高考英语一轮-阅读理解高频单词+主题分类压轴词汇（练习）（解析版）

这是一份高考英语一轮-阅读理解高频单词+主题分类压轴词汇（练习）（解析版），共18页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解高频词基础练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resemble very much in appearance.We culdn’t _________ them ut.
A．figureB．carry
C．sptD．turn
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对双胞胎长得很像，我们看不出来。A. figure 计算；B. carry 拿，搬，扛；C. spt 注意到；D. turn（使）转动，旋转。根据“The twins resemble very much in appearance”可知，这里考查动词spt，动词短语spt ut，意为“看出”。故选C。
【易错提醒】本题出现阅读障碍词resemble, v.“相像”。spt一词多义，此处为动词，表示“认出，识别”。
2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrainedD．demnstrated
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这药已被证实是有效的。A. cmpsed组成；B. prescribed开处方；C. restrained制止；D. demnstrated证明。根据句意可知，已被证实，这种药是有效的。故选D项。
3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets are limited and will be ________ t thse wh apply first.
A．relievedB．allcatedC．alleviatedD．investigated
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门票有限，将分配给最先申请的人。A. relieved减轻；B. allcated分配；C. alleviated减轻；D. investigated调查。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分配”，故用allcate，与主语Tickets为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
【名师点拨】选项中动词词义如果熟练掌握，句意非常明了。新高考中淡化语法，强调语境。故考生应当扩大词汇量，掌握句子成分划分技巧，便可轻松理解句意。
4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）The cmpany has annunced that it will ________ a full investigatin int the accident.
A．advcateB．exceedC．distributeD．undertake
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司已宣布将对事故进行全面调查。A. advcate提倡；B. exceed超过；C. distribute分配；D. undertake承担。根据后文“a full investigatin int the accident”可知，应是“承担全部的事故调查”之意，undertake符合语境。故选D项。
5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）At any time, we must ________ great imprtance t the wrk f speeding up develping new prducts.
A．attachB．appealC．stickD．cmmit
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作。A. attach赋予，认为……具有；B. appeal呼吁；C. stick粘，贴；D. cmmit犯（罪、错）。由“the wrk f speeding up develping new prducts”可知，句子表示“在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作”，“高度重视”是固定短语attach great imprtance t，因此空格处是attach。故选A。
6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）A symphny rchestra is __________ f a variety f brass, wdwind, percussin and stringed instruments.
A．cnsistedB．cmparedC．cmpsedD．cncluded
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。A. cnsisted构成；B. cmpared比较；C. cmpsed组成；D. cncluded推断出。be cmpsed f由……组成；cnsist f由……组成，不用被动语态。根据“a variety f brass, wdwind, percussin and stringed instruments.”可知，交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。故选C。
7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The public ________ the gvernment fr taking practical measures t prtect the envirnment.
A．explitedB．applaudedC．dismissedD．arrested
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众赞扬政府采取切实措施保护环境。A. explited剥削；B. applauded 鼓掌，赞扬；C. dismissed 解雇；D. arrested 逮捕。政府采取切实措施保护环境，公众表示赞扬，表示“为某事赞扬某人”，符合句子的语境。故选B项。
8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）By jining the club, nt nly have I ________ basic writing skills, but I als made sme new friends with similar hbbies.
A．deservedB．calculatedC．categrizedD．acquired
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过加入俱乐部，我不仅获得了基本的写作技能，而且还结识了一些有着相似爱好的新朋友。A. deserved值得；B. calculated计算；C. categrized分类；D. acquired获得。加入俱乐部的好处之一是获得了基本的写作技能，acquire skills意味着获得或取得技能，与句子的语境相符合。故选D项。
9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Sme regard AI as a ptential majr threat t humans. Hwever, thers_________ this fear.
A．appreciateB．dismissC．addressD．recall
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人认为人工智能是对人类的潜在重大威胁。然而，其他人对这种担忧不屑一顾。A. appreciate欣赏，感激；B. dismiss不考虑，不理会；C. address演讲；D. recall回想。根据“Sme regard AI as a ptential majr threat t humans”及“Hwever”可知，其他的人不考虑这种担忧。故选B。
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On arrival at the village, the authr was_________ warmly by lcal villagers.
A．recrdedB．recgnizedC．receivedD．refreshed
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者一到村子，就受到了当地村民的热情接待。A. recrded记录；B. recgnized认出；C. received接待；D. refreshed使恢复精神。根据“warmly by lcal villagers”可知，此处表示受到当地村民的热情接待。故选C。
11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These articles ________ the prblems f the mdern wrld, including race relatins and cmmunity develpment.
A．addressB．accelerate
C．accumulateD．disturb
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些文章讨论了现代世界的问题，包括种族关系和社区发展。A. address演说，解决；B. accelerate加速；C. accumulate积累；D. disturb打扰。根据后文the prblems指讨论了现代世界的问题，应用address。故选A。
12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Sme animal and plant species gradually went extinct because they culdn’t _________ t the rapidly changing cnditins in this area.
A．fallB．accmmdateC．belngD．cntribute
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些动植物物种因为不能适应这一地区迅速变化的环境而逐渐灭绝。A. fall t开始做某事；B. accmmdate t适应；C. belng t属于；D. cntribute t有助于。根据后文“the rapidly changing cnditins in this area”指适应这一地区迅速变化的环境，故选B。
13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Apart frm teaching French, Martin _________ tennis in his spare time.
A．cachedB．addressedC．battedD．greeted
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了教法语外，马丁在业余时间还做网球教练。A. cach v. 当教练；B. address v. 解决，处理；C. bat v. 用球棒击球；D. greet v. 同…打招呼。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词cach，“当教练”符合句意。故选A。
14．（2023·天津·一模）The earliest way f traveling was undubtedly by ft, and humans’ earliest means f_________gds was carrying lads n their back r head.
A．innvatingB．transprtingC．prducingD．measuring
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，最早的旅行方式是步行，人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。A. innvating改革；B. transprting运输； C. prducing生产；D. measuring测量。根据后文“gds was carrying lads n their back r head”可知是在说明人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或头上负重。故选B。
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Fssil fuels are nn-renewable, whse reserves will be used up ne day in the future. In cntrast, renewable energy surces are basically __________, and will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.
A．inadequateB．inexhaustibleC．inaccessibleD．inflexible
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其储量总有一天会用完。相比之下，可再生能源基本上是取之不尽用之不竭的，而且在几十亿年后我们还可以使用。A. inadequate不充足的；B. inexhaustible取之不尽，用之不竭的；C. inaccessible达不到的；D. inflexible僵硬的。根据下文“will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.(在几十亿年后我们还可以使用)”可推理出上文说的是可再生能源是取之不尽，用之不竭的，故选B项。
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the acceptance letter frm my dream university, I was _________. I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.
A．nervusB．ecstaticC．embarrassedD．furius
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书时，我欣喜若狂。我无法抑制我的喜悦和兴奋。A. nervus焦虑的；B. ecstatic狂喜的；C. embarrassed尴尬；D. furius激烈的。根据后文“I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.”可知，“我”非常高兴。故选B项。
17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The hardest part f ging back t cllege was feeling ________ abut the time I spent away frm my kids.
A．ridiculusB．cnfidentC．guiltyD．excited
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到大学最困难的地方在于我对离开孩子的时间感到内疚。A. ridiculus荒谬的； B. cnfident自信的； C. guilty内疚的；D. excited兴奋的。由“the time I spent away frm my kids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身边的时间变少了，为此“我”感到内疚，选择guilty一词，故选C项。
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the develpment f AI, the line between humans and rbts will be mre _________in the future.
A．absurdB．vilentC．urgentD．blurred
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的发展，未来人类和机器人之间的界限将更加模糊。A. absurd荒谬的；B. vilent暴力的；C. urgent紧急的，迫切的；D. blurred模糊不清的。根据前文“With the develpment f AI(随着人工智能的发展)”可推知，有了人工智能的帮助，机器人更加智能化，与人类之间的界限不再清晰，会变得更加模糊。故选D项。
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Claire fund it_________ that she, a human being, was being ffered sympathy by a rbt.
A．superirB．ridiculusC．straightfrwardD．thrilling
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克莱尔觉得她作为一个人类，竟然得到一个机器人的同情，这太荒谬了。A. superir优越的；B. ridiculus荒谬的；C. straightfrward直率的；D. thrilling令人兴奋的。根据“a human being, was being ffered sympathy by a rbt.”可知，克莱尔认为作为人类被机器人同情是荒谬的。故选B。
20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The icnic Beijing Natinal Stadium, als knwn as the “Bird’s Nest”, has a ________ f 80,000.
A．distributinB．capacityC．prfileD．frequency
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：标志性的北京国家体育场，也被称为“鸟巢”，能容纳8万人。 A. distributin分布；B. capacity容量；C. prfile轮廓，概况；D. frequency频率。capacity意为“容量”，可以表示北京国家体育场能容纳8万人，符合句子的语境，故选B项。
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Althugh I was disappinted at that time, __________ it is a gd thing I did nt get that jb because it wuld put me far away frm my family.
A．in a wayB．in my wayC．by n meansD．by all means
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然我当时很失望，但从某种程度上说，我没有得到那份工作是件好事，因为它会让我远离我的家人。A. in a way在某种程度上；B. in my way用我的方式，挡我的道；C. by n means一点也不，绝不；D. by all means必定，一定。上文提到“虽然我当时很失望”，下文提到“我没有得到那份工作是件好事”，由此可知，此处表示从某种程度上说没有得到那份工作是件好事。故选A。
22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）As the sun began t rise, a deep sense f well-being __________ me. I suddenly felt full f hpe and energy again.
A．hung verB．fell verC．turned verD．washed ver
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当太阳开始升起时，一种深深的幸福感涌上心头。我突然觉得又充满了希望和活力。A. hung ver 宿醉；B. fell ver跌倒 ；C. turned ver 翻转；D. washed ver涌上心头。根据空格前的a deep sense f well-being可知，此处指“深深的幸福感涌上心头”。故选D。
23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）We are running a flwer shp, and females __________ the vast majrity f ur custmers.
A．accunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．take in
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开了一家花店，顾客中绝大多数是女性。A. accunt fr占比，解释；B. kick ff开始，踢开；C. give rise t引起，导致；D. take in理解。根据后文“the vast majrity f ur custmers”此处指女性占顾客的多数，应用accunt fr。故选A。
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The cnflict between Russia and Ukraine ________ n the Feb. 24th, 2022.
A．std utB．gt thrughC．tk inD．brke ut
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：俄乌冲突于2022年2月24日爆发。A. std ut脱颖而出，突出；B. gt thrugh结束，打通（电话）；C. tk in吸收，领会；D. brke ut爆发。结合The cnflict between Russia and Ukraine可知，空格处应表达“爆发”，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用break ut的过去式brke ut。故选D。
25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）We shuld ________ the disagreements between bth sides n hw t build up a scientific, strict, flexible and effective system in rder t further prmte clser relatinship.
A．put asideB．put upC．put awayD．put dwn
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系。A. put aside把……放在一边；B. put up张贴；C. put away收起，放好；D. put dwn放下。由“in rder t further prmte clser relatinship”可知，句子表示“我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系”，空格处意为“把……放在一边”，故选A。
26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Jhnsn pass the examinatin?
—N. Often staying up late made him at his wrst ________ physical situatin.
A．in favr fB．in terms fC．in charge fD．in case f
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——约翰逊考试及格了吗？——没有。就身体状况而言，经常熬夜使他处于最糟糕的状态。A. in favr f 赞成；B. in terms f就……而言；C. in charge f负责；D. in case f万一。结合语境可知，空格处应使用in terms f符合语境，即就身体状况这一方面而言，情况最差。故选B项。
27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Wrk hard and practise mre, and yur effrt will __________.
A．pay ffB．give wayC．carry nD．burst nt
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：努力工作，多练习，你的努力会得到回报的。A. pay ff得到回报；B. give way让步；C. carry n继续；D. burst nt突然出现。根据“Wrk hard and practise mre,”可知，努力会得到回报。故选A。
28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）Yu shuldn’t _________ that I take care f yur pet dg.
A．take it easyB．take it fr grantedC．take it seriuslyD．take yur time
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。A. take it easy别急，沉住气；B. take it fr granted认为这理所当然；C. take it seriusly认真对待它；D. take yur time慢慢来。take it fr granted that...意为“认为……理所当然”，其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。根据句中的that I take care f yur pet dg可知，选B。
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bears _________ fat stres thrughut the summer and fall t have energy enugh t last them thrugh their winter sleep.
A．pack upB．build upC．bring upD．take up
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏天到秋天都在储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量让他们度过冬眠期。A. pack up整理；把……打包；B. build up逐渐积聚，增进；加强；C. bring up教育；养育；D. take up拿起，开始从事，据（时间，地方）。此处考查动词短语build up fat stres，意为“积累脂肪储备” ，故选B项。
30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）When yu are faced with bstacles in Senir 3, try nt t let discuraging thughts _______. Be ptimistic and trust yurself, and yu’ll make it.
A．take verB．take upC．take nD．take in
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你在高三遇到障碍时，尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据主导地位。乐观一点，相信自己，你会成功的。A. take ver接管，控制，取代，占上风；B. take up占用（时间），占据（空间）；C. take n呈现；D. take in欺骗，理解，吸收。根据空前的let discuraging thughts可知，这里指让沮丧的想法占上风。故选A。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passage 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
A new study led by researchers at the Yale Schl f Public Health finds air pllutin may negatively impact standardized test scres. Using data frm the Nrth Carlina Educatin Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 millin public schl students in Nrth Carlina frm 2001 t 2018 and measured their expsure t PM2.5 fund in plluted air. While previus research has shwn negative effects n academic perfrmance, it has relied n relatively small r less representative samples. “The biggest strength f this study is that we tracked every student in Nrth Carlina in thse years, fr the whle time perid that they were in the public schls,” said Emma Zang, cauthr f the study.
The study als finds that test scres f ethnic minrities and girls are disprprtinately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minrities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “There are a lt f plicies that are nt friendly twards them. S, when they’re expsed t the same level f air pllutin, they dn’t have the resurces t lessen the negative influences.” Mre privileged ppulatins, hwever, might have mre resurces that allw them t live in a better envirnment, such as in huses with air purifiers.
“The level f PM2.5 pllutin in the US is relatively lw, but students living in areas belw the current air quality standard f annual PM2.5 cncentratin are still negatively impacted by air pllutin when it cmes t their test scres,” said Zang. “We shuld aim t strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard t better prtect ur children.”
Air pllutin is knwn t cntribute t disease and death, and it als negatively affects students’ academic perfrmance even at lw levels f pllutin. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, wuld invlve lking at whether the findings hld true in different areas, and als the reasns behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
31．What’s the greatest advantage f the study?
A．Tracking each student fr 18 years.B．Cllecting mre cmprehensive data.
C．Measuring students’ PM2.5 expsure precisely.D．Building links between air pllutin and test scres.
32．Accrding t Zang, ethnic minrities and girls ________.
A．benefit frm current plicies n PM2.5 pllutin
B．have the lwest test scres due t their identities
C．lack resurces t reduce the impact f air pllutin
D．suffer frm educatinal inequalities wing t their backgrund
33．What’s Zang ding in paragraph 3?
A．Offering a suggestin.B．Raising a dubt.
C．Making a cmparisn.D．Giving a predictin.
34．What might be the fcus f the fllw-up studies?
A．Applicability f the findings t ther regins.B．Ways t address racial and sexual differences.
C．Lng-term impacts f air pllutin n children.D．Establishment f PM2.5 standard fit fr children.
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．A 34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段““The biggest strength f this study is that we tracked every student in Nrth Carlina in thse years, fr the whle time perid that they were in the public schls,” said Emma Zang, cauthr f the study. (该研究的合著者Emma Zang说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些年的每一位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全面的数据。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“S, when they’re expsed t the same level f air pllutin, they dn’t have the resurces t lessen the negative influences. (所以，当他们暴露在同样水平的空气污染中时，他们没有资源来减轻负面影响)”可知，少数族裔和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段““The level f PM2.5 pllutin in the US is relatively lw, but students living in areas belw the current air quality standard f annual PM2.5 cncentratin are still negatively impacted by air pllutin when it cmes t their test scres,” said Zang. “We shuld aim t strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard t better prtect ur children.” (“美国的PM2.5污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前PM2.5年空气质量标准地区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”Zang说。“我们应该致力于提高PM2.5年度标准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The subsequent studies, the researchers said, wuld invlve lking at whether the findings hld true in different areas, and als the reasns behind the ethnic and sexual differences. (研究人员说，接下来的研究将包括观察这些发现是否在不同的领域也适用，以及族裔和性别差异背后的原因)”可推知，后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选A。
Passage 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent years, aggressin n scial media have becme cmmnplace. Mre than half f the victims said they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetratr (作恶者). Mst peple agreed that the annymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavir.
Des this grwing aggressin n scial media give us a glimpse f ur real human nature? Are we-at ur cre-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are n the rise, and plitical divisins app ear t be grwing. The level f public bitterness-especially nline-is substantial. But I dn’t believe that’s because scial media has unlcked ur cruel human nature.
As an evlutinary anthrplgist, I have spent years researching ur transfrmatin as a species. Over the past tw millin years, we have evlved frm grups f apelike beings armed with sticks and stnes t the creatrs f cars, rckets, and natins. Our bigger brains have allwed us t bnd and cperate in mre cmplex and diverse ways than any ther animal. Meanwhile, “yu are whm yu meet.” Hw we perceive, experience, and act in the wrld is shaped by wh and what surrund us n a daily basis. This prcess has deep evlutinary rts and gives humans what we call a shared reality.
I wuld argue that the rise in nline aggressin is a prduct f ur evlutinary scial skills, the scial media bm, and the specific plitical, ecnmic and scial cntext where we find urselves. This explsive cmbinatin has pened up a space fr increasingly mre peple t fan the flames f aggressin and insult nline. Aggressive behavir-especially t thse yu dn’t have t cnfrnt face-t-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And fr the aggressr, there are ften n cnsequences.
Yes, it seems that the wrld is getting mre aggressive, but that’s nt because we are mre aggressive at ur cre. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and prmting pr-scial attitudes and actins ur cntemprary wrld demands. In persn and n scial media, we must d bth.
35．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph tw refer t?
A．Hate crimes n the rise.B．Grwing plitical divisins.
C．Cnsiderable nline bitterness.D．The transfrmatin f humans.
36．What’s the authr’s attitude tward scial media?
A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Apprving.D．Irnic.
37．What des the authr prpse t address the issue f grwing aggressin?
A．Embracing ur aggressive nature t cmpete in tday’s wrld.
B．Strengthening laws t hld perpetratrs respnsible fr their nline actins.
C．Prmting psitive behavirs and interactins in bth real-life and digital spaces.
D．Fcusing nly n reducing annymity n the internet t reduce ffensive behavir.
38．What is mainly discussed in this passage?
A．The impact f scial media n sciety.
B．The influence f evlutin n ur behavir.
C．The reasns behind rising nline aggressin.
D．The factrs in the scial media develpment.
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．C 38．C
【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还是社交媒体的过错。
35．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Des this grwing aggressin n scial media give us a glimpse f ur real human nature? Are we-at ur cre-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are n the rise, and plitical divisins app ear t be grwing. The level f public bitterness-especially nline-is substantial. (社交媒体上日益增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，that指上文公众相当高的痛苦程度。A. Hate crimes n the rise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Grwing plitical divisins日益严重的政治分歧；C. Cnsiderable nline bitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D. The transfrmatin f humans人类的转变。故选C。
36．推理判断题。根据一段中“Mst peple agreed that the annymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavir. (大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第二段中“The level f public bitterness-especially nline-is substantial. But I dn’t believe that’s because scial media has unlcked ur cruel human nature. (公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems that the wrld is getting mre aggressive, but that’s nt because we are mre aggressive at ur cre. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and prmting pr-scial attitudes and actins ur cntemprary wrld demands. In persn and n scial media, we must d bth. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent years, aggressin n scial media have becme cmmnplace. Mre than half f the victims said they didn’t knw the identity f the perpetratr (作恶者). Mst peple agreed that the annymity (匿名) f the Internet prvides cver fr nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavir. (近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I dn’t believe that’s because scial media has unlcked ur cruel human nature. (但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems that the wrld is getting mre aggressive, but that’s nt because we are mre aggressive at ur cre. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and prmting pr-scial attitudes and actins ur cntemprary wrld demands. In persn and n scial media, we must d bth. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。
Passage 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
Initial cnversatins can have a huge impact n hw relatinships develp ver time. Peple are ften stuck in the impressins they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with smene fr the first time: “Did they like me r were they just being plite?” “Were they deep in thught r deeply bred?”
T find ut whether these wrries are necessary, we have cnducted nearly 10 years f research. In ur studies, participants in the UK talked with smene they had never met befre. Afterward, they were asked hw much they liked their cnversatin partner and hw much they believed that their cnversatin partner liked them. This allwed us t cmpare hw much peple believed they were liked t hw much they were actually liked.
Time and time again, we fund that peple left their cnversatins with negative feelings abut the impressin they made. That is, peple systematically underestimate hw much their cnversatin partners like them and enjy their cmpany — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like smething that wuld ccur nly in initial interactins, but its effects extend far beynd a first impressin. Surprisingly, the liking gap can cnstantly affect a variety f relatinships, including interactins with cwrkers, lng after the initial cnversatins have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is assciated with being less willing t ask wrkmates fr help, less willing t prvide wrkmates with pen and hnest feedback, and less willing t wrk n anther prject tgether.
There are numerus strategies t minimize yur biased feelings. One place t start is shifting yur fcus f attentin. Try t direct yur attentin t yur cnversatin partner, be genuinely curius abut them, ask them mre questins, and really listen t their answers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, and the less yu’re fcused n yurself, the better yur cnversatin will be and the less yur mind will turn t all the things yu think yu didn’t d well.
39．Why did the authr carry ut 10 years f research?
A．T dismiss natinal cncerns.B．T check ut a ptential bias.
C．T enhance human cmmunicatin.D．T develp harmnius relatinships.
40．What is ne effect f peple’s liking gap?
A．Fewer chances f new prjects.B．Underestimatin f their ability.
C．Bad relatinships with peple arund.D．Lw willingness t interact with thers.
41．What des the authr intend t d in the last paragraph?
A．Restate pinins.B．Deliver warnings.C．Give suggestins.D．Make a summary.
42．Which might be the best title fr the text?
A．Liking Gap May Influence Wrk Perfrmances
B．First Impressins Rely On Initial Cnversatins
C．Peple Prbably Like Yu Mre Than Yu Think
D．Hw Peple Like Yu Matters Less Than Yu Assume
【答案】39．B 40．D 41．C 42．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial cnversatins can have a huge impact n hw relatinships develp ver time. Peple are ften stuck in the impressins they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with smene fr the first time: “Did they like me r were they just being plite?” “Were they deep in thught r deeply bred?”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下的印象中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“T find ut whether these wrries are necessary, we have cnducted nearly 10 years f research.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是否有必要，我们进行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap is assciated with being less willing t ask wrkmates fr help, less willing t prvide wrkmates with pen and hnest feedback, and less willing t wrk n anther prject tgether.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerus strategies t minimize yur biased feelings. One place t start is shifting yur fcus f attentin. Try t direct yur attentin t yur cnversatin partner, be genuinely curius abut them, ask them mre questins, and really listen t their answers. The mre yu’re zered in n the ther persn, and the less yu’re fcused n yurself, the better yur cnversatin will be and the less yur mind will turn t all the things yu think yu didn’t d well.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力开始。试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真倾听他们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time and time again, we fund that peple left their cnversatins with negative feelings abut the impressin they made. That is, peple systematically underestimate hw much their cnversatin partners like them and enjy their cmpany — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符合文章标题。故选C。
1.（2024年1月浙江卷C篇）
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (花暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be cusing drught.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
8. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn
10. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
11. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades (龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。
2.（2023年全国甲卷D篇）
Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U.S. was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t de-list grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
32. Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B. They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C. They are f high scientific value.
D. They are a symbl f American culture.
33. What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B. The expansin f bears’ range.
C. The prtectin by law since 1975.
D. The supprt f Native Americans.
34. What has stpped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm de-listing grizzlies?
A. The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B. The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C. The vice f the bilgists.
D. The lcal farmers’ advcates.
35. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C. A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Tday, there are abut 2, 000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviusly, if precautins aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,“ says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练