上海高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空（教师版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空（教师版），共50页。学案主要包含了答案详解，Keys等内容，欢迎下载使用。
上海高考英语语法填空题是全面检测学生语法在篇章中综合运用能力，能更科学地反应学生的英语语法知识的综合程度。上海历年高考英语语法高频考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。
本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。
有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词；无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。
（2025届·上海格致中学·校考）
Scientists cnfirmed Mnday that a skeletn (骷髅) fund under a carpark in the English city f Leicester was that f King Richard III, in a weird end t a 500-year-ld mystery.
DNA frm the bnes 1 (match) that f existing generatin f the king’s sister and the skeletn had the battle injuries cnsistent 2 cntemprary accunts.
The remains f the king, viewed as ne f English histry’s wrst guys, will be reburied later in the lcal church.
The discvery has caused huge excitement amng histrians, as it prvides firm evidence abut a ruler whse life 3 (shadw), in spite f fficial recrds, by rumurs (谣言) cncerning his cld bld since his death at the Battle f Bswrth in 1485.
Accrding t histrical accunts, Richard’s bdy was transprted naked and bldy n the back f a pack hrse t Leicester befre being buried in an unmarked grave at Greyfriars, a Franciscan temple in the central English city.
Then the crwn passed t the Tudr rulers wh painted Richard as an ugly bad guy wh stpped at 4 in his pursuit f pwer, even murdering his tw yung nephews, the s-called Princes in the Twer, 5 (secure) the pwer.
The hunt fr his bdy began years ag when archaelgists (考古学家) started t dig beneath the municipal carpark 6 the king was suppsedly buried. They finally fund the skeletn.
On Mnday archaelgists said the skeletn cnfirmed that the king had severe injury in the backbne. It may have been painful and caused his right shulder t appear higher than his left, but there was n evidence f the defrmed arm 7 (mentin) in Shakespeare’s “Richard III”.
Histrians nw hpe t clear sme f the myths abut Richard, 8 (publicize) evidence t argue against the claim that he killed the tw yung princes. They intend t fcus n 9 Richard achieved in his brief tw-year ruling, including the establishment f a system f legal aid.
Accrding t Philippa Langley, a member f the Richard III Sciety, 10 cruel Richard III appeared t be in the past, a new image will emerge f the king. “We have searched fr Richard and we have fund him. Nw it’s time t hnur him,” she said.
【答案】
1．matched 2．with 3．has been shadwed 4．nthing 5．t secure 6．where 7．mentined 8．publicizing 9．what 10．hwever
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国科学家的一项发现：莱斯特市的一个停车场地下挖掘出的遗骸是15世纪英格兰国王查理三世，通过对此研究，解开了长达五百年的谜团。
1．考查动词时态。句意：这幅骸骨的DNA与查理三世一名姐妹的后代相匹配，骨骼上的战斗损伤与当代的描述一致。分析可知，“and”表达并列关系，连接前后两个句子，由此可知，所填动词应是前句的谓语动词，结合后句谓语“had”为一般过去时可知，所填动词所在句应是一般过去时。故填matched。
2．考查介词。句意：这幅骸骨的DNA与查理三世一名姐妹的后代相匹配，骨骼上的战斗损伤与当代的描述一致。“(be) cnsistent with…”，固定短语，意为“符合；与……一致”。故填with。
3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一发现在历史学家中引起了极大的兴奋，因为它提供了一个确凿的证据，证明一个统治者的生活一直被关于他自1485年在博斯沃思战役中死亡以来冷血无情的谣言所掩盖，尽管有官方记录。分析可知，所填动词应是定语从句“whse life ______3 ____ (shadw), in spite f fficial recrds, by rumurs cncerning his cld bld since his death at the Battle f Bswrth in 1485．”中的谓语动词，结合时间状语“since his death at the Battle f Bswrth in 1485”可知，应是现在完成时，且动词“shadw(在……上投下或覆盖阴影)”与主语“whse life”之间为被动关系，应是现在完成时被动结构：have/has been dne，且主语“whse life”为第三人称单数。故填has been shadwed。
4．考查代词。句意：然后王冠传给了都铎王朝的统治者，他们把理查德描绘成一个丑陋的坏人，在追求权力的过程中不惜一切代价，甚至谋杀了他的两个年轻的侄子，即所谓的塔中王子，以获得权力。“stp at nthing”是固定短语，意为“不惜一切代价；毫无顾忌”。故填nthing。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后王冠传给了都铎王朝的统治者，他们把理查德描绘成一个丑陋的坏人，在追求权力的过程中不惜一切代价，甚至谋杀了他的两个年轻的侄子，即所谓的塔中王子，以获得权力。分析可知，“___5___ (secure) the pwer”在句中作目的状语，用动词不定式表达。故填t secure。
6．考查定语从句。句意：搜寻他的尸体始于几年前，当时考古学家开始在据说埋葬国王的市政停车场下挖掘。分析可知，“___6___ the king was suppsedly buried”为之前名词短语“the municipal carpark(市政停车场)”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：可能是疼痛，导致他的右肩显得比左肩高，但没有莎士比亚《理查三世》中提到的畸形手臂的证据。分析可知，句子谓语为“was”，所填动词应是非谓语作之前名词短语“the defrmed arm(畸形的手臂)”的后置定语，动词“mentin(提及)”与其之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式。故填mentined。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：历史学家现在希望澄清一些关于理查德的神话，公开证据来反驳他杀害了两位年轻王子的说法。分析可知，句子谓语为“hpe”，所填动词应是非谓语在句中作状语，动词“publicize(宣传；公布)”与主语“Histrians(历史学家)”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填publicizing。
9．考查宾语从句。句意：他们打算把重点放在理查德在他短暂的两年统治中取得的成就上，包括建立一个法律援助系统。分析可知，“___9___ Richard achieved in his brief tw-year ruling”为之前动词短语“fcus n”的宾语从句，从句中动词“achieved(达到；取得)”缺少宾语，应用what引导。故填what。
10．考查让步状语从句。句意：根据理查德三世协会成员菲利帕·兰利的说法，无论理查德三世在过去看起来有多残忍，一个新的国王形象将会出现。分析可知，设空所在句“___10___ cruel Richard III appeared t be in the past(理查三世在过去残忍)”提及的“残忍形象”与后文“a new image will emerge f the king(国王的新形象将会出现)”构成转折关系，设空句为让步状语从句。结合空后的形容词“cruel”可知，应是“Hwever+形容词/副词+主语+谓语……”句式结构，其中“hwever”意为“无论多么”。故填hwever。
1．（2025届·上海松江云间中学·校考）
Stephen Hawking: A superher scientist
“We are just an advanced breed f mnkeys n a minr planet f a very average star. But we can understand the universe. That makes us smething very special.” That’s 1 the wrld-famus physicist Stephen Hawking nce described humans.
The British scientist was best knwn fr his grundbreaking wrk in physics. Hawking’s ideas helped us understand the way the universe 2 (wrk), and made him famus arund the wrld. In 1985, he said, “My gal is simple. It is cmplete understanding f the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all.”
Brn in Oxfrd n 8 January 1942, Hawking was the ldest f fur children. As a student, he 3 (draw) t the wrld f physics and maths because he believed they ffered the best insights int the universe.
Aged21, when he was studying at university, Hawking was diagnsed with ALS, a frm f mtr neurne disease. When his illness left him unable t write, Hawking trained himself 4 (visualize) cmplex prblems in his mind instead. Scientists wh wrked with Hawking suggested that this way f thinking 5 (help) him cme up with his mst brilliant theries.
He wrte a number f best-selling bks, including A Brief Histry f Time, in 6 Hawking explains the science f csmlgy (the study f hw the universe began and then evlved) including hw black hles wrk. These cmplicated tpics were explained in a way that made 7 easier fr everyne t understand them.
Hawking’s illness didn’t stp him 8 (try) new things. Fr his 65th birthday, Hawking experienced weightlessness n bard a specially mdified Being727jet. The plane drps frm a significant height and allws passengers t flat 9 they were in space. 10 (restrict) t a wheelchair fr mst f his life, Hawking said in flating he felt true freedm. “I was Superman fr thse few minutes,” he said.
【答案】
1．hw 2．wrks 3．was drawn 4．t visualize 5．helped 6．which 7．it 8．trying 9．as if 10．Being restricted
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了著名科学家霍金。
1．考查连接词。句意：这就是世界著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金曾经对人类的描述方式。本句为表语从句，从句缺少连接词，表示方式，用hw引导的该从句。故填hw。
2．考查时态。句意：霍金的思想帮助我们理解了宇宙的运作方式，并使他闻名世界。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，主语单数，谓语单数。故填wrks。
3．考查时态语态。句意：作为一名学生，他被物理和数学的世界所吸引，因为他相信它们提供了对宇宙最好的见解。根据“believed”可知，本句在陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，主语he与谓语draw为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was drawn。
4．考查不定式。句意：当他的疾病使他无法写作时，霍金训练自己在脑海中想象复杂的问题。train sb t d sth训练某人做某事，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填t visualize。
5．考查时态。句意：与霍金共事的科学家们认为，这种思维方式帮助霍金提出了他最杰出的理论。根据“suggested”可知，从句在此陈述过去发生的动作，为一般过去时。故填helped。
6．考查。句意：他写了许多畅销书，其中包括《时间简史》，霍金在书中解释了宇宙学（研究宇宙如何开始和演化），包括黑洞是如何工作的。先行词为A Brief Histry f Time，在定语从句中作in的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。
7．考查代词。句意：这些复杂的话题都用一种让每个人都更容易理解的方式来解释。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式。故填it。
8．考查动名词。句意：霍金的病并没有阻止他尝试新事物。stp sb (frm) ding sth阻止某人做某事。故填trying。
9．考查连词。句意：飞机从一个相当高的高度下降，让乘客漂浮，就像他们在太空中一样。根据句意可知，本句为as if“好像”引导的方式状语从句。故填as if。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：霍金一生中大部分时间都坐在轮椅上，他说在漂浮中他感到了真正的自由。空处为非谓语动词，Hawking与restrict为被动关系，且表示动作一直在进行，应用现在分词的被动形式。首字母大写。故填Being restricted。
2．（2025届·上海向明中学·校考）
Suth Krean authr Han Kang wins the Nbel prize in literature
The 2024 Nbel Prize in literature has been awarded t Han Kang, a Suth Krean authr, fr her “intense petic prse that cnfrnts histrical traumas and expses the fragility f human life.” Han is the first Suth Krean authr 1 (win) the literature prize, and just the 18th wman ut f the 117 prizes awarded since 1901.
Han, 53, began her career with a grup f pems in a Suth Krean magazine, 2 making her prse debut in 1995 with a shrt stry cllectin. She later began writing lnger prse wrks, 3 (ntably) The Vegetarian, ne f her first bks t be translated int English. The nvel, which wn the Man Bker Internatinal Prize in 2016, 4 (chart) a yung wman’s attempt t live a mre “plant-like” existence after suffering hrrible nightmares abut human cruelty.
5 many f Han’s prtagnists are wmen, her prse wrks are ften narrated frm the perspective f men. “Befre my wife turned vegetarian, I’d always thught f her as cmpletely unremarkable in every way, her nvel The Vegetarian begins. “Hwever, if there wasn’t any special attractin, 6 did any particular drawbacks present themselves, therefre there was n reasn fr the tw f us nt t get married.”
Originally written and published in Krean, “The Vegetarian” was translated by Debrah Smith, 7 was 28 at the time. Smith, by her wn admissin, was “mnlingual until she was 21 years ld,” and nly chse t pursue Krean 8 a lack f English-Krean translatrs.
Han’s nvels rcketed up Suth Krea’s bestseller lists 9 (fllw) the annuncement. As f Friday mrning, her bks ccupied all f the tp 10 spts in ppular nline retailer Yes 24’s chart fr Krean titles. The bkseller tld CNN ver the phne that three f them — Human Acts, The Vegetarian and I D Nt Bid Farewell — 10 (reach) cmbined sales f 70,000 units during the 14 hurs immediately after the news was annunced.
Elsewhere, several high-prfile figures paid tribute t the nvelist via scial media, including musicians RM and V, members f the K-pp grup BTS. “I read Human Acts in the army,” the latter wrte n Instagram Stries. “Cngratulatins!”
【答案】
1．t win 2．befre 3．mst ntably 4．charts 5．Althugh/Thugh/While 6．nr 7．wh 8．due t 9．fllwing 10．had reached
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是韩国作家Han Kang荣获2024年诺贝尔文学奖的消息及其相关背景。
1．考查不定式。句意：Han是首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的韩国作家，也是自1901年以来颁发的117个诺贝尔文学奖中第18位女性。authr前有序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填t win。
2．考查连词。句意：现年53岁的Han是在一家韩国杂志上发表了一组诗歌后开启了自己的职业生涯，随后于1995年凭借一部短篇小说集首次涉足散文领域。她是在1995年凭借一部短篇小说集首次涉足散文领域之前开始写作生涯的，空格处意为“在……之前”，用befre，故填befre。
3．考查副词最高级。句意：后来，她开始写长篇散文作品，最著名的是《素食者》，这是她最早被翻译成英文的作品之一。The Vegetarian是她最著名的作品，因此空格处用最高级mst ntably。故填mst ntably。
4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这部小说于2016年获得布克国际文学奖，讲述了一位年轻女子在经历了关于人类残酷的可怕噩梦后，试图过一种更“像植物一样”的生活。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The nvel是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填charts。
5．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然她的许多散文主人公都是女性，但她的散文作品往往是从男性的角度来叙述的。根据语境可知，句子表示“虽然她的许多散文主人公都是女性，但她的散文作品往往是从男性的角度来叙述的”，空格处意为“虽然”，是althugh/thugh/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
6．考查副词。句意：然而，如果没有什么特别的吸引力，也没有什么特别的缺点，那么我们两个人就没有理由不结婚。由空前“there wasn’t”和空后“did any particular drawbacks present themselves”是部分倒装可知，空格处用否定副词nr，表示“也不”，句子表示“如果没有什么特别的吸引力，也没有什么特别的缺点，那么我们两个人就没有理由不结婚”。故填nr。
7．考查定语从句。句意：《素食者》最初是用韩语撰写和出版的，由当时28岁的Debrah Smith翻译。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Debrah Smith是人，因此空格处用关系代词wh，故填wh。
8．考查固定短语。句意：史密斯自己承认，“直到21岁，她一直都只会说一种语言”，而她之所以选择学习韩语，仅仅是因为缺乏英韩翻译人员。根据语境可知，句子表示“她之所以选择学习韩语，仅仅是因为缺乏英韩翻译人员”，空格处意为“因为，由于”，是due t。故填due t。
9．考查介词。句意：消息公布后，Han的小说迅速登上了韩国畅销书排行榜。根据句意及空后“the annuncement”可知，空处应填fllwing，作介词用，表示“在……以后，作为……的继续或结果”。故填fllwing。
10．考查时态。句意：书商在电话中告诉CNN，这三本书——《人类行为》，《素食者》和《我不告别》——在新闻宣布后的14小时内，累计销售量达到了70,000册。由“during the 14 hurs immediately after the news was annunced”中为一般过去时可知，空处句子时态用过去完成时，表示在过去的过去完成的动作，故填had reached。
3．（2025届·上海风华中学·阶段测）
AI Weather Frecasting Can’t Replace Humans — Yet
As Hurricane Lee was curving (呈曲线) nrthward t the west f Bermuda in mid-September f last year, frecasters were busily cnsulting weather mdels and data frm hurricane — hunter aircraft t calculate 1 the dangerus strm was likely t make landfall (着陆): New England r farther east, in Canada. The sner the meterlgists (气象学家) culd d s, the earlier they culd warn thse in the path f damaging wind gusts and fierce strm surges. By six days ahead f landfall, it was clear that Lee 2 (fllw) the eastward path, and warnings were issued, accrdingly. But ather tl — an experimental AI mdel called GraphCast — 3 (call) that utcme accurately three whle days befre the frecasters’ traditinal mdels.
GraphCast’s predictin is a windw int AI’s ptential 4 (imprve) weather frecasts. But whether it is a frecaster f a true sea change in the field r will simply becme ne f many tls 5 human frecasters cnsult t determine which way the winds will blw is still up in the air.
GraphCast, develped by Ggle DeepMind, is the latest f several AI weather mdels 6 (release) in recent years. Ggle’s Metnet, first intrduced in 2020, is already being used in prducts such as the cmpany’s “nwcast” in its weather app. All are advertised as having an accuracy that is cmparable with r higher than 7 n the best nn-AI frecasting cmputer mdels and have caused a sensatin in meterlgy, with GraphCast 8 (cause) the mst significant stir s far.
The DeepMind research team had put GraphCast thrugh its paces by feeding it histrical weather data t see if it culd accurately “predict” what happened. The study shwed the AI perfrmed equal t r even better than the gld standard.
9 GraphCast becmes prbabilistic-- and even if the mdel’s reslutin imprves and the AI becmes mre accurate in its frecasts f rain and strm intensity - mdeling remains just a single cmpnent f the weather- predictin pipeline, says Hendrik Tlman, senir adviser fr advanced mdeling systems at the NWS. Hwever, every expert described GraphCast and ther Al mdels as additinal devices in their tl kit. If AI 10 prduce accurate frecasts quickly and cheaply, there’s n reasn nt t begin using it tgether with existing methds.
But will there be a wrld where AI mdels replace physics- based mdels— and peple -- in the future? Frecasts suggest there’s little chance.
【答案】
1．where 2．wuld fllw 3．had called 4．t imprve 5．that/which 6．released 7．that 8．causing 9．Yet 10．can
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的人工智能天气预报系统GraphCast，但是人工智能天气预报还不能取代人类。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：去年9月中旬，当飓风“李”在西百慕大群岛附近向北偏转时，预报员正忙着参考气象模型以及飓风猎人飞机收集的数据，以计算这场危险的风暴可能登陆的地点：是新英格兰，还是更东边的加拿大。动词后是宾语从句，根据“New England r farther east, in Canada”，可知，计算飓风“李”在哪里登陆，用连接副词where引导宾语从句。故填where。
2．考查动词时态。句意：在飓风登陆前六天，已经很清楚“李”飓风将沿东向路径行进，因此发布了相应警告。根据“frecasters were busily cnsulting weather mdels and data frm hurricane- hunter aircraft t calculate”可知，预测飓风“李”将会行进的路线，描述过去将要发生的事情用过去将来时‌。故填wuld fllw。
3．考查动词时态。句意：但另一种工具——一个名为GraphCast的实验性人工智能模型——在预报员的传统模型之前整整三天就准确预测出了这一结果。根据“three whle days befre”可知，描述过去之前发生的事情用过去完成时。故填had called。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：GraphCast的预测让我们看到了人工智能在提高天气预报准确性方面的潜力。名词ptential后用动词不定式作定语，故填t imprve。故填t imprve。
5．考查定语从句。句意：但是，它究竟是该领域真正的海洋变化预测器，还是仅仅成为人类预报员用来确定风向的众多工具之一，目前还不得而知。空处引导定语从句，先行词是tls，that或which引导定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由谷歌DeepMind开发的GraphCast是近年来发布的几个人工智能天气模型中的最新一个。release和谓语is之间没有连词，是非谓语动词，GraphCast和release是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填released。
7．考查代词。句意：所有这些都被宣传为具有与最好的非人工智能预测计算机模型相当或更高的准确性，并在气象学领域引起了轰动，其中GraphCast引起了迄今为止最重大的轰动。that指代前面的AI weather mdel。故填that。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些都被宣传为具有与最好的非人工智能预测计算机模型相当或更高的准确性，并在气象学领域引起了轰动，其中GraphCast引起了迄今为止最重大的轰动。with的复合结构，宾语GraphCast 和宾补cause是主动关系，用现在分词。故填causing。
9．考查连词。句意：然而，美国国家气象局高级建模系统高级顾问亨德里克·托尔曼(Hendrik Tlman)说，GraphCast变得很有概率性——即使模型的分辨率提高了，人工智能在预测降雨和风暴强度方面变得更加准确——建模仍然只是天气预测管道的一个组成部分。根据上文“The study shwed the AI perfrmed equal t r even better than the gld standard．（研究表明，人工智能的表现与黄金标准相当，甚至更好。）”可知，前面表示赞同，而后者表示否定，前后是转折关系，用连词yet，位于句首首字母大写。故填Yet。
10．考查情态动词。句意：如果人工智能能够快速而廉价地做出准确的预测，那么就没有理由不开始将其与现有方法结合使用。根据空后动词原形可知，前面填情态动词can。故填can。

1．（2025届·上海静安区·一模）
Japan’s rbt revlutin in senir care
Japan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transfrming the elder care industry, with 1 (specialize) rbtic care accmplishing mre than just taking pressure ff the critical shrtage f caregivers. Senir care facilities acrss Japan are testing ut such new rbts 2 deliver a cllectin f scial and physical health care and the gvernment-backed initiative has been met with psitive reviews by elderly residents.
The rapidly graying ppulatin 3 (eye) by the gvernment as a ptential market fr medical technlgy nw. Disappinting gvernment predictins shw that by 2025, Japan's first baby bmers will have turned 75 and abut 7 millin peple are likely t suffer frm sme frm f dementia (痴呆). The natin wn't be able t avid a dementia crisis 4 an additinal 380,000 senir care wrkers.
The lng-standing shrtage f prfessinal care wrkers has encuraged the Japanese gvernment 5 (simplify) prcedures fr freign caregivers t be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Prgram between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indnesia, under 6 Ecnmic Partnership Agreement, was extended t include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and cnstructin sectrs.
7 the gvernment made effrts t increase the numbers f senir care wrkers, the target number f freign graduates has still fallen flat, with the natinal caregiver examinatin prving a majr bstacle t pass. The success rate fr freign students was a merely 106 students last year, 8 has slightly imprved t 216 students this year. Anther depressing reality is that 19 t 38 percent f freign nurses wh pass the exam pt t leave the industry and return hme, 9 (cite) tugh wrk cnditins and lng hurs. Given the challenges, this is 10 the gvernment believes care rbts will be able t step in.
【答案】
1．specialized 2．as 3．is being eyed 4．withut 5．t simplify 6．an 7．While/Althugh/Thugh 8．which 9．citing 10．why/where/hw
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本老年护理领域的机器人革命。
1．考查形容词。句意：日本的人工智能技术正在改变老年人护理行业，专门的机器人护理不仅仅是减轻了护理人员严重短缺的压力。空处作定语，修饰名词短语rbtic care用形容词specialized“专业的”。故填specialized。
2．考查定语从句。句意：日本各地的老年护理机构正在测试这种新型机器人，以提供一系列社会和身体健康护理，这项由政府支持的举措得到了老年居民的积极评价。先行词rbts有such修饰，用as引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填as。
3．考查动词时态语态。句意：中国迅速老龄化的人口正被政府视为医疗技术的潜在市场。空处作谓语，此处表示最近一段时间正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，由by和句意可知，需用被动语态，主语为The rapidly graying ppulatin，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is being eyed。
4．考查介词。句意：如果没有额外的38万名老年护理人员，这个国家将无法避免痴呆症危机。此处表示“没有”，空后是名词短语，需用介词withut。故填withut。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：长期以来，专业护理人员的短缺促使日本政府简化外国护理人员的培训和认证程序。encurage sb． t d sth．为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填t simplify。
6．考查冠词。句意：目前，越南、菲律宾和印度尼西亚之间根据经济伙伴关系协定开展的技术实习生培训计划已扩大到包括护理、农业、渔业和建筑部门。Agreement为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且Ecnmic发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
7．考查状语从句。句意：尽管政府努力增加老年护理员的数量，但外国毕业生的目标数量仍然没有达到，国家护理员考试被证明是通过的主要障碍。上文提到“政府努力增加老年护理员的数量”，下文提到“外国毕业生的目标数量仍然没有达到，国家护理员考试被证明是通过的主要障碍”，上下文之间为转折关系，需用while/althugh/thugh引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填While/Althugh/Thugh。
8．考查定语从句。句意：去年，外国学生的成功率仅为106人，今年为216人，略有提高。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The success rate fr freign students，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个令人沮丧的现实是，通过考试的外国护士中，有19%至38%的人选择离开这个行业回国，理由是工作条件艰苦，工作时间长。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，nurses和cite为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填citing。
10．考查表语从句。句意：考虑到这些挑战，这就是政府相信护理机器人能够介入的原因/地方（或者如何介入的）。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因/地点或者方式状语，需用连接副词why/where/hw引导。故填why/where/hw。
2．（2025届·上海宝山区·校考）
The ancient wisdm f Sun Tzu’s “The Art f War” cntinues t strike a chrd, transcending (超越) time and brders, and has nw inspired the yuth f Kenya.
Kenyatta University, Kenya’s secnd ldest university, recently set up a Study Huse f Sun Tzu, 1 his influential bks are n display and available fr reading by lcal students, pening a windw 2 them t delve int Chinese culture, philsphy, and the strategic wisdm that has withstd 3 test f time.
Eddy Paul Kirimi, a 20-year-ld student at the university, said that Sun Tzu’s wrks have prfundly influenced his understanding f life and wrk, emphasizing the 4 (virtue) f determinatin and strategic thinking. His understanding deepened later with a six-mnth language curse in Shandng, China, where he nt nly experienced Chinese traditins but als recgnized the 5 (grw) imprtance f crss-cultural cmpetence as Chinese businesses expand in Kenya.
Phyllis Wahura Maina, anther student at the university, 6 (embrace) Sun Tzu’s philsphy since she started reading the bk, allwing it 7 (shape) her apprach t life’s challenges. “His wisdm is a beacn, guiding us t think practively and 8 (strategic),” she said, expressing her desire fr a future f Sin-Kenyan cperatin 9 prmises mutual grwth and understanding.
As the yuth f Kenya engage with Sun Tzu’s 10 (time) lessns, they carry frward a legacy that knws n bundaries, a legacy that empwers them t face the future with the wisdm f the past.
【答案】
1．where 2．fr 3．the 4．virtues 5．grwing 6．has embraced 7．t shape 8．strategically 9．that/which 10．timeless
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了肯尼亚青年通过学习和研究《孙子兵法》，继承了跨越国界的智慧遗产，用过去的智慧来面对未来。
1．考查定语从句。句意：肯雅塔大学是肯尼亚历史第二悠久的大学，最近成立了一个Study Huse f Sun Tzu，在那里展出他有影响力的书籍，供当地学生阅读，为他们深入研究中国文化、哲学和经受住时间考验的战略智慧打开了一扇窗。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词Study Huse f Sun Tzu是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。
2．考查介词。句意：肯雅塔大学是肯尼亚历史第二悠久的大学，最近成立了一个Study Huse f Sun Tzu，在那里展出他有影响力的书籍，供当地学生阅读，为他们深入研究中国文化、哲学和经受住时间考验的战略智慧打开了一扇窗。根据语境可知，空格处用介词fr表示“为了”。故填fr。
3．考查定冠词。句意：肯雅塔大学是肯尼亚历史第二悠久的大学，最近成立了一个Study Huse f Sun Tzu，在那里展出他有影响力的书籍，供当地学生阅读，为他们深入研究中国文化、哲学和经受住时间考验的战略智慧打开了一扇窗。空格处用定冠词the特指时间的考验，故填the。
4．考查名词的复数。句意：20岁的Eddy Paul Kirimi是该校的一名学生，他说孙子的著作深刻地影响了他对生活和工作的理解，强调了决心和战略思维的美德。virtue是可数名词，不止一种，因此空格处用复数，故填virtues。
5．考查形容词。句意：后来，他在中国山东参加了为期六个月的语言课程，加深了对中国的理解。在那里，他不仅体验了中国的传统，而且认识到随着中国企业在肯尼亚的扩张，跨文化能力越来越重要。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词imprtance，grw的形容词是grwing，意为“增长的”。故填grwing。
6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该校的另一名学生Phyllis Wahura Maina自从开始阅读《孙子兵法》以来，就接受了这本书，并让它影响了她应对生活挑战的方法。由since可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Phyllis Wahura Maina是单数，因此空格处用has embraced。故填has embraced。
7．考查不定式。句意：该校的另一名学生Phyllis Wahura Maina自从开始阅读《孙子兵法》以来，就接受了这本书，并让它影响了她应对生活挑战的方法。allw sb． t d sth．是固定短语，意为“让某人做某事”，因此空格处用不定式t shape。故填t shape。
8．考查副词。句意：她说：“他的智慧是一盏明灯，引导我们进行积极和战略性的思考。”她希望中肯合作的未来能够相互发展和理解。空格处用副词修饰动词think，strategic的副词是strategically，意为“战略性地”，故填strategically。
9．考查定语从句。句意：她说：“他的智慧是一盏明灯，引导我们进行积极和战略性的思考。”她希望中肯合作的未来能够相互发展和理解。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词cperatin是合作，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
10．考查形容词。句意：当肯尼亚的年轻人学习孙子的永恒课程时，他们继承了一种无国界的遗产，一种使他们能够用过去的智慧面对未来的遗产。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词lessns，句子表示“当肯尼亚的年轻人学习孙子的永恒课程时”，空格处意为“永恒的”，形容词是timeless。故填timeless。
3．（2025届·上海长宁区·一模）
The benefits f cntainer gardening
D yu lve gardening, but yu dn’t have a yard? If that’s the case, 1 (take) cntainer gardening int cnsideratin. This methd invlves 2 (grw) plants in pts and cntainers rather than in the grund. Cntainer gardening is a great way t grw flwers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and mre. There are many advantages t this gardening methd.
T begin with, yu dn’t need much space. A rf r any ther utdr area that receives direct sunlight will wrk. In fact, a sunny, indr kitchen windwsill(窗沿) is perfect fr a few small plants, 3 gives yu easy access t herbs and vegetables as yu prepare meals. The key is t chse a spt that receives a gd deal f sunlight.
Unless they’re t big r heavy, cntainers are prtable. This allws yu t mve yur plants inside if necessary. Or yu can mve yur plants int the shade 4 extremely ht days. Cntainers allw yu t place yur plants 5 they’ll grw best.
With cntainers, yu’re almst certain 6 (fill) them with prductive sil. Using a gd bag f ptting sil that cntains the necessary nutrients fr yur plants is best. Here’s an imprtant tip: Once 7 (stuff), large cntainers can get heavy. Therefre, it’s best t put them at a prper place befre filling them.
One f the greatest benefits f cntainer gardening is that little r n weeding 8 (require). Fr plants in the grund, weeding is smetimes a daily r weekly requirement.
Peple als lve the fact that almst 9 can be used as a cntainer. Yu dn’t need expensive pts fr cntainers. Wden bxes, cans, tea kettles, ld shes and mre will wrk. There’s n end t the number f items that can be used. Just be sure t drill hles in the bttm f yur cntainers fr prper water discharge.
10 shws ff yur green fingers and yur creativity is a cntainer garden.
【答案】
1．take 2．grwing 3．which 4．n/fr/during/amid 5．wherever/where 6．t fill 7．stuffed 8．is required 9．anything/everything 10．Whatever/What
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了容器园艺的好处。
1．考查祈使句。句意：如果是这种情况，请考虑进行容器园艺。前文If引导条件从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。故填take。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法是把植物种在花盆和容器里，而不是在地里。invlve后接动名词作宾语。故填grwing。
3．考查定语从句关系词。句意：事实上，一个阳光充足的室内厨房窗台非常适合种植一些小植物，它可以让你在准备食物时轻松获取草药和蔬菜。空格后面的句子“gives yu easy access t herbs and vegetables as yu prepare meals”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整个句子，因此使用关系代词which。故填which。
4．考查介词。句意：或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “n + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用fr“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填n/fr/during/amid。
5．考查状语从句。句意：容器可以让你把植物放在它们生长最佳的地方。空处引导地点状语从句，用连词wherever/where。故填wherever/where。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：有了容器，你几乎肯定会用肥沃的土壤填满它们。be certain t d smething是固定用法，表示有把握做某事。故填t fill。
7．考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦装满，大容器就会变得很重。本句为Once引导状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once large cntainers are stuffed，省略了主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故填stuffed。
8．考查时态和语态。句意：一个最大的好处是，几乎不需要除草。空格处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且little r n weeding与require为被动关系。故填is required。
9．考查代词。句意：人们也喜欢几乎所有东西/任何东西都可以用作容器这一事实。根据句意可知，不定代词anything或者everything做主语。故填anything/everything。
10．考查主语从句。句意：能展示你的园艺技能和创造力的是一个容器花园。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用连接词whatever/what。符合句意。故填Whatever/What。
4．（2025届·上海进才中学·校考）
ChatGPT, Man’s Meat r Pisn?
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-driven chatbt prgramme that respnds t user prmpts (提示), has dminated scial netwrks in recent weeks. Its appeal is 1 that within days f its launch, OpenAI annunced that 1 millin peple had lgged n.
There’s nthing nvel in sftware 2 prduces fluent and lgical writing. ChatGPT’s predecessr culd d that t. Bth were trained n an unimaginably large amunt f data t answer questins in a believable way. But ChatGPT has been adjusted by 3 (feed) the data n human “cnversatins”, which significantly increased the truthfulness and infrmativeness f its answers.
Even s, ChatGPT still prduces answers that seem reasnable but are incrrect r nnsensical. Even the bt itself says, “My respnses 4 (nt intend) t be taken as facts.” This might be a big prblem n the Internet, as many web platfrms lack the capability t prtect themselves 5 a fld f AI-generated cntent. Such websites as Stack Overflw, 6 users can find answers t prgramming-related questins, had t ban ChatGPT-prduced psts, as its human mderatrs (管理员) culd nt deal with the vlume f believable but wrng replies. It is risky t give ut tls 7 (use) t mass prduce fake news and messages.
Letting lse ChatGPT raises the questin f 8 cntent prduced by it can be truly trusted. A human authr is respnsible fr their wrk in a way AI is nt. Artificial intelligence is nt artificial cnsciusness: ChatGPT des nt knw what it is ding, it is unable t say hw r why it prduced a respnse; it has n grasp f human experience, and cannt tell if it is making sense. 9 OpenAI has safeguards t refuse inapprpriate requests, such as t tell users hw t cmmit crimes, these can be neglected. As is suggested, AI’s ptential fr harm 10 nt be underestimated. In the wrng hands, it culd be a weapn f mass destructin.
【答案】
1．such 2．that 3．being fed 4．are nt intended 5．against/frm 6．where 7．used 8．whether 9．While/Althugh/Thugh 10．shuld
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近几周，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人程序ChatGPT在社交网络上占据了主导地位，但是ChatGPT对人类来说是好是坏还尚未可知。文章对此进行了介绍。
1．考查限定词。句意：它的吸引力是如此之大，以至于OpenAI在发布几天内就宣布有100万人登录了它。根据“that within days f its launch, OpenAI annunced that 1 millin peple had lgged n”可知，此处是指它的吸引力是如此之大，且主语appeal是名词，所以应用限定词such。故填such。
2．考查定语从句。句意：软件中可以产生流畅有逻辑的写作已经不新奇了。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为nthing，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
3．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：但ChatGPT通过输入人类“对话”的数据进行了调整，这大大提高了其答案的真实性和信息量。动词feed意为“提供”，在介词by后应用动名词形式作宾语，和主语ChatGPT构成被动关系。故填being fed。
4．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：就连机器人自己也说：“我的回答不是为了被当作事实。”根据“Even the bt itself says”可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词intend意为“准备”，和主语构成被动关系。故填are nt intended。
5．考查介词。句意：这可能是互联网上的一个大问题，因为许多网络平台缺乏保护自己免受人工智能生成内容泛滥的能力。prtect．．．againt/frm意为“保护……免受……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词against或frm。故填against/frm。
6．考查定语从句。句意：像Stack Overflw这样的网站，在这里用户可以找到与编程相关的问题的答案，不得不禁止ChatGPT产生的帖子，因为它的人工版主无法处理大量可信但错误的回复。在非限制性定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为Stack Overflw，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
7．考查过去分词。句意：发放用于大规模生产假新闻和假消息的工具是有风险的。动词use意为“使用”，和系动词之间没有连词，和逻辑主语tls构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填used。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：放开ChatGPT引发了一个问题，即由它生成的内容是否可以真正信任。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据“raises the questin f”可知，此处是指由它生成的内容是否可以真正信任，所以应用从属连词whether表示“是否”。故填whether。
9．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然OpenAI有拒绝不适当请求的保障措施，比如告诉用户如何犯罪，但这些都可以被忽略。“OpenAI has safeguards t refuse inapprpriate requests”和“these can be neglected”构成转折关系，所以应用连词while/althugh/thugh表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句。句首首字母应大写。故填While/Althugh/Thugh。
10．考查虚拟语气。句意：正如所建议的那样，人工智能的潜在危害不应被低估。根据“As is suggested”可知，此处应用（shuld）d虚拟语气。故填shuld。
5．（2025届·上海金山区·校考）
Frybread
In ne versin f his 1996 sng “Frybread”, rck artist Keith Secla sang: “Yu can’t d much with sugar, flur, lard and salt. But yu can add ne fundamental ingredient: lve.” Since its creatin in the 1800s, the subject f Secla’s sng, frybread, 1 (becme) a culturally significant cmfrt fd within lcal cmmunities acrss Canada and America.
The taste, clur and size f these fried dugh (生面团) discs differ acrss the cntinent, with each family and cmmunity adding their wn tuch. One nline cmment says, “Yur mm’s r yur aunt’s frybread 2 never be made by anyne else in the wrld.” 3 the variety, mst versins have a few things in cmmn. The basic ingredients are flur, baking pwder r sda, and salt, 4 are mixed tgether int a dugh ball using water, milk r buttermilk. After letting it rise, the ball 5 (divide) int pieces, rlled int discs and then fried until bubbly, glden and crispy.
Even thugh widely lved, there is n denying that the treat is heavily laded with calries — ne piece f 500 calries and 20 grams f fat. Besides, it is als a painful symbl f survival. One rigin stry says the bread was first made by the Diné. In 1864, the Diné were frced t leave their traditinal hmeland in eastern Arizna and western New Mexic and walk the nearly 500-kilmetre jurney, 6 (knw) as the Lng Walk. Hundreds f them died f starvatin alng the way. 7 amng the cheap ingredients, was given t them by the U.S. gvernment as daily ratins was wheat flur previusly unknwn t them. As the legend ges, the Diné fried the ften spiled flur t kill ff parasites (寄生虫).
Tday, a fd-valuing mvement, 8 (aim) t bring back traditinal diets, is bming. Hwever, the diets dn’t include frybread. “There is n ral traditin 9 (teach) abut frybread,” wrte Devn A．Mihesuah, a histrian as well as a prfessr at the University f Kansas.
10 the future hlds fr frybread, it will always stand as prf t the adaptability f thse native cmmunities. As an enduring fd, frybread has demnstrated its lasting significance.
【答案】
1．has becme 2．can 3．Despite 4．which 5．is divided 6．knwn 7．What 8．aiming 9．t be taught 10．N matter what
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了油炸面包在美国和加拿大的文化意义，它不仅是社区的安慰食物，还承载了纳瓦霍族人在艰难历史中的生存故事，尽管其营养价值不高，但作为一种文化象征，它展示了土著社区的适应能力。
1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自19世纪诞生以来，Secla这首歌的主题“油炸面包”已经成为加拿大和美国当地社区具有重要文化意义的安慰食物。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“Since its creatin in the 1800s”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，且主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has becme。
2．考查情态动词。句意：一条网上评论说：“你妈妈或你阿姨做的油炸面包永远不可能是世界上其他人做的。”空处和be made构成谓语，应用情态动词，结合“never be made by anyne else in the wrld”可知，此处指“不可能是世界上其他人做的”，应用表示可能性的情态动词can。故填can。
3．考查介词。句意：尽管种类繁多，但大多数版本都有一些共同点。空后为名词the variety，结合“mst versins have a few things in cmmn”可知，此处含让步关系，空处应用意为“尽管”的介词despite，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Despite。
4．考查定语从句。句意：最基本的配料是面粉、发酵粉或苏打粉和盐，用水、牛奶或酪乳混合成一个面团球。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面提到的各种配料作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
5．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：发面后，球被分成几块，卷成圆片，然后炸至起泡、金黄、酥脆。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常的做法，时态应用一般现在时，divide“（使）分开”和主语the ball之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is divided。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在1864年，纳瓦霍族人被迫离开他们传统的家乡亚利桑那州东部和新墨西哥州西部，走了近500公里的旅程，被称为“漫长的步行”。句子主干成分完整，空处作jurney的非限制性后置定语，knw“把……看作是，将……称为”和jurney逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用knw的过去分词形式。故填knwn。
7．考查主语从句。句意：在美国政府提供给他们的廉价食材中，有一种是他们以前不知道的小麦粉。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“wheat flur”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，一场旨在恢复传统饮食的重视食物的运动正在蓬勃发展。句子主干成分完整，空处作mvement的非限制性后置定语，aim“旨在”和mvement逻辑上是主动关系，且动作在进行中，因此用aim的现在分词形式。故填aiming。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“没有关于油炸面包的口述传统可以传授，”历史学家、堪萨斯大学教授Devn A． Mihesuah写道。空处作traditin的后置定语，teach“教授”和traditin逻辑上是被动关系，且动作未发生，因此用teach的不定式被动语态。故填t be taught。
10．考查让步状语从句。句意：不管油炸面包的未来如何，它将永远是这些土著社区适应能力的证明。逗号的前后句之间是让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句，hlds缺少宾语，宾语指物，不含选择范围，因此n matter what来引导，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填N matter what。
6．（2025届·上海松江区·一模）
Kung Fu — Always a Draw
Andrew Knde, a secnd-year student at Kenya’s Strathmre University, was inspired t start learning kung fu, r martial arts, as a child after watching mvies. But 1 began as an after-schl activity has becme a lifestyle fr the student, wh is nw the chairman f the university’s Titan Martial Arts club.
As a child, Knde was fascinated by the skills f martial arts heres like Jackie Chan. He 2 (accept) by Strathmre University in 2022 and his interest in kung fu received a bst upn jining the martial arts club. Thrugh hard wrk, he rse t becme the club’s chairman and has had the hnr f leading his team t wins at several martial arts champinships, including the 2022 All-Africa University Games, 3 they emerged as the secnd-best verall team.
“Kung fu prmtes better health, 4 (imprve) flexibility, and higher self-respect. These are essential qualities fr a happier, lnger life. That’s why I lve it,” Knde said.
Knde has als earned silver and brnze(铜) medals in lcal kung fu cmpetitins since he began practicing 5 . He sees 2023 as the highlight f his kung fu jurney, after 6 (declare) t be ne f Kenya’s tp cmpetitrs in the featherweight categry.
Kung fu 7 (riginate) in China and is a key part f its traditinal culture. It has nw grwn in ppularity in Kenya, particularly 8 schl-age children. They find it interesting 9 it keeps them in shape, and teaches them self-defense and self-cntrl.
Kevin Obny, an ecnmics lecturer and kung fu instructr at Strathmre University, said the grwing enthusiasm fr kung fu acrss Africa 10 be wed t the strengthening f China-Africa relatins slidified thrugh prjects like the Belt and Rad Initiative.
【答案】
1．what 2．was accepted 3．where 4．imprved 5．it 6．being declared 7．riginated/riginates 8．amng/with 9．because/as/since 10．culd/might/shuld
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国功夫在非洲日益受到欢迎。
1．考查主语从句。句意：但这项始于课后的活动已经成为了这位学生的一种生活方式，他现在是该大学泰坦武术俱乐部的主席。 1 began as an after-schl activity在句中作主语，且这里指的是功夫，所以应用what引导主语从句，意为“什么，……的事物”。故填what。
2．考查时态和语态。句意：2022年，他被斯特拉斯莫尔大学录取，加入武术俱乐部后，他对功夫的兴趣得到了提升。根据时间状语“in 2022”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语He和accept之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式。故填was accepted。
3．考查定语从句。句意：通过努力，他升任俱乐部主席，并有幸带领他的团队在几次武术锦标赛中获胜，包括2022年全非洲大学生运动会，在那里他们成为第二好的整体团队。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the 2022 All-Africa University Games，且在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故填where。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：功夫有助于促进健康、提高灵活性和增强自尊。空处修饰flexibility，且二者之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作前置定语。故填imprved。
5．考查代词。句意：自从Knde开始练习功夫以来，他还在当地的功夫比赛中获得了银牌和铜牌。空处指代kung fu，作宾语，应用it。故填it。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在他被宣布为肯尼亚轻量级比赛的顶级选手之一后，他将2023年视为自己功夫之旅的高光部分。介词after后跟动名词形式。逻辑主语He和declare之间是动宾关系，应用动名词的被动式。故填being declared。
7．考查时态。句意：功夫起源于中国，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。这里既可表示客观事实，也可表示已发生的事情，所以可用一般现在时或一般过去时。用一般现在时的时候，主语为kung fu，谓语用单数形式。故填riginated/riginates。
8．考查介词。句意：现在它在肯尼亚越来越受欢迎，特别是在学龄儿童中。grw in ppularity amng/with．．．意为“在……中间越来越受欢迎”，为固定搭配。故填amng/with。
9．考查状语从句。句意：他们觉得这很有趣，因为它能让他们保持身材，并教会他们自卫和自我控制。空处引导状语从句，“it keeps them in shape, and teaches them self-defense and self-cntrl”在句中表示原因，应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
10．考查情态动词。句意：斯特拉斯莫尔大学经济学讲师兼功夫讲师Kevin Obny表示，非洲各地对功夫的热情日益高涨，这可以/可能/应该归功于通过“一带一路”倡议等项目巩固的中非关系的加强。空后是be wed t...，所以空处应用情态动词。根据语境可知，中国功夫在非洲受欢迎这一现象可以/可能/应该归功于中非关系的加强，应用culd(可以)/might(可能)/shuld(应该)。故填culd/might/shuld。
7．（2025·上海普陀·一模）
Why Has the Great Wall Preserved S Well?
The Great Wall, a symbl f ancient civilizatin, stretches acrss nrthern China. Despite its grandeur, 1 remains tday is nly a part f its frmer self, due t the wear and damage caused by time and nature.
Hwever, a recent discvery reveals that nature 2 might be playing a crucial rle in preserving this histrical wnder. Thin layers f bacteria and ther rganisms, knwn as bicrusts, have been cnsidered 3 (prtect) sectins f the Great Wall, sheltering it frm wind and rain, and ther destructive elements.
A study published in Science Advances highlights the significant rle these “living skins” play in cnserving this ancient architectural marvel. 4 advances in technlgy and research, scientists are nw explring the ptential f cultivating new bicrusts t prevent further degradatin f the Wall.
Nichle Barger, an eclgist, praises the study as “innvative and creative”, nting that the prtective effects f bicrusts 5 (gain) increasing recgnitin in recent years. It is acknwledged that dryland ecsystems 6 (stabilize) and sil ersin (侵蚀) is prevented by these bilgical layers.
7 the mre famus sectins f the Great Wall are cnstructed frm stnes r bricks, ther parts were built using packed sil. Yet, the same packed sils can als hst bicrusts, 8 cver abut 12% f the Earth’s land surface, particularly in dry regins like nrthern China. These bicrusts vary in frm, 9 (range) frm thin bacterial netwrks t thicker layers f lichen (青苔) .
Sil scientist B Xia frm the China Agricultural University, alng with his clleagues, cnducted a study t investigate the rle f bicrusts in preserving the Great Wall. Their research revealed that bicrusts, primarily 10 (cmpse) f mss r bacteria, cvered mre than tw-thirds f the Wall’s surface in the areas they examined. By studying the physical prperties, they made a significant discvery.
【答案】
1．what 2．itself 3．t prtect/t be prtecting 4．With 5．have gained 6．are stabilized 7．While/Thugh/Althugh 8．which 9．ranging 10．cmpsed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了长城为什么保存得这么好的原因。
1．考查主语从句。句意：尽管它宏伟壮观，但由于时间和自然造成的磨损和破坏，今天剩下的只是它以前的一部分。该空引导主语从句（ 1 remains tday），从句中缺乏主语，意为“……的事物”，用连接代词what。故填what。
2．考查反身代词。句意：然而，最近的一项发现表明，自然本身可能在保护这一历史奇迹方面发挥着至关重要的作用。强调“大自然本身”所扮演的角色，用反身代词itself。故填itself。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为生物结皮的薄层细菌和其他生物被认为可以保护长城的部分区域，使其免受风雨和其他破坏性因素的影响。be cnsidered t d sth． (被认为做某事)，prtect可用不定式的一般式形式（表示与谓语动词同时发生或紧随其后的动作），或用不定式的进行式形式（表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作）。故填t prtect/t be prtecting。
4．考查介词。句意：随着技术和研究的进步，科学家们现在正在探索培育新的生物结皮以防止长城进一步退化的潜力。结合句意可知，介词with (随着)符合，首字母大写。故填With。
5．考查时态。句意：生态学家Nichle Barger称赞这项研究“具有创新性和创造性”，并指出近年来生物结皮的保护作用得到了越来越多的认可。由时间状语in recent years可知，从句谓语动词gain用现在完成时表过去动作对现在产生的影响，注意主谓一致。故填have gained。
6．考查时态和系表结构。句意：人们承认，旱地生态系统是稳定的，这些生物层可以防止水土流失。形容词stabilized (稳定的)，此处为系表结构be stabilized，结合下文谓语is prevented可知，用一般现在时，注意主谓一致。故填are stabilized。
7．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然长城的著名部分是用石头或砖块建造的，但其他部分是用压实的土壤建造的。前后句让步关系，结合句意，用从属连词while/thugh/althugh (尽管)引导让步状语从句，首字母大写。故填While/Thugh/Althugh。
8．考查定语从句关系词。句意：然而，同样的堆积土壤也可能存在生物结皮，生物结皮覆盖了地球约12%的陆地表面，特别是在中国北方等干旱地区。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是bicrusts，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些生物结皮的形式各不相同，从薄的细菌网络到较厚的地衣层。逻辑主语These bicrusts和非谓语动词range是主动关系，range用现在分词形式作状语。故填ranging。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的研究表明，在他们检查的区域，主要由苔藓或细菌组成的生物结皮覆盖了长城表面的三分之二以上。be cmpsed f (由……组成)，用过去分词短语cmpsed f…作名词bicrusts的后置定语。故填cmpsed。
8．（2025·上海青浦·一模）
Washing Fruit Befre Eating desn’t Remve Pesticides (杀虫剂)
D yu wash fruit befre putting it int yur muth? If yur answer is yes, the fllwing news may well be 1 (disappint) t yu. Using specific imaging technlgy t see 2 pesticides affected apples, scientists fund distributin f pesticides in the apple skin and flesh layers, cnfirming that the pesticides pass thrugh the skin layer int the flesh layer, accrding t a reprt published recently in America.
“Thus, the risk f pesticide intake frm fruits cannt be avided by simple washing ther than peeling, which means taking the skin ff fruits.” The study’s authrs said they were nt lking t scare 3 abut the presence f pesticides in their fd, but they want t prvide guidance n hw t avid them. This study, 4 (situate) within the expansive research area f fd safety, attempts t prvide cnsumers with health guidance,” said Dngdng Ye, prfessr at Anhui Agricultural University and study authr.
5 bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe ut nearly all pesticide left. This cntrasts with the practice f washing, which 6 (recmmend) frequently. As the reprt says, “traditinal fruit-cleaning peratins cannt whlly remve pesticides,” but “cnsidering that the flesh layer lst during peeling was a great deal 7 (large) than 0.03mm, we believe that the peeling peratin can effectively avid the dangers f pesticides in the fruit’s skin 8 the prbability f taking in pesticides can be reduced.”
Accrding t the mst recent reprt frm the U.S. Department f Agriculture, “befre allwing a pesticide 9 (use) n a fd prduct, the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency sets limits n hw much f the pesticide may be used n fd during grwing, prcessing, and strage, and hw much can remain n the fd 10 reaches the cnsumer.”
【答案】
1．disappinting 2．hw 3．anyne/anybdy/ne 4．situated 5．Rather than/Instead f 6．is recmmended 7．larger 8．s that 9．t be used 10．that/which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了根据美国最近发表的一份报告，科学家们利用特定的成像技术来观察农药是如何影响苹果的，他们发现了农药在苹果皮和果肉层中的分布，证实了农药通过皮层进入了果肉层，并建议吃水果前最好削皮。
1．考查形容词。句意：如果你的答案是肯定的，下面的消息可能会让你失望。作表语，主语为news，故用形容词disappinting“令人失望的”。故填disappinting。
2．考查宾语从句。句意：根据美国最近发表的一份报告，科学家们利用特定的成像技术来观察农药是如何影响苹果的，他们发现了农药在苹果皮和果肉层中的分布，证实了农药是通过皮层进入果肉层的。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用hw。故填hw。
3．考查代词。句意：该研究的作者表示，他们并不是想吓唬别人，因为他们的食物中存在农药，但他们想提供如何避免使用农药的指导。此处作宾语，且表示“任何人，别人，某人”可用不定代词anyne、anybdy或表示“一个人”用代词ne。故填anyne/anybdy/ne。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这项研究位于食品安全的广阔研究领域，试图为消费者提供健康指导，”研究作者、安徽农业大学教授叶冬冬（音译）说。此处situate与study构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填situated。
5．考查固定短语。句意：这项研究认为，去皮可以有效地清除几乎所有残留的农药，而不是带来不必要的焦虑。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“而不是”可用rather than或instead f，首字母大写。故填Rather than/ Instead f。
6．考查时态语态。句意：这与经常建议的洗的做法形成对比。which指代先行词practice，在从句作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is recmmended。
7．考查比较级。句意：正如报告中所说，“传统的水果清洗操作并不能完全去除农药”，但“考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层大大大于0．03mm，我们认为去皮操作可以有效地避免农药在果皮中的危害，从而降低农药的摄入概率。”根据后文than可知应用比较级。故填larger。
8．考查状语从句。句意：正如报告中所说，“传统的水果清洗操作并不能完全去除农药”，但“考虑到去皮过程中损失的果肉层大大大于0．03mm，我们认为去皮操作可以有效地避免农药在果皮中的危害，从而降低农药的摄入概率。”引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应用s that。故填s that。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据美国农业部最近的一份报告，“在允许在食品上使用农药之前，环境保护署会对食品在种植、加工和储存过程中可以使用的农药数量以及到达消费者手中的食品中可以残留的农药数量设定限制。”上文为短语allw…t d sth．，且use与pesticide构成被动关系，故用t be dne形式。故填t be used。
10．考查定语从句。句意：根据美国农业部最近的一份报告，“在允许在食品上使用农药之前，环境保护署会对食品在种植、加工和储存过程中可以使用的农药数量以及到达消费者手中的食品中可以残留的农药数量设定限制。”定语从句修饰先行词fd，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。
9．（2025·上海虹口·一模）
Hw t Be Stylish While Prtecting the Envirnment
Despite the huge numbers f peple wh care abut the envirnment and lve clthes, there is a basic cnflict abut being green and being fashinable. This is because the fashin industry depends n a cnstant stream f ever-changing trends, 1 means yu have t keep cnsuming. Hwever, buying 2 awful lt f things that yu dn’t need, in this case new clthes, is harmful t the envirnment. Even s, there are still sme measures yu can take t achieve 3 f the gals.
Firstly, rather than base yur chice f clthes n 4 the fashin industry says yu shuld, chse yur wn lk. If yu d this, yu’ll lk a lt mre like an individual, and prbably 5 (genuinely) stylish. It des nt require any sense f style 6 (cpy) the lks in fashin magazines but develping yur wn certainly des. Yu’ll find that yu buy fewer clthes 7 they aren’t ging in and ut f fashin every week, and this helps the envirnment.
Sme peple think that anther way f achieving this is t buy nly natural materials, like cttn. But the prductin f sme plant-based materials invlves the use f enrmus quantities f pesticides (杀虫剂). In fact, cttn is an especially dirty crp, with methds 8 (use) in its prductin which can destry the lcal envirnment. If yu want t avid adding t sil and water pllutin in this manner, simply 9 (chse) rganic materials.
In the end, what yu wear is yur chice and n ne wuld suggest that this shuld nt be a free chice. But we hpe that, 10 (read) this, yu will be aware f the impact yur chices may have n the health f ur planet.
【答案】
1．which 2．an 3．bth/either 4．whatever/what 5．mre genuinely 6．t cpy 7．because/as/since 8．used 9．chse 10．having read/reading
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在追求时尚的同时保护环境，给出了一些具体的建议和措施。
1．考查定语从句。句意：这是因为时尚产业依赖于不断变化的潮流，这意味着你必须不断消费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
2．考查冠词。句意：然而，买一大堆你不需要的东西，比如新衣服，对环境是有害的。此处是固定搭配：an awful lt f意为“大量”。故填an。
3．考查代词。句意：即便如此，你仍然可以采取一些措施来实现这两个目标。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词或者代词作宾语，根据句意，此处用固定搭配：bth f意为“两个都”或者either f意为“任何一个”符合语境。故填bth或者either。
4．考查宾语从句。句意：首先，与其根据时尚界的说法选择衣服，不如选择自己的风格。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，可用what引导，也可用whatever（无论什么）引导。故填what或者whatever。
5．考查副词。句意：如果你这样做，你会看起来更有个性，也可能更有型。根据前文mre like以及and可知，前后为并列成分，所以也用比较级。故填mre genuinely。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：模仿时尚杂志上的造型并不需要任何风格感，但发展自己的风格当然需要。此处是“It+及物动词+宾语+t d”结构，it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填t cpy。
7．考查状语从句。句意：你会发现你买的衣服少了，因为它们不是每周都在流行和过时，这有助于环境。根据句意，空处引导原因状语从句，可用because，as或者since引导。故填because或者as或者since。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，棉花是一种特别肮脏的作物，它的生产方法会破坏当地的环境。此处是with引导的复合结构，methds和use之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填used。
9．考查祈使句。句意：如果你想避免以这种方式增加土壤和水污染，只需选择有机材料。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为祈使句，动词用原形。故填chse。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：但我们希望，在读完这篇文章后，你会意识到你的选择可能对我们这个星球的健康产生的影响。本句已有谓语动词，所以read用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语yu之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，还可理解为动作发生在“意识到”之前，用现在分词的完成式。故填having read或者reading。
10.（2025·上海崇明·一模）
Reprt: Harmful Waste Creatin Set t Increase
The United Natins Envirnment Prgramme (UNEP) said in a reprt that public waste creatin will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds f billins f dllars f damage thrugh bidiversity lss, climate change, and deadly pllutin, UNEP reprts.
UNEP’s Glbal Waste Management Outlk 2024 says wrldwide waste creatin wuld greatly increase 1 gvernments take urgent preventative measures.
Damage 2 (cause) by the grwing waste wuld accunt fr abut $443 billin f the ttal cst.
The reprt, called Beynd an Age f Waste: Turning Rubbish int a Resurce, 3 (release) during the U.N. Envirnment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity 4 (mve) backwards ver the past ten years. They say humans are creating mre waste, mre pllutin, and mre climate changing gases.
Waste preventin measures and imprved waste treatment culd reduce thse csts, the reprt said. But it ntes, there are majr barriers 5 such refrms.
Negtiatrs are wrking tward an agreement 6 (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerus pllutin frm plastics. They are beginning a furth rund f talks in April. UNEP Executive Directr Inger Andersen said she is hpeful they will cmplete the agreement by the end f this year.
Envirnmentalists and fssil fuel (化石燃料) prducers cntinue t disagree abut the terms f the agreement. They especially dispute 7 the deal shuld center n reducing plastics prductin r increasing recycling and reuse.
“There is an interest, especially amng the cuntries 8 are prducing raw plymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is nt an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen tld the reprters, 9 (nte) there wuld still be a need fr plastics in vehicles and medical equipment.
Andersen said 10 she hpes is that n grups wuld wrk t blck prgress n the agreement, but instead “find a way frward that actually takes int accunt the fact that we are drwning in plastic.”
【答案】
1．unless 2．caused 3．was released 4．has mved/has been mving 5．t 6．t deal 7．whether 8．that/which 9．nting 10．what
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了联合国环境规划署（UNEP）关于全球废物产生量将大幅增加及其相关影响的预测，以及各方在应对这一问题上所做的努力和存在的分歧。
1．考查状语从句。句意：UNEP的《2024年全球废物管理展望》报告指出，除非各国政府采取紧急预防措施，否则全球废物产生量将大幅增加。空处为状语从句的引导词，意为“除非”，用“unless”引导。故填unless。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：由废物增长造成的损害将占总成本的约4430亿美元。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰“damage”和动词“cause”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填caused。
3．考查谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候在肯尼亚举行的联合国环境大会上发布了一份名为《超越废物时代：将垃圾转化为资源》的报告。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“early this week”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the reprt”，单数，和动词“release”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was released。
4．考查谓语动词。句意：报告的作者认为，过去十年来，人类一直在倒退。空处为从句谓语动词；根据时间状语“ver the past ten years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语为“humanity”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has mved/has been mving。
5．考查介词。句意：但它也指出，这样的改革面临着重大障碍。空处为介词的用法，名词“barrier”后用介词“t”，意为“……的障碍”。故填t。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：谈判人员正在努力达成一项协议，以应对塑料造成的特别有害和危险的污染。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定时形式。故填t deal。
7．考查宾语从句。句意：他们尤其争论协议是否应以减少塑料生产为中心，还是应增加回收和再利用。空处为宾语从句的引导词；根据下文的“r”以及句意可知，宾语从句用“whether”引导，意为“是否”。故填whether。
8．考查定语从句。句意：“一些国家，尤其是生产原生聚合物的国家，对此很感兴趣，但我一直在告诉他们，这不是一项反塑料协议，”Andersen在告诉记者时指出，汽车和医疗设备中仍然需要塑料。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“the cuntries”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“一些国家，尤其是生产原生聚合物的国家，对此很感兴趣，但我一直在告诉他们，这不是一项反塑料协议，”Andersen在告诉记者时指出，汽车和医疗设备中仍然需要塑料。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语“Andersen”和动词“nte”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填nting。
10．考查主语从句。句意：Andersen表示，她希望没有任何团体阻碍协议取得进展，而是“找到一条向前发展的道路，这条道路实际上考虑到了我们正处于塑料泛滥之中的事实”。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少宾语，用what引导。故填what。
Passage（1）2023年6月高考真题
Once upn a time , in the heart f Africa, there was a king wh (2l) __________( knw )fr his wisdm and curage, His name was Msi, meaning "smke" in his native tngue. He had cme a lng way (22 ) __________(watch )ver his kingdm, (23 )__________(assume )the thrne (王权)at a yung age.
One day, a dispute arse in the kingdm, Tw farmers were arguing abut the wnership f a piece f land, They culd nt settle the matter themselves ( 24 )__________each claimed the land was theirs. The case was brught befre King Msi, wh was knwn fr his fair judgments.
The king listened t bth sides f the stry. He then asked, " Wh amng yu can tell me.hw many seeds are in the fruit f the babab tree?" The farmers lked at each ther, puzzled. They did nt knw the answer.
King Msi cntinued , “Just as yu cannt tell me the number f seeds in the babab fruit ,yu cannt prve ( 25 )__________this land belngs t. Therefre, l decree that this land shall be shared between yu. Yu will wrk n it tgether and share the fruits f yur labr equally.”
The farmers were taken aback by the king's wisdm. They agreed t the king's decisin and thanked him fr his fair judgment. Frm that day frward, they( 26 )__________wrk tgether n the land and became the best friends.
The peple f the kingdm admired King Msi's wisdm. They wuld remain ( 27 )__________ ( seat )fr hurs , listening t his wise wrds and learning frm his judgments. The stry f King Msi's wisdm spread far and wide, and he was respected by all wh heard abut him.
And s, king Msi cntinued t rule his kingdm with wisdm and fairness, earning (28)__________a place in the annals (编年史) f histry, His stry is a reminder f ( 29 )__________wisdm can bring( 30 )__________ peace and harmny. It is a stry that has been passed dwn thrugh generatins, a testament t King Msi's enduring legacy.
This is the stry f King Msi, a wise and just ruler wh made a significant impact n his kingdm and its peple, His stry cntinues t inspire and teach valuable lessns abut leadership and justice
【答案】
21.was knwn 22.t watch 23.assuming 24.because 25.wh/whm
26.culd 27.seated 28.himself 29.hw 30.abut
【导读】这是关于非洲国王莫西的故事，他以智慧和公正闻名。当两个农民争夺土地所有权时，他以提问猴面包树果实种子数量的方式解决了纠纷，展现了公平和智慧。他的故事传播开来，成为领导和公正的典范。
【详解】
21.was knwn【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。 curage为wh引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be knwn fr意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was knwn。
22,t watch【解析】考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,空格前的主语和谓语为He had cme判定空格处为非谓语结构。再根据句意判定，该空所在的位置需要填入动词不定式作目的状语，表示“他走过了很长的路来监视他的王国”，因此填t watch。
23.assuming【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，空格前的句子的谓语是had cme,且空格的提示动词前有逗号，判定此处为非谓语结构。根据句意该空需要填入一个非调语动词来表示主语 He的行为，同时这个行为与主句中的 had cme a lng way是同时发生的，因此应该使用现在分词assuming，表示伴随。
24.because【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格前是主调宾结构的简单句，空格后是含宾语从句的句子，因此这里需要填入一个连词。又根据上下文提及的They culd ntsettle the matter themselves 和 each claimed the land was theirs 可推知“他们自己无法解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”，because表示原因，故此处填入because。
25.wh/whm【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，该空引导的宾语从句作prve 的宾语且该宾语从句中缺少宾语,结合上下文内容,这里需要填入一个指代人的关系代词,表示“土地属于谁”，故此处填入 wh/whm。
26.culd【解析】考查情态动词。分析句子结构可知，该句不缺少成分，且谓语动词为原型，故考虑情态动词，结合上下文内容可推知，此处想要表述的是“因为国王的决定，他们能够(culd)在一起工作，成为最好的朋友”，故此处填入culd。
27.seated 【解析】考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的故去分词作表语,“remain+过去分词"表示“某人或某事物仍保持某种状态”，而 seated 是 seat的过去分词转化而来的形容词，意为“坐着的”，故此处填入seated。
28.himself【解析】考查反身代词。分析句子结构可知,该空处需要填入代词或名词作earning的宾语，又结合句意推知，此处想要表述的是“因此，摩西国王继续以智慧和公平统治他的王国，使他自己(himself)在历史史册上赢得了一席之地”，故该空处填入 himself。
29.hw【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入一个可以引导宾语从句的连词，且从句中不缺少主干成分，又根据相关句意推知，此处想要表述的是“他的故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”，hw 有“如何”之意，故此处填入 hw。
30.abut【解析】考査介词。Bring abut 意为“导致;引起”，故该空填入 abut。
Passage（2）2023年1月高考真题
Yung Enterprise
Yung Enterprise is an rganizatin that makes serius effrts t teach all types f yung peple the general principles f running a business
(21) __________( riginate ) in the United States f America, the idea f Yung Enterprise was intrduced int Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it develped slwly in its early years, the rganizatin grew rapidly later. Yung Enterprise is nw backed by industry and cmmerce, s that tday yung peple thrughut the United Kingdm can participate.
A participant in Yung Enterprise is knwn as an Achiever. Yung Enterprise primarily meets the needs f yung peple ( 23 )__________ are still at schl, giving them an understanding f industry and the pprtunities it may ffer them in the future. But it is usually pssible (24 )__________ ( include ) yung peple in the same age grup wh have left schl but have nt yet started wrk.
An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knwledge f his wn field wh vlunteers t keep a Yung Enterprise cmpany during its trading year.(25)__________cunts fr Advisers is an ability t get n with yung peple and t put acrss the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there t advise: they d nt run the cmpanies.
Nrmally, three Advisers-ne n accuntancy, ne n prductin and ne n marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available t each cmpany. Yung Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must cme frm a variety f business ccupatins.
A Spnsr,(29)__________ (reward) nly by the success f the enterprise f "its" Achievers, is an rganizatin which participates in Yung Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its wn expense, prvides facilities by making available cmmunicatins,advice and encuragement.
【答案】
21．Originating 22．Althugh/Thugh/While 23．wh/that 24．t include 25．What
26．implies 27．are/will be/have been 28．it 29．rewarded 30．at
【解析】
【导读】文章主要讲述Yung Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个Yung Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并根据企业的成功获得回报。
【详解】
Originating 考查现在分词 "riginate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea f Yung Enterprise"，表示Yung Enterprise的想法起源于美国。
22．Althugh/Thugh/While 考查让步状语从句。"althugh/thugh/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
23．wh/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍yung peple的定语从句，修饰"yung peple"，指代"yung peple"，做主语，指人，可以使用"wh/that"。
24．t include 考查动词不定式。"t include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加t d smething.故填入动词不定式t include．句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。
25．What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What cunts fr Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
26．implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
27．are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available t”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。
28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must cme frm a variety f business ccupatins"。
29．rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Spnsr"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
30．考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its wn expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
Passage（3）2022年7月高考真题
Hw t Start a New Business
An entrepreneur is a persn wh creates , launches, and begins a new business, typically in respnse t a market demand that has nt been met. Entrepreneurs are ften imaginative, self-mtivated individuals wh develp full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have revelant insights, expertise, and advice they may ffer aspiring n their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs t aid (21)____________might prvide insight int the steps they tk (22)___________( achieve) success. Here is the interview f entrepreneur-related questins , and yu will find mre preparatins fr it.
Questin: Hw wuld yu describe an entrepreneur?
Answer: An individual wh establishes and expands their wn cmpany thrugh innvative( knw)as an entrepreneur. During the expansin f their strategies ( 23 )_____________cmpanies, entrepreneurs are respnsible fr several imprtant tasks in additin t cash generatin. An entrepreneur perceives a cmmercial need in their sciety ,(24)____________( develp) an idea fr a business, and then takes the initiative t start their firm. Suppse a business idea des nt center n prducing a prduct that fills a gap in the (25)___________ (exist) market. In that case, it mst ften centers n applying technical advancements t simplify the prcess f btaining a prduct r service.
Questin: Hw d entrepreneurs identify business prspects?
Answer: Entrepreneurs rutinely seek chances t expand r increase their cmpany's revenues. They determine which prduct t include and which market t enter. An entrepreneur shuld listen t prspective custmers and lk fr chances t build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26)___________ding and hw they succeed by cnducting a cmpetitive analysis. This technique may invlve cnducting a physical survey r reading industry-specific materials. Cnversatins with cnsumers als facilitate the identificatin f their frustratins and negative experiences.they may use t enhance a firm.(27)___________.
Questin: What makes an entrepreneur successful?
Answer:(28)_____________an entrepreneur, yu are bth yur manager and the manager f thers. T achieve success, yu must pssess a wide range f abilities. An entrepreneur must be able t manage peple,a budget,peratins,and in certain cases,investrs.It necessitates a wrk style (29)_____________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning fr the firm's shrt and lng-term gals.(30)______________successful entrepreneur must be able t spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and priritizing prjects based n their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in shrt- and lng-term planning, ecnmic frecasts, and market research.
答案解析：
21.them 22.t achieve 23.is knwn 24.develps
25.existing 26.what 27.which 28.As 29.characterized 30.A
[解析]考查代词作宾语。根据句子结构，这里说的是成功的企业家为有抱负的企业家提供建议，因此此处要帮助的人(宾语)指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即aspiring entrepreneurs，所以应填入人称代词宾格，且表复数，故填入them。句意:成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。
22.t achieve
[解析]考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句子结构，企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功，所以这里应用动词不定式表目的。而且根据句子的谓语动词might prvide判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。故填入 t achieve。句意:采访企业家可能会让你了解他们取得成功所采取的步骤
23is knwn
[解析]考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题“Hw Wuld Yu Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)”可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be knwn as”(被称为;被认为是...)，根据“An individual”可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语individual后的wh引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入is knwn。句意通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。
24.develps
[解析]考查一般现在时。此句的主语是An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develps。句意:业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阱主语后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写develping，事实上是develps。
25.existing
[解析]考查先分词作定语。根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词 market,而且从句子的谓语动词 des nt center 也推测空格处动词需要填写非谓语动词故填入existing(现存的，现行的)。句意:假设一个商业想法的中心不是生产填补现有市场空白的产品
26.what
[解析]考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的“hw they succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么”，故填入 what。句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。
27.which
[解析]考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustratins and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入 which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
28.As
[解析]考查介词。此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”后面的yu are bth yur manager and the manager f thers,是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。
29.characterized
[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词necessitates 判定空格处的提示动词为非谓语动词结构，而且由“by”可知，此处应用过去分词修饰名词词组 a wrk style，此处实际上是一个定语从句，which is characterized by multitasking and planning，省略了 which is，故填入 characterized。句意:它需要一种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。
30.A
[解析]考查不定冠词。这里的entrepreneur 为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词修饰，故填入 A。句意:一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。
Passage（4）2022年1月高考真题
The Lights f Aurra
On the night f 2 September1859, the dark sky ver Eurpe and Nrth America was suddenly full f light!The light did n cme frm the sun r the mn and it had a strange clur. The light mved acrss the sky, (21)___________( cme ) and ging, like cluds in a strng wind in the United States, a man in Bstn was using the telegraph t speak t a man in Prtand160kmaway They bth turned ff the electricity fr the telegraph, but (22)__________ culd still speak t each ther fr the next tw hurs. The electricity was cming frm the light in the sky. Hw was this pssible? And what was the light in the sky?
The light is called the aurra. Usually. yu can see it nly at the very nrth f the earth,(23)_______it is called aurra brealis r Nrtherm Lights, r at the very suth, where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights. But in 1859, smething happened in the sun-a very large strm-and it mved the aurra acrss the middle f the earth. We d nt think that his ever happened befre 1859, and we knw that it (24)________ (nt happen) since then.
Why des the aurra happen? And why can we nly see it at the tp r bttm f the earth The aurra is made by smething (25)__________(call) the ‘'slar wind’( wind frm the sun). We cannt see this wind, r tuch it. It is a wind f particles that travel away frm the sun at the time at abut 400 kilmeters a secnd. Mst f the particles never tuch the earth The earth has a kind f ‘wall’ arund it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away n either side, But the earth's magnetic field has tw “windws” in it: the magnetic nrth, and the magnetic suth. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns dwn int the earth. And sme f the particles frm the slar wind cme thrugh these magnetic ' windws'. These slar particles crash is t the particles tat are already in ur sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines r cluds f light f the aurra.
Alaska is a gd place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurra brealis , and yu can als g t places like Iceland, Siberia , the nrth f Greenland , Nrway , Sweden, and Sctland T seethe aurra australis , g t the suth f Australia , Tasmania , r New Zealand.
Peple travel thusands f kilmeters t see the aurra , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________d see it say that they will never frget it.
【答案】
21.cming 22.they 23.where 24,has nt happened 25.called
26.against 27.when/as 28.t see 29.that 30.whever
【解析】
21.cming
[解析]考查现在分词。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“ging”并列，所以形式应保持一致，所以填入 cming。句意:光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。
22.they
[解析]考查代词作作主语。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They bth turned ff the electricity fr the telegraph,”可知这后半句的主语也为“they”，故填入they。句意:他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。
23.where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“r at the very suth,where it is the aurra australis r Suthern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。
24.has nt happened
[解析]考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has nt happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。
25.called
[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰 smething，故填入 called。句意: 极光是由一种叫做“太阳风来自太阳的风)的东西产生的。
26.against
[解析]查介词。此处考查固定搭配 保卫...以免受...)，故填入 against。句意:地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。
27.when/as
[解析]考查时间状语从句。本段一开始提到“Why des the aurra happen? (为什么会发生极光?)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，这是一个时间状语从句,故填入“when/as”。句意:当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。
28.t see
[解析]考查动词不定式。根据句子谓语动词 is 判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式:(It+is+a/an+名词+t+d+sth.)，故填入 t see句意:阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。
29.that
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。
30.whever
[解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入 whever。句意:但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。
Passage（5）2021年6月高考真题
The Spread f Disease
Traveling frm ne city t anther can lead t the spread f disease. When peple arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( nt be) present in the past. The peple there have n natural prtectin ( 22) __________these new bacteria, s they catch the disease mre easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health wrkers may nt identify it r stp it frm spreading. Peple with the disease may cntinue t have cntact with thers. In this way, the bacteria travel frm persn t persn thrugh the ppulatin. This was ( 24 )__________happened, fr example, when sldiers travelled back hme at the end f the First Wrld War. These sldiers brught with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cst millins f lives.
Heating and cling systems in buildings can als be a surce f disease. Take ld air cnditiners in windws as an example. They tend t cllect dirt and water, which makes it easy fr bacteria (26)_____( grw). Then when the air-cnditiner ( 27 )_________(turn) n, the bacteria will be blwn int the hme r ffice and make peple sick. Bacteria grw fast in the water f the cling twers. They are then sent thrughut the building with the air cnditining and can affect anyne in the building. Scientists first recgnized this prblem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 peple had becme seriusly ill..
Pllutin f the ceans can als be a factr in spreading disease. The pllutin may be caused by fertilizers that wash int rivers and then int the cean, r by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly int the cean with n prcessing. These pllutants result in the increased grwth f tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can frm a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( prvide ) a perfect envirnment fr chlera , a fatal disease.
【答案】21.were nt 22.against 23. Because/ Since/ As 24. what 25. it/ that
t grw 27. is tuned 28. which 29. dumped 30. prviding
【答案详解】
were nt
【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were nt。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。
22.against
【解析】考查介词。结合该空前后的相关内容，可推知，此处想要表达的是“人们没有对抗细菌的天然保护，所以更容易感染这种疾病”，再结合句子结构，此处短语作后置定语修饰prtectin，而 against 有“反对”之意，符合句意，故此处填入 against。
23.Because/ Since/ As
【解析】考查原因状语从句。结合下文可知，该句下文讲述的是相关结果，即推知前文在讲述原因。再结合句子结构分析，该空所在句子结构完整，且与主句用逗号隔开，即此处为状语从句，故此处填入 Because/ Since/As 引导原因状语从句。
24.what
【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构分析，此处为表语从句，且该空在从句中做主语。再结合下文例子，此处在讲述某件事，因此可确定此处考查固定搭配 what happened， 故此处填入 what。
25. it/that
【解析】考查代词。根据句子结构分析，该句中缺少主语，又结合上文内容推知。该空处指代的是上文提及的 the Spanish flu，故此处填入代词it/that。
26.t grw
【解析】考查动词不定式。根期从句的谓语动间 makes 判定此处非讲语结构。而且根糖句子结构分析，此处考查固定搭配 make itradj t d sth意为“使某事助的怎么样"，故此处填入t grw。
27.is turned
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。根据相关句意分析，可知此处的空调是“被打开”，即需要填入动词的被动语态，又因为该空前 the air-cnditiner 的提示，可知从句中的主语用的是单数形式，故此处填入 is tuned。
28. which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。
29. dumped
【解析】 考查过去分词。根据主句谓语动词 may be caused 以及r 引导的并列状语，判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。而且句子结构分析，该空处做后置定语修饰 human waste，再结合上文内容推知，此处想要表达的是“未经加工直接被倾倒到海洋中的人类废弃物”，即此处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，故此处填入 dumped。
30. prviding
【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子的谓语动词 can frm 判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构,在从句子结构分析，该空构成分词短语作状语,再根据相关句意分析,此处想表述的是“它们可以在水中形成厚厚的团块，为霍乱这种致命疾病提供一个完美的环境”，即此处需要填入动同的现在分词，故此处填入 prviding
Passage（6）2021年1月高考真题
Why Being in a Band Is Cl
When yu were yunger，a pian lessn may have ruined yur day. Carrying a flute（长笛） frm class t class just fr a half-hur lessn（21）_______have seemed pintless.But as yu enter the adult wrld suddenly yu realize that knwing hw t play an instrument is pretty cl. Yes, even the flute.
S,what makes being in a band s cl?Is it because yu get t g n stage and play t millins f adring fans? Well, yes, but it'll be a few years befre yur ddgy renditin f ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts t resemble a Mzart symphny.
(22)_______ talented yu've been in music it's still nt easy t rganize a band, but here's a quick guide t get yu started:
1) Find yur members.
Yu'll need a drummer,a guitarist,a bass guitarist and a singer.Any ther instruments are a bnus. This is where(23)________(play)the flute cmes in, if yu can make playing the flute cl, yu deserve all the fame and frtune in the wrld!
2) Organize a band practice.
If yu are lucky enugh t have a band member(24)_______ a drum kit and parents wh are hard f hearing, yu can practise at hme fr free. Otherwise, yu'll need t find a lcal studi(25)______ can be expensive. (26)_______(divide)the cst equally, including the cst f hiring any equipment such as cymbals fr the drummer,yu rck tgether, yu rll tgether !
3)Be prductive.
If yu're paying fr a studi, the last thing yu want is t spend it catching up with each ther,s meet half an hur in advance t get all the chatting(27)_______(finish).
4)Agree n sngs t learn, and learn them!
Each band member shuld chse a sng fr the whle band(28)______(learn)ready fr rehearsal. This will allw yu t see(29)________genres（类型）wrk fr yur grup.
(5)Start writing.
Once yu knw what music wrks fr yu,start writing! Yu can d this individually r as a band but the mst imprtant thing is t respect ther peple's sngs. It's very rare t find (30)_______wh isn't shy abut sharing their first few pieces f writing,s be nice!
If that sunds like a lt f hard wrk, then yu're right! If it als sunds like a lt f fun, get stated! But what is it that makes all that hard wrk wrth it?
Being in a band teaches yu precius life lessns. It is a fun way f learning abut hw t share pinins respectfully, be creative,becme mre cnfident and wrk as a team. Once yu can d that yu'll be well n yur way t finding what it is abut yu that makes yu unique, special and cl!
参考答案
21.may 22．Hwever 23．playing 24．with 25.which
26．Divide 27．finished 28．t learn 29．what 30．smene
答案详解1.考查情态动词。此句中有主语和谓语，在主语和谓语之间的空格缺少情态动词。前句中有may，而且根据句意：“带着笛子从一个班到另一个班仅仅上半小时的课似乎毫无意义。”推测这里也是不确定推测。因此正确答案为may。
22. 考查让步状语从句。这是一个并列复合句。首先是but引导的并列句进行语意转折。然后判定前面也是句子，但是前面是两个句子，这两个句子需要用一个连词引导起来。根据句意：“即使你天生才华横溢，组织一支乐队仍然不是件容易的事，但这里有一个让你开始的快速指南……”，因此这里需要用到让步类的连词符合句意。注意此题在原文基础上有调整将原来的even if/thugh引导的从句换成Hwever从句，虽然都是让步状语从句，但是有异曲同工之妙。此题错误率比较高，很多同学没有通过上下语境理解这个句子，只从本句去理解填写连词，造成不必要的失分。
23. 考查动名词。这里是where引导的从句作表语，就是表语从句，此句中已经有谓语动词cmes，同时根据句意：“这就是长笛的来龙去脉，如果你能让长笛变酷，你就应该名利双收！”。后面句子中的if引导的条件状语从句可以忽略。这里需要用非谓语作主语，这是表示一般的动作，因此正确答案为playing。
24. 考查介词。If引导的条件状语从句，在从句中有完整的主谓宾结构，而空格后面的名词和宾语都是名词，这里需要用介词。根据句意：“如果你有幸有一个带鼓包的乐队成员和重听的父母，你可以在家里免费练习。”因此这里用with。
25.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studi在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。”
26. 考查祈使句。
根据后面的including判定空格处的动词为谓语动词，而且没有主语，很容易想到是祈使句。而且根据句意：“均摊成本，包括为鼓手租用任何设备的成本，例如铜钹，你们一起摇滚，一起打鼓！”因此这里填写答案Divide。此题在原文的基础上有修订，将split改为divide，达到异曲同工之妙。但是此题的错误率非常高，同学们看到答案后才恍然大悟，原来的是祈使句。这也说明学生的基础知识不牢固。作为进入高中第一次所学的语法就是复习初中的句子结构成分，为复合句的深入学习铺垫基础。但是同学们往往只看表象，没有理解句法结构而陷入浅层学习中，导致这题失分非常严重。
此外，此题也是和学生的心理素质有关，认为给一个动词，直接填写动词本身，感觉不可思议，而不去看语篇文章的本身。这道语法题作为2021年的新高考题型的创新题，达到了出题的目的，区分了不同层度的学生的语言水平。这将为2022年的高考带来反思：扎实的学习，但是不带固定思维，从不同题型的语篇结构出发，深入分析考点的本质而不是只看表面。
今后的高考中还会出现类似创新思维的题项，结合真题做好反思总结，为考前的综合语言能力水平铺垫扎实基础。
27. 考查过去分词。S后面的句子中有谓语动词meet，因此空格处的动词一定是非谓语。根据此句句意：“如果你要为一个工作室买单，你最不想的就是花时间互相攀谈，所以提前半小时见面，把所有的闲聊都完成。”这里是finish作get补语，且与前面的chatting之间是被动关系。因此用finished。
28. 考查动词不定式。根据此句的谓语动词chse，判定这里是非谓语动词。根据句意：“每个乐队成员都应该为整个乐队选择一首歌曲，为排练做好准备。”这里用不定式作目的状语。
29. 考查宾语从句。what引导的从句作see的宾语，也就是宾语从句。而且what是代词性质，在从句中也作从句主语genres的限制语。而且根据句意：“这将让你看到什么类型的作品为您的小组使用。”这里用what为正确答案。
30．考查不定代词。空格前面是find,后面是wh引导的定语从句，判定这里需要一个代词。根据句意：“。很少有人不羞于分享他们的前几篇文章，所以要友善！”因此这里用smene。
一、语法填空考点分布
出题方式
词性考查
考点分布
特别注意
有提示词
形容词/
副词
原 级
1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形
2、修饰比较级最高级的词
3、less/least+adj/adv情况
4、双写+er的单词
比较级
最高级
动词
时态语态
1、各种时态的标志词以及特征
2、主动表被动情况
不定式
1、不定式作主宾表定状补
2、动名词作主宾表定
3、分词作表定状补
4、各种非谓语的时态语态
动名词
分 词
无提示词
冠词
定冠词/不定冠词
判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词
搭配及其他
熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法
代词
人称物主代词
1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分
2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语
3、代词作定语
不定代词
反身单词
动词
情态动词
观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
助动词/系动词
倒装情况
定语从句
1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
2、hw+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，hw many/much/ 情况
3、表语从句连接词as if，because
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
并列句
判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
两个空和三个空的填法
两空常填连词
表原因：nw that
表时间：every time/ the mment
表让步：even if / even thugh
表方式：as if / as thugh
表目的：s that / in case
表结果：s that
定语从句：介词 + which
表除了：except that
表疑问：hw much (many/lng/ften/sn)
三空常填连词
表目的：in rder that / fr fear that
表时间：as sn as/by the time
表条件：as/s lng as / n cnditin that
表让步：n matter hw + adj./ n matter what (+ n.)
另：as far as (as far as I knw, as far as I’m cncerned)
两空常填介词
表原因：because f/ due t/ wing t/thanks t
表让步：regardless f
表相反：instead f/ rather than
表除了：except fr / ther than/apart frm
表根据/例举：accrding t / such as
三空常填介词
表让步：in spite f
表并列：as well as
表除了：in additin t
表目的：in rder t
两空常填情态动词
have t / had better / ught t / may/might (as) well
考点一：纯空格试题的解题技巧
技巧1：当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等)
主要考察：人称代词we, yu, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yurs, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, thse;不定代词 everything, smething, anything, nthing, everyne, smene, everybdy, smebdy, anybdy, nbdy, bth, either, neither, all, nne, each, thers, the ther, anther, the thers, ne, the ne(s).
【练习】
When my siblings and I were grwing up, I always sensed smething was missing in my life, ___________fundamental t my very identity, t wh I was and where I came frm.
In rder t keep team members psitive and mtivated, the team leader _________needs t shw these qualities.
Over time, as the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s______wuld ck mre quickly.
【Keys】 smething himself it/they
技巧2： 在名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。
如表示特指时用the/this/that/these/thse
表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an
表示“某人的”,用形容词性物主代词
表示“两者都”用bth
表示“另一个”用anther
表示“每一个”用every/each
表示“其他的”用ther等,注意ther接名词复数。
【练习】
1）Fr the study, researchers studied the develpment f friendships and (27)______ peer relatinships during adlescence and their impact n psychlgical adjustment.
2）When perfrming _____ challenging mental task, d it in silence, Perham recmmended.
3）The cmpany plans t duble the current number f dmestic stres t nearly 12,000. T meet _______ target, Sawbucks will start mre stres at airprts and supermarkets.
【Keys】 ther a the/this/that
技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。
常用介词：in, n, at, t, frm, f, ff, under, abve, belw, ver, acrss, thrugh, beynd, behind, beside, between, amng, near, up, dwn, alng, arund, befre, after, since, fr, against, besides, except, by, with, withut, abut, as, like, during, int, thrughut, until, within, tward, past, despite, regardless f, in spite f, because f, due t, wing t, thanks t, except fr, apart frm, ther than, such as, accrding t, instead f, rather than, as well as, in additin t, …
【练习】
The ttal amunt f packaging increased __________ 12% between 1999 and 2005.
These days, many ttem ples n lnger exist _______ _______ decay and rt.
________ everyne’s expectatin, he waited a mment, clsed his eyes and then signaled the cnductr t begin again.
【Keys】 by； because f； Beynd
技巧4：若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(d, des, did等)。
【练习】
“I ___________hardly stand the idea f having t talk t strangers n the Tube n my way t wrk,” he tld the BBC.
Fr all the attentin I was getting I _________ as well nt have been there. I felt a stranger.
Students can’t wear jumpers, jackets r cats indrs. Als, girls and bys ______wear black leather shes and black scks. Sprts shes are nt allwed.
【Keys】can might must
技巧5：若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。若两句之间表示转折关系有逗号填hwever，前后对比用while，表因果关系有逗号填therefre, 无逗号填s。
并列连词：and, but, r, s, fr, yet, then, hwever, therefre, while, either…r, neither…nr, nt nly…but als, nt…but
【练习】
Once he handed ut the test papers t all students, he asked them t turn the test pages and begin. Students’ were cnfused t see there was nt a questin ____ just a black dt in the center f the page.
Drug abuse has serius effects n individuals physically and mentally, _________ the ecnmic lsses caused by drug abuse are great.
Charles Cheadle f Cesar Chavez Schl says, “Bys are nt s afraid that they might d smething that will harm the cmputer, ______________girls are afraid they might break it smehw.”
【Keys】but and while
技巧6：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。
定语从句: 关代：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as; 关副：when, where, why
名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, wh, whm, whse, which, whatever, whever, whmever, whichever; 关副：when, where, hw, why, whenever, wherever, hwever
状语从句: 时间：when, while, as, befre, after, every/each time, as sn as, the mment/minute, hardly…when, n sner…than, since, nce, until 地点：where, wherever 原因：because, as, since, nw that 目的：in rder that, s that, in case, fr fear that 结果：s that, s/such…that 比较：than, as…as, the mre…the mre 让步：althugh, thugh, even if/thugh, while, as, n matter what/ wh/when…, whatever…., whether…r, 方式：as, as if/thugh, 条件：if, unless, as lng as…
【练习】
At the age f three r three and a half almst all children find the change t nursery easy, and this is undubtedly _________ mre and mre parents make use f child care at this time.
__________it is a blind persn seeking guidance r an elderly persn seeking supprt, the rail is there fr walking.
All f them described abut the black dt, ____ psitin they tried t explain.
I remembered smething in my purse ________I thught culd help her.
【Keys】why, whether, whse, that

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。（强调、倒装、感叹）
【练习】
But I wanted t prve t myself that hard ______the cnditin was, I wasn't finished yet. Nthing is t stand in my way."
In the US, nly when smene sits in the driver’s seat ______ driverless cars allwed n rads in certain states.
As in the early histry f the United States, it was the English _______ set up the settlements in America.
【Keys】as are that
考点二： 给出动词的解题技巧
技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)
【练习】
The wman lked dwn, ______（shake）her head and said:“Nt s gd.”
If the trend cntinues, by 2020, the wrld ________(lse) tw-thirds f its vertebrate bidiversity.
Since it drew recent media attentin, Wn (hear) frm resrts and restaurants in 10 cuntries, including the United States.
【Keys】shk will have lst has heard
技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。
不定式t d表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；
动名词ding 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；
现在分词ding 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；
过去分词dne表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。
【练习】
Picking a great gift require ________(knw) the persn yu’re giving it t.
Recycling in the hme is very imprtant f curse. Hwever, __________(frce) t recycle ften means we already have mre material than we need.
________(nt d)anything like this befre, I didn’t knw what kind f reactin I might receive.
【Keys】knwing being frced Nt having dne
考点三：给出形容词或副词的解题技巧
技巧10：括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加mre的，还有加less的，加the least的。
【练习】
The students were even____ (cnfused) but started the test by then.
While peple were amazed by hw generus they culd get, Figuera said she had the __________ (unfrgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years f wrking fr McDnald’s.
On the ther hand, plants which have a gd adaptatin t dry cnditins r have the ability t stre water in their cells require _______(frequent) watering .
【Keys】mre cnfused mst unfrgettable less frequent