flummxed t much by its new surrundings. The penguin “seemed cmpletely happy,” Mr. Fwler said. “It was nt at all shy. It was very friendly. It was quite happy in ur cmpany.”
Mr. Fwler alerted the authrities abut the newly immigrated Aussie penguin. It was picked up and is being cared fr; its rehabilitatin is expected t take a few weeks, the Department f Bidiversity, Cnservatin and Attractins f Western Australia said.
“The penguin appeared t be malnurished,” the agency said, “and was remved frm the beach t avid ptential threats frm dgs, cats, fxes and vehicles.”
36．Why was Dee Bersma, the bilgy prfessr, surprised at the sighting f the penguin?
A．Because she had never seen a penguin befre.
B．Because the penguin was in a place far frm its usual habitat.
C．Because the penguin was swimming in the waves.
D．Because the penguin was alne and seemed lst.
37．What is the main reasn emperr penguins have t mve arund t find new breeding grunds?
A．T escape frm predatrs.
B．T find mre fd.
C．T fllw the glaciers that are erding away.
D．T raise their yung in safer envirnments.
38．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 means
A．The penguin was very nervus in its new envirnment.
B．The penguin was quite shy and unfriendly.
C．The penguin adapted well t its new surrundings.
D．The penguin was cnfused and perplexed by its new envirnment.
39．What is the main idea f the article?
A．A surprising encunter with a friendly penguin in Australia.
B．The impact f climate change n emperr penguins’habitat.
C．The rehabilitatin prcess f a malnurished penguin in Australia.
D．The differences between sand and snw fr emperr penguins.
(B)
A gd walk thrugh the Peckfrtn Hills and Castle, Cheshire
The Landscape Deep int autumn in the Peckfrtn Hills, the red sandstne *utcrps* (岩石露头) and mssy ld wdland glwed in the glden afternn light. We had jined a stretch f the Sandstne Trail, which traces Cheshire’s central sandstne *ridge* (山脊). Our gal was a nrthwards passage f the highest hills n the trail.
Climbing the wded sides f Bickertn Hill brught us t an pen lwland area. Restratin wrk here is reclaiming this precius habitat fr rare wildlife. Belw the highest pint is Mad Allen’s Hle, believed t have been the hme f an 18th-century *hermit* (隐士) Jhn Harris. The path then steepened, eventually reaching the trail’s highest pint at Raw Head, where a summit lks nrth ver Delamere Frest t Ellesmere Prt.
Dipping thrugh farmland, we were sn climbing again, this time thrugh beech and ak wdland at Bulkeley Hill. We gathered a bagful f sweet chestnuts befre deturing int Higher Burwardsley fr lunch at the warmly welcming Pheasant Inn.
The final miles skirted the hills belw Stanners Nab and the impressive 19th-century grandeur f Peckfrtn Castle. The finish f ur walk drew near — lfty Beestn Crag tpped with the ruins f Beestn Castle. Built in the 1220s by Ranulf de Blndeville, 6th Earl f Chester, it is well wrth a visit. Inside is the famus castle well, a pssible hiding place f Richard II’s treasure, which drps a dark and dizzying 365ft int the hill.
Fact File
·Distance/ Difficulty: 14 miles; mderate; sme steep climbs.
·Start: Bickertn Hill car park (SY14 8LN).
·Finish: Beestn Castle (CW6 9TX).
·Getting there: Take Trains t Whitchurch r Chester first. Get n the bus running between the tw (nt n Sundays) befre getting ff at Duckingtn and walking less than a mile t the start.
·Lunch: The Pheasant Inn, Higher Burwardsley.
40．Which f the fllwing rute maps crrectly illustrates the walking path?
A．[Bickertn Hill] → [Raw Head] → [Beestn Castle] → [The Pheasant Inn]
B．[Bickertn Hill] → [Bulkeley Hill] → [Beestn Castle] → [Raw Head]
C．[Maiden Castle] → [Peckfrtn Castle] → [Beestn Castle] → [The Pheasant Inn]
D．[Bickertn Hill] → [Raw Head] → [The Pheasant Inn] → [Beestn Castle]
41．What is special abut Beestn Castle accrding t the passage?
A．It is the highest pint f the entire Sandstne Trail.
B．It was nce the hme f the 18th-century hermit Jhn Harris.
C．It features a very deep well that might cntain ryal treasure.
D．It was built in the 19th century and is famus fr its wdlands.
42．This passage is mst likely taken frm ________.
A．a gegraphic survey reprtB．a lcal travel magazine
C．a physical training blgD．an archaelgy research paper
(C)
Running is ften tiring and a lt f hard wrk, but nthing beats the feeling yu get after finishing a lng wrkut arund the track.
But while it’s lng been believed that endrphins (内啡肽) — chemicals in the bdy that cause happiness — are behind the s-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be mre t this phenmenn than we previusly knew.
Accrding t a recent study published by a grup f scientists frm several German universities, a grup f chemicals called endcannabinids (内源性大麻素) may actually be respnsible fr this familiar great feeling.
T test this thery, the scientists turned t mice. Bth mice and humans release high levels f endrphins and endcannabinids after exercise. After exercising n running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed n signs f anxiety. But after being given a drug t blck their endrphins, the mice’s behavir didn’t seem t change. Hwever, when their endcannabinids were blcked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptms seemed t fade.
“The lng-held ntin f endrphins being respnsible fr the runner’s high is false. Endrphins are effective pain relievers, but nly when it cmes t the pain in yur bdy and muscles yu feel after wrking ut,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrte n science blg Lifehacker.
Similar studies are yet t be carried ut n humans, but it’s already knwn that exercise is a highly effective way t get rid f stress r anxiety. The UK’s Natinal Health Service even prescribes exercise t patients wh are suffering frm depressin. “Being depressed can leave yu feeling lw in energy, which might put yu ff being mre active. Regular exercise can imprve yur md if yu have depressin, and it’s especially useful fr peple with mild t mderate depressin,” it wrte n its website.
It seems like nthing can beat that feeling we get after a gd wrkut, even if we dn’t fully understand where it cmes frm. At least if we’re feeling dwn, we knw that all we have t d is t put n ur running shes.
43．What did scientists frm German universities recently discver?
A．Wrking ut is a highly effective way t treat depressin.
B．The runner’s high culd be caused by endcannabinids.
C．Endrphins may cntribute t ne’s high spirits after running.
D．The level f endrphins and endcannabinids culd affect ne’s md.
44．Why did the scientists give mice drugs in their experiment?
A．T identify what is respnsible fr the runner’s high.
B．T see the specific symptms f the runner’s high.
C．T find what reduces the runner’s high symptms.
D．T test what influences the level f endcannabinids released.
45．What des the underlined wrd “ntin” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Effect.B．Gal.C．Opinin.D．Questin.
46．What can we knw abut regular wrkuts accrding t the UK’s Natinal Health Service?
A．They tend t make depressed patients feel mre energetic immediately.
B．They are prescribed mainly fr patients with severe mental disrders.
C．They perfrm better in curing peple with mild t mderate depressin.
D．They can help ease depressin symptms.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Frm Selling Bks t Selling Life
Frm the largest female bkstre in Eurpe t the first detective nvel stre in Eurpe, frm independent bkstres t large chain nes, Charing Crss Rad is the mst famus bkstre street in Lndn. 84 Charing Crss Rad, published in 1970, tells the stry f the New Yrk wman writer Helene Hanff and the Lndn bkseller Frank Percy Del. 47 Charing Crss Rad has thus becme a cultural landmark in Lndn, attracting many literary enthusiasts and turists with its unique literary charm.
Hwever, tday’s situatin is n lnger the same. With the clsing f a number f chain bkstres, sme independent bkstres have begun t think abut hw t cntinue the British literary traditin with dignity. 48
Judging frm the current business mdel, thse wh can survive are cmpleting the transitin frm selling bks t selling life. As the largest independent bkstre in the United Kingdm, Waterstne is currently underging design changes by LDS, a British architectural firm. Architect Alex said they fcused n imprving custmer experience and planned t build multiple spaces. “We will have sme small rms full f bks, like private study rms, in which ne can discuss his wrks with the authr.” The fcus f the future physical bkstre is n creating an atmsphere. 49 Bksellers and authrs generally believe that bkstres must develp in the directin f a cultural cmplex s that peple cme here fr a lt f activities, attending cncerts, watching mvies, r participating in discussins.
Sme writers say that physical bkstres can expand their business beynd selling bks and prvide cultural services t custmers. Others believe that bkstres can adpt a membership system. 50 Crrespnding membership activities are cnducted fr children and students, and visiting bkstres shuld becme part f the daily lives f mre peple as a cultural leisure methd.
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
51．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Art Gallery Visits
The lasting rainy winter is a seasn that feels heavy with depressin. Luckily, I have a way t escape frm the winter blues — visiting art galleries. Engaging with art clsely, particularly in winter, is a life enhancer and a relief frm lneliness, sadness, and frustratin.
When viewing things we find beautiful, activity in the pleasure and reward centres f the brain ges up. S when I dn't have the time, r energy t take n challenging new themes in the gallery, I return t the cmfrt f my favurites: the blue in David Hckney's swimming pl, Agnes Martin's faint, delicate lines, r Jhn Cnstable's cludy Brightn summers. The cmfrting prperties f these artwrks are best experienced during winter.
And did yu knw that even n the busiest f days, in the busiest galleries, there is ptential fr mindfulness? Mindfulness is hard t catch fr me — my head feels like a mix f shpping lists, decade-ld angers, and randm sng bits I can't name, but time spent in a gallery is the clsest I get t being truly present. Part f this is dwn t "slw lking”, the practice f taking time t really absrb an artwrk rather than giving it a glance, reading the accmpanying descriptin, having anther quick lk and mving n. The experience can be pwerful and infrmative.
Often, I visit galleries alne t gather my thughts. I just want the cmpany f frm, clur, material. But smetimes I'll take my daughter. T me, jy was walking her and watching as her eyes widened in curisity, tiny fingers pinting: "D yu see what I see?” Telling her: "Yes ... but als n.” That we all see these things in a different way is such an imprtant lessn that reaches int every part f ur lives. Remembering that perceptin is persnal is precius fr me. This knwledge keeps me in a gd state.
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V. Translatin (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52．图书馆里有海量的读物供我们选择。（vast）

53．究竟是什么激发他学习电子工程的积极性无从得知。我们不妨等着瞧。（There is ...）

54．骑车环游小岛，落日的景色如此美轮美奂，让我挪不开眼。(tear)

55．摄影师细致记录了这栋精美的木构建筑，为这份文化遗产的修复提供了重要参考。(prvide)

VI. Guided Writing （25分）
56．Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw.
假设你是风华中学高三学生李华。你所在的学校“创意社团(the Creative Sciety)”正在策划一项面向大宁社区青年的推广活动(a prmtin campaign)，现有三个备选项目：
① 推广一个城市漫步主题路线(a Citywalk theme rute)；
② 推广一个“旧物改造”环保工作坊(an “Upcycling” envirnmental wrkshp)；
③ 推广一个社区“技能交换”平台(a cmmunity “Skill Swap” platfrm)。
请你给社团委员会(the Sciety Bard)写一封信，提交你的想法。信中必须包含：
1. 你选择推广的一个项目；
2. 你选择该项目的理由；
3. 你的详细推广计划。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. manufacture B. precise C. ptentially D. detect E. stable F. perate
G. applicatin H. unique I. assembly J. phenmenn K. enhance
A．Ever since, adaptatins brught the bk t new audiences and were incredibly ppular, thugh they received mixed critical reviews.
B．In additin t discunts, members are given the pprtunity t attend lectures, literary gatherings and meetings with authrs.
C．Recently, British bk agents, writers, bkshp peratrs and ther grups gathered here t explre the survival mdel f the future bkstre.
D．After translatins int several languages, bradcasting, stage plays, and mvies cntinue t interpret this friendship based n bks.
E．The literary lifestyle f the British, which is deep rted in its natinal character, is bund t survive the crisis f existence.
F．Therefre, bars and cafes are an essential part f the bkstre t imprve the cmprehensive experience fr visitrs.