高考英语一轮-动词和动词短语（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语一轮-动词和动词短语（专项训练）（北京专用）（教师版），共42页。
目录
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向 \l "_Tc2717" 01 考查高频动词辨析
\l "_Tc2717" 考向02 考查高频动词短语辨析
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查高频动词辨析
（2025届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模考试英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last December, I rdered a warm hamburger at a fd stre. As I left the stre, I nticed there was an lder pr gentleman 1 (sit) at the bus stp. Knwing it wuld prbably be his nly warm meal f the day, I 2 (give) him the hamburger. But all was nt lst fr me. Anther custmer ffered me half f her hamburger. I was s delighted because I realised that 3 ne way r anther, we are all lked after.
【答案】1．sitting 2．gave 3．in
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者把一个汉堡给了一位贫穷的老人，然后得到另外一位顾客的半个汉堡作为回报。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我离开商店时，我注意到公共汽车站坐着一位贫穷的老先生。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词an lder pr gentleman与sit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。 故填sitting。
2．考查时态。句意：我知道这可能是他一天中唯一一顿热乎乎的饭，于是我把汉堡给了他。空处为句子谓语动词，根据文章可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填gave。
3．考查介词。句意：我非常高兴，因为我意识到，无论如何，我们都被照顾着。in ne way r anther” 是固定短语，意为“以某种方式；不管怎样”。故填in。
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（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Infrmatin in yur brain 1 (cllect), stred and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are respnsible fr yur abilities t slve prblems, remember familiar faces and tasks, withut paying a tn f effrts. Millins f these neural pathways begin develping frm the time 2 yu are grwing int a baby. 3 (keep) ur memry healthy, we need t create new pathways cntinually.
【答案】1．is cllected 2．when 3．T keep
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何保持健康记忆力。
1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：大脑中的信息是通过神经通路收集、储存和回忆的。空处作谓语，infrmatin与动词cllect构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述科学事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is cllected。
2．考查定语从句。句意：数以百万计的神经通路从你成长为婴儿的时候就开始发育。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词time在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持我们的记忆健康，我们需要不断地创造新的路径。空处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填T keep。
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（2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Humr is a balancing act and BrainPOP, an educatinal platfrm, can help teachers create an apprpriate balance because the 1 (learn) activities supprt any curse in a dynamic and kid-friendly way. Julie Kuzma frm a public schl agrees. She 2 (appreciate) that humr is a significant cntent principle BrainPOP emplys. She als emphasizes that humr in the classrm is nt abut making jkes but abut 3 yu make students feel a certain way. In her experience, humr builds trust and makes students feel cnnected and 4 (see). “If yu can make them smile, yu knw that yu're n the right track and yu've lightened their day a little bit. ”
【答案】1．learning 2．appreciates 3．hw 4．seen
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了幽默在教育中的重要性，以及BrainPOP平台如何通过幽默帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围。
1．考查动名词。句意：BrainPOP平台可以帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围，因为其学习活动以一种动态且适合孩子的方式支持任何课程。名词learning作定语修饰名词。故填learning。
2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她认为幽默是BrainPOP采用的一个重要内容原则。主语“She”是第三人称单数，且句子在陈述现在的情况，为一般现在时，故动词。故填appreciates。
3．考查连接副词。句意：她还强调，课堂上的幽默不是为了讲笑话，而是关于你如何让学生感受到某种情绪。设空处需要引导宾语从句，表示方式，故用“hw”。故填hw。
4．考查过去分词。句意：在她的经验中，幽默可以建立信任，让学生感到彼此联系和被关注。空处为非谓语动词，students与see为被动关系，用过去分词作feel的表语。故填seen。
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（2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Hainan Free Trade Prt is 1 (large) free trade prt in the wrld, with rich turism resurces and unique culture. There are beautiful beaches, quality ht springs, unique rainfrests, rich cuisine and wedding turism bases. Hainan als pays attentin t the develpment f sprts turism and until nw, it 2 (build) a natinal sprts training suthern base and a series f sprts activities. In additin, Hainan als has a wealth f shpping and duty-free shps, where shpkeepers ffer a variety f specialty gds and experiences. With its high-quality services and diverse and inclusive cultural atmsphere, Hainan 3 (sincere) welcmes turists frm all ver the wrld t experience a unique island trip.
【答案】1．the largest 2．has built 3．sincerely
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海南自由贸易港作为全球最大自由贸易港的旅游资源、体育旅游发展、购物及免税店特色，以及其对全球游客的真诚欢迎。
1．考查形容词最高级。句意：海南自由贸易港是世界上最大的自由贸易港，拥有丰富的旅游资源和独特的文化。根据句中in the wrld可知，空处应用形容词large的最高级形式the largest来修饰free trade prt，表示“最大的自由贸易港”。故填the largest。
2．考查时态。句意：海南也重视体育旅游的发展，到目前为止，已经建成了一座国家体育训练南方基地和一系列体育活动。根据时间状语until nw可知，谓语动词build应用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has built。
3．考查副词。句意：海南以其优质的服务和多元包容的文化氛围，真诚欢迎世界各地的游客来体验独特的海岛之旅。空处修饰动词welcmes，应用副词sincerely“真诚地”，作状语。故填sincerely。
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（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A recent study published in BMC Psychlgy suggests that editing phts can 14 (negative) impact hw individuals perceive their attractiveness and verall self-esteem. This cnnectin seems t be influenced by cmparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) neself as an bject. These results serve as a warning t scial media users t be aware f the ptential negative effects f using pht-editing tls r filters. Nwadays, scial media 16 (use) by millins f peple t cnnect and share their lives. Hwever, research suggests that excessive use f scial media may lead t mental health issues like depressin and 17 (anxius).
【答案】1．negatively 2．treating 3．is used 4．anxiety
【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响，并警示社交媒体用户注意其潜在负面影响。
1．考查副词。句意：最近发表在《BMC心理学》上的一项研究表明，编辑照片会对个人对自己的吸引力和整体自尊的看法产生负面影响。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词negatively修饰。故填negatively。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种联系似乎受到比较外表和把自己当作物体的影响。根据空前的and可知，空处应和前文的cmparing并列，应填动名词形式。故填treating。
3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，数以百万计的人使用社交媒体来联系和分享他们的生活。use作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填is used。
4．考查名词。句意：然而，研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会导致抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的depressin并列，应填名词作宾语，anxius的名词形式是anxiety。故填anxiety。
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（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
By sending seeds n shrt trips int space, China is develping new crp varieties. This prcess, 18 (knw) as space breeding, expses seeds t csmic radiatin, which changes their genes and leads t the creatin f new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first space breeding experiment in August 1987, the cuntry 19 (send) seeds frm thusands f plant species int space. This has resulted in the develpment f nearly 1,000 new plant varieties. The technlgy reprtedly helps increase China’s annual grain prductin 20 2 millin tns and prduces direct ecnmic benefits exceeding 100 billin yuan.
【答案】1．knwn 2．has sent 3．by
【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国通过太空育种技术培育新作物品种的过程和成果。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个过程被称为太空育种，将种子暴露在宇宙辐射中，这改变了它们的基因，并导致创造出更多样化的新品种。本句已有谓语动词expses，所以knw用非谓语形式作后置定语，此处是固定搭配：be knwn as意为“被称为”，去掉be动词。故填knwn。
2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自287年8月中国首次进行太空育种实验以来，中国已将数千种植物的种子送入太空。send作本句谓语，根据since可知，用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数。故填has sent。
3．考查介词。句意：据报道，这项技术帮助中国每年增加30万吨粮食产量，产生的直接经济效益超过1000亿元。表示数量变化的幅度时，用介词“by”。此处指“每年粮食产量增加30万吨”。故填by。
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（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4）阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
In everyday life, the questin f 1 we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur heart is a frequent and imprtant ne. Recent studies 2 (shw ) that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake. Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin 3 we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
【答案】1．whether 2．shw/have shwn 3．that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在日常生活中，我们是应该把事情想清楚，还是应该随心而行，这是一个经常出现的重要问题。最近的研究表明，即使多收集一点证据，也可能帮助我们避免犯重大错误。
1．考查固定句型。句意：在日常生活中，我们是应该把事情想清楚，还是应该随心而行，这是一个经常出现的重要问题。根据句意可知，这里表达“我们是应该深思熟虑还是应该随心所欲”这样一个问题，“”是固定搭配，意为 “是……还是……”。故填whether。
2．考查动词时态。句意：最近的研究表明，即使多收集一点证据，也可能帮助我们避免犯重大错误。根据时间状语“Recent studies”（最近的研究）以及句子的语境可知，此处可以强调从过去到现在的研究结果，用现在完成时。现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语 “Recent studies”是复数，助动词用 have，“shw”的过去分词是shwn。也可以强调一般事实，用一般现在时。故填shw/have shwn。
3．考查定语从句。句意：有时候，我们做的最重要的决定是在做出选择之前多花点时间。分析句子可知， 设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“decisin”，且先行词被最高级“the mst imprtant” 修饰，在定语从句中，当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 that，所以此处应填that。故填that。
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（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4）阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Erinna 1 (mve) by her sn’s haircut. She shared a vide nline, which has gtten millins f views. 2 (give) the huge respnse, Erinna als set up a special GFundMe t supprt her sn’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able t cntinue t wrk and replace any lst incme frm the impact f the pandemic (流行病).
【答案】1．was mved 2．Given 3．t make
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Erinna在网络上分享儿子的发型视频走红，还设立了GFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师。
1．考查时态语态。句意：Erinna被儿子的发型感动了。主语Erinna与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was mved。
2．考查介词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。后跟名词作宾语，表示“鉴于”应用介词given，首字母大写。故填Given。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。此处make作目的状语，用不定式。故填t make。
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（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Standing in the train hme, I nticed a wman sitting nearby 1 was knitting intently. Her needles pulled a single string frm a bag n the flr while the square she was wrking n 2 (grw) ever larger. I put away my reading and surprised t gaze at her fingers. When the train gt t my stp, I mved tward the dr, and she lked up t see 3 we were. I gave her a brad smile and tw thumbs up. She smiled back shyly, and then cast her eyes back dwn t her wrk.
【答案】1．wh/that 2．grew 3．where
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在回家的火车上，看到一位女士专注编织，下车时作者向她微笑并竖起大拇指，女士也回以微笑。
1．考查定语从句。句意：站在回家的火车上，我注意到附近坐着一位女士，她正专注地编织着。“___1___ was knitting intently”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a wman，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应使用关系代词wh或者that引导该从句。故填wh/that。
2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她的针从地板上的袋子里抽出一根线，而她正在织的方块越来越大。grw(变大)是状语从句中谓语动词，与主语the square之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式grew。故填grew。
3．考查宾语从句。句意：当火车到达我的站点时，我朝门口走去，她抬起头来看看我们到了哪里。“___3___ we were”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“我们到了哪里”，用连接副词where引导该从句。故填where。
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（北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Over the years, the vlume f infrmatin students need t learn and remember 1 (grw), as claimed by varius studies. The pst-pandemic educatinal systems, in particular, have experienced a shift tward including streaming f everyday lectures 2 ur daily lives, allwing varius playback speed ptins. Research has explred hw adjusting playback speed affects 3 (cncentrate). It ften finds it beneficial t increase playback speed (1.5x t 2x) when 4 (deal) with extensive lecture recrdings. Hwever, a ntable drp in perfrmance is bserved when the speed exceeds 2x.
【答案】1．has grwn 2．int 3．cncentratin 4．dealing
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了多年来学生需要学习和记忆的信息量在增加，尤其是疫情后的教育系统向将日常课程流媒体融入日常生活转变，还探讨了调整播放速度对注意力的影响。
1．考查动词时态。句意：多年来，正如各种研究声称的那样，学生需要学习和记忆的信息量在增加。根据时间状语“Over the years”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“the vlume f infrmatin”是单数，助动词用has，grw的过去分词是grwn，故填has grwn。
2．考查介词。句意：尤其是疫情后的教育系统，已经经历了一种向将日常课程流媒体融入我们日常生活的转变，提供了各种播放速度选项。根据空白处下文“ur daily lives(我们日常生活)”可知，此处表示 “融入，纳入”，使用固定短语“”，故填int。
3．考查名词。句意：研究已经探索了调整播放速度是如何影响注意力的。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，cncentrate是动词，其名词形式是cncentratin，意为“注意力”，是不可数名词，故填cncentratin。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究经常发现，在处理大量的课程录音时，将播放速度提高到1.5倍到2倍是有益的。deal with动词和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。此处为when引导的时间状语从句中的省略，故填dealing。
11
（北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The cncept f the law f reversed effrt was defined by writer and philspher Aldus Huxley. He explained the 1 (hard) we try with the cnscius will t d smething, the less we shall succeed. Effrt 2 (becme)a paradx (悖论). It is like swimming against the current in a river. We can swim upstream, using all ur might 3 (fight) the rushing water and still nt get clse t where we need t be. Or we can let the current take us dwnstream and find a different spt t get ut f the water.
【答案】1．harder 2．becmes 3．t fight
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作家兼哲学家奥尔德斯・赫胥黎定义的“反向努力法则”的概念，并通过在河中游泳的例子进行说明。
1．考查副词的比较级。句意：他解释说，我们越是有意识地努力去做某件事，我们成功的可能性就越小。根据下文“the less we shall succeed(我们成功的可能性就越小)”可知此处使用了“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构，意为“越……，越……”，此处应填hard的比较级harder，故填harder。
2．考查动词时态。句意：努力变成了一个悖论。此处描述的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Effrt是单数，所以谓语动词becme要用第三人称单数形式becmes，故填becmes。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以逆流而上，竭尽全力与湍急的水流作斗争，但仍然无法靠近我们需要到达的地方。空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填t fight。
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（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Skye has realized that she is ne f the lucky kids wh 1 (identify) as a sufferer f dyslexia (阅读障碍) s far. She knws that educating teachers abut dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tls they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head n, and 2 (help) them be cnfident, capable students. “Right nw they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure abut their schl wrk. If I culd help stp these students feeling this way, that wuld mean the wrld t me.”
【答案】1．have been identified 2．helping 3．stuck
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Skye意识到自己是阅读障碍患者，并希望通过教育教师和提供工具来帮助有类似情况的学生建立自信。
1．考查时态和语态。句意：Skye意识到自己是迄今为止被认定为阅读障碍患者之一的幸运孩子之一。空格处是wh引导的定语从句的谓语动词，wh指代先行词the lucky kids，与“identify”之间是被动关系，且根据“s far”可知，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been identified。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她知道教育教师了解阅读障碍，并为有学习挑战的学生提供他们所需的工具，是直面阅读障碍的重要第一步，并帮助他们成为自信、有能力的学生。作介词in的宾语，与meeting并列，用动名词helping作宾语。故填helping。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在他们感到困顿——对自己的学业感到羞愧、不确定和不安全。they与stick为被动关系，此处feel为系动词，后接过去分词stuck作表语。故填stuck。
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【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】Bking a flight-free hliday is effrtless with Byway Travel. 18 (fund) in 2020 by Cat Jnes, a nn-car wner whse family vacatins annually by train and bike, Byway is the wrld’s first travel agent that ffers 100% flight-free trips. The cmpany excels in integrating the jurney int the adventure itself, 19 (ensure) travelers discver the interesting places they wuld therwise miss by flying ver them. Presently, Byway specializes in flight-free excursins frm the UK t Eurpe, with plans t expand its flight-free travel fferings 20 (glbal) in the future.
【答案】18．Funded 19．ensuring 20．glbally
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Byway Trave的业务和历史。
18．考查非谓语。句意：Byway是世界上第一家提供100%免机票旅行的旅行社，由Cat Jnes于2020年创立，她没有汽车，每年全家都乘坐火车和自行车度假。空处为非谓语动词，Byway与fund为被动关系，用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Funded。
19．考查非谓语。句意：该公司擅长于将旅程融入冒险本身，确保旅行者发现他们原本会错过的有趣地方。空处为非谓语动词，ensure与上句为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填ensuring。
20．考查副词。句意：目前，Byway专注于从英国到欧洲的免航班旅行，并计划在未来将其免航班旅行产品扩展到全球。副词glbally作状语修饰动词。故填glbally。
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（2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It can be hard nt t let negativity g int yur day, especially during 11 (stress) perids f life. A bit f ptimism makes yu becme better and emtinally 12 (healthy) in the lng term. An ptimistic persn is always lking fr the best in any situatin and expecting that gd things 13 (happen). But being ptimistic desn’t mean yu g int denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s nt. It is a particular state f mind 14 yu hpe fr the best but prepare fr the wrst.
【答案】11．stressful 12．healthier 13．will happen 14．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。
11．考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词perids应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。
12．考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“becme better”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。
13．考查时态。句意：一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。此处从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will happen。
14．考查定语从句。句意：这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。定语从句修饰先行词state f mind，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
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（2024·北京昌平·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Wake up early enugh and prbably yu 15 （hear） a pleasant chrus f birds. This early singing can start as early as 4 a. m. and last fr several hurs. Birds d it 16 （attract） mates and warn ther birds t avid their place. One thery as t 17 they chse the early mrning t cmmunicate these imprtant messages is that the lw visibility makes it hard t d ther bird activities, like searching fr fd. Keeping their activity level lw, they chse t sing instead.
【答案】15．will hear 16．t attract 17．why
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了鸟儿唱歌的原因。
15．考查时态。句意：早起的话，你可能会听到鸟儿欢快的合唱。本句为“祈使句+and+一般将来时”的用法。故填will hear。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：鸟类这样做是为了吸引配偶，并警告其他鸟类远离它们的地方。动词不定式做目的状语。故填t attract。
17．考查连接词。句意：关于它们为什么选择清晨来传达这些重要信息的一种理论是，低能见度使得鸟类很难进行其他活动，比如寻找食物。T后接宾语从句，表示“为什么”，关系副词用why。故填why。
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（2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research suggests a cnnectin between defrestatin, 18 (result) in prer air quality, and increased rates f depressin and anxiety. It has been revealed that cuntries with mre frested land tend t see 19 (few) cases f mental health disrders. In the 1980s, “frest bathing” was intrduced as a therapeutic practice centered arund trees t enhance the psychlgical benefits f utdr experiences. Up till nw, this practice 20 (use) fr treating patients.
【答案】18．resulting 19．fewer 20．has been used
【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。文章解释了森林砍伐与空气质量、心理健康之间的联系，并介绍了一种基于此的治疗方法（森林浴）。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究指出，森林砍伐导致空气质量变差，并且抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率上升。本句谓语为suggests，此处为非谓语动词，本空用result“导致”的现在分词形式，作结果状语。故填resulting。
19．考查形容词比较级。句意：据透露，森林覆盖率较高的国家，精神健康障碍的案例较少。结合句意和mre frested land可知，本空用few的比较级fewer“更少的”，修饰名词cases“案例”，作定语。故填fewer。
20．考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种实践已经被用于治疗病人。根据Up till nw可知，use“使用”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，且this practice与use为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been used。
17
（2024·北京通州·模拟预测）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
Niagara Falls is a grup f falls, 1 (cmpse) f three falls. It refers t the Hrseshe Falls n the Niagara River f the Canadian side and the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls n the Niagara River f the American side. In the middle f the Niagara River there is an island named Gat Island, 2 divides the Niagara River int the Hrseshe and American Falls. The island prvides clse access 3 the Hrseshe and the Bridal Veil Falls.
【答案】1．cmpsed 2．which 3．t
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了尼亚加拉大瀑布的一些详细信息。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：尼亚加拉大瀑布是一组瀑布，由三个瀑布组成。这句话的谓语部分是is a grup f falls，cmpse在这里作非谓语，和逻辑主语Niagara Falls之间是被动关系，故用过去分词cmpsed，在句子中作定语。故填cmpsed。
2．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在尼亚加拉河的中部有一个名叫山羊岛的岛，它将尼亚加拉河划分为马蹄铁瀑布和美国瀑布。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为Gat Island，故用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查介词。句意：该岛提供了去往马蹄铁和新娘面纱瀑布的通道。根据空前的名词access可知，应填介词t。access t，去……的通路，通向……的入口。故填t。
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（2024·北京大兴·三模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After graduating frm the university 8 a bachelr’s degree in bitechnlgy in 2020, Jiang Ming started wrk as a keeper at the frest z, which is hme t mre than 3, 000 animals frm 260 species.
Brn and raised in a rural area f Jiangsu, he 9 (lve) animals and watched dcumentaries abut them since childhd.
During his jb interview at the z, when Jiang was asked 10 he had any experience in saving animals, he said the first ne he 11 (help) rescue was a small turtle his father fund in a river near his village.
【答案】8．with 9．has lved 10．if/whether 11．helped
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了江明在2020年大学毕业后的职业生涯起点，他在森林动物园担任饲养员的经历，以及他从小对动物的热爱和他的相关经历。文章通过叙述个人经历和背景信息，展现了主人公的职业选择和个人兴趣之间的联系。
8．考查介词。句意：2020年，江明从大学毕业，获得了生物技术学士学位，开始在森林动物园担任饲养员，该动物园是来自260个物种的3000多只动物的家园。本空用介词with，表示“带有，拥有”的意思。故填with。
9．考查时态。句意：他在江苏农村地区出生并长大，从小就喜欢动物，并观看有关它们的纪录片。根据since childhd可知，lve“爱，喜欢”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语he是第三人称单数代词，所以助动词用has。故填has lved。
10．考查宾语从句。句意：在动物园的工作面试中，当江被问及是否有救助动物的经验时，他说他帮助救援的第一只是他父亲在他村附近的一条河里发现的小乌龟。本空用if或whether引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故填if/whether。
11．考查时态。句意：在动物园的工作面试中，当江被问及是否有救助动物的经验时，他说他帮助救援的第一只是他父亲在他村附近的一条河里发现的小乌龟。ne后为定语从句，本空为定语从句的谓语，根据was可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用help的过去式helped。故填helped。
考向02 考查高频动词短语辨析
1．T be a better persn and succeed in yur life means t ________ in yur life by stpping a bad habit r leaving behind an unpleasant memry.
A．be cl as a cucumberB．be a wet blanket
C．drag yur feetD．turn ver a new leaf
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：成为一个更好的人并在生活中取得成功意味着通过改掉一个坏习惯或抛开一段不愉快的回忆而在你的生活中重新开始。A. be cl as a cucumber镇定自若；B. be a wet blanket令人扫兴的人或物；C. drag yur feet拖拖拉拉；D. turn ver a new leaf重新开始。根据后文“by stpping a bad habit r leaving behind an unpleasant memry”可知，此处指“重新开始”你的生活，应用短语turn ver a new leaf。故选D。
2．Even tday my British friend, Daniel, still desn’t easily ________ eating things like chicken feet.
A．cntribute tB．cater tC．take tD．attend t
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使在今天，我的英国朋友丹尼尔仍然不太容易喜欢上吃鸡爪之类的东西。A. cntribute t促成；B.cater t迎合；C. take t喜欢上；D. attend t处理。根据句意和eating things like chicken feet可知，这里指丹尼尔仍然不喜欢上吃鸡爪之类的东西。故选C项。
3．Teenagers, especially thse with a passin fr technlgy, ______ innvative gadgets that cmbine entertainment and educatin, as they ffer bth fun and learning pprtunities.
A．take pride inB．have a say inC．take respnsibility frD．have a preference fr
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：青少年，尤其是那些热爱科技的青少年，偏爱将娱乐和教育相结合的创新小工具，因为它们既提供了乐趣又提供了学习机会。A. take pride in为……感到骄傲；B. have a say in对……有发言权；C. take respnsibility fr对……负责；D. have a preference fr偏爱，更喜欢。根据“因为它们既提供了乐趣又提供了学习机会”可知，热爱科技的青少年会更喜欢这类创新小工具。所以用动词短语have a preference fr符合语境。故选D项。
4．Lily is usually a reserved student in class, but her dedicatin t slving cmplex math prblems makes her ______.
A．wear utB．wrk utC．turn utD．stand ut
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：莉莉在课堂上通常是一个含蓄内敛的学生但她在解决复杂数学题方面的专注使她脱颖而出。A. wear ut磨损；B. wrk ut解决；C. turn ut结果是；D. stand ut突出，显眼。根据上文的“Lily is usually a reserved student in class”可知，莉莉是一位含蓄内敛的学生，结合but以及下文的“her dedicatin t slving cmplex math prblems”可知，他在专注解决复杂数学题方面应该是“与众不同、引人注意”符合逻辑。故选D项。
5．The cach ______ the players fr their lack f effrt during the game.
A．picked nB．tld ffC．blew awayD．helped ut
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：教练责备队员们在比赛中不够努力。A. picked n挑选；招惹；找茬儿；B. tld ff责备；斥责；C. blew away吹走；使印象深刻；D. helped ut帮助摆脱困境。根据“the players fr their lack f effrt during the game.”可知，教练因为球员们在比赛中不够努力而斥责他们。故选B。
6．Andersn’s fairy tales are amng the mst frequently translated wrks in all f literary histry, and the themes f his stries ______ adults and children alike.
A．belng tB．cntribute tC．adjust tD．appeal t
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：安徒生的童话是文学史上被翻译最频繁的作品之一，他故事的主题同样吸引着成年人和儿童。A. belng t属于；B. cntribute t促成；捐献；C. adjust t适应；D. appeal t吸引；呼吁。根据“Andersn’s fairy tales are amng the mst frequently translated wrks in all f literary histry”可知，安徒生的童话应该是很受欢迎，所以此处需表示“吸引”成年人和儿童，符合语境。故选D项。
7．After mnths f research, the team finally ________ a revlutinary methd t recycle plastic waste.
A．put up withB．came up with
C．kept up withD．lked frward t
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过几个月的研究，该团队终于想出了一种回收塑料垃圾的革命性方法。A. put up with忍受；B. came up with想出，提出；C. kept up with跟上，保持同步；D. lked frward t期待。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语came up with“想出，提出”，满足句意要求。故选B项。
8．The ld prfessr ________ painting after his retirement and he became quite skilled sn.
A．brught upB．came acrssC．picked nD．tk t
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位年长的教授在退休后开始从事绘画，不久便练就了相当高的技艺。A. brught up抚养长大；B. came acrss偶遇；C. picked n挑剔；D. tk t开始养成（某种习惯）。根据后文“painting after his retirement”可知，此处表示退休后开始从事绘画。故选D。
9．Fllwing in the ftsteps f his teacher all thse years ag, Mr. Wang has nw ________ his skills t the new members.
A．passed byB．taken nC．passed nD．taken up
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：跟随他老师多年前的脚步，王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员。A. passed by经过。B. taken n开始承担；C. passed n传递，传下去；D. taken up从事。由his skills t the new members可知，此处表示“王先生现在把他的技能传授给了新成员”，空格处意为“传递，传下去”。故选C。
10．The Chinese characters n the ntice bard were s carelessly written that they were difficult t ________, especially fr thse freign students.
A．pint utB．give utC．make utD．wrk ut
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：布告栏上的汉字写得太潦草了，以至于难以辨认，尤其是对那些外国学生来说。A. pint ut指出；B. give ut分发；C. make ut看清；听清；理解；D. wrk ut计算出；解决；制定出。根据上文“carelessly written”和下文“especially fr thse freign students”可知，难以看清字迹，C选项“make ut”符合句意。故选C。
11．China's ecnmy will cntinue t ________ in the third and furth quarters f the year with existing plicy supprt and frceful infrastructure spending.
A．pick upB．turn upC．put upD．bring up
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在现有政策支持和强有力的基础设施支出下，中国经济将在今年第三和第四季度继续回升。A. pick up 回升；好转；B. turn up 出现；调大（音量等）；C. put up 提供；张贴；举起；D. bring up 提出；抚养；呕吐。根据“plicy supprt(政策支持)”和“infrastructure spending(基础设施支出)”可知，此处强调经济“回升”符合语境。故选A项。
12．The prject had t be ______ due t unexpected budget cuts, which disappinted everyne invlved.
A．put dwnB．cut ffC．put ffD．cut dwn
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于意外的预算削减，这个项目不得不被推迟，这让所有参与其中的人都很失望。A. put dwn放下、镇压、记下；B. cut ff切断、中断、使隔绝；C. put ff推迟、延期；D. cut dwn削减、砍倒。根据“due t unexpected budget cuts”可知，因为预算削减，项目没办法按原计划进行，需要往后推迟。故选C项。
13．As a brilliant athlete, she was well ______ spending lng perids f time in the water.
A．blamed frB．cnditined fr
C．bund frD．lnged fr
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名出色的运动员，她非常适合长时间待在水里。A. blamed fr 因……而受责备；B. cnditined fr 使适应，使适合；C. bund fr 前往，驶向；D. lnged fr 渴望，盼望。根据“As a brilliant athlete”以及“spending lng perids f time in the water”可推知，她作为出色运动员是适合长时间待在水里的，所以这里应该用“cnditined fr”。故选B项。
14．The garden had been seriusly neglected, and had been cmpletely ________ by weeds and wild flwers.
A．handed verB．pulled verC．kncked verD．taken ver
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：花园被严重地忽视了，杂草和野花完全占据了它。A. handed ver移交；B. pulled ver靠边停车；C. kncked ver碰翻；D. taken ver接管。根据“The garden had been seriusly neglected”可推知，这个被忽视的花园应该是长满了杂草和野花，即杂草和野花完全占据（接管）了它。故选D。
15．Many yung designers tday ______ the intricate patterns f Chinese paper-cutting, creating mdern fashin pieces with traditinal elements.
A．keep cntact withB．seek slutins t
C．take inspiratin frmD．give rise t
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今，许多年轻设计师从中国剪纸复杂精美的图案中获取灵感，创作出带有传统元素的现代时尚单品。A. keep cntact with与……保持联系；B. seek slutins t寻找……的解决方案；C. take inspiratin frm从……获得灵感；D. give rise t引起，导致。根据“creating mdern fashin pieces with traditinal elements.”可知，设计师从中国剪纸图案获取灵感来创作时尚单品。故选C。
16．Jhn has a unique way t ________ his idea with very few wrds, and it impressed us a lt.
A．draw upB．get acrssC．break thrughD．turn ut
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：约翰有一种独特的方式，能用很少的词表达他的想法，这给我们留下了深刻的印象。A. draw up起草，拟定；B. get acrss (使) 被理解，(使) 被接受；C. break thrugh突破，冲破；D. turn ut结果是，证明是。根据句意可知，约翰能用很少的词表达想法，让想法被理解，所以此处应用动词短语get acrss，表示“(使) 被理解，(使) 被接受”的意思，符合语境。故选B项。
17．We all ________ the belief that Chinese traditinal culture is a treasure that deserves t be shared and celebrated, s as t enhance cultural exchange and mutual understanding.
A．subscribe tB．cnsist fC．resign frmD．adapt t
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。 句意：我们都认同这样一种观点，即中国传统文化是值得分享和颂扬的瑰宝，这样做能够增进文化交流与相互理解。A. subscribe t赞同，支持 ；B. cnsist f由…...组成 ；C. resign frm从…...辞职； D. adapt t适应。根据下文 “s as t enhance cultural exchange and mutual understanding.”可知，我们都支持这样一种信念。故选A项。
18．T reduce e-waste, sme cmpanies ______ prgrams encuraging custmers t recycle ld devices.
A．gave awayB．turned verC．put frwardD．set up
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了减少电子垃圾，一些公司设立了鼓励客户回收旧设备的项目。A. gave away赠送；B. turned ver翻转；C. put frward提出；D. set up建立，设立。分析句子可知，set up prgrams，表示“设立项目、计划”，符合语境，即一些公司设立鼓励客户回收旧设备的项目以减少电子垃圾。故选D项。
19．The by’s face ______ when he heard the amazing news that he wn the prize fr verseas study tur.
A．brught upB．lit upC．put upD．tk up
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当男孩听到自己赢得海外游学奖这个惊人的消息时，他面露喜色。A. brught up提出，养育；B. lit up(使)容光焕发，(使)面露喜色；C. put up张贴，搭建；D. tk up开始从事，占据。结合语境和常识，听到获奖的好消息，通常会面露喜色，因此，用“lit up”来描述男孩听到消息后的反应是最合适的。故选B项。
20．I visited many museums and ________ a few wrds f Italian when I travelled in Italy.
A．lked upB．put upC．picked upD．made up
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我参观了许多博物馆，并在意大利旅行时学会了几句意大利语。A. lked up查找；B. put up张贴；C. picked up学会；D. made up编造。根据后文“a few wrds f Italian when I travelled in Italy”可知，应是学会了几句意大利语，符合语境。故选C项。
31．I need t find sme prper ways t ______ the stress in my life.
A．cmpare withB．cnsist fC．back dwnD．cpe with
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我需要找到一些适当的方法来应对我生活中的压力。A. cmpare with比较；B. cnsist f由……组成 C. back dwn退让；D. cpe with对付。根据上文的“sme prper ways”和下文的“the stress in my life”可知应对生活压力的方法，故选D。
32．The new plicy is expected t __________ reducing traffic jam in the city.
A．figure utB．cntribute tC．relate tD．accunt fr
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项新政策有望有助于减少城市的交通堵塞。A. figure ut解决，弄懂；B. cntribute t有助于；C. relate t与……有关；D. accunt fr说明。根据主语“The new plicy”以及空后的“reducing traffic jam in the city”可知，此处指“这项新政策有望有助于减少城市的交通堵塞”，故选B。
33．Currently, many wrking wmen _______ relatives t help take care f their children.
A．tell fB．cnsist fC．rely nD．switch n
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：目前，许多职业妇女依靠亲戚帮忙照看孩子。A. tell f讲述；B. cnsist f由……组成；C. rely n依靠；D. switch n打开。根据后文“relatives t help take care f their children”可知，应是“依靠亲戚帮忙照看孩子”符合语境。故选C项。
34．It’s implite fr anyne else t ________ when smene is talking.
A．cut upB．cut inC．cut ffD．cut dwn
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：别人说话时打断是不礼貌的。A. cut up切碎；B. cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴；C. cut ff切除；D. cut dwn裁短；减少。根据下文“when smene is talking”可知是打断别人说话是不礼貌的，故选B。
35．T ur surprise, crwds f peple ______ t watch the charity perfrmance.
A．turned utB．turned dwnC．brke utD．brke dwn
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：令我们吃惊的是，成群的人出来观看慈善演出。A. turned ut参加，结果是；B. turned dwn拒绝；C. brke ut爆发；D. brke dwn出故障。根据后文“watch the charity perfrmance”指成群的人出来观看慈善演出。故选A。
36．I think Helen Keller is a gd writer. She met many difficulties in her life but she never ______.
A．gave upB．went utC．sat dwnD．ran arund
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我认为海伦·凯勒是个好作家。她在生活中遇到了许多困难，但她从未放弃。A. gave up放弃；B. went ut出去；熄灭；C. sat dwn坐下；D. ran arund环绕。根据“She met many difficulties in her life”可知，海伦·凯勒从未放弃生活中遇到的困难。故选A。
37．The manager __________ meeting with the team t discuss the new prject prpsal.
A．belnged tB．insisted nC．judged frmD．figured ut
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：经理坚持要和团队开会讨论新的项目建议。A. belnged t属于；B. insisted n坚持；C. judged frm根据……判断；D. figured ut弄清楚。根据下文“discuss the new prject prpsal.”可知，经理坚持要和团队开会讨论新的项目建议。故选B项。
38．Even thugh the prject faced many challenges, we decided t________ and cmplete it successfully.
A．carry utB．carry awayC．carry nD．carry ver
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管这个项目面临许多挑战，我们还是决定继续下去，并成功地完成它。A.carry ut实施；B. carry away拿走；C.carry n继续做，坚持干；D. carry ver使持续下去。根据下文“cmplete it successfully”可知，我们还是决定继续下去，并成功地完成它。故选C项。
39．The temptatin fr a declining church t ______ ld privileges is strng.
A．hang n tB．settle frC．pass upD．sign fr
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于一个衰落的教会来说，紧紧抓住旧特权不放的诱惑是强大的。A.hang n t紧紧抓住；B.settle fr勉强接受；C.pass up错过；D.sign fr签收。由下文的ld privileges可知，表示：紧紧抓住旧特权，故选A。
40．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may nt be evident at first glance.
A．break upB．break utC．break thrughD．break dwn
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们进一步分解数据时，我们可以识别出第一眼可能不明显的特定趋势和模式。A. break up分裂，分手；B. break ut爆发；C. break thrugh突破；D. break dwn分解。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分解”数据以便深入分析，故用break dwn。故选D。
完形填空
Clze 1
（2025·北京延庆·2月月考）On September 28, as Shane Naid, an emergency rm dctr, apprached the halfway pint f the New Jersey Half Marathn in Newprt, a wman named Chrystal Rinehld, 36, suddenly cllapsed n the greenway in Liberty State Park, Jersey City.
Naid 1 with fur ther runners t help and immediately realized the situatin was serius. The wman, Chrystal Rinehld, an experienced runner, was struggling t 2 and culd barely speak.
He 3 thers t call 911, get a plice fficer t secure the scene and infrm a medic tent t knw what happened. Over and ver he said t her “Stay with me.”
4 , Rinehld’s husband, Walli McMillan, was waiting with flwers and their children at the finish line.
Naid nticed a 5 frm McMillan n Rinehld’s Apple watch: “Are yu, kay, babe?” He called McMillan n a vlunteer’s phne, urging him t speak 6 t Rinehld, even if she culdn’t hear him, t let her knw he lved her.
Plice arrived with emergency xygen, fllwed shrtly by paramedics. Naid rde in the ambulance with Rinehld t Jersey City Medical Cente. At the hspital, he 7 the emergency rm staff and stayed t assist until McMillan arrived.
When Naid left the hspital, he returned t 8 the race and finished behind mre than 4000 thers with a time f three hurs and 53 minutes. At the finish line, Naid aplgized and thanked everyne fr staying late.
When presented with a race cmpletin 9 , he had an idea: he cut it in half and sent it t Rinehld. “This medal isn’t just mine,” Naid said. “I knew it wuld mean a lt t Chrystal and her family. I didn’t want her race t end n a(an) 10 nte.”
1．A．walked dwnB．jumped upC．rushed verD．fell behind
2．A．standB．breatheC．respndD．mve
3．A．encuragedB．expectedC．allwedD．instructed
4．A．MeanwhileB．InsteadC．TherefreD．Mrever
5．A．callB．signC．messageD．signal
6．A．cnfidentlyB．hpefullyC．hesitantlyD．casually
7．A．criticizedB．briefedC．taughtD．indicated
8．A．enterB．winC．jinD．cmplete
9．A．certificateB．cardC．medalD．prize
10．A．bringB．discuragingC．annyingD．challenging
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了在新泽西半程马拉松比赛中，急诊室医生Shane Naid和其他跑步者救助突然晕倒的选手Chrystal Rinehld的故事。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Naid和其他四名选手冲过去帮忙，并立即意识到情况很严重。A. walked dwn沿着……走；B. jumped up跳起；C. rushed ver冲过去；D. fell behind落后。根据前文“a wman named Chrystal Rinehld, 36, suddenly cllapsed n the greenway in Liberty State Park, Jersey City”可知，一个女人倒在了公园的绿道上，所以Naid和其他四名选手冲过去帮忙。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位名叫Chrystal Rinehld的妇女是一位经验丰富的跑步者，她呼吸困难，几乎说不出话来。A. stand站立；B. breathe呼吸；C. respnd回应；D. mve移动。根据前文“immediately realized the situatin was serius”以及空后“and culd barely speak”可知，Naid意识到Chrystal Rinehld情况很严重，几乎说不出话来，推知Chrystal呼吸困难。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他指示其他人拨打911，让一名警察来保护现场，并通知医疗帐篷了解发生的事情。A. encuraged鼓励；B. expected期望；C. allwed允许；D. instructed指导，指示。根据上文“as Shane Naid, an emergency rm dctr”以及后文“get a plice fficer t secure the scene and infrm a medic tent t knw what happened. Over and ver he said t her “Stay with me.””可知，Naid是一位急诊室医生，在了解病人情况、开展急救，所以是指示他人拨打电话呼叫救援。故选D项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Rinehld的丈夫Walli McMillan带着鲜花和孩子们在终点线等候。A. Meanwhile与此同时；B. Instead反而；C. Therefre因此；D. Mrever此外。根据后文“Rinehld’s husband, Walli McMillan, was waiting with flwers and their children at the finish line.”可知，此处指Chrystal Rinehld倒在路上情况危急时，她丈夫和孩子正在终点线等候，描述同时发生的事，Meanwhile“同时”符合语境。故选A项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Naid注意到McMillan在Rinehld的苹果手表上发了一条信息：“宝贝，你还好吗？”A. call呼叫，电话；B. sign标志；C. message信息；D. signal信号。根据后文“Are yu, kay, babe?”可知，是McMillan发给Rinehld的信息。故选C项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他用志愿者的电话给McMillan打电话，敦促他满怀希望地和Rinehld说话，即使她听不见，也要让她知道他爱她。A. cnfidently自信地；B. hpefully充满希望地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“even if she culdn’t hear him, t let her knw he lved her”可知，应是敦促他满怀希望地和Rinehld说话。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在医院，他向急诊室的工作人员简要介绍了情况，并留在那里协助工作，直到McMillan到达。A. criticized批评；B. briefed向（某人）介绍情况；C. taught教导，教；D. indicated表明。根据后文“the emergency rm staff and stayed t assist until McMillan arrived”可知，Rinehld被送到医院后，Naid向急诊室的工作人员简要介绍了情况。故选B项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Naid离开医院后，他回来完成比赛，以3小时53分钟的成绩落后于其他4000多名选手。A. enter进入；B. win赢得；C. jin加入；D. cmplete完成。根据后文“finished behind mre than 4000 thers with a time f three hurs and 53 minutes”可知，Rinehld完成了比赛，所以是他回来完成比赛。故选D项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他收到一枚完成比赛的奖牌时，他有了一个主意：把它切成两半，送给Rinehld。A. certificate证书；B. card卡片；C. medal奖牌；D. prize奖品。根据后文““This medal isn’t just mine,” Naid said.”可知，是获得了一枚完成比赛的奖牌。故选C项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不希望她的比赛在一个令人沮丧的音符中结束。A. bring无聊的；B. discuraging令人沮丧的；C. annying恼人的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据前文“a wman named Chrystal Rinehld, 36, suddenly cllapsed n the greenway in Liberty State Park, Jersey City.”可知，Rinehld晕倒了，所以没有完成比赛，作者送奖牌给她，是为了不希望她的比赛在一个令人沮丧的结局收尾。故选B项。
Clze 2
（2025·北京顺义·一模）Over 20 years ag, Virginia Squier led sme students t visit England. She als brught alng her 8-year-ld daughter Chambers.
One day at arund 5 pm, they were n a packed 1 in the Lndn Undergrund. While Squier began cunting her students, a train stpped. Suddenly, her daughter 2 Squier’s hand, jumped n the train, and the drs began t clse. Seeing her daughter’s 3 face thrugh the glass, Squier’s heart raced, and she shuted desperately, trying t reach ut t Chambers. But the train gathered 4 and pulled ut f the statin. The last thing she saw was Chambers crying and punding her small fists against the glass. Behind Chambers, a yung man dressed in black leather with a dg cllar arund his neck rse and started 5 Chambers.
Terrified, Squier searched fr an emplyee. But the language barrier made her situatin 6 . When Squier fcused n getting the emplyee t understand her request, “She’s back,” her students said. Squier turned and there was her little girl. The man n the train had witnessed what had happened and stepped in t help. He 7 Chambers and guided her ff the train at the next stp. They then barded anther train headed back t her mther.
“My previus thught that he was 8 was destryed,” Squier said. “I remember lking up at him and then breaking dwn, hugging my sbbing (啜泣) child. When I lked up again t thank him, he was gne.”
Squier says the man didn’t just save her daughter. He changed the way she 9 the wrld, and taught her t be a mre 10 persn. T this day, she remembers him whenever she’s abut t judge smene by appearance.
1．A．bridgeB．platfrmC．stairD．walkway
2．A．fell back nB．held upC．played withD．let g f
3．A．expressiveB．seriusC．panickedD．indifferent
4．A．steamB．speedC．passengersD．gds
5．A．seizingB．draggingC．apprachingD．helping
6．A．difficultB．manageableC．unstableD．unique
7．A．praisedB．cmfrtedC．scaredD．challenged
8．A．frighteningB．mysteriusC．sympatheticD．ambitius
9．A．keeps ffB．makes upC．turns tD．mves thrugh
10．A．gratefulB．inspiringC．carefulD．accepting
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Squier带学生去英国参观时，在地铁上与女儿走散，一个外表看似吓人的年轻人帮助了她女儿的故事，这件事改变了她对世界的看法。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天下午5点左右，他们在伦敦地铁拥挤的站台上。A. bridge桥；B. platfrm站台；C. stair楼梯；D. walkway走道，人行通道。根据下文“a train stpped”可知，火车停了，说明他们在站台上等火车。故选B。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：突然，她的女儿松开了Squier的手，跳上了火车，车门开始关闭。A. fell back n求助于；B. held up举起；C. played with和……一起玩；D. let g f放开。根据下文“jumped n the train, and the drs began t clse”可知，女儿跳上了火车，说明她放开了妈妈的手。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：透过玻璃看到她女儿那张惊慌失措的脸，Squier的心怦怦直跳，她绝望地喊着，试图接触到Chambers。A. expressive有表现力的；B. serius严肃的；C. panicked惊慌失措的；D. indifferent漠不关心的。根据上文“Suddenly, her daughter let g f Squier's hand, jumped n the train, and the drs began t clse”可知，女儿突然放开了妈妈的手，跳上了火车，所以此时她的脸上应该是惊慌失措的。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但火车加快了速度，驶出了车站。A. steam蒸汽；B. speed速度；C. passengers乘客；D. gds货物。根据下文“and pulled ut f the statin”可知，火车驶出了车站，说明它加快了速度。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Chambers身后，一个穿着黑色皮衣，脖子上戴着狗项圈的年轻人站了起来，开始靠近Chambers。A. seizing抓住；B. dragging拖拽；C. appraching靠近；D. helping帮助。根据下文“The man n the train had witnessed what had happened and stepped in t help”可知，火车上的这个男人目睹了发生的一切，并且站出来帮忙，说明此时他正靠近Chambers。故选C。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但语言障碍使她的处境变得困难。A. difficult困难的；B. manageable可管理的；C. unstable不稳定的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“Terrified, Squier searched fr an emplyee”可知，Squier很害怕，她在找工作人员帮忙，再结合but可知，此处前后为转折关系，所以可推测出因为语言障碍，她的情况变得很困难。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他安慰了Chambers，并在下一站引导她下了火车。A. praised表扬；B. cmfrted安慰；C. scared使害怕；D. challenged挑战。根据下文“hugging my sbbing (啜泣) child”可知，作者的女儿在啜泣，说明此时这个男人在安慰她。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我之前认为他很吓人的想法被摧毁了。A. frightening吓人的；B. mysterius神秘的；C. sympathetic同情的；D. ambitius有野心的。根据上文“a yung man dressed in black leather with a dg cllar arund his neck”可知，这个男人穿着黑色皮衣，脖子上戴着狗项圈，所以作者之前认为他很吓人。故选A。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他改变了她看待世界的方式，并教会了她要做一个更能接受别人的人。A. keeps ff避开；B. makes up组成；C. turns t转向；D. mves thrugh穿过，经历。根据下文“the wrld”可知，此处指看待世界的方式，用mve thrugh符合语境。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他改变了她看待世界的方式，并教会了她要做一个更能接受别人的人。A. grateful感激的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. careful仔细的；D. accepting接受的。根据上文“Squier says the man didn’t just save her daughter”以及作者之前的经历可知，这个男人不仅救了她的女儿，还改变了她对别人的看法，让她更能接受别人，不再以貌取人。故选D。
Clze 3
（2025·北京人大附中·三模）I have always lved animals, frm my childhd fascinatin with ladybirds t greedily watching wildlife prgrams n televisin. I think ne reasn is that animals are ften mre patient and 1 than many peple.
After I first mved in with Grandpa, I spent a lt f time with his cat, Jay. She was then a little less than tw years ld and very alf (冷漠的), preferring t spend all her time ut alne 2 arund the neighbrhd gardens and grwling (低声吼叫) whenever my grandpa tried t pat r hld her. At that time, Grandpa regularly clcked in at the ffice, ften 3 ver ten hurs every day. Befre my arrival, Jay had therefre spent her first and frmative years alne fr much f the time. It must have been a surprise, then — and a shck — fr her t suddenly find that she nw had 4 thrughut the day.
At first, I kept my 5 , knwing that she was unused t having smene arund regularly. Instead, I waited fr her natural 6 t wrk, and indeed it wasn’t lng befre she wuld 7 me as I was sitting in the living rm, and sniff at (闻一闻) my feet and hands if I lwered them fr her t rub with her nse. Over time, Jay started t spend mre and mre time 8 . Whenever she came in, I wuld kneel dwn until my face was level with hers and slwly 9 my hand arund her head and strke (轻抚) her in the same way that I had watched her strke the fur n her back with her tngue. Then she wuld purr (呼噜声), pen and clse her eyes sleepily, and I knew that I had wn her 10 .
N relatinship is withut trust and cmpany and this is als true t humans and their pets.
1．A．braveB．acceptingC．lnelyD．rewarding
2．A．searchingB．fightingC．checkingD．wandering
3．A．stuckB．gneC．delayedD．lst
4．A．cmpanyB．dangerC．threatD．presence
5．A．guardB．wayC．distanceD．silence
6．A．curisityB．curageC．skillD．sense
7．A．walk up tB．live up tC．catch up tD．turn up t
8．A．alneB．withinC．afarD．indrs
9．A．shkB．extendedC．wavedD．drpped
10．A．devtinB．supprtC．affectinD．lyalty
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者与爷爷的猫Jay 从疏离到建立信任的过程，展现动物的温柔与陪伴的意义。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想原因之一是动物往往比许多人更有耐心、更易接纳。A. brave勇敢的；B. accepting易接纳的；C. lnely孤独的；D. rewarding有回报的。根据上文的“mre patient”与此空为并列关系可知，此处描述的是动物的品行，结合后文“At first, I kept my ___5___ , knwing that she was unused t having smene arund regularly.”以及“Then she wuld purr (呼噜声), pen and clse her eyes sleepily, and I knew that I had wn her ____10____ .”可知，Jay从冷漠到亲近的转变可知，动物比人更“易接纳”符合语境。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她当时不到两岁，非常冷漠，宁愿独自在外闲逛，在邻居的花园里走来走去，每当爷爷试图抚摸或抱她时，她就会低吼。A. searching搜索；B. fighting战斗；C. checking检查；D. wandering闲逛。根据上文的“She was then a little less than tw years ld and very alf (冷漠的), preferring t spend all her time ut alne”可知，Jay非常的冷漠，喜欢独自在外，由此可知，此处指的是在外“闲逛”符合语境。故选D项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，爷爷经常在办公室打卡，每天通常超过十小时不在家。A. stuck卡住；B. gne离开；C. delayed延迟；D. lst丢失。根据上文的“At that time, Grandpa regularly clcked in at the ffice”可知，爷爷上班导致长时间“离开”家，符合语境。故选B项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，对她来说，突然发现自己一整天都有同伴，一定既意外又震惊。A. cmpany同伴；B. danger危险；C. threat威胁；D. presence存在。根据上文的“Befre my arrival, Jayhad therefre spent her first and frmative years alne fr much f the time.”可知，作者来之前都是Jay独自在家，结合“It must have been a surprise, then — and a shck”可知，Jay对作者的到来而感到惊讶，由此可知，此处表示Jay发现自己有了“同伴”符合语境。故选A项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，我与她保持距离，因为知道她不习惯经常有人在身边。A. guard警戒；B. way方式；C. distance距离；D. silence沉默。根据下文的“knwing that she was unused t having smene arund regularly.”可知，作者知道她不习惯经常有人在身边，由此可知，此处指的是作者与她保持“距离”，避免惊吓到她。故选C项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我等待她天生的好奇心起作用，事实上，没过多久，当我坐在客厅时，她就会走到我面前，如果我放下手和脚，她就会用鼻子蹭着闻一闻。A. curisity好奇心；B. curage勇气；C. skill技能；D. sense感觉。根据下文的“as I was sitting in the living rm, and sniff at (闻一闻) my feet and hands if I lwered them fr her t rub with her nse.”可知，Jay去嗅作者的手脚，由此可知，此处表示Jay因“好奇心”开始接近作者。故选A项。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，我等待她天生的好奇心起作用，事实上，没过多久，当我坐在客厅时，她就会走到我面前，如果我放下手和脚，她就会用鼻子蹭着闻一闻。A. walk up t走近；B. live up t不辜负；C. catch up t追上；D. turn up t出现。根据常识和下文的“as I was sitting in the living rm, and sniff at (闻一闻) my feet and hands if I lwered them fr her t rub with her nse.”可知，Jay应该是“走近”作者进行嗅闻。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，Jay开始花越来越多的时间在室内。A. alne独自；B. within在内部；C. afar在远处；D. indrs在室内。根据上文的“She was then a little less than tw years ld and very alf (冷漠的), preferring t spend all her time ut alne”可知，Jay长时间喜欢独自在外，结合“Over time, Jaystarted t spend mre and mre time”可知，Jay从长时间在外转为更多待在“室内”符合语境。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当她进来时，我就会跪下来，直到我的脸和她的脸平齐，然后慢慢地把手伸到她的头上，用我看过她用舌头舔背毛的方式轻抚她。A. shk摇晃；B. extended伸展；C. waved挥动；D. drpped落下。根据上文的“Whenever she came in, I wuld kneel dwn until my face was level with hers”可知，此处描述的是作者去抚摸Jay的动作，结合下文的“strke her”可知，作者需要“伸展”手去抚摸她。故选B项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她会发出呼噜声，昏昏欲睡地睁闭着眼睛，我知道我赢得了她的信任。A. devtin奉献；B. supprt支持；C. affectin喜爱；D. lyalty忠诚。根据常识和下文的“Then she wuld purr (呼噜声), pen and clse her eyes sleepily”可知，Jay的反应表明她对作者产生了“喜爱”符合语境。故选C项。
Clze 4
（2025·北京平谷·一模）When Jhn Jyce stepped int his brand-new truck, he said, “I feel like a millinaire.” The 83-year-ld frm St. Petersburg, Flrida, wh cuts grass fr a living, may nt have a millin dllars, but he 1 everyne else like they d.
Rbert Nrtn is Jyce’s ld custmer and Jyce has wrked fr him fr eight years. “He is the kind f guy yu just want t hug,” Rbert Nrtn said. “He is a 2 man with a heart f gld and he wrks very hard.”
Nthing stps him frm making sure all f his 3 grass gets cut, even if that means walking six miles while pushing his grass cutter. After his 1994 Frd truck brke dwn three mnths ag, Nrtn asked him why he still 4 . He respnded by saying, “If I dn’t cut the grass, it’s ging t grw, Rbert!”
Nrtn was 5 by Jyce’s devtin t his wrk when he heard a knck at the dr a few days later. It was Jyce, wh had just walked three miles t ask fr US$5 t fuel his grass cutter.
Nrtn gave him US$20 and tld him t fill up his machine and keep the 6 . “I wanted t d smething mre fr him since he’s such a hard wrker,” Nrtn said.
Then Nrtn went t his wife with the 7 t buy Jyce a new truck. Tgether they set up GFundMe page, which 8 ver US$13,000 in just a few weeks. It was enugh t buy Jyce a new truck. And with the leftver mney, Jyce 9 his insurance fr a year and received a US$l,000 gift card, which he used t buy a new grass cutter and ther tls.
When they 10 him with his new truck, Jyce culdn’t believe his eyes. “Is that my truck?” he asked while walking up t the 2024 Nissan car. “I can’t wait t try it.” Nrtn said, “I’m happy t have been able t help ut such a nice guy.”
1．A．makesB．treatsC．teachesD．tests
2．A．simpleB．meanC．strangeD．tricky
3．A．parents’B．friends’C．neighbrs’D．custmers’
4．A．searchedB．frgtC．cameD．failed
5．A．annyedB．cnfusedC．cnfirmedD．impressed
6．A．restB．levelC．secretD．fare
7．A．mneyB．warningC．ideaD．cheque
8．A．spentB．raisedC．dnatedD．cvered
9．A．paid ffB．paid backC．tk inD．tk up
10．A．bargainedB．surprisedC．assuredD．assciated
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁割草工Jyce获得顾客Nrtn帮助买新卡车的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自佛罗里达州圣彼得堡的83岁老人以割草为生，他可能没有一百万美元，但他对待其他人就像他们有一百万美元一样。A. makes制作；B. treats对待；C. teaches教；D. tests测试。根据空后“everyne else like they d”、下文“with a heart f gld and he wrks very hard”以及“He is the kind f guy yu just want t hug”可知，这里说的是Jyce对待他人的方式，就像他们有一百万美元一样。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一个单纯的人，有一颗金子般的心，并且工作非常努力。A. simple简单的；B. mean吝啬的；C. strange奇怪的；D. tricky狡猾的。根据前文“He is the kind f guy yu just want t hug”后文“with a heart f gld and he wrks very hard”以及“He respnded by saying, “If I dn’t cut the grass, it’s ging t grw, Rbert!””可知，Jyce是一个单纯善良的人。故选A。
3．考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：没有什么能阻止他确保所有顾客的草都被割掉，即使这意味着推着割草机走六英里。A. parents’父母的；B. friends’朋友的；C. neighbrs’邻居的；D. custmers’顾客的。根据前文“The 83-year-ld frm St. Petersburg, Flrida, wh cuts grass fr a living”以及“Rbert Nrtn is Jyce’s ld custmer”可知，Jyce通过为他人割草谋生，此处指确保顾客的草都被割掉。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他1994 年的福特卡车三个月前抛锚后，诺顿问他为什么还来。A. searched搜索；B. frgt忘记；C. came来；D. failed失败。根据上文“After his 1994 Frd truck brke dwn three mnths ag”以及后文Jyce的回答“If I dn’t cut the grass, it’s ging t grw, Rbert!”可知，Nrtn问Jyce为什么卡车坏了还来工作。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几天后，当诺顿听到敲门声时，乔伊斯对工作的奉献精神给他留下了深刻印象。A. annyed恼怒的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. cnfirmed坚定的，根深蒂固的；D. impressed(对……)钦佩，有深刻的好印象。根据上文“He respnded by saying, “If I dn’t cut the grass, it’s ging t grw, Rbert!””以及后文“It was Jyce, wh had just walked three miles t ask fr US$5 t fuel his grass cutter.”可知，Nrtn被Jyce对工作的奉献精神所打动，留下深刻印象。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺顿给了他20美元，让他给机器加满油，剩下的钱就留着。A. rest剩余部分；B. level水平；C. secret秘密；D. fare费用。根据前文“Nrtn gave him US$20 and tld him t fill up his machine”可知，Nrtn给了Jyce20美元加油，让他把剩下的钱留着。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后诺顿带着给乔伊斯买一辆新卡车的想法去找他的妻子。A. mney钱；B. warning警告；C. idea想法；D. cheque支票。根据后文“Then Nrtn went t his wife with the ____7____ t buy Jyce a new truck. Tgether they set up GFundMe page, which ____8____ ver US$13, 000 in just a few weeks. It was enugh t buy Jyce a new truck.”可知，这里是说Nrtn有了给Jyce买新卡车的想法。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一起建立了GFundMe页面，在短短几周内就筹集了超过13000美元。A. spent花费；B. raised筹集；C. dnated捐赠；D. cvered覆盖。根据后文“It was enugh t buy Jyce a new truck.”可知，创建页面是为了筹钱给Jyce买新卡车，所以是筹集了13000美元。故选B。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：用剩下的钱，乔伊斯付清了一年的保险费，并收到了一张1000美元的礼品卡，他用这张礼品卡买了一台新的割草机和其他工具。A. paid ff付清；B. paid back偿还；C. tk in吸收；D. tk up占据。根据前文“And with the leftver mney”以及空后“his insurance fr a year”可知，Nrtn是用剩下的钱付清保险费。故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们把新卡车给他，让他惊喜不已时，乔伊斯简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。A. bargained讨价还价；B. surprised使惊讶；C. assured使确信；D. assciated联系。根据后文“Jyce culdn’t believe his eyes”可知，他们把新卡车给Jyce时让他很惊讶。故选B。
1.(2025·北京·高考) I smetimes call him back, wrried that he might have smene 12 (scare).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. dne”表示 “使某人被……”，“smene”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
2.(2025·北京·高考) By the time yu brushed yur teeth, yu 15 (make) several decisins even withut nticing. Sme chices are quick, while thers take mre thught. Usually, better utcmes 16 (achieve) thrugh a thrugh understanding f strategies like risk tlerance.
【解析】
15.考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time yu brushed yur teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。
16.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better utcmes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better utcmes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
3.(2025·北京·高考) When 17 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. Hwever, accrding t a reprt by the Wrld Wildlife Fund, turists 18 (leave) ver 1.3 billin tns f fd waste last year, 19 accunted fr abut 8% f the ttal glbal gas release in 2024.
【解析】
17.考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。
18.考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billin tns f fd waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
4. (2024·北京·高考) Taking the time 11 (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f 12 (self-aware).
【解析】
11考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time t d sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填t rest。
12.考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词f的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense f self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
5. (2024·北京·高考) When we slw dwn, we create space t reflect n ur thughts and emtins, which helps us identify imprtant areas f ur lives and 13 (give) us the pprtunity t make right chices.
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。
6.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, Jhn Tinniswd 15 (name) the wrld’s ldest living man.
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语Jhn Tinniswd之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语Jhn Tinniswd是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。
7.(2024·北京·高考) And when 16 (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度).
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
8.(2024·北京·高考) Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knck与逻辑主语sme kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式kncking作状语。故填kncking。
9.(2024·北京·高考) My heart went ut t him, and I ___20___ (jg) ver t him. As I handed him the glasses, he lked at me and said, “Thanks!”
【解析】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jgged。故填jgged。
10.(2023·北京·高考) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as nes n punctuality (守时). I’m British. Sn after mving t Switzerland, I 11 (thrw) a huse-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up 12 (exact) n time. Years later, having mved t France.
【解析】
11.考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests shwed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
12.考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语n time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。
11.(2023·北京·高考)I turned up at the appinted hur fr a dinner, nly t find that n ther guest 13 (arrive) and my hstess was still in her sleeping suit.
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
12.(2023·北京·高考)When 14 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrve frests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen frm afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
13.(2023·北京·高考)Up t nw, China 16 (establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up t nw(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
14.(2023·北京·高考)She called fr actin 19 (address)the struggles f peple arund the wrld 20 (face) “t little water r t dirty water”. Her effrts have encuraged thers t take part by running thrugh a glbal campaign called“Run Blue”.
【解析】
19.考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填t address。
20.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语peple构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
15. (2022·北京·高考)Fearful that he might have an intentin ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started t run.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intentin t d sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填t harm。
16.(2022·北京·高考)Eventually, the man 13 (catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
17.(2022·北京·高考)Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly 14 (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supprted。
18.(2022·北京·高考)Gas naturally 16 (have) n recgnisable smell. Hwever, a strng smell is added s that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell assciated with danger.
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
19.(2022·北京·高考)The use f thse plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The wrld wn’t survive if this situatin cntinues.
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use f thse plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
20.(2021·北京·高考)As it 13 (cnnect) things，yur brain tums them int a stry,and yu get a dream．
【解析】考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填cnnects。
21.(2021·北京·高考)There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years, 18 (cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures,accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
【解析】
17.考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语ver the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
22.(2021·北京·高考)Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld, 19 (result) in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss．Much f this increase can be due t climate change.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
23.(2021·北京·高考)The findings shw a critical need 20 (invest) in disaster preventin.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t invest。