2024-2025学年湖北省部分市州高二上学期期末质量监测英语试卷（学生版）

这是一份2024-2025学年湖北省部分市州高二上学期期末质量监测英语试卷（学生版），共9页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
NEW DISCOVERIES
Lasting marks f stress
Fr humans, scientists nce made a “cumulative adversity index (累积逆境指数)”, which describes the amunt f adversity a persn experiences as a child. Nw, scientists have made a similar ne t study the influence f early-life stress n marmts (土拨鼠) living in Clrad, US, reprted Live Science. The marmts index brings tgether eclgical, parental and scial challenges. The index will help peple imprve the survival chances f endangered animals in the wild.
Life surce deep dwn
Peple have lng believed that plants make mst f the wrld’s xygen using sunlight. But nw, scientists have discvered that xygen can als be prduced deep in the cean ut f sunlight r plants, nted Science Alert. This ccurs n the seaflr where special rcks called plymetallic ndules (多金属结核) are fund. These rcks help create an electrical reactin that can split (分解) water int hydrgen and xygen.The discvery can cntribute t ur understandings f the impact f deep-sea mining.
Feast fr the eyes
Why is it easy t vereat at a buffet? A study published in Science Direct, an nline academic database, has fund that fd waste at buffets may be caused by cgnitive verlad. When there are a lt f different fds, diners ften want t try a variety f dishes ut f fear f missing ut. Peple may end up chsing fds they like less, which cntributes t fd waste.
Pwer f perceptin
A grundbreaking study featured in Science News has revealed the prfund impact f perceptin n fd waste behavir, particularly in the cntext f husehld fd dispsal. The research dug int the realm f psychlgical factrs, shwing that attitudes, perceptins, and emtins are the pivtal drivers behind the minimizatin f fd waste. This discvery nt nly enriches ur understanding f cnsumer behavir but als paves the way fr mre effective strategies in the glbal fight against fd waste.
1. What is the significance f the marmts index study?
A. Tracking marmt intelligence.B. Evaluatin climate impact n species.
C. Increasing survival chances.D. Measuring mnitr ppulatin grwth.
2. What is a shared insight frm the last tw studies?
A. Fear f missing ut leads t waste.
B. Buffets and husehlds waste fd equally.
C. Cgnitive verlad is exclusive t buffets.
D. Fd waste is related t psychlgical factrs.
3. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. An academic article.B. An exam paper.
C. A culture magazine.D. A curse plan.
B
Earlier this year, I was lking fr part-time wrk. Mnmilk, a cake and ice cream shp nearby, was hiring, s I went in fr a trial shift (轮班). While I riginally just set ut t earn sme extra mney during the summer, the bnds and memries I made there turned ut t be mre valuable than any paycheck.
Once, a man wh wrks fr the unin f the lcal mvie theater came in t place an rder. He wanted a cake t celebrate a victry he’d had in stpping the theater frm being kicked ut by its landlrd. Mnmilk’s wner was tuched by the stry and refused payment fr the cake. Later, the unin leader — s mved by the gesture — delivered free mvie tickets t Mnmilk staff. The lder wmen custmers are amng my favrites. Their cncern is pignant; they ften wnder if I’m Okay and tell me I lk tired.
One regular, always alne and smiling, is kind and generus, always declaring we have the best ice cream in the city. There’s als the guy wh cmes frequently t ask if we have the chclate range flavr — that we nly ever have at Christmas. I always have t say n, but his persistence brings me jy, especially n days when I’m tired. As with any jb, there are unpleasant mments. My wrist ften hurts frm repeatedly scping ut ice cream, and it’s always annying when a grup f peple cme in and take way t lng t rder, hlding up all the thers waiting. Wrse still,in the fall, my full-time jb’s schedule becmes mre demanding and I knw I’ll have t scale back my shifts. I will run int my favrite custmers less ften.
But my experience wrking at Mnmilk has ffered much mre than just a paycheck. It has helped me feel mre cnnected t my lcal cmmunity. The interactins and cnnectins I’ve made will sustain me until at least next summer.
4. What initially drew the authr t wrk at Mnmilk?
A. A lve fr cake and ice cream. B. The chance t earn extra mney.
C. A persnal cnnectin t the shp.D. The manager’s engaging persnality.
5. What des the underlined wrd “pignant” in paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A. Heartwarming. B. Surprising. C. Distracting. D. Embarrassing.
6. What truble des the authr encunter at wrk?
A. Bad-tasting ice cream. B. Far-ff jb destinatin.
C. Cnstant physical pain. D. Numerus custmer demands.
7. What lasting effect des the jb at Mnmilk have n the authr?
A. Renewed purpse awareness. B. Strengthened scial participatin.
C. Advanced financial independence. D. Imprved wrking cmpetence.
C
Thinking thrugh prblems can be challenging, but there are ways t becme fairer and mre bjective. One such methd is illeism (第三人称叙述法), an ancient strategy where ne speaks abut neself in the third persn rather than the first. Fr example, Julius Caesar used it in his writings, “Caesar defended the public” instead f “I defended the public.” This subtle switch gives the statement an air f fairness. Thugh it may seem strange tday, psychlgical research suggests it brings cgnitive benefits by helping t separate emtins frm decisin-making.
T understand hw illeism aids decisin-making, we must explre hw scientists, like Igr Grssmann, measure wisdm. Grssmann identified key cmpnents f wise reasning,such as mdesty and cnsidering ther viewpints. His research demnstrated that wise reasning can predict life satisfactin and scial relatinship quality. Hwever, Grssmann als fund that peple are better at making wise decisins fr thers than fr themselves — a phenmenn he called Slmn’s Paradx, after the Biblical king wh was wise in advising thers but struggled with his wn decisins.
Culd illeism help slve Slmn’s Paradx? Grssmann’s studies suggest it can. By talking abut ur prblems in the third persn, we gain distance, helping us t see the bigger picture. This helps t calm dwn emtins that might cnfuse ur thinking. In a study with Ethan Krss, peple using illeism shwed mre humility and made better decisins, suggesting that the practice helps peple think mre wisely.
Grssmann’s latest research shws that regular use f illeism can have lasting benefits. Participants wh wrte in the third persn daily saw imprvements in wise reasning and emtinal regulatin. This suggests that illeism helps us manage stress and apprach challenges mre thughtfully, which I nw apply t all areas f my life.
8. Why did Julius Caesar use illeism in his writings?
A. T verstate his achievements.
B. T simplify the language fr his audience.
C. T appear mre persnal and apprachable.
D. T make his statements sund mre factual.
9. What is Slmn’s Paradx described in the article?
A. The ability t make decisins withut emtin.
B. The skill f reasning wisely in persnal matters.
C. The tendency t give better advice t thers than t neself.
D. The strategy f using third-persn perspective in decisin-making.
10. What des the research by Grssmann reveal n the regular use f illeism?
A. It wrsens emtinal respnses.
B. It is unrelated t life satisfactin.
C. It is nly beneficial fr public speaking.
D. It helps manage stress and make decisins.
11. What is the primary fcus f the article?
A. The use f illeism by histrical figures.
B. A psychlgical strategy t imprve decisin-making.
C. The influence f language n emtinal expressin.
D. A cmparisn between first-persn and third-persn speech.
D
Germany is at the frefrnt f a green energy revlutin with the rise f balcny slar panels. These lightweight, plug-and-play panels are nt nly affrdable but als easy t install, allwing everyday citizens t generate their wn electricity.
In Germany, individual panels can be bught fr as lw as 200 eurs, and cmplete sets are abut twice that cst. New laws prevent landlrds frm blcking slar panel installatins (安装) and simplify registratin requirements, making persnal slar systems mre attractive. There is a grwing diversity f users, including lder peple and adult wmen, and many are yung families cncerned abut climate change. Mst f the slar panels are prduced in China, which has dminated the glbal industry and reduced csts. Waltraud Brg, a Berlin rétiree, was delighted t install several n her balcny after discvering them at a sustainability trade fair. “It’s thrilling t be mre independent,” she said. Each panel prduces enugh pwer fr a laptp r a small fridge, and ver 500,000 systems have been set up acrss Germany.
The bm in slar panel use is partly due t new laws that have eased installatin regulatins. As part f its push t mve away frm dependence n Russian natural gas, the Eurpean Unin is lking t quadruple (变成四倍) the amunt f pwer generated thrugh phtvltaic (光伏) surces by 2030, t 600 gigawatts (吉瓦). Germany aims t reach a third f that amunt by the same year. In the first half f this year, Germany added 90 gigawatts f phtvltaic capacity, accrding t Rystad Energy.
The s-called plug-in systems cnvert the direct current frm the panels t alternating current fr hme use. Janik Nlden, funder f Slag, a German start-up, nted that mst custmers prefer t install the panels themselves. His cmpany has grwn rapidly, shipping prducts acrss Germany and int Austria. Plug-in slar panels are als gaining ppularity in ther Eurpean cuntries, with pricés drpping steadily.
Small-scale batteries have been intrduced, allwing users t stre electricity fr later use. Apps let users mnitr their energy prductin, which has becme a ppular pastime, sparking friendly cmpetitin amng neighbrs. Thmas Lsch, initially skeptical, became fascinated with slar pwer after seeing a neighbr’s setup. He nw checks his app every mrning t see hw much energy is being generated. “I am cmpletely hked,” he said. “It’s a gd feeling t d my bit fr the envirnment.”
12. What advantages d balcny slar panels have based n the passage?
A. They are primarily intended fr use by the yung.
B. They have fully replaced traditinal pwer systems.
C. They are cst-effective and applied in every aspect f life.
D. They can cut emissins, save n bills, and gain plicy supprt.
13. What will be Germany’s achievement in phtvltaic capacity by 2030?
A. 90 gigawatts.B. 150 gigawatts.C. 200 gigawatts.D. 600 gigawatts.
14. Hw d small-scale batteries bst the use f balcny slar panels?
A. Enable energy strage fr future use. B. Perfect cmpetitin atmsphere.
C. Mnitr batteries’ charging prcess. D. Decrease slar panel efficiency.
15. Which f the fllwing titles is the mst suitablefr the passage?
A. EU's 2030 Slar Pwer Gals
B. Small-scale batteries Dminate Market
C. Balcny Slar Panels: A German Revlutin
D. Slar Energy: Ecnmic and Envirnmental Impact
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Peple are cnfident in their pinins even when they knw little
In a debate, if yu strngly feel yu’re right, yu may actually be wrng, a study shws. Yu may be experiencing what scientists call an “illusin (错觉) f infrmatin adequacy”. The study, published in the jurnal PLOS ONE, was cnducted by a team f scientists frm the US. ____16____
The team cnducted an nline experiment invlving 1,261 participants frm the US. The participants were divided int three grups, each reading an article abut a fictinal schl that lacked water. The article fr the first grup presented nly reasns why the schl shuld be integrated with anther that had sufficient merger. ____17____ Bth said they were just as well-infrmed as anyne else, and that mst ther peple wuld make the same chice as they did. In the third grup, 55 percent supprted the merger while 45 percent were against it.
“____18____” Angus Fletcher, ne f the scientists, explained t Ppular Science, “This makes us tend t think that we have all the crucial facts abut a decisin, leaping t cnfident cnclusins and decisive judgments. ____19____”
Interestingly, after being presented with all the facts, many participants in the first tw grups changed their minds. ____20____ This shwed that, when given mre cmprehensive infrmatin, peple may be willing t change their pinins. Hwever, as nted by Ppular Science, changing deeply rted views n mre cmplex tpics can be much mre challenging.
A. But the secnd disagreed.
B. In fact, we are missing necessary infrmatin.
C. Nevertheless, the third grup changed their minds t.
D. This results in a mix f pinins similar t thse f the third grup.
E. The less ur brain knws, the mre cnfidently it knws all it needs t knw.
F. Scientists think “illusin f infrmatin adequacy” makes fr ur mutual cperatin.
G. They believe this “illusin” may cntribute t misunderstandings and cnflicts in ur lives.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A few years ag, we bught a mdel Leg set fr my dad’s birthday, hping t cmbine his lve fr architecture with family time. Each evening, my dad and I ____21____ the large dining table t plan ur line f attack. We faced thusands f ____22____ white pieces, each packaged with precisin in numbered plastic bags, ____23____ by a thick instructin bklet.
We were amazed by hw ____24____ the mdel was. We als realized the bklet itself was a wrk f art, beautiful, but als surprisingly ____25____ and clear. It prvided us with the cmfrt f ____26____. We knew if we fllwed all the ____27____, we wuld end up with a mde hat lked ____28____ like the picture n the bx. If we made a mistake, all we had t d was ____29____ ur steps, flip back the pages and start again.
Life, hwever, des nt _____30_____ tgether s neatly and _____31_____ prvides us with such clear instructins. We talked ver ur respective lives, decisins made, and actins and chices never _____32_____. We think we have the ability f _____33_____ ur life, but ur chices are shaped by _____34_____ beynd ur cntrl. In the face f uncertainty, we have t_____35_____, trusting bth in the prcess and the end result.
21. A. gathered arundB. sided withC. lived ffD. straightened up
22. A. vastB. tinyC. relevantD. riginal
23. A. favredB. accmpaniedC. transfrmedD. cvered
24. A. impracticalB. uniqueC. cmplexD. dull
25. A. rdinaryB. abstractC. meaninglessD. detailed
26. A. certaintyB. relaxatinC. insecurityD. cmpetitin
27. A. assessmentsB. circumstancesC. instructinsD. inferences
28. A. initiallyB. ultimatelyC. exactlyD. partly
29. A. recycleB. retraceC. revealD. recall
30. A. fitB. ccupyC. shiftD. invlve
31. A. fundamentallyB. merelyC. slightlyD. rarely
32. A. mtivatedB. declinedC. ppsedD. taken
33. A. cntrllingB. designingC. analyzingD. funding
34. A. raysB. frcesC. shadwsD. instances
35. A. prceedB. succeedC. predictD. interrupt
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式。
The Olympic rings n the Eiffel Twer became a big feature f the Paris Olympics, attracting____36____ (crwd) f visitrs between July 26 and Aug 11, ____37____ came t take phts with the eye-catching display in the backgrund. T keep the festive spirit alive, Mayr Anne Hidalg annunced plans t leave the Olympic rings n the Eiffel Twer ____38____ (permanent) in early September.
Hwever, the 30-tn rings prved t heavy t stay n the twer. Hidalg suggested creating a lighter versin instead, but the prpsal caused many heated ____39____ (argue). “They were a bit large, s it’s better ____40____ (put) small nes that can remain fr a few years,” said Gabriel, a French vlunteer at the Games, ____41____ (stand) at the base f the twer n Friday. It wuld be symblic and ____42____ great suvenir.” The Assciatin f Descendants f Gustave Eiffel (埃菲尔后裔协会), the designer grup f the twer, ____43____ (disapprve) f the plan. It stated that the Eiffel Twer shuld nt have “the symbl f an utside rganizatin added ____44____ it in a lng-lasting way.”
_____45_____ (face) with different ideas, Hidalg later suggested that the new, lighter Olympic rings culd remain until the next Summer Games in Ls Angeles in 2028.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，上周一你校组织高二学生到社会实践活动基地进行采摘大白菜活动。请你给新西兰朋友Peter写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
（1）活动经过； （2）你的收获。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。
Dear Peter,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At 19, I became an attendant at the Stanley Park Children’s Z. The children’s z was ahead f its time. Hles were used instead f cages, and z attendants wrked hard t make each habitat different and exciting fr the animals that lived there.
The harbr seal pups (幼崽) in ur care were kept in the back building, away frm visitrs. Twice a day, we’d take them t the man-made pnd in the cntact area fr a swim. The pnd was at the bttm f a waterfall f fresh, cld water.
One day, as I was in the deep, icy water with tw seal pups, sme peple gathered t watch. The pups swam clse t me, surfacing ccasinally t catch a breath and lk arund. I nticed a by, abut 10 years ld, excitedly pinting at ne and calling t his mther t cme and see.
Suddenly, the by yelled, “Where is the ther seal?” While ne f the seals was scratching my leg, my eyes searched the pnd fr the ther, Spica. The water was clear, as well as cld, and it was sn bvius Spica wasn’t where he shuld be. I was shcked as I realized he had swum under a rck frmatin, which was there t hide the drain (排水管). That area was t narrw fr Spica t turn arund in.
“Oh n!” yelled the by. “The little seal is under the rcks and can’t get ut. He’s ging t drwn!” Everyne in the z came t the edge f the pnd t watch the scene. I was frightened and asked anther attendant t take the remaining pup t safety. I dve under t check the hle and fund Spica trying t get thrugh.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右。
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, Ken, wh wrked at the main z, arrived.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As everyne was silent, Spica raised his head, making a sft, lw sund.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________