高考英语二轮讲义-名词单复数变化规律（重难专练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-名词单复数变化规律（重难专练）（全国通用）（学生版），共13页。试卷主要包含了6%），抽象名词与固定搭配等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点一：考查名词的单复数变化。
1. (2023北京卷) Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect (city) frm castal winds.
答案：cities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
2.（2021全国乙卷） (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim (t have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
答案：Activities
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行，住宿旨在对自然环境的影响降到最低。所给单词是名词，结合句子的谓语动词range可知，该名词要用其复数形式。此空位于句首，应该用大写字母。故填Activities。
3. (原创) The ___________ (find), mstly frm the Yinxu site in Anyang, are f great value because present-day written characters can trace their histry t the inscriptins.
答案：findings
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：这些发现大多来自安阳的殷墟遗址，具有很高的价值，因为现在的汉字可以追溯到这些铭文。提示词是动词，应该变为名词，另外句中谓语是复数形式are，所以本空也应该用复数形式。故填findings。
考点二：考查规则名词复数的直接构成。
4.（2025 全国II卷）The sun-dried clthes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks t the (absence) f smg and plenty f blue sky (afternn) with lts f fresh air.
答案：afternns
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternn“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternns。故填afternns。
5. Systematic recrdings f these pieces thrugh traditinal ink rubbings and digitized (apprach) will als begin.
答案：appraches
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：通过传统的拓片技术和数字化的方法对这些甲骨进行系统的记录也将开始。本空作主语，用名词apprach“方法”，方法不止一个，用复数形式。故填appraches。
考点三：考查名词的格（主要是所有格）。
6.（2025 浙江1月卷）“I really want t make this wrk fr (peple) lives tday, and I knw that desn’t always mean (returning) a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend,” she says.
答案：peple’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格peple’s，作定语。故填peple’s。
7. （2022 新高考II卷）“He saved my (sn) life,” said Mrs. Brwn.“I dn’t knw (hw) t thank him.”
答案：sn’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：“他救了我儿子的命，”Mrs. Brwn说，“我不知道如何感谢他。”设空处修饰后面的life，life与提示词sn之间是所属关系，故应使用名词所有格。故用sn’s。
考点四：考查冠词(a / an / the)与名词的固定搭配。
8.（2022全国乙卷）As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the (largest) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
答案：respnsibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：作为国际茶日的主要推动者、茶叶的故乡和最大的产茶国，中国有责任与其他国家一道，促进茶产业的健康发展。根据空前的冠词a可知，空格处需要用名词形式。have a respnsibility t d sth表示“有责任做某事”。故填respnsibility。
9.（原创）In an effrt t battle desertificatin and relieve the unfavrable ___________ (effect) f shifting sands and dust strms n nearby residents, the “Green Great Wall” has gradually emerged.
答案：effects
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：为了对抗沙漠化，减轻流沙和沙尘暴对附近居民的不利影响，“绿色长城”逐渐形成。分析句子可知，这里考查“relieve the effects n/upn...”，是固定搭配，表示“减轻对…… 的影响”。故填n或upn。
考点五：考查词性转换（派生名词）。
10.（2025全国I卷）“Yu try t lead the ppnent int yur trap and frce them t fllw yur (guide) till they lse,” explains Wang Wei, a G player amng the visitrs t the exhibitin.
答案：guidance
【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作fllw的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
11.（2025全国II卷）The sun-dried clthes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks t the __________ (absent) f smg and plenty f blue sky (afternns) with lts f fresh air.
答案：absence
【解析】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks t的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
12.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen (t rent) rather than purchase them utright, prviding a less expensive (slve) t ne-time event dressing.
答案：slutin
【解析】考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词slutin，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填slutin。
（建议用时：20分钟）
【类型一：名词的单复数规则变化】
1. Wang Yi, deputy directr f the Sichuan Prvincial Department f Culture and Turism, (nted) in an interview that they prved cultural exchanges between the ancient Shu kingdm and ther (regin), including Hng Kng.
2.（2024 全国甲卷）They are ____________ (treasure) f American heritage (遗产). Hw did the natinal park system cme abut?
3.（25-26高三上·江苏南京·期中）China has becme the wrld’s largest indr ski market, hme t ver half f wrld’s ttal ski (enthusiastic) and six ut f the ten biggest nes 39 (glbally).
4. Many cities and prvinces have included industrial turism in their (plicy) t bst the lcal turism market.
5. The jurney sees them save villagers frm evil yaguais and be remembered as (her).
【类型二：名词复数的不规则变化】
6. (原创) A user named Eddy Liu created a grup chat ffering in-depth _____________ (analysis) n mastering Xiahngshu, while thers have psted instructins t make the Chinese-dminated app mre accessible.
7. (原创) Accrding t Shi, anther prfessr, her museum will cperate with the university’s Schl f Artificial Intelligence t lk fr the pssibility f using the technlgy t facilitate the rejining wrk based n analysis f big ___________ (datum).
【类型三：名词的格（主要是所有格）】
8. (2021年1月浙江高考）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 ___ (is cnsidered) healthy.
9. Li Ziqi, ne f the mst ppular (influencers) in China, made a dramatic return t scial media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (wrld) attentin frm hme and abrad.
【类型四：词性转换（派生名词）】
10.（25-26高三上·浙江杭州）In fact, even within any ne f these languages, it is impssible t guarantee __________ (cnsistent).
11. The newly pened AdventHealth Cancer Institute (had seen) strng public interest by last mnth, with patient (attend) surpassing expectatins.
12.（2025·浙江·一模）Their perfrmances embdy bth strength and (sft).
13. The Hngku District Sprts Festival, aiming t establish Shanghai’s Ruihng Tiandi as an integrated sprts and (cnsume) centre, kicked ff n July 5.
14.（24-25高三下·辽宁·期中）This centuries-ld practice, deeply (rted) in Chinese culture, was nce a symbl f (elegant) fr wmen, especially in the sutheastern regins.
15. One f the reasns fr the league’s rapid rise is its fcus n mass (participate).
16. It plays a key rle in (preserving) the natin’s written heritage — a legacy that carries the __________ (wise) f schlars and artists ver millennia.
17. With the successful cmpletin f the green barrier, this regin, nce trubled by serius sandstrms, is set t see renewed (vital) and dynamic ecsystems.
18. Cvering mre than 200 pages, this bk is rganized int five sectins, reflecting the jurney f US-China __________ (engage) since diplmatic (外交的) ties began in 1979.
19. After the (appear) f mdern mechanical umbrellas, traditinal il-paper umbrellas suffered frm declining sales.
20. The famus artist believed in the (cnnect) between yuth and creativity.
（建议用时：20分钟）
【类型一：名词的单复数规则变化】
1. (原创) The rapid develpment f mdern ____________ (city) brings bth pprtunities and challenges.
2. (原创) The firefighters wrked tgether t carry the heavy ____________ (bx) ut f the burning building.
3. (原创) In autumn, the grund is cvered with glden _____________ (leaf) frm the trees.
4. (原创) We watched several fascinating dcumentary _____________ (vide) abut wildlife in different cuntries.
5. (原创) Fr dinner, she prepared a delicius pasta sauce with fresh ______________ (tmat) and herbs.
【答案】tmates
【解析】考以-结尾的名词复数。句意：晚餐时，她准备了新鲜的番茄和香草制成的美味意大利面酱。根据名词变复数的规则，以辅音字母加-结尾的名词，其复数形式需加-es。句中with表示“带有”，后面的名词tmat需用复数形式tmates来表示多种材料。故填tmates。
【类型二：名词复数的不规则变化】
6. (原创)The scientists cllected a great deal f data frm varius _____________ (phenmenn) they bserved in the lab.
7. (原创)There are many _____________ (criterin) fr judging a gd piece f writing, and clarity is ne f the mst imprtant nes.
8. (原创) In the pht, yu can see several wmen dctrs and a few _____________ (child) playing in the backgrund.
【类型三：名词的格（主要是所有格）】
9. (原创) The ______________ (children) enthusiasm fr the science prject was truly inspiring.
10. (原创) After a tw _______________ (weeks) jurney, the explrers finally reached their destinatin.
11. (原创) That new sprts car in the parking lt belngs t a friend f my _____________ (brther).
12. (原创) The _____________ (cmpany) decisin t invest in renewable energy was widely praised by all the emplyees.
13. (原创) The entire class is immersed in the cllective revisin, getting ready fr the _____________ (year) final exams in the cming week.
【类型四：词性转换（派生名词）】
14. (原创) The successful _____________ (achieve) f these gals requires bth determinatin and careful planning.
15. (原创) His ____________ (refuse) t cperate with the lcal cmpany made the entire prject much mre difficult.
16. (原创) The _____________ (lng) f the bridge is apprximately 2.5 kilmeters, making it ne f the lngest in the regin.
17. (原创) There is a strng _____________ (friend) between the tw cuntries, built n decades f mutual trust.
18. (原创) The scientist presented a new ______________ (explain) fr the unusual experimental results.
19. (原创) The ______________ (discver) f penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 revlutinized mdern medicine.
20. (原创) His sudden _______________ (depart) frm the cmpany where he was wrking surprised all f his clleagues.

（建议用时：15分钟）
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二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fllwing the success f “Ne Zha 2”, anther Chinese animated film “Nbdy” has gne viral. Its bx ffice earnings 1 (ttal) 776 millin yuan since its debut (首次推出) n August 2, smashing the recrd fr Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Duban, 2 film review platfrm knwn fr its stringent (严格的) ratings, the animatin has scred an 3 (impress) 8.6, edging ut “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 pints.
“Bth films are excellent. The frmer has grand special effects, while the latter excels in strytelling,” a mvie-ger 4 surname is Ca said.
5 (base) n the classic “Jurney t the West”, the film desn’t fcus n the Mnkey King. Instead, it sptlights mnsters that appear in the nvel. A grup f fur lw-level yaguais decide t jurney west by dressing up 6 Mnk Tang’s team. The jurney sees them save villagers frm evil yaguais and be remembered as 7 (her).
“The film puts cntemprary themes nt minr yaguais, 8 (ultimate) crafting a new stry,” said prducer Chen Liayu. Many viewers lve 9 (it) sarcastic (讽刺的) take n wrk culture and fcus n minr characters. “The cinema is filled with laughs f kids and adults’ tears,” ne Duban cmment reads. “As kids, we dreamed f being the Mnkey King, nly 10 (realize) we’re rdinary yaguais as adults.”
Prfessr Liang said Chinese creatrs reinvent traditinal stries while hnring riginal values.考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1：名词的单复数变化
（5年4考）
2024全国高考英语II卷—themes;
2024全国甲卷—treasures;
2023北京卷—cities;
2021全国乙卷—Activities;
1.考查重心从“形式变化”转向“句法功能判断”，如考查名词复数的规则变化，通过设置完整的句法结构来判断。
2.从“规则记忆”转向“不规则与派生词的精准运用”，如考查拼写不规则、词形变化特殊的名词，以及通过添加后缀派生的名词。
3.从“单一考点”转向“语境下的词义与词性甄别”，考查语境结合，如根据句意选择正确的派生词，主要方式是词义选择和词性甄别。
考点2规则名词复数的直接构成（5年9考）
2025 全国II卷—afternns;
2025 浙江1月卷—times;
2024新课标I卷—favrites;
2023新高考II卷—interviews;
2023全国乙卷—wnders;
2023 浙江1月卷—events;
2022 新高考I卷—ppulatins;
2021 新高考I卷—humans;
2021 全国甲卷—watchtwers。
考点3名词的格（主要是所有格）
（5年3考）
2025 浙江1月卷—peple’s;
2022 新高考II卷—sn’s；
2021 浙江1月卷—persn’s
考点4冠词(a/an/the)与名词的固定搭配
（5年1考）
2022全国乙卷—respnsibility;
考点5词性转换（派生名词）
（5年17考）
2025 全国I卷—guidance;
2025 全国II卷—absence;
2025 浙江1月卷—slutin;
2024全国I卷—richness;
2024全国II卷—visibility;
2024全国甲卷—cmpletin;
2024浙江1月卷—criticism;
2024 北京卷—self-awareness;
2023 全国II卷—arrival;
2023 全国甲卷—warning;
2023 浙江6月卷—phtgrapher
2023 浙江6月卷—presence
2022 浙江1月卷—invitatin;
2022 浙江6月卷—marriage;
2022 全国甲卷—prtectin;
2021 新课标II卷—representative;
2021 全国乙卷—develpment。
名词变复数的规则
可以清晰地分为两大类：规则变化和不规则变化。
一、规则变化（绝大多数名词属于此类）
1. 绝大多数名词直接加-s，如bk→bks, student → students, apple→ apples;
2. 以 s, x, z, sh, ch 结尾的名词加-es，bus→buses, bx→bxes, buzz→buzzes, dish→dishes, watch→watches；
3. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词，变y → i + es，如city→cities, baby→babies, cuntry→cuntries。注意：以元音字母 + y 结尾的，直接加-s。如：by→bys, day→days；
4. 部分以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，变-f或-fe→ v + es，如leaf→leaves, wife→wives, knife→knives, half→halves
注意：有直接加-s的特例，需单独记忆。
【重要】以-f或-fe结尾名词的特例（常考）：变为-ves的常见词：wife, knife, wlf, thief, shelf, leaf, half, life, self (可以巧记为：妻子 用 小刀 和 狼 搏斗，小偷 从 架子 上偷走了一片 树叶 和 一半 的 生命。)
直接加-s的常见词：rf→rfs, belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, prf →prfs, gulf→gulfs (可以巧记为：首领 相信 证据 在 海湾 和 屋顶 上。)
二、不规则变化（必须牢记，高考高频考点）：不规则变化没有统一的规则，需要特别记忆。
1. 改变内部元音，如man→men, wman→wmen, ft→feet, tth→teeth, gse→geese, muse→mice；
2. 词尾加 -en，如child→children, x→xen (后者较少考)；
3. 单复数同形，如sheep, deer, fish (指鱼的种类时可用 fishes), Chinese, Japanese, series, means, species。技巧：这些词通过上下文中的谓语动词或数量词来体现复数。
4. 外来词保留其复数形式，如analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, phenmenn→ phenmena, criterin→criteria, datum→data (现在常作不可数名词)；
特殊名词的复数形式
一、复合名词的复数（易错点）：复合名词变复数时，通常将主体名词变为复数。
1.名词+名词：将后一个作为主体名词变为复数（如果后一个名词是中心词），如：pencil bx→pencil bxes (铅笔盒)；
2. 名词+介词/副词：将前面的名词变为复数，如passer-by→passers-by (过路人), mther-in-law →mthers-in-law (岳母)；
3. 无中心名词：在词尾加-s，如grwn-up→grwn-ups (成年人), frget-me-nt→frget-me-nts (勿忘我花)。
二、常以复数形式出现的名词
这些名词本身通常表示由两部分构成的东西或特定的概念，通常用作复数。如clthes (衣服), trusers / pants (裤子), glasses (眼镜), scissrs (剪刀), belngings (所有物), surrundings (环境), findings (调查结果)。
重要提示：表示“一条裤子”要用 a pair f trusers，作主语时，谓语动词与 pair 一致。如：This pair f trusers is...
名词的格
主要分为三种：主格、宾格和所有格。其中，所有格是高考的绝对重点和难点。
所有格的构成分为 ’s 所有格 和 f 所有格 两种。
一、’s 所有格的构成规则：
1. 大多数单数名词，词尾加 ’s，如my mther’s car, the cat’s tail；
2. 以-s结尾的复数名词，词尾只加 ’（撇号），如the teachers’ ffice, the students’ bks，这是最常考的易错点之一。
3. 不以-s结尾的复数名词，词尾加 ’s，如the children’s tys, wmen’s rights；
4. 以-s结尾的单数人名/地名，通常加 ’s，读作 /ɪz/，如Charles’s jb, Thmas’s idea, Jnes’s car；
5. 并列名词，若表示共同所有，在最后名词加 ’s；若表示各自所有，每个名词都加 ’s。如Lucy and Lily’s rm (共有的房间)，Lucy’s and Lily’s rms (各自不同的房间)。完形填空中常需根据上下文判断。
二、 f 所有格的构成
f 所有格通常用于表示无生命事物的所属关系。
结构： the + 名词 + f + 名词
示例：the dr f the rm (房间的门)，the name f the film (电影的名字)，the develpment f technlgy (科技的发展)
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