高考英语一轮-高频形容词 副词 动词聚焦（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语一轮-高频形容词 副词 动词聚焦（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版），共44页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向01 考查形容词
考向02 考查副词
\l "_Tc10254" 考向03 考查动词
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查形容词
1．He frequently did (vlunteer) wrk during his spare time at university.
【答案】vluntary
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在大学期间的业余时间经常做志愿工作。空处应填形容词修饰名词wrk，vlunteer的形容词形式是vluntary，意为“自愿的，志愿的”。故填vluntary。
2．The (break) glass has been thrwn utside.
【答案】brken
【详解】考查形容词。句意：碎玻璃已经被扔到外面去了。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰名词glass；brken为形容词，表示“破碎的”，符合句意。故填brken。
3．And are listening t and viewing cntent as (effect) as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material?
【答案】effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在涉及相同材料时，听和看内容是否和阅读书面文字一样有效？句中结构用于比较，中间需用形容词或副词原级。此处构成系动词are的系表结构，其后需用形容词作表语。所给词effect为名词，其形容词形式为effective，故填effective。
4．In my pinin, this prject is (benefit) t everyne.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在我看来，这个项目对每个人都是有益的。空处应用形容词，作表语；beneficial为形容词，表示“有益的”，符合句意。故填beneficial。
5．I am (relieve) t knw that “cl” has a much brader definitin than what I used t think.
【答案】relieved
【详解】考查形容词。句意：得知“酷”这个词的含义比我原先所认为的要广泛得多，我感到十分欣慰。空处应用形容词，作表语；relieved为形容词，表示“宽慰的、放心的”，符合句意。故填relieved。
6．Given the (astnish) ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future.
【答案】astnishing
【详解】考查形容词。句意：鉴于人工智能在改变我们的生活方面具有惊人的潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词ptential；astnish的形容词为astnishing“令人惊讶的”，常用来修饰物。故填astnishing。
7．In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the (surrund) envirnment.
【答案】surrunding
【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，不需要使用污染传统农场和周围环境的杀虫剂和其他化学物质。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词envirnment；surrund的形容词为surrunding“周围的”。故填surrunding。
8．In the past few years, nline learning has becme a (significance) part f the university and cllege experience.
【答案】significant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学经历中重要的一部分。根据空后名词part可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，significance的形容词为significant“重要的”，符合题意。故填significant。
9．When I applied t graduate schl, I fund three prgrammes prmising t allw me t fllw my (desire) research directin.
【答案】desired
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当我申请研究生院时，我发现了三个项目，它们都有望让我追随自己想要的研究方向。根据空后research directin可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，desire的形容词desired“想要的，渴望的”，符合题意。故填desired。
10．We all admired their (persevere) hard wrk.
【答案】persevering
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们都钦佩他们坚持不懈的努力工作。空格处为形容词修饰名词“hard wrk”，persevere的形容词形式是persevering，意为“坚持不懈的”，符合语境。故填persevering。
11．We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them (wake).
【答案】awake
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们或许得强迫自己唤醒内心的求知欲和不满足感，并让它们持续处于活跃状态。此处是“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，空处使用形容词awake作宾语补足语，故填awake。
12．A cuple f years ag filmmaker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were (attach) t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse.
【答案】attached
【详解】考查形容词。句意：几年前，电影制片人大卫·邦德意识到，他当时五岁和三岁的孩子们非常沉迷于屏幕，以至于他可以在他三岁的儿子的耳边说“巧克力”，而得不到任何回应。根据空前were和空后t screens可知，固定搭配be attached t“依恋，沉迷于”符合语境，attached 作为形容词，意为 “依恋的、眷恋的、对…… 着迷的”，描述人对某事物的情感状态。故填attached。
13．In spite f his desire t say smething (cheer), he culd get nthing ut but a shamefaced smile. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cheering/cheerful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管他很想说些鼓舞人心/令人高兴的话，但最终只挤出了一个羞怯的微笑。分析句子可知，空处需要一个形容词，作后置定语修饰smething，如想说明他想说的内容具有鼓舞人心的特性，可用形容词cheering，意为“鼓舞人心的，振奋人心的”；如想表达他想说些“让人舒服、愉快的话”，可用形容词cheerful，意为“令人愉快，高兴的”。故填cheering/cheerful。
14．Besides sitting n the grass and tasting delicius sft drinks, we will enjy a great number f excellent, impressive and (entertain) perfrmances.
【答案】entertaining
【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了坐在草地上品尝美味的软饮料，我们还将欣赏到大量精彩、令人印象深刻且有趣的表演。分析句子可知，设空处与前文形容词excellent和impressive并列，修饰空后名词perfrmances，应填形容词作定语，修饰物应用-ing形容词entertaining描述perfrmances本身特性，意为“有趣的”。故填entertaining。
15．A huge lake f (salt) water appears t be buried deep in Mars, scientists reprted this week.
【答案】salty
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家本周报告称，火星深处似乎埋藏着一个巨大的咸水湖。修饰名词water，需用形容词salty，作定语。故填salty。
16．Sydney Trains is ne f the mst ecnmical, reliable and (cnvenience) ways t travel thrughut Sydney and the surrunding area.
【答案】cnvenient
【详解】考查形容词的用法。句意：悉尼火车是在悉尼及其周边地区旅行最经济、可靠且便捷的方式之一。所给词 cnvenience是名词，意为“便利”，形容词形式是 cnvenient，意为“便捷的”，与前面两个形容词“ecnmical (经济的)”、“reliable (可靠的)”构成并列关系，共同修饰名词 ways。故填cnvenient。
17．I never thught that a little help wuld turn ut t be the mst (satisfy) thing I have ever dne.
【答案】satisfying
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我从未想过一点小小的帮助会变成我做过的最令人满意的事情。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词thing，再结合句意“令人满意的”是satisfying，符合语境。故填satisfying。
18．The by is seriusly t vide games and he finds them very . (addict)
【答案】 addicted addictive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩对电子游戏严重上瘾，而且他觉得游戏非常让人欲罢不能。第一空处应填入形容词addicted作表语，构成固定搭配be addicted t，意为“对……上瘾，沉迷”，说明人的状态。第二空处应填入形容词作宾补，描述电子游戏的特点，此时应用形容词addictive，意为“使人上瘾的，使人着迷的”，描述物。故填①addicted②addictive。
19．I always read, using (differ) vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice.
【答案】different
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我读书时总会用不同的声音，就好像在用我的声音把这些故事演绎出来一样。修饰名词vices，需用形容词different，作定语。故填different。
20．Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr (base) checkups.
【答案】basic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：医生们每天要接待多达150名患者。这列火车上的设备可以进行基础检查。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填形容词来修饰名词“checkups(检查)”，basic，意为“基础的；基本的”，符合语境。故填basic。
21．Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite (impress).
【答案】impressive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉相当令人印象深刻。根据空前的系动词is和副词quite可知，此处需用形容词作表语。impress为动词，意为“给……留下深刻印象”，其形容词形式为impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。
22．We have a lt f (respect) peple arund us.
【答案】respectable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。修饰名词peple用形容词respectable (值得尊敬的、可敬的)，作定语。故填respectable。
23．A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a (reward) experience.
【答案】rewarding
【详解】考查形容词。句意：花几分钟时间浏览一两页可能是一次有益的经历。空处修饰experience，应用形容词。rewarding意为“值得做的，有益的”。故填rewarding。
24．Yu’ll sn find that the (much) patience yu practice, the mre yu start t apply it t ther mre annying situatins.
【答案】mre
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：你很快就会发现，你练习的耐心越多，你就越开始把它应用到其他更烦人的情况中。此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，所以空处需用much的比较级mre。故填mre。
25．In additin t learning abut my chsen field, I had the pprtunity t immerse myself in Chinese traditins, sample the cuntry’s delicius cuisines and explre the cuntry’s many (histry) landmarks and attractins.
【答案】histrical/histric
【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了学习我所选择的领域，我有机会沉浸在中国的传统中，品尝这个国家的美味佳肴，探索这个国家的许多历史地标和景点。空处修饰名词landmarks and attractins，应用形容词histrical/ histric“历史的”，作定语。故填histrical/ histric。
26．The phrase is assciated with the remarkably distinctive light-clred jackets and lvely hats that turists frm suthern China typically wear when traveling t the nrth, as well as their relatively (shrt) figure cmpared with lcal’s.
【答案】shrter
【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：这个短语与来自中国南方的游客在前往北方旅行时通常所穿的格外独特的浅色外套和漂亮的帽子有关，同时也与他们相对于当地人的相对较矮的身材有关。根据空后的cmpared with lcal’s (与当地人相比)可知，设空处应用形容词比较级的形式shrter，作定语修饰名词figure。故填shrter。
27．Digital Dunhuang invlves the use f mdern technlgy such as 3D scanning and virtual reality (VR) t create digital cpies f the caves and their (price) cntents.
【答案】priceless
【详解】考查形容词。句意：数字敦煌涉及使用现代技术，如3D扫描和虚拟现实（VR），来创建洞穴极其珍贵内容的数字复制品。本空用形容词priceless“极珍贵的”，作定语，修饰名词cntents。故填priceless。
28．While the cards might seem like a (harm) pastime, they expse children t tbacc brands and smking behavir at a vulnerable age, ptentially leading t lifelng cnsequences.
【答案】harmless
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然这些卡片似乎是一种无害的消遣，但它们使儿童在一个脆弱的年龄接触到烟草品牌和吸烟行为，可能导致终身后果。修饰名词pastime，需用形容词作定语，表示“无害的”应用harmless。故填harmless。
29．During the Spring and Autumn Perid, there appeared cpper cins in the shape f a knife, spade and circle but they were (cst)and hard t prduce.
【答案】cstly
【详解】考查形容词。句意：春秋时期，出现了刀、铲、圆等形状的铜钱，但成本高，制作难度大。此处位于系动词之后，且与hard是并列关系，应用形容词。cstly是以-ly结尾的形容词，意为“成本高的；代价大的”。故填cstly。
30．Facebk then attempts t make mney by selling their data t advertisers that want t send (target) messages.
【答案】targeted
【详解】考查形容词。句意：脸书则试图通过向想要发送有针对性信息的广告商出售数据来赚钱。修饰名词messages，用形容词targeted“有针对性的”，作定语。故填targeted。
31．This style calls fr practitiners t stay (relax) while fighting, allwing them t achieve a kind f sftness r flexibility.
【答案】relaxed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种风格要求练习者在战斗时保持放松，使他们达到一种柔软或灵活的状态。stay在此意为“保持”，是系动词，因此空处作表语，且修饰人，应用形容词relaxed。故填relaxed。
32．The game’s premium prductin and authentic English subtitles help accurately cnvey the emtins f the (rigin) nvel.
【答案】riginal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：游戏的优质制作和地道的英文字幕有助于准确传达原著小说的情感。形容词riginal表“原始的，原作的”，作定语修饰名词nvel。故填riginal。
33．The (represent) grup frm the Hubei Tea Assciatin brught three types f tea t be enjyed at the saln: Enshi Yulu, Yihng Black Tea, and Qing-zhuan Tea.
【答案】representative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：来自湖北茶叶协会的代表团带来了三种茶，可以在沙龙上享用：恩施玉露、宜红红茶和青砖茶。修饰名词grup用形容词representative作定语，故填representative。
34．By presenting the fine ancient architectural artwrks in an apprachable manner, Qin ensures that his wrk will get ppular with a (brad) audience than befre.
【答案】brader
【详解】考查比较级。句意：通过以平易近人的方式呈现精美的古代建筑艺术品，秦确保他的作品将受到比以前更广泛的观众的欢迎。空处作修饰audience的定语，结合空后的“than befre”可知，此处作比较，指“受到比以前更广泛的观众的欢迎”，因此需用形容词brad的比较级形式。故填brader。
35．Over the past ten years, ur cuntry has made (admire) achievements in space explratin.
【答案】admirable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在过去十年里，我国在太空探索领域取得了令人倾佩的成就。此处作补足语，表示“令人倾佩的”用形容词admirable，故填admirable。
36．In the backgrund f prtecting the (natin) cultural heritage, lcal gvernment begins t declare them as nn-material cultural heritage.
【答案】natinal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在保护国家文化遗产的背景下，当地政府开始将它们申报为非物质文化遗产。空处用于修饰名词短语cultural heritage，应使用形容词形式natinal表示“国家的；民族的”，作定语，natinal cultural heritage表示“国家文化遗产”。故填natinal。
37．I’ve heard that yu are a (talent) yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well. I cannt make my decisin immediately, but yu will hear frm me sn.
【答案】talented
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我听说你是个有才华的年轻女子，我也觉得你既迷人又聪明。我不能马上做出决定，但你很快就会收到我的消息。修饰名词wman用形容词talented，作定语。故填talented。
38．I was (ignre) f the fact that the bss culd be s strict.
【答案】ignrant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我不知道老板会这么严厉。空格处用形容词作表语，ignre的形容词是ignrant，意为“无知的，（对某事物）不了解的”，故填ignrant。
39．The similarity f mral virtues acrss cultures is (strike), even thugh the relative ranking f the virtues may vary with a scial grup’s histry and envirnment.
【答案】striking
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管美德的相对排名可能因社会群体的历史和环境而异，但不同文化间道德美德的相似性是惊人的。空格处用形容词作表语，strike的形容词是striking。意为“惊人的”。故填striking。
40．A trch (手电筒) alng with (suit) clthing is essential fr walking in the dark.
【答案】suitable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在黑暗中行走，手电筒和合适的衣服是必不可少的。此处修饰名词“clthing”，需用形容词作定语，所给词“suit”为动词，意为“适合”，其形容词形式是suitable，意为“合适的”，符合语境。故填suitable。
41．Eventually, yur child will leave hme t lead her wn life as a fully (dependent) adult.
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：最终，你的孩子会离开家，作为一个完全独立的成年人过她自己的生活。设空处修饰名词adult作定语，表示“独立的”，应用dependent的反义词independent，故填independent。
42．We dn’t like t talk with a (distance) persn because he always keeps a persn at a distance.
【答案】distant
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们不喜欢和冷淡的人交谈，因为这样的人总是会与他人保持一定距离。所填应是形容词，作定语修饰名词“persn”，“distance”，名词，意为“距离”，其形容词形式为“distant(遥远的；冷淡的，不友好的)”。故填distant。
43．It was (frtune) enugh t escape frm being injured in the accident.
【答案】frtunate
【详解】 考查形容词。句意：很幸运，我在事故中没有受伤。根据“t escape frm being injured in the accident”可知，此处指没有在事故中受伤是幸运的，应用形容词frtunate“幸运的”作表语。故填frtunate。
44．Sme f these fds may cntain natural materials that are (pisn) t humans.
【答案】pisnus
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些食物中有些可能含有对人类有毒的天然物质。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词作表语，pisnus，表“有毒的”，符合语境。故填pisnus。
45．Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passin fr making the great utdrs (access) t all.
【答案】accessible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：Emmanuel Chappard是一位经验丰富的导游，他热衷于让所有人都能接触到户外自然环境。空处作宾补，表示“可使用的”，为形容词accessible。故填accessible。
46．His teachings shaped the mral and ethical fundatin f Chinese culture, fstering respect fr authrity, (harmny) relatinships, and the pursuit f knwledge.
【答案】harmnius
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的教诲塑造了中国文化的道德和伦理基础，培养了对权威的尊重、和谐的人际关系以及对知识的追求。根据空后relatinships可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词relatinships；harmny的形容词为harmnius“和谐的”。故填harmnius。
47．The prfessr will be t examine specific pints that are (cnfuse) t yu.
【答案】cnfusing
【详解】考查形容词。句意：教授将对你感到困惑的具体问题进行检查。空格处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“pints”（要点），说明这些要点的性质。“cnfusing”表示“令人困惑的”，通常用来修饰事物，指事物本身具有让人困惑的特质。故填cnfusing。
48．Apart frm an (ccasin) nise frm the elephant’s stmach, the frest was silent.
【答案】ccasinal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：除了大象肚子里偶尔发出的声音，森林里一片寂静。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词nise，ccasin的形容词形式为ccasinal，意为“偶尔的”。故填ccasinal。
49．As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by (curisity) fllwers hw t begin an art jurney.
【答案】curius
【详解】考查形容词。句意：作为一名在社交媒体上分享她的艺术之旅的艺术家，我经常被好奇的粉丝问到如何开始一段艺术之旅。此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“fllwers”（追随者），所给词“curisity”是名词，意为“好奇心”，其形容词形式“curius”表示“好奇的”，符合语境。故填curius。
50．Despite its (remte) lcatin, many adventurers still visit this nature reserve every year.
【答案】remte
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管地处偏远，每年仍有许多冒险家参观这个自然保护区。此处为形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词lcatin，remte本身就是形容词，意为“偏远的”，remte lcatin表示“偏远地点，地处偏远”，符合句意。故填remte。
51． (agriculture) develpment depends largely n scientific research.
【答案】Agricultural
【详解】考查形容词。句意：农业的发展在很大程度上依赖于科学研究。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词develpment；agriculture的形容词为agricultural“农业的”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Agricultural。
52．Future huses will have (autmatic) drs, which can recgnize the faces f residents.
【答案】autmatic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：未来的房子将有自动门，可以识别居民的脸。空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词drs，autmatic本身为形容词，意为“自动的”。故填autmatic。
53．Yu’d better d sme sprts every day s that yu can keep yurself (energy).
【答案】energetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你最好每天做一些运动以使自己精力充沛。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处表示“精力充沛的”，应用形容词energetic作宾补。故填energetic。
54．Living in a bilingual envirnment is particularly (benefit) fr children’s language develpment.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意： 生活在双语环境中对孩子的语言发展尤为有利。此处为形容词作表语，benefit的形容词beneficial 意为“有益的”。故填beneficial 。
55．The cmpany's (ffice) website prvides detailed infrmatin abut its prducts.
【答案】fficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的官方网站提供关于其产品的详细信息。设空处作定语，修饰名词website，应用形容词fficial，意为“官方的”。故填fficial。
56．Every jb has its frustratin. Smetimes the narrw-minded peple make me (frustrate).
【答案】frustrated
【详解】考查形容词。句意：每份工作都会有让人感到沮丧的时候。有时候那些心胸狭隘的人会让我感到沮丧。作宾补，修饰人，应用形容词frustrated，故填frustrated。
57．Yu can rely n Tm t help yu ut, because he is a (rely) persn.
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你可以指望汤姆帮你摆脱困境，因为他是一个可靠的人。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词persn，表示“可靠的”应用reliable。故填reliable。
58．It’s unlucky that the rescue team were trapped in the (burn) building.
【答案】burning
【详解】考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，救援队被困在燃烧的大楼里了。根据It’s unlucky that the rescue team were trapped in可知，此处应用burn的现在分词形式burning作形容词，修饰名词building，表示“燃烧的大楼”。故填burning。
59．An early-warning system helps us maintain the eclgical balance by signaling the (urge) need fr taking preventive actin.
【答案】urgent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：预警系统通过发出紧急需要采取预防性措施的信号，帮助我们维持生态平衡。修饰名词need应用形容词urgent，作定语。故填urgent。
60．Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better (glbe) cverage.
【答案】glbal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们的研究表明，大量仅作观测记录的数据并没有带来更好的全球覆盖范围。修饰名词cverage用形容词glbal，作定语。故填glbal。
考向02 考查副词
1．Fr animals their size, ants have been successful, largely due t their wnderful scial behavir. (astnish)
【答案】astnishingly
【详解】考查副词。句意：对于它们这个体型的动物来说，蚂蚁已经取得了惊人的成功，这在很大程度上要归功于它们出色的社会行为。设空处修饰形容词successful，应填副词作状语，astnish的副词形式astnishingly意为“惊人地”，符合语境。故填astnishingly。
2．I ften deal with custmers n the phne and (rare) meet them face t face.
【答案】rarely
【详解】考查副词。句意：我经常在电话里和客户打交道，很少面对面见到他们。空处修饰动词“meet”，需用副词形式，rare是形容词，意为“稀有的；罕见的”，其副词形式为rarely，意为“很少”，符合语境。故填rarely。
3． (typical), human males are 10 percent taller and 20 percent heavier than females.
【答案】Typically
【详解】考查副词。句意：通常情况下，人类男性比女性高10%，重20%。修饰后文整个句子，需用副词typically，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Typically。
4．What is mderatin (适度)? (base), it means eating nly as much fd as yur bdy needs.
【答案】Basically
【详解】考查副词。句意：什么是适度？基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物。空处需用副词作状语修饰整个句子，base的副词为basically“基本上，大体上”，句首首字母需大写。故填Basically。
5．They are traditinally painted n either cttn r silk, with (lse) wven cttn being the mst cmmn.
【答案】lsely
【详解】考查副词。句意：传统上，它们要么画在棉布上，要么画在丝绸上，最常见的是松散编织的棉布。空处修饰形容词wven，应用副词形式。故填lsely。
6．She taught Yim an imprved versin f Shalin Kung Fu, (ultimate) knwn as Wing Chun nw.
【答案】ultimately
【详解】考查副词。句意：她教给Yim一种改良版的少林功夫，其最终被称为咏春拳。修饰动词knwn应用副词ultimately作状语，故填ultimately。
7．It asks lcalities and relevant departments t actively and (public) explre innvative transfrmatin and put new vitality int histrical and cultural heritage.
【答案】publicly
【详解】考查副词。句意：它要求各地和有关部门积极、公开地探索创新转型，为历史文化遗产注入新的活力。空处应与actively并列，用副词作状语修饰动词explre，public的副词为publicly，意为“公开地”。故填publicly。
8．Dragns, they say, are (typical) seen as symbls f chas, described as enemies in Western mythlgy and literature.
【答案】typically
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们说，龙通常被视为混乱的象征，在西方神话和文学中被描述为敌人。本空用副词typically“通常”，修饰动词seen，作状语。故填typically。
9．I came t understand that the pavilins (凉亭)and twers f Jinci Temple in Shanxi are (true) unique in the histry f Chinese architecture.
【答案】truly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我开始明白山西晋祠的亭台楼阁在中国建筑史上确实是独一无二的。修饰形容词unique应用副词truly作状语，故填truly。
10．Dragnbat racing has been ging n fr thusands f years in China, (initial) in hnr f the Chinese water dragn deity (神) in an effrt t call dwn rain and avid misfrtune and disaster.
【答案】initially
【详解】考查副词。句意：龙舟竞赛在中国已有数千年的历史，最初是为了纪念中国的水龙神，目的是为了求雨，避免不幸和灾难。介词短语in hnr f意为“为了纪念……”，应用副词修饰，在句中作状语，initial意为“最初的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为initially，意为“最初地”。故填initially。
11．The game shwcases China’s rich cultural heritage, and its success bsts the Chinese game develpers’ cnfidence in (dmestic) prduced cultural cntent.
【答案】dmestically
【详解】考查副词。句意：这款游戏展示了中国丰富的文化遗产，它的成功增强了中国游戏开发者对国产文化内容的信心。空处修饰动词prduced，应用副词dmestically，意为“国内地”。故填dmestically。
12．Feeling mtivated, I started running (regular), but then tw things happened.
【答案】regularly
【详解】考查副词。句意：受到激励后，我开始定期跑步，但随后发生了两件事。此处修饰动词“running”，需用副词作状语，regular为形容词，意为“定期的”，其副词形式是regularly，意为“定期地”，符合语境。故填regularly。
13．I’d like t aplgize fr behaving (rude) at yur party last night.
【答案】rudely
【详解】考查副词。句意：我想为昨晚在你的派对上举止粗鲁而道歉。空格处需要修饰动词“behaving”，而修饰动词需用副词形式。“rude”是形容词，其副词形式为“rudely”，因此填入“rudely”。故填rudely。
14．I (cnfident) say that if yu make hay while the sun shines, yur dream will cme true.
【答案】cnfidently
【详解】句意：我满怀信心地说，如果你抓住有利时机行事，你的梦想就会实现。修饰动词say，用提示词的副词形式cnfidently“自信地”，作状语。故填cnfidently。
15．Peple like her live amng us, nt differing cnspicuusly (明显地) frm thse wh (instinctive) settle their affairs and figure ut (precise) hw, given their lks, their abilities, and their envirnment, they can d what they need t d in the wrld.
【答案】 instinctively precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意：像她这样的人就生活在我们中间，与那些本能地处理事务，并且根据他们的外貌、能力和环境精确地弄清楚他们如何能够在这个世界上做他们需要做的事情的人没有明显的不同。第一空，空处修饰动词settle，应用副词作状语，instinctive的副词形式为instinctively“本能地，天生的”；第二空，空处修饰动词短语figure ut，应用副词作状语，precise的副词形式为precisely“精确地”。故填①instinctively；②precisely。
16． (actual), it des start with yu — if yu want t change the wrld, change yurself. 应用文（演讲稿）
【答案】Actually
【详解】考查副词。句意：实际上，它确实是从你开始的——如果你想改变世界，就改变你自己。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词actually“实际上”作状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Actually。
17．As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re (increasing) being sighted by humans.
【答案】increasingly
【详解】考查副词。句意：随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以来从未出现过的地方，人类越来越多地看到了它们。空格处用副词increasingly作状语，修饰being sighted，increasingly意为“越来越多地”。故填increasingly。
18．Sn after mving t Switzerland, I threw a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up (exact) n time.
【答案】exactly
【详解】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士不久后，我举办了一场乔迁派对，令我惊讶的是，所有30位宾客竟然都分秒不差地准时出席了。修饰介词短语n time用副词exactly，故填exactly。
19．I was caught in the heavy rain and (cnsequent) I was late.
【答案】cnsequently
【详解】考查副词。句意：我被大雨困住了，因此迟到了。分析句子结构可知，此空应填副词cnsequently，表“因此”。故填cnsequently。
20．I (firm) believe that yu are bund t lead an ideal life with yur cnsistent effrts. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】firmly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我坚信，通过你持续不断的努力，你一定会过上理想的生活。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用副词firmly，修饰动词believe，作状语。故填firmly。
21． (additin), yu can get a participant list and sme meeting infrmatin.
【答案】Additinally
【详解】考查副词。此外，您还可以获得参与者列表和一些会议信息。副词additinally修饰整句。句首单词首字母大写，故填Additinally。
22．The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst (pwer) thrugh the bjects they made.
【答案】pwerfully
【详解】考查副词。句意：加勒比地区的泰诺人（The Caribbean Tain）、澳大利亚原住民（the Australian Abriginals）、贝宁（非洲国家）的非洲族群以及印加人（the Incas），这些群体均在本书中有所提及，如今，他们能借由自身所创造的物品，最为有力地向我们诉说其往昔的辉煌成就。空格处用副词pwerfully修饰动词speak，pwerfully意为“有力地”，和前面的mst构成最高级，故填pwerfully。
23．By taking exercise regularly, I have grwn healthy nt nly physically, but als (mental) in the past few years.
【答案】mentally
【详解】考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里，通过定期锻炼，我不仅身体健康，而且精神健康。此处与“physically”并列，共同修饰形容词“healthy”，需用副词作状语，mental为形容词，意为“精神的”，其副词形式是mentally，意为“精神上”，符合语境。故填mentally。
24．T keep his jb, he (willing) gt ut f sme bad habits.
【答案】willingly
【详解】考查副词。句意：为了保住工作，他心甘情愿地改掉了一些坏习惯。根据下文gt ut f可知，修饰动词短语应该用副词，所以此处用提示词的副词形式willingly作状语，表示“心甘情愿地”改掉坏习惯。故填willingly。
25．He is (wide) regarded as the mst skilful plitician f France.
【答案】widely
【详解】考查副词。句意：他被广泛认为是法国最有技巧的政治家。此处修饰动词“regarded”，需用副词形式，wide为形容词，意为“广泛的”，其副词形式是widely，意为“广泛地”，符合语境。故填widely。
26．Educatin is (vital) imprtant fr ur cuntry’s future.
【答案】vitally
【详解】考查副词。句意：教育对于我们国家的未来而言至关重要。修饰形容词imprtant用副词vitally，故填vitally。
27．The system was clearly nt functining smthly r (transparent).
【答案】transparently
【详解】考查副词。句意：该系统显然运行得并不顺畅，也不够透明。修饰动词functining，用副词transparently，故填transparently。
28．Married wmen have (traditin) been treated as dependent n their husbands.
【答案】traditinally
【详解】考查副词。句意：已婚妇女传统上被视为是依附于其丈夫的。所填词作状语修饰谓语动词have been treated，所填词要用副词。括号里的traditin是名词，对应的副词要在词尾加-ally。故填traditinally。
29．He is (temprary) acting fr her, because she has a bad cugh.
【答案】temprarily
【详解】考查副词。句意：他暂时代替她，因为她咳嗽得很厉害。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词短语acting fr；temprary的副词为temprarily“暂时地”，符合题意。故填temprarily。
30．We’ll d it by urselves. (similar), they wn’t depend n thers.
【答案】Similarly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们将自己动手去做。同样地，他们也不会依赖他人。空格处位于句首，用提示词的副词形式similarly作状语修饰整个句子，表示“同样地、类似地”，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填Similarly。
31．I was (slight) embarrassed when he pinted ut my shrtcming.
【答案】slightly
【详解】考查副词。句意：当他指出我的缺点时，我有点尴尬。此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面形容词embarrassed，slightly，表“略微，轻微地”，符合语境。故填slightly。
32．I’m srry, it was (pure) my misunderstanding.
【答案】purely
【详解】考查副词。句意：很抱歉，那完全是我的误解所致。修饰句子用副词purely，故填purely。
33．Thugh in her teens, the girl can’t use chpsticks (prper).
【答案】prperly
【详解】考查副词。句意：虽然这个女孩十几岁了，但她还是不能正确使用筷子。空处修饰动词use，应用副词prperly，表示“正确地”，作状语。故填prperly。
34．We’d better talk abut this matter (private) t find a better slutin.
【答案】privately
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们最好私下谈谈这件事，找到更好的解决办法。设空处修饰动词短语talk abut，应用副词作状语，故填privately。
35．They had warned me (previus) but I didn’t pay attentin t it.
【答案】previusly
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们之前曾提醒过我，但我当时并未在意。修饰动词warn用副词previusly，故填previusly。
36．The dctr asked the patient t tell him mre (precise) where the pain was.
【答案】precisely
【详解】考查副词。句意：医生要求病人更准确地告诉他疼痛的部位。空处修饰动词tell，应填副词precisely“准确地”作状语，故填precisely。
37．This prject has been deleted (permanent) because f its drawbacks.
【答案】permanently
【详解】考查副词。句意：由于存在缺陷，该项目已被永久删除。修饰动词deleted用副词permanently，故填permanently。
38．The truck driver is nly (part) respnsible fr the accident.
【答案】partly
【详解】考查副词。句意：卡车司机对这起事故只负部分责任。此处修饰形容词“respnsible”，需用副词形式，part为名词或动词，意为“部分”或“分开”，其副词形式是partly，意为“部分地”，符合语境。故填partly。
39．Hard wrk des nt (necessary) lead t success in this wrk.
【答案】necessarily
【详解】考查副词。句意：在这项工作中，努力工作并不一定能带来成功。lead t是动词短语，在句中作谓语，修饰动词要用副词。necessary为形容词，意思是“必要的”，其副词形式是necessarily 。nt necessarily是常见表达，意为“不一定” ，在此处用来修饰lead t。故填necessarily。
40．He is always (neat) dressed when he shws up in the ffice.
【答案】neatly
【详解】考查副词。句意：他每次出现在办公室时总是穿着整洁得体。修饰形容词dressed用副词neatly，故填neatly。
41．I (narrw) escaped being run ver by the truck. It was really lucky.
【答案】narrwly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我险些被卡车碾过。真的很幸运。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词escaped，narrw的副词形式是narrwly，表示“险些”，符合语境。故填narrwly。
42．Yu can drive n this rad (legal) withut being fined.
【答案】legally
【详解】考查副词。句意：你可以在这条路上合法驾驶而不被罚款。设空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词drive，legal的副词形式是legally，意为“合法地”，符合语境。故填legally。
43．The mment the telephne rang, she rushed ut (instant).
【答案】instantly
【详解】考查副词。句意：电话一响，她就立刻冲了出去。空处应用副词作状语修饰动词rushed，instant的副词形式为instantly“立刻，马上”。故填instantly。
44．The thief (hurry) ran away when he heard smene cugh.
【答案】hurriedly
【详解】考查副词。句意：小偷听到有人咳嗽就急忙跑掉了。分析句子可知，设空处应填副词作状语，修饰谓语动词ran，hurry的副词形式是hurriedly，意为“匆忙地”，符合语境。故填hurriedly。
45．He said (desperate) that the ther team was t strng.
【答案】desperately
【详解】考查副词。句意：他绝望地说另一队太强大了。空处修饰动词said，应用副词desperately，表示“绝望地”，作状语。故填desperately。
46．I’m (awful) srry fr the mistake I’ve made.
【答案】awfully
【详解】考查副词。句意：我为我所犯的错误感到非常抱歉。此处修饰形容词“srry”，需用副词形式，awful为形容词，意为“糟糕的”，其副词形式是awfully，意为“非常，极其”，符合语境。故填awfully。
47．I’m (terrible) srry that I left yur bk in the apartment last night.
【答案】terribly
【详解】考查副词。句意：非常抱歉，我昨晚把你的书落在公寓里了。空格处用副词terribly修饰形容词srry，terribly意为“非常”，故填terribly。
48．The pickpcket tk the ld wman’s purse (swift).
【答案】swiftly
【详解】考查副词。句意：扒手迅速拿走了老妇人的钱包。此处修饰动词“tk”，需用副词作状语，swift为形容词，意为“迅速的”，其副词形式是swiftly，意为“迅速地”，符合语境。故填swiftly。
49．The price was (surprise) lw. I dubt if it is a gd thing.
【答案】surprisingly
【详解】考查副词。句意：价格低得惊人。我怀疑这是不是一件好动词。空处应填副词形式，修饰形容词lw，故填surprisingly。
50．They gt married (secret) withut letting any f their relatives knw it.
【答案】secretly
【详解】考查副词。句意：他们秘密结婚了，没有让任何亲戚知道。空格处用副词secretly修饰动词短语gt married，secretly意为“秘密地”。故填secretly。
考向03 考查动词
一、完成句子
1．由于缺少工具，我们别无选择只能找人来修理这台机器。（“have + 宾语 + 宾补”结构）
Fr lack f tls, we have n chice but t .
【答案】 have the machine repaired/fixed
【详解】考查have复合结构。根据中英文及试题要求可知，此处应用“have + 宾语 + 宾补”复合结构表示“找人来修理这台机器”，表示“机器”用the machine，作宾语；表示“修理”用repair或fix，因其与宾语之间为被动关系，即“机器被修理”，所以应用其过去分词形式作宾补。且此结构位于不定式符号t之后，have应用原形。故填①have②the③machine④repaired/fixed。
2．Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, , and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities.
旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区发展。
【答案】makes us better peple
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“使我们成为更好的人”，“使某人成为……”可以用“make sb. + 名词”的结构来表示，“我们”us，“更好的人”better peple，空处动词make与谓语prmtes，expands，bsts并列，一般现在时，应使用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填makes us better peple。
3．在长期的发展过程中，少数民族之间形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。
In the lng-term develpment, the ethnic grups .
【答案】have frmed diverse/varied custms
【详解】考查时态、动词、形容词和名词。“形成”可用及物动词frm表示；“各不相同的”可用形容词diverse/varied表示，修饰“风俗习惯”；“风俗习惯”可表示为custm，这里是各不相同的风俗习惯，应用名词复数，作宾语。根据In the lng-term develpment和“形成了”可知，这里表示已完成的动作，应用现在完成时。主语grups为复数，谓语用复数。故填have frmed diverse/varied custms。
4．Wuld yu like t yurself （与……比较） yur sister?
【答案】 cmpare with
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：你愿意把自己和你姐姐比较一下吗？分析句子可知，设空处应填动词短语，“与…… 比较” 是 ，wuld like t 后接动词原形。故填 cmpare; with。
5．T his surprise, he didn’t (注意到钱包被人偷) n the bus.
【答案】ntice his wallet stlen
【详解】考查动词、名词和非谓语动词。句意：令他惊讶的是，他没有注意到他的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。“注意到”应用及物动词ntice表示，“钱包”应用wallet表示，“他的钱包”应表示为his wallet，“偷”应用及物动词steal表示。“ntice+宾语+宾补”是固定结构，宾语his wallet和steal之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作宾补。空前有didn’t，其后跟动词原形。故填ntice his wallet stlen。
6．Yu are n lnger a little child, .
你不再是小孩子了，所以该你做最后的决定了。
【答案】s it’s up t yu t make a final decisin
【详解】考查固定搭配，动词，名词。中文“所以”表明前后为因果关系，英语需用 ​s 连接。“该你做决定”对应英语固定结构 ​it’s up t yu t d sth.，“作决定”使用动词短语make a decisin，“最后的”使用形容词final， “做最后的决定”则为make a final decisin。故填​s it’s up t yu t make a final decisin。
7．What made him happy was that after all these years he at last (还清所有债务).
【答案】paid ff all his debts
【详解】考查一般过去时 ，固定搭配。句意：让他高兴的是，经过这么多年他终于还清了所有债务。“还清债务”英文表达是pay ff debts，在金融英语中特指"清偿、还清"，债务要用复数形式debts，此处需要加形容词性物主代词限定，即pay ff his debts。根据时间状语“after all these years”和句意可知，本句使用一般过去时，故答案为：paid ff all his debts。
8．总而言之，我的责任感会使我成为一个合格的志愿者。(名词作宾补)
All in all, my sense f respnsibility will .
【答案】make me a qualified vlunteer
【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。“使”作谓语，用使役动词make，用原形与助动词will构成一般将来时态；宾语“我”用宾格代词me；“一个合格的志愿者”作宾语补足语，用a qualified vlunteer表示。故填make me a qualified vlunteer。
9．Night was appraching and the hting f the wl .
夜幕降临，猫头鹰的叫声让我们脊背发凉。
【答案】made ur spines tingle
【详解】考查一般过去时，固定结构。make sth/sb d”是省略不定式符号t的用法，spine表示“脊柱”，tingle表示“刺痛;感到刺痛”，made ur spines tingle形象地表达出因猫头鹰叫声而产生的害怕的生理反应，即“脊背发凉”，句子描述过去事实，以此使用一般过去时。故填made ur spines tingle。
10．全校师生积极参与了这次越野赛跑。
All the teachers and students the crss-cuntry running race.
【答案】gt actively invlved in /invlved themselves actively in
【详解】考查动词短语，副词。“参与”可使用动词短语“get invlved in sth.”或“invlve neself in sth.”，“积极地”使用副词“actively”作状语修饰动作，本句描述过去的事实，因此需要使用一般过去时。故答案为：gt actively invlved in/invlved themselves actively in。
11．博物馆培训科学家与学生合作，并为他们提供为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会。（ffer）
The museum trains its scientists t wrk with students and .
【答案】ffers them ne-year-lng, scientist-mentred research pprtunities
【详解】考查动词，名词，形容词。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“为他们提供为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会”，“为某人提供某物”使用动词“ffer”接双宾语的搭配“ffer sb. sth.”，句中and连接并列谓语，由前文谓语动词“trains”可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词ffer同样用单数形式ffers，“他们”为代词them作间接宾语，“为期一年的由科学家指导的研究机会”整体作直接宾语，其中“为期一年的”使用“ne-year-lng”，“由科学家指导的”译为“scientist-mentred”，“研究机会”译为“research pprtunities”。故填：ffers them ne-year-lng, scientist-mentred research pprtunities。
12．即使我不会把追求作为我的人生事业，我仍然会把继续学习和弹钢琴作为我的爱好。
, I will still make it my hbby t cntinue learning and playing the pian.
【答案】Even thugh I will nt pursue it as my life’s wrk
【详解】考查让步状语从句，名词，动词，介词。“即使”使用连词“even thugh”引导让步状语从句,此句描述将来发生的事，时态为一般将来时，主语是“我”I；“追求”使用动词“pursue”是及物动词，“不会追求”是will nt pursue；用it指代“追求”；“作为”使用介词as，“事业”即工作，可使用名词“wrk”，“我的”可使用形容词性物主代词“my”，“人生的”可通过所有格的形式表达，作为定语置于名词前，即“life’s”，“我的人生事业”为my life’s wrk。故答案为：Even thugh I will nt pursue it as my life’s wrk。
13．The reward , and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
【答案】makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。“这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环”描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“使”为动词make，主语是单数，谓语动词make应用三单形式，“有可能做某事”为likely t d sth.，“更有可能”为much mre likely，“继续”为动词cntinue，“这一循环”为the cycle，故填makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle
14．他正要去会场，突然想起会议已经延期到下周了。（ccur）
He g t the meeting that the meeting had been pstpned t the next week.
【答案】 was abut t when it ccurred t him
【详解】考查固定句式和动词。固定句式be abut t d “正要做某事...这时...”，描述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，由主语为He可知此处要用was abut t；表达“突然想起”应用动词短语ccur t sb.。故填①was abut t②when it ccurred t him。
15．越来越多的人开始重视经济与环境的均衡发展。(attach)
peple begin t between ecnmy and envirnment.
【答案】 An increasing number f attach imprtance t the balanced develpment
【详解】考查固定短语a number f。“越来越多的”用于修饰peple，peple表示复数概念，所以此处用an increasing number f 表示；设空处位于句首，所以首字母大写，故第一空填An increasing number f。
考查动词短语。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语begin t d sth.意为“开始做某事”，所以设空后的动词attach用动词原形；“重视”用attach imprtance t 表示；“均衡发展”用the balanced develpment表示；故第二空填attach imprtance t the balanced develpment。
16．学习了一段时间之后，你应当起来活动活动。
After studying fr sme time, yu ught t get up and .
【答案】stretch yur legs
【详解】考查动词代词和名词。and 表示并列，前后形式一致，ught t d，所以用动词原形，活动活动就是伸展一下腿，主语是你，所以是你的腿 yur legs。故填stretch yur legs。
17．班主任要求所有学生把教室打扫得整洁又干净。（make）
The headteacher asked all the students t tidy and clean.
【答案】make the classrm
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。ask sb.t d sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，所以空格处应填动词原形；make+宾语+宾语补足语表示“使……处于某种状态”，所以空格处应填make the classrm。故填make the classrm。
18．使他父母生气的是他总是熬夜看小说。（what）
was that he always stayed up reading nvels.
【答案】What made his parents angry
【详解】考查名词性从句。表达“使他父母生气”应使用动词短语make their parents angry；表达“的（东西）是”因使用what。分析句子及提示词可知，空处应填what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。根据was可知，句子应使用一般过去时。表达“使他父母生气的是”应用what made his parents angry。句子首字母大写。故填What made his parents angry。
19．用更好、更现实的想法取代不好的想法，快乐的情绪就会随之而来。
the bad thughts better, and mre realistic nes and happier emtins wuld fllw.
【答案】 Replace with
【详解】考查祈使句，动词短语。表示“用...取代...”应使用动词短语，该短语是祈使句的谓语，所以使用动词原形，句首首字母大写。故填①Replace②with。
20．很难想象他们在如此短的时间内梦想成真了。
It is hard t imagine that they within such a shrt time.
【答案】made their dream a reality
【详解】考查一般过去时和复合宾语。该句是复合句，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语；从句在描述一个表示过去的客观事实，所以句子用一般过去时；make+宾语+宾语补足语，即make后面是复合宾语，“梦想成真”翻译为make their dream a reality。故答案为made their dream a reality。
二、翻译
21．只有在回顾每一堂课和每一句鼓励的话时，他才意识到老师在他的性格中埋下了多么深刻的影响。(汉译英)

【答案】Only by lking back n each lessn and every encuraging wrd did he realize the prfund impact his teacher had wven int the fabric f his character.
【详解】考查动词时态和倒装句。“只有”使用nly，“通过”使用by，“回顾”使用动词短语“lk back”，位于介词后面使用动名词作宾语,“每一个”使用形容词“each或every”,“课”使用名词“lessn”，“话”使用名词“wrd”，“鼓励的”使用形容词“encuraging”，“意识到”使用动词“realize”，“老师”使用名词“teacher”，“嵌入，埋入”使用动词短语“weave int”，“在……中埋下……”可表达为“weave int the fabric f…”，“深刻的”使用名词“prfund”，“影响”使用名词“impact”，因此“深刻的影响”即为“prfund impact”，“性格”使用名词“character”，句子主干可表达为“sb. realize the prfund impact”，此处“使用定语从句修饰“prfund impact”，prfund impact在从句中作weave的宾语，连词省略，本句描述过去事实，因此需要使用一般过去时，其中weave发生在realize之前，因此需要使用过去完成时，“老师在他的性格中埋下的影响”，即“the prfund impact his teacher had weaved prfund impact int the fabric f his character.”，“只有”使用副词“nly”，且通过使用“nly+状语”置于句首的形式采用部分倒装，助动词did置于主语之前。故答案为：Only by lking back n each lessn and every encuraging wrd did he realize the prfund impact his teacher had wven int the fabric f his character.
22．就是这次旅行改变了我，给了我全新的生活。(汉译英)

【答案】It was the jurney that changed me, giving me an entirely new life.
【详解】考查强调句，一般过去时，名词，形容词，副词。先翻译句子整体，即“这次旅行改变了我，给了我全新的生活。”，“这次旅行”译为“the jurney”，“改变”使用动词“change”，“给某人某物”即“give sb. sth”,“全新的”使用形容词及副词搭配，即“entirely new”，本句描述过去事实，因此需要使用一般过去时，句子主体为：the jurney changed me，“给了我全新的生活”作为非谓语动词作伴随状语，此处表述主动及同时发生，故表达为“giving me an entirely new life.”，因此句子翻译为：the jurney changed me, giving me an entirely new life. 将句子主语进行强调，表达“就是……”的意义。故翻译为It was the jurney that changed me, giving me an entirely new life.
23．正是这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心。(汉译英)

【答案】It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shuldn't lse heart.
【详解】考查强调句，一般过去时，形容词，名词，动词，让步状语从句，被动语态，情态动词。先确定句子整体结构，“正是……使得……”使用强调句结构，即“it is/was +被强调成分+that…”，“使某人做某事”使用“make sb. d sth.”结构，“无论……，我们都会”使用让步状语从句，先将句式核心进行翻译，“独特的经历”使用形容词及名词搭配，即“unique experience”，“面临困难”表达为“be faced with difficulty”，“失去信心”表达为“lse heart”，“无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心”作为“understand”的宾语从句，“无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心”使用让步结构的表达。即“whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shuldn't lse heart.”，将句子先整理为完整的陈述句，“这种独特的经历使我理解了无论我们面临什么困难，我们都不应失去信心。”即“this unique experience made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shuldn't lse heart.”，然后对主语进行强调。即“It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shuldn't lse heart.”。故答案为：It was this unique experience that made me understand whatever difficulty we are faced with, we shuldn't lse heart.
24．任何人仅凭记单词是不可能考出好成绩的，更不用说具有和外国人交流的能力了。 (nly)

【答案】N ne can achieve gd grades nly by memrizing wrds, let alne acquire the ability t cmmunicate with freigners.
【详解】考查固定结构，动词，复习，介词，名词。描述客观事实用一般现在时。“仅凭”译为nly by，强调单一方式。“记单词”用动名词短语memrize wrds，“仅凭记单词”则为by merely memrizing wrds，“考出好成绩”译为achieve gd grades，固定短语“let alne”用于递进否定，后接动词原形“具备”即acquire"。英语中“能力”常接不定式，即ability t d，“与……交流”译为cmmunicate with，“和外国人交流的能力”则为the ability t cmmunicate with freigners。主语“N ne”表达否定即“任何人”，将以上词块整合成句子，故答案为：N ne can achieve gd grades nly by memrizing wrds, let alne acquire the ability t cmmunicate with freigners.
25．周围有些人在闲聊，我发现我很难集中精力于学业上。(find)
I with sme peple having small talks arund me.
【答案】find it hard t cncentrate n my studies
【详解】考查it作形式宾语，动词，名词，介词。“发现”可使用动词“find”，“困难的”可使用形容词“hard”，“集中精力”可使用动词“cncentrate”，名词“学习”可使用名词“study”此处为可数名词，需使用复数形式表示“学业”，“我的”可使用形容词性物主代词“my”表示，因此“集中精力在学业上”可通过短语“cncentrate n studies”表示，本句可使用句式结构：“find +宾语+宾补”的结构，本句中出现两个动词，因此需使用非谓语动词的形式，即“find”作谓语，使用it作形式宾语，非谓语动词不定式作真正宾语的形式，形容词“hard”作为补语。即：find it hard t cncentrate n my studies。故答案为：find it hard t cncentrate n my studies.
26．正如预期的那样，艺术节引起了游客对民俗文化的兴趣。(generate)

【答案】As (was) expected, the art festival generated the turists’/visitrs’ interest in flk culture.
【详解】考查动词generate的用法。generate是动词，意思是“产生;引起”，“艺术节”的英文是Art Festival，“民俗文化”的英文是flk culture，“游客”的英文可以是turist或者visitr。整个句子可以处理成主从复合句，主句部分为简单的主谓宾结构，从句考查as引导的非限制定语从句“As was expecte”，其中was可以省略。根据句意，整个句子属于一般过去时，故可翻译为As (was) expected, the art festival generated the turists’/visitrs’ interest in flk culture.
27．遍布全世界的年轻人全都自告奋勇去用自己的知识和技能帮助他人。(vlunteer)

【答案】Yung peple all ver the wrld vlunteer t help thers with their knwledge and skills.
【详解】考查固定搭配、动词、非谓语动词和名词。“遍布全世界的”可翻译为all ver the wrld，为介词短语，作定语修饰“年轻人”（yung peple）；“自告奋勇……”可翻译为vlunteer t d...，vlunteer为及物动词，不定式作宾语；“用”可用介词with表示，其后跟名词作宾语；“知识”可翻译为knwledge，作宾语；“技能”可翻译为skills，作宾语；“帮助”可翻译为help，为及物动词；“他人”可表示为thers。故本句可翻译为：Yung peple all ver the wrld vlunteer t help thers with their knwledge and skills.
28．当地政府已经发起了一项活动来促进垃圾分类。(campaign)
【答案】The lcal gvernment has launched a campaign t prmte garbage classificatin.
【详解】考查动词、名词、时态和非谓语动词。“当地政府”可表示为the lcal gvernment，在句中作主语，谓语应用单数形式；“发起”可表示为launch，为及物动词，在句中充当谓语，根据句中的“已经”可知，这里应用现在完成时；“活动”可表示为campaign，为可数名词，在句中作宾语；“促进”可表示为prmte，为及物动词，根据句意可知，这里表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语；“垃圾分类”可表示为garbage classificatin，为名词短语，在句中作宾语。故本句可翻译为：The lcal gvernment has launched a campaign t prmte garbage classificatin.
29．在青少年的成长过程中，父母应当对他们言传身教，确保他们身心健康发展。 (make sure)

【答案】During the grwth f teenagers, parents shuld teach them by precept and example t make sure that they are able t develp well mentally and physically.
【详解】考查动词短语搭配和不定式作状语。在青少年的成长过程中翻译为“During the grwth f teenagers”；言传身教翻译为“teach sb by precept and example ”; 身心健康发展翻译为“develp well mentally and physically”。故整句翻译为：During the grwth f teenagers, parents shuld teach them by precept and example t make sure that they are able t develp well mentally and physically.
30．我很幸运在我的生活中有这么一位好的英语老师。我相信，如果没有她的帮助，我现在的英语学习可能还很困难。

【答案】I feel very lucky t have such a gd English teacher in my life. I’m sure that, withut her help, I might be still struggling with my English study nw．
【详解】考查感官动词，形容词，动词不定式，宾语从句，介词，虚拟语气和一般现在时。 “感到”为feel； “幸运的”为lucky，表示“我很幸运”用I feel very lucky；形容词后加动词不定式； “这样的”为such；所以前半句翻译为I feel very lucky t have such a gd English teacher in my life.。表示“我相信”用I’m sure that在句中是主句，后面是that引导的宾语从句； “没有”用介词withut；表示“如果没有她的帮助”用withut her help，该句虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，主句用might +动词原形，一直做用might be ding；表示“困难”用短语struggle with；表示 “我的英语学习”应用my English study。故翻译为I feel very lucky t have such a gd English teacher in my life. I’m sure that, withut her help, I might be still struggling with my English study nw．
题型一 阅读理解
1
（2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）In the 2010s, 34-year-ld Brianne Miller travelled arund the wrld as a marine bilgist. N matter hw remte the lcatin, she made the same alarming discvery: huge amunts f plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed t d smething.
Canadians thrw ut three millin tns f plastic waste each year, 33 percent f which cmes frm fd packaging. Apprximately ne third f all fd prduced wrldwide ges t waste, t. Miller, determined t fix the prblem, imagined a shp that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avided bth wasteful packaging and the bad habit f wasting fd itself.
In June 2018, Miller pened her first zer-waste grcery stre in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed t make the zer-waste shpping experience easy. Yu can bring yur wn cntainers, thugh it’s nt necessary: right by the frnt dr are sanitized (消毒过的) glass r plastic cntainers, free fr the taking.
Nada sells varius fd items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the stre desn’t try t cmpete n price. Fr example, ppcrn with paper package at a regular stre may cst 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a custmer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even s, zer-waste shpping can still cme with savings. Take prducts that typically cme packaged in large cntainers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part f the traditinal cst wuld be in that glass jar.
Althugh the early days f the pandemic were tugh n the business, Miller timely turned t nline rdering and delivery, thugh in a very Nada way. Everything frm live il t fresh eggs cmes delivered in sanitized cntainers, which are cllected with the next rund f deliveries.
Thse cntainers d s much mre than just reduce waste. They get peple thinking big, just as Miller hped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, s yu can see hw many times the cntainer has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
24．Brianne Miller was inspired t start her business by the fact that ______.
A．fd packaging generated tns f wasteB．plastic litters psed a threat t marine life
C．peple frmed the bad habit f wasting fdD．lts f fd prduced wrldwide went t waste
25．Which f the fllwing can best describe Miller?
A．Brave and cautius.B．Caring and humrus.
C．Creative and determined.D．Optimistic and thughtful.
26．What can be learned frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Miller thinks her effrts wrthwhile.
B．Miller stpped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serius lsses because f the pandemic.
D．Cntainers were recycled during the pandemic t save mney.
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Miller通过开设了零废物杂货店，提供消毒玻璃杯或塑料容器来装食物。她通过这样的方式来告诉人们：没有包装就没有废品。
24．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“N matter hw remte the lcatin, she made the same alarming discvery: huge amunts f plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed t d smething.(无论地点有多偏远，她都有同样令人震惊的发现：大量的塑料垃圾乱扔在水中，威胁着海洋生物。Miller知道她需要做点什么。)”和第二段“Canadians thrw ut three millin tns f plastic waste each year, 33 percent f which cmes frm fd packaging. Apprximately ne third f all fd prduced wrldwide ges t waste, t. Miller, determined t fix the prblem, imagined a shp that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avided bth wasteful packaging and the bad habit f wasting fd itself.(加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾，其中33%来自食品包装。全世界大约有三分之一的食物被浪费掉了。米勒决心解决这个问题，他想象了一家比禁止塑料袋更进一步的商店——一个既避免了浪费包装又避免了浪费食物本身的坏习惯的地方。)”可知，Brianne Miller的创业想法来自于塑料垃圾对海洋生物构成威胁。故选B。
25．推理判断题。 根据第三段中“In June 2018, Miller pened her first zer-waste grcery stre in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed t make the zer-waste shpping experience easy.(2018年6月，米勒在加拿大开设了她的第一家零废物杂货店。她将其命名为Nada，并确保一切都是为了让零浪费的购物体验变得容易。)”和第四段中“Nada sells varius fd items, all 100 percent package-free.(Nada出售各种食品，都是100%无包装的。)”可知，Miller开设了零废物杂货店，说明她富有创造力；根据第二段中“Miller, determined t fix the prblem(Miller，下定决心解决这个问题……)”和倒数第二段中“Althugh the early days f the pandemic were tugh n the business, Miller timely turned t nline rdering and delivery, thugh in a very Nada way.(尽管疫情初期的生意很艰难，但Miller及时转向了在线订购和送货，尽管是以一种非常简单的方式。)”可知，Miller认准了目标，就会下定决心去实现它，说明她有决心。因此可用creative和determined来描述Miller。故选C。
26．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Thse cntainers d s much mre than just reduce waste. They get peple thinking big, just as Miller hped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, s yu can see hw many times the cntainer has been used,” she says, and then smiles.(这些容器所做的不仅仅是减少浪费。正如Miller所希望的那样，它们让人们胸怀大志。“它们都贴上了Nada贴纸，所以你可以看到这个容器被使用了多少次，”她说，然后笑了。)”可推知，Miller的努力不仅减少了浪费，而且让人们认识到环保的重要性，她认为她的努力是值得的。故选A。
2
（2025·北京朝阳·六校联考）The artificial intelligence (AI) sectr has scillated between enthusiasm and skepticism in recent years. Tech giants including Alphabet, Amazn, and Micrsft cllectively pured nearly 200 billin int AI infrastructure in 2024 alne, surpassing the GDP f natins like Hungary r New Zealand. Nvidia, dminating the AI-chip market, witnessed its valuatin skyrcket t 3.4 trillin as chip sales dubled — a grwth rate three times faster than the semicnductr industry average. Meanwhile, server prviders like Dell reprted unprecedented demand, with AI server shipments jumping 78% year-n-year, signaling AI’s transfrmative ptential acrss industries frm drug discvery t autnmus driving.
Yet beneath the surface, challenges lm. Training advanced AI mdels cnsumes staggering energy — equivalent t pwering 15 millin US husehlds annually — raising cncerns abut lng-term viability (可持续性). In regins like Ireland, data centers already cnsume 18% f natinal electricity, straining aging pwer grids. Server manufacturers and energy firms struggle t meet data-center demands, with delivery delays fr AI-ptimized servers extending t 48 weeks in 2024. Critics argue that current investments mirrr past tech bubbles: the $200 billin AI infrastructure spending represents 65% f the 1999 dt-cm bubble’s peak investment adjusted fr inflatin. Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity t revlutinize healthcare—such as cutting cancer drug develpment time frm 10 years t 18 mnths — justifies shrt-term csts.” Hwever, ppnents cunter that prfit-driven crpratins priritize market dminance ver ethical cnsideratins, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics bard disbandment as evidence.
Amid these munting pressures, cmpetitin is ging t further cmplicates the landscape f AI develpment. Upstart (新兴的) firms like UK-based Graphcre and China’s Cambricn challenge industry leaders by creating cmpact, energy-efficient AI tls. Fr instance, startups nw ffer specialized chips such as Graphcre’s IPU (Intelligence Prcessing Unit) at 40% lwer csts than Nvidia’s prducts, demcratizing access t AI technlgy. This fragmentatin mirrrs the 1980s PC market shakeup, where IBM’s dminance was erded by agile cmpetitrs. Investrs, initially infatuated with AI’s prmise, grw wary f ver-cmmitment. A recent McKinsey survey revealed 62% f sharehlders believe AI firms must clarify their financial strategies within tw years, a demand intensified by OpenAI’s $540 millin quarterly lsses despite ChatGPT’s success.
In additin, the envirnmental effects make it increasingly urgent t tackle this challenge head-n. Data centers accunt fr 3% f glbal electricity use — a figure matching aviatin’s carbn ftprint — prjected t triple by 2030. The Internatinal Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI grwth culd increase glbal CO₂ emissins by 1.5% annually, undermining climate gals. While cmpanies like Micrsft invest in renewable energy, cnstructing slar farms t pwer Arizna data centers, critics demand stricter regulatins. The EU’s prpsed Artificial Intelligence Act nw includes prvisins requiring energy transparency fr AI systems. Dr. Emily Zhu, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accmpanied by rbust regulatry measures, AI’s eclgical envirnment risks ffsetting its technlgical advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbn tax initiative targeting data centers — a plicy framewrk t balance industrial prgress with envirnmental management.”
As the AI sectr grapples with escalating energy cnsumptin, ethical cntrversies, and speculative investment patterns, the AI industry stands at a crssrads. Its ptential t reshape ecnmies is undeniable — PwC estimates AI culd cntribute $15.7 trillin t glbal GDP by 2030—but unchecked grwth risks eclgical harm and market instability. The 2024 glbal AI Gvernance Summit highlighted the need fr internatinal standards, yet cnsensus remains elusive. But, the path frward requires bth technlgical breakthrughs and a shift in pririties — making carbn-neutral data centers and transparent AI gvernance essential, nt ptinal.
31．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f AI spending, the authr is ______.
A．supprtiveB．dubtfulC．criticalD．uncncerned
32．What des the wrd “infatuated” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Shcked.B．Prtected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.
33．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．AI’s envirnmental csts may reduce its benefits withut plicy interventin.
B．Renewable energy investments can reslve sustainability issues cmpletely.
C．Stricter regulatins shuld priritize eclgical prtectin ver market instability.
D．Tech cmpanies’ ethical cnsideratins are sufficient t address energy demands.
34．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI Investment: Balancing Shrt-Term Csts and Lng-Term Viability
B．Data Centers’ Energy Use: The Hidden Crisis Behind AI Develpment
C．When Innvatin Breeds Chas: Why AI Develpment Must Slw Dwn
D．Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Transfrmatin Amid Emerging Challenges
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能发展面临的挑战与前景。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Alan Smith, a tech analyst, defends the spending, “AI’s capacity t revlutinize healthcare — such as cutting cancer drug develpment time frm 10 years t 18 mnths — justifies shrt-term csts.” Hwever, ppnents cunter that prfit-driven crpratins priritize market dminance ver ethical cnsideratins, citing Meta’s 2023 AI ethics bard disbandment as evidence.(科技分析师Alan Smith为这笔支出辩护说：“人工智能有能力革新医疗保健领域，比如将癌症药物的开发时间从10年缩短到18个月，这就证明了短期成本的合理性。”然而，反对者利润驱动的公司将市场主导地位置于道德考虑之上，并引用Meta 2023年人工智能道德委员会的解散作为证据)”可知，作者先引用了Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的观点，紧接着用“Hwever”转折，引出反对者的观点。由此推知，作者对Alan Smith为AI支出辩护的态度是怀疑的。故选B。
32．词句猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后“grw wary f ver-cmmitment(变得非常警惕过度承诺)”可知，说明投资者开始对AI的态度发生了变化，故划线处指投资者最初被AI的潜力所吸引，infatuated与A项Attracted“吸引”词义相近。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The Internatinal Energy Agency warns that unregulated AI grwth culd increase glbal CO₂ emissins by 1.5% annually, undermining climate gals(国际能源机构警告说，不受监管的人工智能增长可能会使全球二氧化碳排放量每年增加1.5%，破坏气候目标)”及“Dr. Emily Zhu, a sustainability researcher at Tsinghua University, warns, “Unless accmpanied by rbust regulatry measures, AI’s eclgical envirnment risks ffsetting its technlgical advancements, as exemplified by China’s carbn tax initiative targeting data centers — a plicy framewrk t balance industrial prgress with envirnmental management.”(清华大学的可持续发展研究员周博士警告说，“除非伴随着强有力的监管措施，AI的生态环境风险会抵消其技术进步，正如中国针对数据中心的碳税举措所示——这是一个平衡工业进步与环境管理的政策框架”)”可推知，如果没有政策干预，人工智能的环境成本可能会降低其效益。故选A。
34．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能在发展过程中面临的挑战，如能源消耗、伦理争议、投机投资模式等，同时也提到了人工智能的潜力和前景。由此可知，D选项“人工智能：在新兴挑战中寻求转型”最能概括文章的主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D。
题型二 语法填空
（2025届北京市第二中学高三下学期4月模拟英语试题）Munt Wuyi is the mst utstanding area fr bidiversity cnservatin in suth-east China and a place fr 36 large number f ancient, relict species, many f them unique 37 China. The breathtaking beauty f the grges f the Nine Bend River, with its numerus temples, many nw in ruins, prvided the setting fr the develpment and spread f Cnfucian- ism, which has been 38 (influence) in the cultures f East Asia since the 11th century. Munt Wuyi was listed as a Wrld Cultural and Natural Heritage Site in 1999 fr 39 (it) rich culture fr thusands f years, Danxia landfrm and a wide 40 (varius) f animals and plants. Als, it 41 (annunce) as the Natinal AAAAA Turist Area in 2007 and has lng been an exciting place fr beautiful sightseeing and summer resrts.
The natural landscape is cmbined with a strng humanistic and cultural atmsphere in Munt Wuyi. 42 (take) a bamb raft and flating dwn the stream, visitrs can enjy the natural scenery f wnderful muntains and rivers, meet mysterius hanging cffins alng the banks f the river, 43 admire the ver 2000-year-ld Han Dynasty ancient ruins and the academy 44 Zhuxi lectured fr 10 years. As tea culture 45 (becme) mre and mre ppular in recent years, tea explratin is a reasn fr mre and mre peple t visit Munt Wuyi.
【答案】
36．a 37．t 38．influential 39．its 40．variety 41．was annunced 42．Taking 43．and 44．where 45．has becme
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武夷山的风景地貌。
36．考查冠词。句意：武夷山是中国东南部生物多样性保护最突出的地区，拥有大量古老的遗存物种，其中许多是中国独有的。a large number f表示“许多，大量的”。故填a。
37．考查介词。句意：武夷山是中国东南部生物多样性保护最突出的地区，拥有大量古老的遗存物种，其中许多是中国独有的。unique t表示“对……来说是独特的”。故填t。
38．考查形容词。句意：九弯河峡谷令人叹为观止的美景，及其众多的寺庙，其中许多现在已成为废墟，为儒家思想的发展和传播提供了环境，自11世纪以来，儒家思想一直对东亚文化产生影响。根据“which has been”可知，空处需填形容词作表语，influence作名词，表示“影响”，形容词influential表示“有影响力的”符合句意。故填influential。
39．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：1999年，武夷山因其数千年的丰富文化、丹霞地貌和种类繁多的动植物而被列入世界文化和自然遗产名录。根据“rich culture”可知，空处需填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
40．考查名词。句意：1999年，武夷山因其数千年的丰富文化、丹霞地貌和种类繁多的动植物而被列入世界文化和自然遗产名录。根据“a wide”可知，空处需填单数名词，varius作形容词，表示“各种各样的”，名词是variety，表示“多样化，种类”。故填variety。
41．考查时态语态。句意：此外，它于2007年被宣布为国家5A级旅游区，长期以来一直是一个令人兴奋的美丽的观光和避暑胜地。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，时间状语是“in 2007”，用一般过去时，主语“it”和“annunce”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was annunced。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“can enjy”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“visitrs”和“take”是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填Taking。
43．考查连词。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，“enjy the natural scenery f wnderful muntains and rivers, meet mysterius hanging cffins alng the banks f the river”和“admire the ver 2000-year-ld Han Dynasty ancient ruins and the academy”之间是并列关系，故填and。
44．考查定语从句。句意：乘坐竹筏顺流而下，游客可以欣赏到山川美景，还可以邂逅河岸边神秘的吊棺，欣赏有2000多年历史的汉代古遗址和朱熹做了10年讲师的学院。分析句子结构可知，“____9__Zhuxi lectured fr 10 years”是定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是“the academy”，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。
45．考查现在完成时。句意：近年来，随着茶文化越来越受欢迎，茶艺探索是越来越多的人来武夷山的一个原因。分析句子结构可知，状语从句中缺谓语动词，时间状语是“in recent years”，故用现在完成时。故填has becme。
（2023年北京卷）In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties. The inability t engage with lnger-term causes and cnsequences leads t sme f the wrld’s mst serius prblems: climate change, bidiversity cllapse, and mre. The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.
It has been prved that peple have a bias (偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices (牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s prfit, r satisfying sme ther near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannt be blamed n ne single cause. It is fair t say, thugh, that ur psychlgical biases play a majr rle. Peple’s hesitancy t delay satisfactin is the mst bvius example, but there are thers.One f them is abut hw the mst accessible infrmatin in the present affects decisins abut the future. Fr instance, yu might hear smene say: “It’s cld this winter, s I needn’t wrry abut glbal warming.”Anther is that lud and urgent matters are given t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre. This is when a pp star draws far mre attentin than, say, gradual bidiversity decline.
As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary. Older peple tday, fr example, can remember a time with insect-cvered car windscreens after lng drives. Children, n the ther hand, have n idea that insect ppulatin has drpped dramatically.
28. The authr qutes Francis Cle mainly t ________.
A. draw a cmparisn
B. intrduce a tpic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a prblem
29. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Climate change has been frgtten.
B. Lessns f histry are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at nting slw change.
D. Humans are unwilling t admit their shrtcmings.
30. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters t humans.
B. Humans tend t make lng-term sacrifices.
C. Current plicies facilitate future decisin-making.
D. Bias twards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cle）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cle的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Cl的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been prved that peple have a bias(偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices(牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。