高考英语二轮讲义句子成分与句子类型（掌握语法大骨架）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义句子成分与句子类型（掌握语法大骨架）（学生版），共12页。

模块一：课前热身练
模块二：核心考点梳理：句子成分
模块三：核心考点梳理：句子类型
模块四：当堂限时检测
模块一
课前热身练
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibitin at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwrk inspired by G, r weiqi in Chinese, 1 riginated in China mre than 4,000 years ag.
G is ne f 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The mvements f the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas f Eastern philsphy, accrding t Tu Ningning, wh is in charge f the exhibitin.
“The exhibitin brings tgether G culture, cutting-edge technlgy and cntemprary art,” says Tu. “We hpe 3 (present)the rather abstract G game and AI in a visual cntext, and initiate dialgues with minimalist art, cnceptual art and expressinism.”
“In a G game, each mve shuld serve a lng-term gal. Yu try t lead the ppnent int yur trap and frce them t fllw yur ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lse,” explains Wang Wei, a G player amng the visitrs t the exhibitin.
“The players’ persnalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and ne’s weaknesses are expsed t the ppnent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) t beat the ppnent 7 n mre than ne r tw pints as a gesture (姿态) f respect fr the ther side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement f the pieces, 9 the energy flw fllwing each mve inspired artists t create il paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints fr the exhibitin.
模块二
核心考点梳理：句子成分
1. 主要成分与次要成分总览
2. 具体句子成分详解
3. 独立成分简表
11．As kids want t see Las Vegas and all (it) many attractins, we are ging t spend ur summer hliday there this year.
12．After wrking fr several weeks, she felt cmpletely burned and needed a break.
13．He had t that it was nt easy t gain t the Buckingham Palace. (admit)
14．Frankly (speak), I think yur prnunciatin shuld be imprved.
15．This is a fine bk: a wrthy (add) t the series.
16．We use “ ” (elder ) as a plite way f saying that smene is ld.
17．My parents will mve back int twn in a year r .
18．She started the Ladybug Fundatin, a(n) (rgan) aiming at getting rid f hmelessness.
19．All the passengers were mre less wunded in the accident that happened in the highway.
20．Hw yu think seamen fund their way befre mdern accurate methds f navigatin were invented?
21．We live (rugh) halfway between here and the cast.
22． (cnclude), we have full cnfidence in an even brighter future f Asia. Let’s wrk tgether t make it a reality.
23．The career yu have defines yur life, s taking time t think abut it is an essential exercise fr yung peple.
24．The river flds every winter, and this year was exceptin.
25．Thugh she cmes frm a big city, she still keeps the traditin f wrking hard.
26．Sarah, a (represent) f the marketing department, will hst the meeting.
27．The hrse, resting r n the mve, ffered him plenty f inspiratin. (用适当的的词填空)
28．The Chinese knt, a very beautiful Chinese (decrate), is usually hung in the sitting rm f ur hme.
29．Persnally (speak), listening t bks shuld nly serve as an aid t ur study.
30．Hw d yu (evaluate) yur bss?
模块三
核心考点梳理：句子类型
31．“I bught a new cmputer.” 属于以下哪种句子结构?______
A．SVOC (主谓宾宾补)B．SVO(主谓宾)C．SP(主系表)D．SV(主谓)
32．句子 “My sister tld me a lng stry.”中，a lng stry 是什么句子成分?
A．主语B．直接宾语C．宾语补足语D．状语
33．Finishing my hmewrk in ne hur is nw a thing f the past.
A．SVOB．SVC．SVPD．SVOiOd
34．The universe is getting larger at an exceedingly high speed.
A．SVB．SVOC．SVPD．SVOC
35．Which f the sentences fllws the same structure with “My brthers are all cllege students”?
A．The schl adviser helped me chse suitable subjects.
B．Mr. Wang used t teach himself Japanese.
C．His gal is t lk after hmeless children.
D．He is lking fr prblems n his brken car.
36．句子成分分析正确的一项是：（ ）
He bught me sme interesting English nvels.
A．S＋V＋O+ AB．S＋V＋DO+ IOC．S＋V＋IO+ DOD．S+V+O+C
37．Our schl ftball team achieved an unbelievable success because f their persistence. ( )
A．S+V+A+OB．S+V+O+AC．S+C+O+AD．S+V+P+A
38．I fund an ld man walking his dg in the park all the afternn. ( )
A．S＋V＋O＋P＋AB．S＋V＋O＋A＋C
C．S＋V＋O＋C＋AD．S＋V＋P+O＋A
39．The sentence structure f “He lent me a bk.” is ________
A．S+V+OB．S+V+IO+DOC．S+V+O+OCD．S+V+P
40．Her father handed her a letter.
A．S+V+DO+OCB．S+V+IO+DOC．SVCD．SVP
41．Weather matters a great deal.
A．SVPB．SVOC．SVOAD．SVA
42．Which ne f the fllwing sentences uses the sentence structure f“主+谓+宾+状”?
A．I find it impssible t finish the task in time.
B．They are talking abut the film at the meeting.
C．We have realized the imprtance f English.
D．I will tell my friends this exciting news.
43．“I drank a cup f cffee befre I left fr schl this mrning.”该句所属句子基本类型“________”。
A．主语+谓语+宾语+状语B．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
C．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语D．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
44．One f the mst imprtant things we must d is t make sure that children wh are affected by the disease receive the help and care that they need.
A．主 谓 表B．主 谓 宾C．主 谓 宾 宾补D．主 谓 宾 宾
45．Yesterday, I saw Mr. Green leave the building with a bk in hand.
A．SVPB．SVOiOdC．SVOCD．SVO
46．The bss ffered me a jb.这句话的结构是_______.
A．主+谓+宾B．主+谓+间宾+直宾C．主+谓+直宾+间宾D．主系表
47．I didn’t understand the meaning f his wrds.这句话的结构是_______
A．主+谓+宾+宾补B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+间宾+直宾D．主+系+表
48．The bss ffered me a jb. The structure f this sentence is “___________”.
A．S+V+PB．S+V+IO+DOC．S+V+OD．S+V
49．I painted the wall white.
A．SVOB．SVPC．S+V+DO+OCD．S+V+IO+DO
50．Which ne f the fllwing sentences uses the sentence structure f “主+谓+宾+状”?
A．I find it impssible t finish the task in time.B．They are talking abut the film at the meeting.
C．We have realized the imprtance f English.D．I will tell my friends t prtect the trees
模块四
当堂检测
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have yu ever cked rice fr yur parents? Fr many Chinese, a meal is simply incmplete 1 rice. Cking rice des nt seem that 2 (cmplicatin). There are many ways thrugh which yu can ck rice. Yu can d s with the help f the rice cker.
Rice cmes in different 3 (variety). Althugh the same rule f cking applies t all types f rice grains, there are certain differences, particularly in the very amunt f water 4 is needed t get the grains cked.
Yu can add as many cups f rice as yu need fr yur meal. First, yu shuld wash the rice, fr thse impurities are required 5 (remve). Then add water. And 6 a general rule, yu need t add ne and a half cups f water fr every cup f rice. Hwever, this measurement 7 (differ) basing n the types f grains.
Use a rice cker t ck the rice. Cver 8 cking pt and place it in the rice cker. Plug the cker, switch it n and leave the rice t ck. Dn’t remve the lid (盖子) t prevent the steam 9 (escape) the pt. The rice cker will 10 (autmatic) turn itself ff nce the temperature in the pt ges beynd biling pint. Yu can add salt and ther grains t rice t enhance its flavr.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back in the Ming and Qing dynasties, mst families in Huangya were quite wealthy frm merchant businesses, s they attached imprtance 1 twn and husing frtificatin (防御), with the purpse f defending 2 (they) against enemy attackers and burglars. As a result, the twn has a clever design, equipped with superb defensive features.
There are fur main gates t the twn and street gates t each street. The eight streets are linked t the main street, 3 were all built with T-intersectins rather than intersectins, develping a maze-like system. The East Gate Twer, 4 (date) back t the early Qing Dynasty, is the best preserved and mst secure gate twer in Huangya. 5 (design) with penings fr lking ut, the twer acted as a defensive structure, while the Yajiang River served as a mat (护城河).
The design f traditinal lcal residential cmplexes als shws a strng awareness f defense. A typical aspect f this philsphy is 6 families in the same clan (家族) tended t build their huses arund 7 ancestral hall, s that they were clse enugh 8 (care) fr and supprt each ther.
The Gu’s Residence is ne f the best-preserved residential cmplexes in Huangya. Cvering an area f ver 500 square meters, it is a typical curtyard-style dwelling. The residence 9 (main) cnsists f a frnt hall, a curtyard, a main hall and several bedrms. In the past, a plaque (牌匾) 10 (present) by the imperial curt during the reign f Daguang Emperr in the Qing Dynasty, applauding the Gu family’s harmnius family envirnment. This plaque still remains in the cmplex.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A traditinal Chinese cultural exhibitin at the City Art Gallery is shwcasing wrks inspired by Chinese shadw puppetry (皮影戏) , 1 has a histry f ver 2,000 years in China.
Chinese shadw puppetry is ne f 2 mst ancient frms f strytelling thrugh visual art. The vivid images f characters and the stries they tell reflect the wisdm and values f Chinese flk culture, accrding t Lin Hua, the curatr (馆长) f the exhibitin.
“The exhibitin cmbines shadw puppetry culture, mdern technlgy and cntemprary art,” says Lin. “We hpe 3 (shw) the charm f this traditinal art in a new way, and start cnversatins with mdern art frms like installatin art, multimedia art and pp art.”
“In a shadw puppetry perfrmance, each mvement f the puppets is carefully designed. The perfrmers use their skills t guide the puppets, leading the audience int a wrld 4 (fill) with myths and legends,” explains Chen Lei, a shadw puppetry perfrmer participating in the exhibitin.
“The perfrmers’ emtins 5 (cnvey) thrugh the puppets’ actins, and their understanding f the stries is presented t the audience,” she adds. “A skilled perfrmer always 6 (try) t make the perfrmance tuching, nt just by the skills, 7 als by the deep cnnectin with the stry.”
Lin says that the unique shapes f the shadw puppets, the beauty in the 8 (careful) arranged strylines, and the cultural meanings behind each character inspired artists t create paintings, sculptures, 9 digital artwrks fr the exhibitin. These wrks aim t let mre peple appreciate the charm f Chinese shadw puppetry in the cntext f mdern art, 10 (bridge) the gap between traditin and mdernity.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have yu heard abut the tiger wh went t the dentist? It may sund like a jke, but tigers need dental care just as a human 1 (d), because their sharp teeth are vital fr catching animals and eating. If a tiger has tth truble, it’s a serius prblem, and that’s 2 the tiger went t the dentist.
A big cat with bad teeth is ften visited either by a dctr in the animal shelter 3 by a tiger dentist in the wildlife park. In May 2021, dentists were called 4 (assist) Skah, a 190-kilgram Bengal tiger at Linclnshire Wildlife Park, with a 5 (damage) tth. A rt canal surgery was perfrmed by 14 medical 6 (prfessinal), wh remved the infectin and fitted a filling in the peratin that lasted ver fur hurs and 7 (present) nline. Barrn Hall, an animal dentist at the Natinal Z in Washingtn, D．C．, explained that the jb wasn’t as scary as it might sund. “I am mre cncerned abut the tiger nt waking up 8 her ding any type f damage t me.”
With the ppulatins f tigers in the wild still 9 (drp) due t climate change and habitat lss, the success f breeding (饲养) prgrams, where tiger dentists play a vital rle in 10 (prtect) fr the tigers frm extinctin, is crucial.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As China’s glbal influence grws, s des interest in 1 (it) rich traditins — including the culture f tea, which carries stries, values, and philsphies 2 (pass) dwn fr generatins.
The experience f drinking Chinese tea abrad is nt nly abut flavr; it als ffers a sense f calm and 3 (cnnect). It is this emtinal and cultural depth 4 makes tea different frm many ther glbal beverages. One majr gvernment-backed prgram aims t intrduce traditinal tea culture t the wrld. Events under this initiative have been held in mre than 30 cuntries, each 5 (feature) ceremnies, lectures, and tastings.
At a 2023 event in Berlin, the Chinese tea master’s graceful mvements deeply impressed the audience, many f 6 had never seen such a ceremny befre. Since then, the prject 7 (functin) as a reminder fr many yung Chinese peple f the value f their heritage. As a result, dmestic interest in tea studies has grwn in recent years, 8 (especial) amng university students.
Tea, like music r art, is smething that can even 9 (share) withut translatin. Villages in Yunnan and Fujian, are nw welcming travelers eager t learn abut tea. These places, gradually, are being rid 10 utdated labels, as tea brings them bth pride and prsperity.
成分类型
包含成分
核心作用
主要成分
主语、谓语
构成句子基本骨架，表达核心语义
次要成分
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
补充说明主要成分，丰富句子细节
独立成分
感叹语、呼语、插入语
与全句无语法关系，表达情感或补充说明
成分名称
定义
常见位置
典型形式
示例
主语
句子叙述的主体
一般句首；there be / 疑问句 / 倒装句中位于谓语后
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、主语从句
Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）When we will test hasn't been decided.（主语从句）
谓语
说明主语的动作或状态
主语之后
简单谓语（动词 / 动词短语）；复合谓语（情态动词 + 动词原形 / 系动词 + 表语）
He runs every mrning.（简单谓语）Yu may keep the bk.（复合谓语）We are students.（系表结构复合谓语）
表语
说明主语的身份、特征、状态
系动词后（be/becme/get 等）
名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、介词短语、从句
The weather turned cld.（形容词）His jb is t teach.（不定式）The truth is that he lied.（表语从句）
宾语
动作的对象或承受者
及物动词 / 介词后
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句
I enjy listening t music.（动名词）He said he wuld cme.（宾语从句）
宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的动作或状态
宾语之后
名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句
We elected him mnitr.（名词）I saw her entering.（现在分词）Keep the rm clean.（形容词）
定语
修饰名词或代词
被修饰词前 / 后
形容词、分词、名词、代词、不定式、动名词、介词短语
a beautiful city（形容词）develping cuntry（现在分词）a bk abut histry（介词短语）
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句
句首 / 句中 / 句末
副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、名词、从句
He lives in Beijing.（地点状语，介词短语）Wrk hard t pass the exam.（目的状语，不定式）If it rains, we'll stay.（条件状语从句）
同位语
对名词 / 代词进行补充说明
被说明词后
名词、代词
We students shuld study hard.（students 是 we 的同位语）We all are here.（all 是 we 的同位语）
类型
定义
示例
感叹语
表达突然情感，可在句首 / 中 / 末
Oh! What a surprise!Lk! Here cmes the bus.
呼语
对听话人的称呼
Madam, can I help yu?Waiter, a cup f tea.
插入语
说明句子表达方式，可插入 / 后置
The by, I think, is frm China.T be hnest, I dn't agree.
句子成分口诀：
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
句子结构类型
结构公式
核心说明
例句
主谓
主语＋谓语（SV）
谓语为不及物动词，无需接宾语即可表达完整意义
The dr clsed. The sun was shining.
主谓宾
主语＋谓语＋宾语（SVO）
谓语为及物动词或短语动词，必须接宾语
We teach English. Wh knws the man?
主系表
主语＋连系动词＋表语（SVP）
谓语为系动词，表语说明主语特征或状态
This is an English-Chinese dictinary. The flwer smells sweet.
主谓宾宾
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（SVOO）
谓语带双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物，可转换为 “谓＋直宾＋t/fr＋间宾”
Mr. Smith lent me his car. （=Mr. Smith lent his car t me.）
主谓宾补
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语（SVOC）
谓语为可带复合宾语的及物动词，宾语与补语存在逻辑主谓 / 主表关系
The news made us surprised. We saw him ut.
主谓状
主语＋谓语＋状语（SVA）
谓语为不及物动词，必须带状语才能使结构完整、意义明确
They lived in Beijing. The girl disappeared in the distance.
主谓宾状
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语（SVOA）
谓语为及物动词，需接宾语且宾语后必须带状语
She cvered her face with her hands. She put all the bks n the desk.
存现句
there＋be / 不及物动词＋主语
there 为引导词无实义，谓语动词与就近主语保持单复数一致
There is a small pl at the ft f the muntain. There lived a temple n the hill.