高考英语二轮-阅读词汇（专题专练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读词汇（专题专练）（北京专用）（教师版），共24页。试卷主要包含了 考情核心， 高频主题示例等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. 考情核心
北京卷阅读聚焦 “语境适配 + 逻辑关联”，核心题型为细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测，重点覆盖文化传承、科技发展、社会热点、生态环保、校园生活五大主题，词汇考查侧重在语篇中的灵活运用。
2. 高频主题示例
文化传承：非遗、传统习俗、文化交流相关词汇（如 heritage、preserve、exchange）
科技发展：AI、数字技术、科技应用相关词汇（如 artificial intelligence、algrithm、transfrm）
【心理学研究与人的情绪发展的相关词汇如：psychlgy, participant, cgnitively emtin, exhilarated, tearful, wrry】(2025-2026北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试)
What are yu ding later: wandering thrugh Van Ggh’s landscapes, time-travelling t ancient Egypt? These are the kinds f “immersive” experiences we are increasingly flded with. The immersive entertainment market glbally was valued at arund $114 billin in 2024, and it is predicted t almst quadruple t rughly $442 billin by 2030.
As a jurnalist and life-lng pp culture fan, I am simultaneusly fascinated and unsettled by immersive entertainment. My mst memrable experiences f it were persnalised and pwerfully emtive, making me exhilarated, tearful, even “cybersick”. When we are wrapped up in a narrative, particularly ne relayed thrugh a headset, we are remved frm real time.
It isn’t the escapism that wrries me, thugh — great culture frees us frm everyday cnstraints — it is the insularity (孤立). Immersive events stress the subjective viewpint, ften at the expense f the cmmunal energy that fuels scial atmsphere, s even packed-ut immersive shws can seem like slitary pursuits, with human cmpanins resembling NPCs (nn-playable vide game characters).
The cultural academic Keren Zaintz cined a sharp term fr ur cnsumptin f immersive entertainment: “narcissistic spectatrship”. One study fund VR use induced dissciative symptms in 83.9 percent f participants. The lng-term effects remain undefined, but research has highlighted recurring themes f addictin t the experience and islatin.
Over at Lndn’s Barbican Centre, Feel the Sund is a new immersive exhibitin whse installatins ffer imaginative persnalised features, including Yur Inner Symphny’s “sensing statins”, which generate unique visuals by tracking ur bdily reactins t music. Luke Kemp, wh heads up the Barbican’s immersive prgramming, says these experiences respnd t ur need fr “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless f prir knwledge: “It allws the audience t feel part f smething”.
Rbyn Landau at Kinda Studis, c-develper f Yur Inner Symphny, pints ut the link t interceptin — ur awareness f ur bdy’s inner senses. “When we have these transfrmative experiences individually that cnnect us t urselves, they actually transfrm hw we shw up in the wrld and the way we cnnect t thers,” she says.
Accrding t psychlgist Sphie Janicke-Bwles, immersive experiences “can have an incredible recvery effect n ur mind, where we can detach frm ur everyday cncerns and cgnitively, emtinally and even physilgically get absrbed int smething different”.
But fr me, there is still a curius tensin at play in immersive entertainment, and I am trn abut where the rapidly develping scene is taking us. It des give us an pprtunity t tune int urselves, but I am less cnvinced it amplifies ur bnd with thse arund us. If we remain fixated by ur wn reflectins, then we are missing the bigger picture. Immersive entertainment might make VIPs f us all, but culture shuld als bring us tgether.
31. What can we learn abut the authr’s immersive experiences?
A. They free the authr frm restrictins.
B. They lift the authr ut f an awful md.
C. They leave the authr feeling alne in the crwd.
D. They cause the authr t be emtinally unstable.
32. What can be inferred abut Luke Kemp’s view n immersive experiences?
A. They make peple feel included.B. They lead t self-fcused perspectives.
C. They help with mental wellness.D. They transfrm ur scial interactins.
33. The authr mentins Yur Inner Symphny mainly t ________.
A. restate an argumentB. prpse a cncept
C. prvide an exampleD. present an pinin
34. The authr cnsiders Sphie Janicke-Bwles’s view ________.
A. partialB. insightful
C. cnfusingD. practical
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了沉浸式娱乐体验的利弊，包括其带来的情感冲击、孤立感及对个体与社会关系的影响。
31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Immersive events stress the subjective viewpint, ften at the expense f the cmmunal energy that fuels scial atmsphere, s even packed-ut immersive shws can seem like slitary pursuits, with human cmpanins resembling NPCs (nn-playable vide game characters). (沉浸式活动强调主观观点，往往以牺牲激发社会氛围的集体能量为代价，因此即使是座无虚席的沉浸式表演也可能看起来像是孤独的追求，人类同伴就像非玩家角色。)”可知，作者的沉浸式体验让作者感到在人群中很孤独。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Luke Kemp, wh heads up the Barbican’s immersive prgramming, says these experiences respnd t ur need fr “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless f prir knwledge: “It allws the audience t feel part f smething”. (负责巴比肯沉浸式节目策划的卢克·肯普表示，这些体验满足了我们对“有趣”文化空间的需求，无论是否有先验知识都可以参与其中：“它让观众感受到自己是其中的一部分”。)”可知，卢克·肯普认为沉浸式体验让观众感受到自己是其中的一部分，即让观众感到被包含在内。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Over at Lndn’s Barbican Centre, Feel the Sund is a new immersive exhibitin whse installatins ffer imaginative persnalised features, including Yur Inner Symphny’s “sensing statins”, which generate unique visuals by tracking ur bdily reactins t music. Luke Kemp, wh heads up the Barbican’s immersive prgramming, says these experiences respnd t ur need fr “playful” cultural spaces, accessible regardless f prir knwledge: “It allws the audience t feel part f smething”. (在伦敦巴比肯艺术中心，一场名为“聆听声音”的全新沉浸式展览正在举办。展览中的装置作品兼具创意与个性化特色，其中《内心交响曲》项目的“感知站”，能通过追踪人体对音乐的反应生成独特视觉效果。巴比肯中心沉浸式项目负责人卢克・肯普表示，这些体验满足了人们对“富有趣味性”的文化空间的需求，无论是否有相关知识储备都能参与：“它让观众感觉自己是某件事的一部分。”)”可知，作者提及该作品是为了通过开发者的表述，传递沉浸式体验与自我、社交相关的观点。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段中“Accrding t psychlgist Sphie Janicke-Bwles, immersive experiences “can have an incredible recvery effect n ur mind, where we can detach frm ur everyday cncerns and cgnitively, emtinally and even physilgically get absrbed int smething different”. (根据心理学家索菲·贾尼克-鲍尔斯的说法，沉浸式体验“可以对我们的心灵产生令人难以置信的恢复效果，我们可以摆脱日常的烦恼，在认知、情感甚至生理上投入到不同的东西中”。)”以及最后一段中作者的观点“It des give us an pprtunity t tune int urselves, but I am less cnvinced it amplifies ur bnd with thse arund us. (它确实给了我们关注自我的机会，但我不太相信它能加强我们与周围人的联结。)”可知，作者认可该观点中沉浸式体验对心灵的修复作用，但认为其未提及社交联结层面，观点不够全面。故选A。
(2025-2026北京市海淀区高三上学期期中考试) 【社会热点：校园活动、社区服务、生活趋势相关词汇（如 dnatin、sustainability、vlunteering）】
GRice aims t empwer and engage yung peple t learn mre abut issues such as hunger, sustainability and gender equality. After mre than 10 years, GRice is grwing up.
A Game with a Cause
GRice is a quiz game that raises rice grains fr each crrect answer. In GRice, players have t earn rice grains t fill a virtual bwl. This “unlcks” the dnatins f the private spnsrs wh fund the prgram — raise rice and yu raise mney. The funds then g t supprt The Wrld Fd Prgramme (WFP)’s wrk in emergencies — in cuntries impacted by cnflict, climate disasters and rising prices.
Categries fr All Ages and Interests
GRice has mre than 60 categries cvering academic subjects, general knwledge, the UN’s Sustainable Develpment Gals and mre. The mst ppular categries are English Vcabulary and the Multiplicatin Table. New cntent areas cver Wmen Leaders, Fds f the Wrld and Pp Culture. These are the cntributins f vlunteers wh include educatinal influencers, academics and GRice fans.
Nw there are even mre ways t learn and give back. The new GRice aims t prvide yung peple with resurces and ideas n hw t becme advcates in their cmmunities. Visitrs can read stries n the Blg and submit their wn stries t be featured n the prgram.
Sme f the latest stries yu’ll find n GRice include:
• Hw climate change is affecting ur fd systems
• 5 tips n hw t live a mre sustainable life
• Hw t incrprate mre pulses int yur diet
• The pwer f crn
Schls are ne f GRice’s biggest audiences, s the new prgram als ffers printable materials fr the classrm, including an A-Z ebk that intrduces WFP’s wrk, a tlkit fr using the game and certificates f participatin t reward players fr raising rice grains.
21. Hw des GRice help supprt WFP?
A. By imprving upn rice farming.B. By unlcking spnsrs’ dnatins.
C. By asking players t dnate mney.D. By prviding material aid in emergencies.
22. What can we knw abut GRice’s categries?
A. There are ver 60 categries targeting teenagers.
B. The new cntent includes English Vcabulary.
C. Mst ppular categries are frm academics.
D. Vlunteers can cntribute new cntent areas.
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce a nn-prfit prgram.B. T attract peple t submit stries.
C. T persuade peple t play games.D. T infrm peple f WFP’s wrk.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了GRice这一非营利性项目如何通过游戏助力世界粮食计划署并鼓励年轻人参与公益。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据A Game with a Cause部分中“GRice is a quiz game that raises rice grains fr each crrect answer. In GRice, players have t earn rice grains t fill a virtual bwl. This “unlcks” the dnatins f the private spnsrs wh fund the prgram — raise rice and yu raise mney. The funds then g t supprt The Wrld Fd Prgramme (WFP)’s wrk in emergencies — in cuntries impacted by cnflict, climate disasters and rising prices.(GRice是一款问答游戏，每答对一题即可筹集一定数量的米粒。在GRice中，玩家必须赚取米粒来填满一个虚拟的碗。这能“解锁”资助该项目的私人赞助商的捐赠——筹集大米，也就筹集到了资金。这些资金随后会用于支持世界粮食计划署（WFP）在紧急情况下的工作——在受冲突、气候灾害和物价上涨影响的国家开展援助。)”可知，GRice通过解锁赞助商的捐赠来支持世界粮食计划署。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Categries fr All Ages and Interests部分中“GRice has mre than 60 categries cvering academic subjects, general knwledge, the UN’s Sustainable Develpment Gals and mre. The mst ppular categries are English Vcabulary and the Multiplicatin Table. New cntent areas cver Wmen Leaders, Fds f the Wrld and Pp Culture. These are the cntributins f vlunteers wh include educatinal influencers, academics and GRice fans.(GRice拥有60多个类别，涵盖学术科目、常识、联合国可持续发展目标等。最受欢迎的类别是英语词汇和乘法表。新的内容领域包括女性领袖、世界美食和流行文化。这些新内容由志愿者贡献，志愿者中包括教育界有影响力的人士、学者和GRice的粉丝。)”可知，志愿者可以贡献新的内容领域。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“GRice aims t empwer and engage yung peple t learn mre abut issues such as hunger, sustainability and gender equality. After mre than 10 years, GRice is grwing up.(GRice旨在赋予年轻人权力并让他们参与进来，以了解更多关于饥饿、可持续性和性别平等等问题。十多年后，GRice正在成长。)”可知，文章主要是为了介绍了GRice这一非营利性项目。故选A。
01阅读词汇填空（原创）
文化传承类
1.Paper-cutting is a precius intangible cultural ______ (heritage) f China.
2.Yung peple shuld ______ (inherit) traditinal crafts and pass them dwn t the next generatin.
3.The museum aims t ______ (preserve) ancient artwrks and share their stries with visitrs.
4.Cultural ______ (exchange) between cuntries helps prmte mutual understanding.
5.The artist ______ (innvate) traditinal music by adding mdern elements t attract yung listeners.
【答案及解析】
1.heritage（文化遗产，固定搭配 “intangible cultural heritage”，非物质文化遗产）
2.inherit（继承，动词原形，与 “pass dwn” 形成语义呼应）
3.preserve（保护，动词原形，结合博物馆场景，指保护艺术品免受破坏）
4.exchange（交流，名词形式，“cultural exchange” 为固定搭配）
5.innvates（创新，主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时，体现对传统的革新）
科技发展类
1.Big ______ (data) has becme an imprtant tl in mdern scientific research.
2.AI technlgy has ______ (revlutinize) the way we wrk and cmmunicate.
3.The new ______ (algrithm) helps ptimize rutes fr lgistics rbts.
4.This ______ (digital) device can mnitr envirnmental data in real time.
5.Scientists are trying t ______ (accelerate) the develpment f renewable energy technlgy.
【答案及解析】
1.data（数据，“big data” 为固定搭配，大数据）
2.revlutinized（彻底改变，现在完成时，强调科技带来的颠覆性变化）
3.algrithm（算法，名词，对应科技核心术语）
4.digital（数字的，形容词修饰 “device”，指数字设备）
5.accelerate（加速，动词原形，“accelerate develpment” 为固定搭配）
社会热点类
1.Online shpping has becme a cmmn scial ______ (phenmenn) in mdern sciety.
2.Many experts ______ (advcate) reducing plastic use t prtect the envirnment.
3.Vlunteer activities can ______ (strengthen) scial bnds and enrich peple's lives.
4.Healthy living has becme a ppular ______ (trend) amng yung peple.
5.The cmmunity launched a prgram t ______ (slve) real-wrld challenges fr residents.
【答案及解析】
1.phenmenn（现象，单数形式，“scial phenmenn” 为固定搭配）
2.advcate（倡导，动词原形，主语为复数，用原形）
3.strengthen（加强，动词原形，“strengthen scial bnds” 意为加强社会纽带）
4.trend（趋势，“ppular trend” 为固定搭配，流行趋势）
5.slve（解决，动词原形，“slve challenges” 为固定搭配）
生态环保类
1.Prtecting ______ (bidiversity) is essential fr maintaining the balance f ecsystems.
2.We shuld ______ (reduce) the use f dispsable prducts t cut pllutin.
3.The gvernment plans t ______ (prmte) renewable energy such as slar pwer.
4.Defrestatin has led t the ______ (destry) f many animal habitats.
5.This new technlgy is ______ (sustainable) and friendly t the envirnment.
【答案及解析】
1.bidiversity（生物多样性，环保核心术语）
2.reduce（减少，动词原形，“reduce the use f” 为固定搭配）
3.prmte（推广，动词原形，“prmte renewable energy” 意为推广可再生能源）
4.destructin（破坏，名词形式，作 “led t” 的宾语）
5.sustainable（可持续的，形容词，对应 “sustainable develpment” 理念）
校园生活类
1.Gd time management helps cpe with academic ______ (pressure).
2.Students are encuraged t ______ (participate) in extracurricular activities.
3.Grup ______ (discussin) can imprve cmmunicatin and cperatin skills.
4.The teacher assigned a term ______ (paper) n envirnmental prtectin.
5.She is ______ (diligent) and always finishes her hmewrk n time.
【答案及解析】
1.pressure（压力，“academic pressure” 为固定搭配，学业压力）
2.participate（参与，动词原形，“participate in” 为固定搭配）
3.discussin（讨论，名词形式，“grup discussin” 为固定搭配）
4.paper（论文，“term paper” 为固定搭配，学期论文）
5.diligent（勤奋的，形容词，描述学生的学习态度）
题型 02 语篇词汇精读（真题改编 + 原创）
Passage 1（文化传承类・2024 海淀一模改编）
Chinese calligraphy, a precius cultural heritage, has attracted many yung peple in recent years. As mre peple realize the value f this ancient art, cmmunities acrss China have set up calligraphy wrkshps. These wrkshps aim t help peple inherit the art frm—participants learn t cpy wrks by ld masters, and thrugh cnstant practice, they refine their skills little by little.​
Calligraphy is mre than just writing neatly. It requires fcus and patience, and many peple find that practicing it helps them calm their minds. The delicate brush strkes in each wrk als cnvey the creatr’s emtins and spirit. Tday, yung peple ften share their calligraphy wrks n scial media platfrms. This nt nly lets them shw their prgress but als prmtes the spread f this traditinal art t a wider audience.
This trend clearly shws that traditinal culture desn’t have t stay in the past. Instead, it can adapt t mdern life and gain new vitality, making it mre relevant t yung peple tday.
Questins
1.What des the underlined wrd "inherit" in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Invent B. Prtect C. Receive and cntinue D. Ignre
2.Why d yung peple share their calligraphy wrks nline?
A. T learn new skills frm thers B. T shw their prgress and spread the art
C. T get feedback frm ld masters D. T cmpete with ther calligraphy lvers
3.Which wrd can best describe the relatinship between traditinal culture and mdern life in the passage?
A. Unrelated B. Cnflicting C. Adaptable D. Unchangeable
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C
【解析】
考查词义猜测。结合前文 “传承这一艺术形式’及后文“临摹大师作品、练习技能”，可知 “inherit” 指 “传承”，即 “接收并延续”，对应选项 C。
考查细节理解。根据第二段 “nt nly lets them shw their prgress but als prmtes the spread f this traditinal art”，可知年轻人网上分享作品是为了展示进步和推广艺术，对应选项 B。
考查推理判断。根据第三段 “it can adapt t mdern life and gain new vitality”，可知传统文化与现代生活是 “可适应的” 关系，对应选项 C。
Passage 2（科技发展类・原创）
With the rapid develpment f artificial intelligence (AI), smart rbts have becme an imprtant part f the lgistics industry. These rbts are equipped with advanced sensrs and algrithms, which allw them t mve independently in large warehuses. Unlike human wrkers, they can srt packages 24 hurs a day withut getting tired, greatly reducing labr csts fr cmpanies.
Hwever, the wide use f AI als brings sme challenges. Many wrkers wrry that rbts will take their jbs. T address this prblem, sme cmpanies have started prviding training prgrams fr emplyees. These prgrams help wrkers learn new skills, such as hw t perate and maintain the AI rbts, s they can take n new rles in the wrkplace.
Experts believe that AI is nt here t replace humans. Instead, it will transfrm the way we wrk. Fr example, rbts can handle repetitive tasks, while humans can fcus n mre creative and cmplex wrk. Therefre, it’s imprtant fr peple t embrace new technlgy and learn t adapt t these changes.
Questins
1.What des the underlined wrd "equipped" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Educated B. Fitted with C. Examined D. Experienced
2.Hw d cmpanies slve the prblem f wrkers’ jb wrries?
A. By reducing the number f rbts B. By prviding training fr wrkers
C. By increasing wrkers’ salaries D. By hiring mre human wrkers
3.What is the experts’ view n AI?
A. It will cmpletely replace human wrkers B. It will change the way peple wrk
C. It is nt useful fr the lgistics industry D. It is t expensive fr mst cmpanies
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B
【解析】
考查词义猜测。结合后文 “advanced sensrs and algrithms（先进传感器和算法）”，可知机器人 “配备” 这些设备，“equipped” 意为 “装有、配备”，对应选项 B。
考查细节理解。根据第二段 “prviding training prgrams fr emplyees. These prgrams help wrkers learn new skills”，可知公司通过提供培训解决员工担忧，对应选项 B。
考查推理判断。根据第三段 “it will transfrm the way we wrk”，可知专家认为 AI 会 “改变人们的工作方式”，对应选项 B。
Passage 3（生态环保类・2025 新高考 I 卷改编）
Micrplastic pllutin has becme ne f the mst serius envirnmental prblems in recent years. Studies shw that even bttled water, which many peple think is clean, cntains mre micrplastics than riginally thught. These tiny plastic pieces can enter the human bdy and threaten peple’s health.
T slve this prblem, scientists have prpsed several slutins. One idea is t develp bidegradable materials—these materials can break dwn naturally, s they wn’t leave micrplastics in the envirnment. Anther slutin is t encurage peple t use fewer dispsable plastic prducts, such as plastic bags and bttles.
Prtecting bidiversity is als clsely linked t envirnmental prtectin. Fr example, many cities have started wetland restratin prjects. These prjects expand habitats fr waterfwl and ther animals, helping t maintain the balance f ecsystems. On a persnal level, peple can cntribute by adpting lw-carbn lifestyles, like taking public transprt instead f driving, r saving electricity at hme.
Everyne has a respnsibility t prtect the envirnment. Only by wrking tgether can we build a sustainable future fr urselves and future generatins.
Questins
1.What des the underlined wrd "threaten" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Imprve. B. Benefit. C. Endanger. D. Supprt.
2.What is a bidegradable material?
A. A material that is made f micrplastics. B. A material that can break dwn naturally.
C. A material that is very expensive. D. A material that is used nly in bttles.
3.Hw can individuals help prtect the envirnment?
A. By using mre dispsable plastic prducts.
B. By driving cars instead f taking public transprt.
C. By saving electricity and adpting lw-carbn lifestyles.
D. By ignring wetland restratin prjects.
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.C
【解析】
考查词义猜测。结合前文 “微塑料进入人体”，可知会 “危害” 健康，“threaten” 意为 “威胁、危害”，对应选项 C。
考查细节理解。根据第二段 “these materials can break dwn naturally”，可知可生物降解材料是 “能自然分解的材料”，对应选项 B。
考查细节理解。根据第三段 “adpting lw-carbn lifestyles, like taking public transprt... r saving electricity”，可知个人可通过 “节约用电、践行低碳生活” 保护环境，对应选项 C。
1． 【熟词在新情境下的推断】
1. 词义猜测类（2024 新课标 I 卷改编）
原文：When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve t tasks that require mental abstractin.
Questin: What des the underlined phrase "shine thrugh" prbably mean?
A. Becme hard t ntice B. Becme easy t see
C. Becme impssible t prve D. Becme difficult t explain
【答案】B
【解析】考查语境猜词能力。前文提到 “纸质阅读更成功”，后文 “需要思维抽象的任务” 进一步凸显优势，结合逻辑可知 “shine thrugh” 意为 “显现、显而易见”，与 B 项一致。
2. 细节理解类（2025 北京卷改编）
原文：The Language Exchange Prgramme allws students in pairs t cmmunicate in tw different languages. Students recrd shrt entries after each meeting nting the language skills practised and tpics discussed. T cmplete the prgramme, students need t attend 18 weekly ne-hur pair meetings.
Questin: What is required t cmplete the Language Exchange Prgramme?
A. Giving weekly lectures B. Attending pair meetings regularly
C. Writing lng essays D. Teaching new languages
【答案】B
【解析】考查细节匹配能力。原文明确提到 “attend 18 weekly ne-hur pair meetings”，与选项 B “定期参加配对会议” 精准对应，其余选项无原文依据。
3. 推理判断类（2024 全国 I 卷改编）
原文：Farber tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n him seemed likely t wrk n his patients, s he began ffering acupuncture t pets.
Questin: Why did Farber ffer acupuncture t pets?
A. He learned it frm his patients B. He benefited frm it persnally
C. It was required by his jb D. It was ppular amng pet wners
【答案】B
【解析】考查推理能力。原文提到 “Farber 自己通过针灸好转”，进而推断对宠物有效，因此 B 项 “他个人从中受益” 是核心原因。
4. 主旨大意类（原创）
原文：Beijing has launched many initiatives t balance eclgical prtectin and develpment. It cnducts annual "physical examinatins" fr ancient trees and restres wetlands t prtect bidiversity. At the same time, the city prmtes carbn neutrality by replacing cal-fired bilers and expanding electric buses. These effrts aim t build a livable green capital.
Questin: What is the main idea f the text?
A. Beijing prtects ancient trees thrugh strict rules
B. Beijing advances green develpment thrugh multiple measures
C. Electric buses are ppular in Beijing
D. Wetland restratin is imprtant fr bidiversity
【答案】B
【解析】考查主题聚焦能力。文章围绕 “生态保护 + 低碳发展” 展开，列举多项措施，核心是 “北京通过多种方式推进绿色发展”，B 项涵盖主题词和核心逻辑，其余选项仅为单一细节。
5. （保护野生动物，涉及生态保护词汇：envirnmental, bidiversity, wildlife, species等）（北京市清华大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考）
Wildlife ppulatins arund the wrld are facing dramatic declines, accrding t new figures that have led envirnmental campaigners t call fr urgent actin t rescue the natural wrld. The 2022 Living Planet Index (LPI), prduced by the Zlgical Sciety f Lndn (ZSL), reveals that studied ppulatins f mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have seen an average decline f 69 per cent since 1970, faster than previus predictins. The LPI tracked glbal bidiversity between 1970 and 2018, based n the mnitring f 31,821 ppulatins f 5230 vertebrate (脊椎动物) species. Mark Wright f WWF says the degree f decline is destructive and cntinues t wrsen. “We are nt seeing any really psitive signs that we are beginning t bend the curve f nature,” he says.
Freshwater vertebrates have been amng the hardest-hit ppulatins, with mnitred ppulatins shwing an average decline f 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazn pink river dlphin, fr example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its ppulatin between 1994 and 2016. Meanwhile, sme f the mst bidiverse regins f the wrld are seeing the steepest falls in wildlife, with the Caribbean and central and suth America seeing average wildlife ppulatin declined by 94 per cent since 1970. Habitat lss and reductin is the largest driver f wildlife lss in all regins arund the wrld, fllwed by species verexplitatin by hunting, fishing r paching (偷猎).
In December, gvernments frm arund the wrld will gather in Mntreal, Canada, fr the COP15 Bidiversity Framewrk, a much-delayed summit that aims t agree n a set f new targets intended t prevent the lss f animals, plants and habitats glbally by 2030. “This is a nce-in-a-decade pprtunity that’s cming up,” says Rbin Freeman f ZSL. He says it is vital that gvernments use the summit t agree n “meaningful, well measurable targets and gals”. “We need gvernments t take actin t ensure that thse gals deal with the cmplicated cmbined threats f climate change and bidiversity, in rder fr us t see a meaningful actin,” says Freeman. But sme researchers warn that the LPI’s use f a headline figure f decline is easy t be misunderstd.
The findings d nt mean all species r ppulatins wrldwide are in decline. In fact, apprximately half the ppulatins shw a stable r increasing trend, and half shw a declining trend. “I think a mre apprpriate and useful way t lk at it is t fcus n specific species r ppulatins,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our Wrld in Data. But Wright says the LPI is a useful tl that reflects the findings f ther bidiversity indicatrs. “All f thse shw they all scream there is smething ging really very badly wrng,” says Wright.
28. What des the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean?
A. Destry and change nature.B. preserve the diversity f nature.
C. Underestimate the benefits f nature.D. Lve and prtect nature.
29. In paragraph 2, the authr mentins the Amazn pink river dlphin t shw ________.
A. the number f Amazn dlphins is n the rise
B. freshwater vertebrates are severely stricken
C. species verexplitatin by fishing is the wrst
D. Wildlife in bidiversity regins suffers the mst
30. What is Hannah’s attitude twards LPI’s use f a headline figure f decline?
A. uncncernedB. critical
C. sympatheticD. dubtful
31. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. The 2022 LPI is Revealed
B. The COP15 Bidiversity Framewrk is Appraching
C. Scientists achieved a Shared Interpretatin f the 2022 LPI
D. Actins are Needed t Save Declining Wildlife Ppulatins
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2022年地球生命力指数显示全球野生动物种群大幅下降，分析受影响群体、原因，提及相关峰会及对指数的不同看法，呼吁采取行动拯救自然。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Mark Wright f WWF says the degree f decline is destructive and cntinues t wrsen. “We are nt seeing any really psitive signs that we are beginning t bend the curve f nature,” he says. (世界自然基金会的马克·赖特表示，物种减少的程度具有破坏性，且持续恶化。他说：“我们没有看到任何真正积极的迹象表明，我们正开始扭转自然界（物种减少）的趋势。”)”可知，前文强调物种减少恶化，“积极迹象”应指向改善这一状况，“bend the curve f nature”结合前文“物种减少持续恶化”，指扭转物种减少的趋势，即保护自然多样性。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Freshwater vertebrates have been amng the hardest-hit ppulatins, with mnitred ppulatins shwing an average decline f 83 per cent since 1970. The Amazn pink river dlphin, fr example, has experienced a 65 per cent decline in its ppulatin between 1994 and 2016. (淡水脊椎动物是受影响最严重的种群之一，自1970年以来，被监测的种群数量平均下降了83%。例如，1994年至2016年间，亚马逊粉红河豚的数量下降了65%。)”可知，作者以亚马逊粉红河豚为例，是为具体说明淡水脊椎动物种群数量大幅下降，即它们受到严重冲击。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The findings d nt mean all species r ppulatins wrldwide are in decline. In fact, apprximately half the ppulatins shw a stable r increasing trend, and half shw a declining trend. “I think a mre apprpriate and useful way t lk at it is t fcus n specific species r ppulatins,” says Hannah Ritchie at Our Wrld in Data. (这些研究结果并不意味着全球所有物种或种群都在减少。事实上，约有一半的种群呈现稳定或增长趋势，另一半则呈下降趋势。“我认为看待这一问题更恰当、更有效的方式是聚焦特定物种或种群，” 来自Our Wrld in Data的汉娜・里奇表示。)”可知，汉娜指出该指数的总体数据易误解，并提出更优的看待方式，态度带有批判性。故选B项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“Wildlife ppulatins arund the wrld are facing dramatic declines, accrding t new figures that have led envirnmental campaigners t call fr urgent actin t rescue the natural wrld. (根据新数据，全球野生动物种群正面临大幅下降，这促使环保人士呼吁采取紧急行动拯救自然界。)”以及第二段分析种群下降情况与原因、第三段提及COP15峰会旨在制定目标保护生物多样性、第四段对指数的不同解读可知，文章核心是围绕野生动物种群下降展开，呼吁采取行动拯救，“需要采取行动拯救不断减少的野生动物种群”最能概括全文，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。
6. （心理学研究，涉及心理学研究相关词汇：psychlgy, subject, trait, genetic, intellect, research, experimentatin等）（北京市延庆区2025-2026学年高三上学期开学考）
Nature vs. Nurture
Curisity has always been ne f the mst innate and prevailing qualities f humankind. Our endless pursuit f truth and reasn has resulted in a lt f crucial discveries in the wrld. Hwever, the mre we uncver the wrld, the mre we end up generating mre questins t answer. Out f all the wnders f the wrld, human psychlgy is deemed t be ne f the mst cntrversial. The cmplexity f the mind and its reflectin n human behavir has been a subject f many studies and debates. One f the ldest and, still, mst talked abut argument in psychlgy is the nature against nurture debate.
Nature refers t the bilgical structure and prcesses that determine a persn’s physical and behaviral attributes. Due t the advancement f genetics, scientists have uncvered that physical traits such as eye clr, hair type, height, and life expectancy f a persn can strngly be related t the genetic makeup. These discveries have led t the speculatin that mst psychlgical characteristics like intellect, persnality, and language acquisitin ability are already pre-wired t ur system thrugh ur genetic pattern.
In cntrast, nurture thery suggests that behavir is shaped frm sci-cultural factrs. This thery is guided by Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery, which refers t the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with infrmatin derived frm direct and indirect experiences. This thery states peple’s characteristics and behaviral diversity are results f scial and cultural influences encuntered during their develpment.
The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put frward by Sir Francis Galtn, wh believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He als believed that intellect can be passed frm generatin t generatin. Thus, peple with high intelligence have a majr chance f having highly intellectual ffspring, while peple having lwer than average intellect are mre likely t have lw intellectual ffspring. Hwever, the believers f nurture thery believed that intellectual ability is the result f inequalities in access t resurces and pprtunities. Thus, intellect is nt a prduct f heredity but mre f a result f the scial cnstruct.
Cuntless research and experimentatin have been cnducted t put an end t the seemingly endless debate. Psychlgists and researchers f the present already embrace the idea that a persn’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the envirnment. The years f labred research n nature and nurture thery finally have brne fruit. Technlgy and research have expanded a better understanding f the human persnality and mind, and will just cntinuusly d as time passes by.
32. Why des the authr mentin “curisity” in the first paragraph?
A. T predict the research results.
B. T emphasize the imprtance f explring.
C. T lead t the argument f nature against nurture.
D. T raise the reader’s interest in the thery f nature.
33. What des Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery suggest?
A. Human mind is always blank.
B. Peple’s behavirs are learned.
C. Behavir is determined genetically.
D. Culture has little influence n human.
34. What is the attitude f Sir Francis Galtn twards the thery f nurture?
A. Disapprving.B. Supprtive.
C. Neutral.D. Cautius.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕心理学中最为古老且备受争议的“先天与后天”之争展开讨论，介绍了“先天”和“后天”两种理论的内容及人们对这两种理论的态度。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Curisity has always been ne f the mst innate and prevailing qualities f humankind. Our endless pursuit f truth and reasns has resulted in a lt f crucial discveries in the wrld. Hwever, the mre we uncver the wrld, the mre we end up generating mre questins t answer. Out f all the wnders f the wrld, human psychlgy is deemed t be ne f the mst cntrversial. The cmplexity f the mind and its reflectin n human behavir has been a subject f many studies and debates. One f the ldest and, still, mst talked abut argument in psychlgy is the nature against nurture debate.(好奇心一直是人类最天生和最普遍的品质之一。我们对真理和理性的无尽追求导致了世界上许多重要的发现。然而，我们对世界的了解越多，最终就会产生更多需要回答的问题。在世界上所有的奇迹中，人类心理学被认为是最具争议的之一。大脑的复杂性及其对人类行为的反映一直是许多研究和辩论的主题。心理学中最古老且仍然备受争议的论点之一就是先天与后天之争)”可推知，作者在第一段提到“好奇心”，是为了引出后文对心理学中最古老且备受争议的先天与后天之争的讨论。故选C项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In cntrast, nurture thery suggests that behavir is hned frm sci-cultural factrs. This thery is guided by Jhn Lcke’s “blank slate” thery, which refers t the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with infrmatin derived frm direct and indirect experiences.(相比之下，后天培养理论认为，行为是由社会文化因素塑造的。这一理论以约翰·洛克的“白板说”理论为指导，该理论认为，人类的大脑在原始状态下是一块白板，逐渐被来自直接和间接经验的信息所填充)”可知，约翰·洛克的“白板说”理论认为，人类的行为是通过后天经验学习得来的。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put frward by Sir Francis Galtn, wh believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He als believed that intellect can be passed frm generatin t generatin. Thus, peple with high intelligence have a majr chance f having highly intellectual ffspring, while peple having lwer than average intellect are mre likely t have lw intellectual ffspring. Hwever, the believers f nurture thery believed that intellectual ability is the result f inequalities in access t resurces and pprtunities. Thus, intellect is nt a prduct f heredity but mre f a result f the scial cnstruct.(“先天与后天”之争这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的、可遗传的人类特征。他还认为智力可以代代相传。因此，高智商的人生出高智商后代的可能性很大，而智商低于平均水平的人生出低智商后代的可能性更大。然而，后天培养理论的信徒认为，智力是获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力不是遗传的产物，而是社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士认为智力是遗传的，而后天培养理论的信徒认为智力是社会建构的结果。由此推知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士对后天培养理论持不赞成的态度。故选A项。
目录
第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿
第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分
A组·保分基础练
题型01主题词汇填空（原创）
B组·抢分能力练
题型02语篇词汇精读（真题改编+原创）
第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法