高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空——有提示词的语法填空（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空——有提示词的语法填空（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）（学生版），共37页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题优生考点易错分析， 命题规律及备考策略，【命题预测】，根据语境暗示等内容，欢迎下载使用。
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1. 高考真题优生考点易错分析
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流，国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。
2．从命题思路上看：
(1)考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语，考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态，难度适中；
(2)非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上，难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式；
(3)形容词和副词考查频繁，但难度较小，一般考查词形转换，考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。
(4)名词考查主要考查：名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换
(5)代词考查较少，主要考查：代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
【培优策略】
1．熟记各种词形转换的单词，尤其是比较特殊的词形转换单词。
2．熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。
3．熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。
4．熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法
3.【命题预测】
预计2026年谓语动词和非谓语动词仍然是命题的重点，名词、形容词和副词的词形转换必考。
复习过程中熟记词形转换的词，熟练掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的用法及意义，掌握谓语动词的时态形式和意义。
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
\l "_Tc25045" 知识点1 动词的时态
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
(3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词
2.根据具并列关系：
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, r, rather than, neither... nr..., nt nly... but als...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态：
(1)was/were ding... when...＋一般过去时
(2)was/were abut t d... when...＋一般过去时
(3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时
(4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时
(5)N sner had＋主语＋dne... than＋一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋dne... when＋一般过去时
(7)It will be＋时间段＋befre＋一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
\l "_Tc16775" 知识点2 动词的语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容词时；
(2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
\l "_Tc16775" 知识点3 主谓一致
确定“主谓一致”
考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
1.（2025年1月浙江高考）The cncept 62 (be) certainly nt new — men have been renting gd suits fr decades — but fr female shppers, it is just taking ff. This clthing-as-service mdel fllws the brader scietal mvement twards shared ecnmies.
2.（2022•新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ______ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
1.本题中的解题关键是：previusly (之前地)，可是很多考生不知道这个词的意思，造成解题失误。如果考生不能准确理解文章的意思，试题中will也对考生造成误导，由将来时转到一般过去时的跨度较大。再者，本句还是一个长难句。
2.找准试题中的时间关键线索是解题的关键所在。
3.高考试题中的主谓一致一般难度都较小，只要我们能判断出真正的主语是谁或者说主语的核心词是谁就可以了。本题中areas是主语，故用were。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
固定句型中的时态
（2022·新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.
利用平行关系解决时态问题
（2021·浙江卷）After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and _________ (sell) mst f their furniture.
利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, r, rather than, neither... nr..., nt nly... but als...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
利用语境解决时态问题
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse 60 (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
2.（2022·浙江卷）When he felt a 3D versin f Lenard da Vinci’s “Mna Lisa” he _________ (ntice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what yu see when yu lk at it,” he said.
\l "_Tc16322" 考查动词的语态
1.（2021·浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 _________ (cnsider) healthy.
2.（2024·新高考II卷）A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
1．“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2．牢记常考时态的被动语态结构，一般时态中be dne＝get/becme dne; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构，如“用作不及物意义的动词＋副词”。
\l "_Tc16322" 考查主谓一致
1.（2025·全国II卷）And in the prcess, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” f freshly sunned clthes 61 (be) ne f them.
2.（2025·全国I卷）“The players’ persnalities 60 (reveal) during the game, and ne’s weaknesses are expsed t the ppnent,” she adds.
3.（2025·全国I卷）A decent winner always 61 (try) t beat the ppnent by n mre than ne r tw pints as a gesture (姿态) f respect fr the ther side.
1.（2026·广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测）In a factry wrkshp in Huangchuan Cunty, central China’s Henan Prvince, skillful wrkers stretch pieces f dugh (面团) very carefully. They press and turn the dugh int thin strips, and then use wden sticks t pull them apart gently. These strips 61 (hang) t dry, and finally they becme the famus hllw tribute ndles (空心贡面) f the area.
2.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）Nursena Burus, a 19-year-ld frm the histrical city f Manisa n Türkiye’s Aegean cast, 31 (develp) a taste fr Chinese culture thanks t its cuisine and her travels arund the cuntry in the past few mnths.
3.（2026·湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校高三上学期9月考）By 2024, The Mnsters IP (centered n Labubu) 14 (earn) ver 3 billin RMB, pushing Pp Mart’s glbal expansin.
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。
知识点1 非谓语动词作状语
1．寻找线索
(1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2．解题指导
(1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。
(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式：
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用t d; 表出乎意料的结果，用nly t d; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用ding。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用t be dne; 表动作已经发生，用dne。
3．难点解析
①若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having dne)。
②若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been dne)。
③独立成分作状语
④不定式的一般式：t d / t be dne
I asked him t attend the meeting.
The theme park, t be pened in 2025, will attract peple all ver the cuntry.
⑤不定式的进行式：t be ding
He seems t be reading English pems.
⑥不定式的完成式：t have dne / t have been dne
He is said t have translated the bk int English last year.
He claimed t have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was shpping yesterday.
⑦不定式的完成进行式：t have been ding
She is said t have been writing the nvel abut New Yrk fr many years.
知识点2 非谓语动词作定语
1．寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2．解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。
知识点3 非谓语动词作表语
1．寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, becme, get, seem, appear, lk, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。
2．解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
知识点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1．寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构：
得分速记
(1)介词(如by, fr, f, with, withut, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意t的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allw, avid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustmed t, be devted t, lead t, bject t等。
(3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, ffer, hpe, prmise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2．解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
知识点5 非谓语动词作主语
1．寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(ding)和动词不定式(t d)都可以充当主语。
2．解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用ding还是t d作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用ding，表具体某一次的动作用t d。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型：
①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/pssible/kind等)(＋fr/f sb)＋t d sth
②It's n use/n gd/n fun/a pleasure/n pleasure/a waste f time ding sth
③It takes sb＋sme time/mney＋t d sth
知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语
1．寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
得分速记
(1)不定式作宾补：allw, ask, beg, cmmand, encurage, expect, frbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb t d sth。
(2)have sb/sth ding “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth dne “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with＋宾语＋t d，表示动作还未发生；
②with＋宾语＋ding，表示主动、动作正在进行；
③with＋宾语＋dne，表示被动、动作已完成。
2．解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
查非谓语动词作状语
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals pen n warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.（2024·新高考II卷）___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin.
1.找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。
2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式：
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用t d; 表出乎意料的结果，用nly t d; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用ding。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用t be dne; 表动作已经发生，用dne。
2 考查非谓语动词作定语
2. (2025年1月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen 60 (rent) rather than purchase them utright, prviding a less expensive slutin t ne-time event dressing.
不定式作定语
①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，pprtunity，ability，decisin，right（权利），不定代词等。
1)The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
2)Tday I have nthing/smething t say at the cnference.
②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等She was the first/secnd/third/tenth (student) t cme t schl tday.
2. （2024·新高考II卷）A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/mn:升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rse:凋谢的玫瑰花a retired wrker: 退休工人
an escaped prisner:逃犯a returned student: 归国留学生
3. (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
考查非谓语动词作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
2.（2022·浙江卷）Thrugh tuch, the ne thing gallery signs tell yu nt __________ (d).
不定式作宾语补足语
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allw/permit/cause/encurage/expect/wish/frce/blige/invite/
need/rder/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb t d……:
例：Miss Jansn persuaded the by nt t smke any mre.
②在feel, hear, listen t, lk at, see, watch, ntice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加t； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加t。
1）Paul desn’t have t be made t learn. He always wrks hard.
2）The teacher is ften listened t t sing the English sng at hme.
考查非谓语动词作宾语
1. (2025年1月·浙江卷)“I really want t make this wrk fr peple’s lives tday, and I knw that desn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend,” she says.
2.（2024·全国甲卷）Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level, the natinal parks, in particular, tend 41 （catch）ur attentin because f their large size and variety.
不定式作宾语
1.常接不定式作宾语的词：like/lve/want/wish/hpe/expect/desire/hate/prefer/cntinue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/affrd/ffer/fail/start/begin/frget/remember/prmise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/chse/pretend/arrange t d…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/cnsider/feel/make it + 形/名 + t 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary t master German and French.
考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is pssible ______ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
2.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn't feel_____________(challenge).
3.His (fail) in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung dwn his head in shame.
非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语：
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。T d mrning exercises is useful fr ur health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用ding作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；f sb和fr sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（f sb）t d sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用f sb作逻辑主语：wrng, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, hnest, lazy, mdest, selfish, thughtful, implite, plite, clever, flish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generus，cnsiderate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（fr sb）t d sth.
【以下形容词通常用fr sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, imprtant, necessary, impssible, pssible, safe, dangerus, unusual, wnderful…。多数情况都用fr sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is plite (f yu) t respect the ld.
2)It is imprtant (fr us) t d as the Rmans d.
考查非谓语动词的时态和语态（培优难点）
1．The little by seems (read) the nvel and knws the details.
2．（2026·福建省泉州市第七中学月考）D let yur mther knw all the truth, she appears t (tell) everything.
3．The students appear (wrk) hard fr the cming exam, spending hurs in the library every day.
4．I happened (wait) fr the bus when the accident happened.
5．Mst imprtantly, the shw is scheduled (hld) next Friday.
6．（2026·福建省漳州市第一中学月考） （wrk） fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
7．With mre frests (destry), a lt f gd earth is being washed away each year.
8．（2026·河南省顶级名校高三上学期月考） (talk) t change my attitude, I finally gt the right way t rid myself f carelessness and gained cnfidence as well.
非谓语动词综合检测
1.（2026·湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校高三上学期9月考）Pp Mart’s strategy—blind bxes, limited releases, scial ads—made Labubu viral(爆火的). Labubu’ s success, 13 (fuel) by the prmtin f celebrities like Lisa and Rihanna, shws n signs f slwing dwn.
2.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）She ften fllwed the recmmended fds n the ppular shrt vide-sharing platfrm Duyin 38 (explre) new restaurants and shared phts f her culinary adventures n her WeChat Mments.
3.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟） 42 (knw) as the “happy family,” the belved panda family has fur members: a male giant panda named Kai Kai, a female giant panda named Xin Xin, and their babies.
4.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟） 48 (ensure) the well-being f the panda family, a regular exchange and training apprach was established between the Maca Giant Panda Pavilin and the Chengdu Research Base f Giant Panda Breeding.
5.（2026·广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测） 64 (date) back t the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the ndle earned its name when it was presented t the emperr as a frm f tribute.
非谓语动词形式突破专练
1．The tpic (discuss) nw has drawn sme experts’ attentin.
2． (trap) in the river fr five hurs, the thief lked very pale and exhausted.
3．（2026·河北省石家庄市月考） (live) abrad fr many years, the ld man finally returned t his hmetwn.
4．In fact, as we apprached the village, we saw new huses (build).
5．Rse shwed n anxiety befre the cmpetitin. She seemed (prepare) fr it pretty well.
6．Tday we have chat rms, text messages, emails... but we seem (lse) the art f cmmunicating face t face.
7．The naughty by pretended (read) when the headmaster came int the classrm.
8．It is thse wh are willing t give rather than receive that deserve (respect).
9．If he was treated in a prper way, he was likely (save).
10．The wrk is due (finish) by the end f this mnth, but it has nt been finished due t the pandemic.
11．I’m t happy (invite) t yur birthday party.
12． (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I was amazed by the c-existence f ld and new.
13． (wait) fr an hur, he realized he had left his wallet at hme.
14． (see) the phts f the castal city, I have n desire t visit it; it’s crwded all year.
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
1、动词变为名词
2、动词变形容词
动词转换成名词
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen t rent rather than purchase them utright, prviding a less expensive 61 (slve) t ne-time event dressing.
2. （2024年1月浙江高考真题）Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the 60 (criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items.
动词转换成形容词
1. （2024·新高考I卷）These sepals pen n warm days t give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cld weather, the structure stays 59 (clse) t prtect the plants.
2. （2023·新高考I卷）Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, 36 (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.
1.（2026·湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校高三上学期9月考）Labubu, a snaggletthed frest sprite(精灵)frm Kasing Lung’s “The Mnsters”, has grwn frm a nn-mainstream favrite t a glbally 11 (cllect) hit.
2.（2026·湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校高三上学期9月考）Labubu’s appeal spans Asia, with lng lines at releases and extensive 15 (cver) in majr media like BBC．
3.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）Burus says that Chinese cuisines are rich and 39 (taste), and the cnvenient digital payment system amazes her.
4.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟）“Every mment f their grwth is 49 (frget) —their first time pening eyes, turning ver, crawling and grwing teeth...
5.(2026·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模)Ethnic grups like the Zhuang integrate traditinal patterns that ften describe traditinal stries r natural elements, cnveying wishes fr happiness and harmny. Dngyang wdcarving, represented by the cntemprary artist Lu Guangzheng, gains wrldwide 58 (recgnize).
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知识点1 名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：bk→ bks, muth→ muths, huse→ huses, girl→ girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glass→ glasses, bx→ bxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es；city→ cities, cuntry→ cuntries, party→ parties
(4) 【注意】以结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radis, zs, pians, kils, phts；加-es的有以下词：heres, Negres, tmates, ptates。
(5) 【注意】以-f，-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s：rf→ rfs，belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wlf, half。
2．名词在不定代词few, a few, ther, all, bth, many, several等后时，要想到用复数形式。
3．谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4．【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如child→ children, man→ men, tth→ teeth, ft→ feet, wman→ wmen等。但human→ humans（准确记住不规则变化一轮复习不留知识死角。）
5．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如cngratulatins(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6．【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparatins fr(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：wrk(工作)、knwledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、prgress(进步)、news/wrd(消息)等。（一定记牢）
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snw雪, snws积雪; tw peple两个人，tw peples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数
The cup is made f glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bught ten glasses this mrning. 作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write n paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in yur test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。f之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup f tea; fur pieces f bread; a cake f sap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) wrk(工作)→ wrks( 著作，工厂，工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) lk(看)→lks(容貌)
custm(习惯) →custms(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) gd(利益)→ gds(货物)
cmpass(指南针)→cmpasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
知识点2 名词所有格
1.有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词，借用f表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mther 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mthers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格：“a/tw/sme... ＋名词＋f＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend f her mther's 她妈妈的一个朋友
tw phts f hers 她的两张照片
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换
1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
2．名词转化为名词后缀
①histry→ histrian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
1、考查名词复数
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）As peple nw chse t wear mre clthes fewer 57 (time), clthing rental services have becme increasingly ppular.
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）These plants included mdern Western 62 (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
判断名词复数方法
根据规则确定名词单复数
1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式。
3.（2021·新高考I卷 ）The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we (human) are.
考向2 考查名词所有格
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷） “I really want t make this wrk fr 64 (peple) lives tday, and I knw that desn’t always mean returning a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend,” she says.
2.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my ______ (sn) life,” said Mrs. Brwn.
名词的所有格
1.如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mther 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mthers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
2.双重所有格：“a/tw/sme... ＋名词＋f＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“f＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend f her mther's 她妈妈的一个朋友
tw phts f hers 她的两张照片
3、考查提示词是名词的词形转换
1. (2024新课标I卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied t create this prtective 57 (functin) structure that is als beautiful.
2.（2023全国乙卷）The 69 (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, means there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
3.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by (space) hmes and walled gardens.
1.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟）“Every mment f their grwth is unfrgettable —their first time pening eyes, turning ver, crawling and grwing 50 (tth)...
2.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Anther benefit f mindful eating is imprved digestin. When we eat t quickly, we ften take large 75 (bite) and dn’t chew prperly.
3.（2025·浙江省名校协作体适应性考试）A (student) cllege experience is his r her wn, and the student must put his r her educatin first.
4.Yu’ll hear these (participate) stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
5.（2026·广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测）The ndles are very thin, with a hle in the middle. When cked, they stay firm and dn’t get sft r 67 (stick).
6.（2025·湖北省孝感市八校高三三模联考）Railway authrities have even added tw additinal high-speed trains between the 48 (prvince) capital Jinan and Zib n weekends t meet the grwing passenger demand.
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化
1.形容词的词形转换

2.副词的词形转换规律总结
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：cmmn, handsme, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrng (错误的), excellent (优秀的), pssible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favurite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……一样”；nt as/s＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n. ＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
the＋比较级＋f the tw＋名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Wh is the yunger f the tw bys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？
介词in和f引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物范围内进行比较用f。
修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lt, a bit, rather, any等。mre, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
否定词＋比较级
比较级＋than＋any ther＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the ther＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋any f the ther＋复数名词
比较级＋than anything/anyne else
有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favurite，wnderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senir t等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the＋adj. /adv. 比较级， the＋adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……，越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级＋and＋adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the＋adj. 比较级＋f the tw＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④n mre than“仅仅”， nt mre than“至多；不超过”
⑤mre... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥n＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”
⑦nt＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋f＋B
考查形容词、副词的词形转换
1.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left wanting mre next time.
2.(2023•1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutng”, ________ (riginal)meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
3.Paper is cheap, handy, prtable (轻便的), ________(replace), changeable, and yu can cut it int any size r shape yu want.
考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Yellwstne was the 49 （large）United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther frm the center lived the cmmners and labrers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
3.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years， Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ______ (high) muntain.
1.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟）“Kai Kai and Xin Xin have adapted 45 (gd) here,” said Han, a panda breeder (饲养员).
2.(2026·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模)Wdcarving, an ancient craft with 51 (glbe) cultural significance, invlves shaping wd int delicate designs and figures.
3.（2026·广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测）They’re a special cultural treasure f Henan, carrying the 63 (wise) f many past generatins. We must keep this skill alive and pass it n.”
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
知识点1 人称代词
知识点2 物主代词
知识点3 反身代词
反身代词
与反身代词相对的短语
知识点4 与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (abut/high) time＋that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“shuld＋动词原形”)
It's the first/secnd... time＋that sb. has/have dne 这是某人第几次做某事
It's＋时间段＋since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's＋时间段＋befre-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It＋be＋adj. ＋(fr sb.) t d sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, pssible等。
②It＋be＋adj.＋f sb. t d sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, plite, implite, friendly, flish, clever等。
③It＋be＋n.(＋fr sb./sth.)＋t d sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, jy, gd manners, bad manners等。
④It＋be＋adj./n.＋ding sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：n/little use, n/much gd, useless, fun等。
⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/imprtant/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“shuld＋动词原形”，且shuld可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppse/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend n, rely n, cunt n等。
考查代词的词形转换
1.（2024·全国甲卷）This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved fr all peple f the natin t enjy - as a natinal park.
2.（2020·新高考卷）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
提示词为代词，应考虑以下几种情况
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f (they) cntents.
考查代词的句法功能
1.（2018新课标III卷）When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find
(they) alive.
2.（2022·全国甲卷改编）Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, ________ (her) tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further.
考查代词it的用法
（2022·北京卷改编）________it is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.
1.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）She arrived in China in February 2024, just befre Chinese New Year, and immediately invlved 33 (she) in the lively, celebratry atmsphere.
2.（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Seeking a hands-n experience, I realized the amazing patience and skill applied behind every stitch(针)were such a miracle, weaving stries with threads. 38 struck me that this isn’t just handcraft, but an art frm and a slice f histry.
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i，再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内，具体见下表。
ne—first tw—secnd three—third fur—furth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth furteen—furteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth frty—frtieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
知识点2 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s＋整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。
③当hundred, thusand, millin, billin前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a few修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billin years。
④“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考查基数词和序数词的转化
（2023·全国甲卷）Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the 62 (six) century, B. C.
考查与数词相关的表达法
(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A cuple in their ________ (seventy) living in Lndn, UK can chse t play glf in cuncil­run curses csting frm ￡10 each time.
1.Water shrtage is ne f the greatest crises facing us tday, with tw ________ (three) f the glbal ppulatin living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) fr a mnth r mre every year.
2.Mst Brits spend almst ________ (tw) as much f their leisure time scializing with thers as they d being alne.
3.Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early ________ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1．（2026·江苏省南京市鼓楼区南京市第二十九中学高三上学期第一次模拟）Fund in 2007, walls f the ruins and the surrunding water cnservatin system cmbined t display a massive infrastructure base, cnstructin f which is estimated (take) 4,000 peple a decade t accmplish.
2．（2026·重庆市西南大学附属中学校月考）He pretended (finish) his hmewrk t avid being sclded by the teacher.
3.(2026·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模)Faced with such demanding wrk, these craftsmen ften remind
(they) t stay patient, as even a small mistake culd ruin hurs f wrk.
4.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）It means turning ff screens during meals (prevent) mindless eating.
5.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）By fcusing n fd, we can better enjy its flavurs and make eating an (enjy) experience.
6.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Mindful eating encurages slwer eating, which gives the bdy time t break dwn fd and allws the brain t ntice when we are full, thus (limit) vereating.
7.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Mindful eating can (achieve) thrugh several steps. These include eating slwly, listening t the bdy’s hunger and fullness signals, and creating a calm eating envirnment.
8.（2026·河南省部分重点中学TOP20联考高三上学期10月月考）“The mve is aimed at (bst) turism in suthwest China. It is als expected t expand pening up, prmte persnnel exchanges and help t deepen the China-ASEAN cmprehensive strategic partnership,” the Natinal Immigratin Administratin (NIA) said in a statement.
9.（2026·河南省部分重点中学TOP20联考高三上学期10月月考）The NIA added, “Turist grups frm ASEAN cuntries (rganize) by Chinese travel agencies can enter Xishuangbanna via the Xishuangbanna Gasa Internatinal Airprt, the Mhan railway prt and the Mhan highway prt.”
10.（2026·河南省部分重点中学TOP20联考高三上学期10月月考）China has cntinued easing its visa plicies t make it a lt (easy) t pen up and have mre peple-t-peple exchanges.
11.（2026·河南省部分重点中学TOP20联考高三上学期10月月考）S far, China (establish) cmprehensive mutual visa (互免签证) with 25 cuntries, and carried ut unilateral visa-free plicies fr 38 cuntries and transit visa-free plicies fr 54 cuntries.
12.（2026·河南省部分重点中学TOP20联考高三上学期10月月考）Thanks t visa-free plicies and facilitatin
(measure), mre freign travelers visited China during the 2025 Spring Festival hliday, which ran frm January 28 t February 4. Accrding t the NIA, China recrded 958,000 crss-brder trips made by freigners during the hliday — up 22.9 percent cmpared with the Spring Festival hliday last year.
13.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Thanks t a new academic prject, hundreds f pieces f racle bnes (甲骨文) that have been kept in the warehuse f a tp university in Jiangsu prvince nw have the chance t be decded mre than ne century after (unearth).
14.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Nanjing University in the prvincial capital
(annunce) the launch f a cmprehensive study and categrizatin f the bnes that date back t the late Shang Dynasty (c.16th century-11th century BC) in early Nvember last year.
15.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Systematic recrdings f these pieces thrugh traditinal ink rubbings and digitized (apprach) will als begin.
16.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Academic exchanges amng varius institutins are crucial t put the (break) puzzles f histry back tgether.
17.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Cmpared with schlars frm a century ag, mdern schlars are (lucky) t be supprted by new technlgies.
18.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Accrding t Shi, anther prfessr, her museum will cperate with the university’s Schl f Artificial Intelligence t lk fr the pssibility f using the technlgy (facilitate) the rejining wrk based n analysis f big data.
19.（2026·浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考）Beijing recently made technlgical histry by hsting the wrld’s first half-marathn fr humanid rbts, marking a significant milestne in rbtics develpment. Twenty teams frm tp universities and tech firms participated, with six rbts (cmplete) the 21-kilmeter race. The winner, Tiangng Ultra, finished it in just 2 hurs and 40 minutes.
20.（2026·浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考）This grundbreaking (cmpete) represented a crucial transitin frm cntrlled labratry testing t real-wrld applicatin.
21.（2026·浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考）Beynd sprts, such rbts are already in use — fr example, the specialized inspectin rbts develped by China Suthern Pwer Grid, can perate (reliable) in temperature extremes ranging frm 40°C t 80°C while maintaining pwer lines in remte (muntain) regins.
22.（2026·浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考）Since the beginning f this year, Chinese tech giants like Xiami and Huawei, well aware f the pprtunities, (jin) frces with autmtive leaders including Tesla and Tyta in what has becme an internatinal race t advance this technlgy.
24． (nail) the tw shelves tgether, she wiped away the sweat and had a rest.
25．She entertained us all the mrning and she deserved (praise).
26．A little nervusness is nly t (expect) when yu are starting a new jb.
27．The by pretended (cncentrate) n his lessn, but in fact his mind was wandering.
28．Mr Li is said (study) abrad. But I dn't knw which cuntry he studied in.
29．The scientist claimed (invent) a new kind f car already.
30.Suzhu truly deserves its hnr as “the city f museums, the city f parks, and the city f theater”, frm histrical (sight)t mdern buildings, famus parks t attractive lcal cultures.
1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江苏省澄宜六校联盟高三上学期10月学情调研）
The Yingge dance is a 1 (cmbine) f pera, dance and wushu. Typically, the dance is perfrmed during festivals and celebratins, 2 dancers wearing clrful cstumes and carrying masks, snakes, spears and drums. Its rich histry and cultural significance 3 (earn) it the distinctin f being classified as a natinal intangible cultural heritage in China ver the past few decades.
On Chinese New Year, a Yingge team 4 (cnsist) f 16 dancers frm the Chashan regin f Guangdng Prvince gave a wnderful perfrmance in Lndn. The event prvided 5 unique pprtunity fr UK residents t experience the richness and 6 (diverse) f Chinese culture.
The dance team’s cmmitment t their craft was evident in their preparatin. Fr ver a mnth, they devted themselves t perfecting their perfrmance, ensuring every step, every gesture, and every beat was in harmny. The dancers, many f 7 had mre than 15 years f perfrmance experience, shwed their devtin t preserving this ancient art frm.
S far, the Yingge dance has crssed brders, attracting audiences in freign cuntries such as Thailand. The celebratin f the Spring Festival has becme ne f the glbal 8 (phenmenn), with “Spring Festival Parades” 9 (hld) in several cuntries each year. Nearly ne-fifth f the wrld’s ppulatin nw celebrate the Chinese New Year in 10 (blend) styles, reflecting the grwing influence f Chinese culture wrldwide.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026届湖北省武汉市部分高中高三上学期九月调研）
As temperatures rise acrss China, a new trend is taking hld. Outdr sprts, 1 draw citizens ut f gyms and int the wilderness, test peple’s physical limits and recnnect them with nature.
One standut in this trend, the Spartan Race, has explded in 2 (ppular) in many Chinese cities. S far, the race, alng with its 3 (mud) rutes, high walls, and varius bstacles, has gained significant attractin nline as well. Last mnth, the Spartan China series 4 (land) in Changchun while n Octber 16-17, the Spartan Kids Wrld Champinship will be held 5 the secnd time at Yunding Snw Park in Hebei Prvince.
Each event challenges participants t cmplete distances 6 (range) frm 5 t 50 kilmeters, with sme 7 (intense) demanding bstacles depending n the race categry. In practice, the race invlves climbing, hanging, and carrying sandbags, 8 ttal return t nature frm gyms.
Liu Mingyi, chief expert at the China Yuth Sprts and Physical Educatin Center, said that the rise f utdr running cmpetitins is far frm accidental. “In the past, peple stayed indrs, lifting weights in gyms. Nw, there’s a grwing desire 9 (break) free frm cncrete buildings.” Liu cmmented. “These mud-stained events ffer nt just wildness, 10 a kind f clse dialgue with nature.”
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·广东省深圳外国语学校高三月考）
Ancient bk restratin, a delicate and time-hnred craft in China. It plays a key rle in 1 (preserve) the natin’s written heritage — a legacy that carries the 2 (wise) f schlars and artists ver millennia. Fr centuries, restrers have wrked t repair ld, damaged bks, many f 3 are hundreds f years ld and at risk f being lst.
The prcess f restring an ancient bk demands technical skill and cultural understanding. First, restrers clean the pages t remve dirt and mld. Then, they repair 4 (tear) pages using special paper that matches 5 riginal in clr and texture. This wrk requires great patience-restrers ften spend weeks r even mnths n a single bk. 6 is special abut Chinese bk restratin is its respect fr the histrical artifact 7 (it). Restrers try t make as few changes as pssible, ensuring that the bk’s riginal appearance and cntent are left undamaged.
Tday, yung peple are jining this field. They learn frm master restrers and als use mdern technlgy, 8 digital scanning, t carry ut their wrk accurately. In recent years, with 9 (interact) displays, restred bk exhibitins 10 (inspire) mre peple t care abut prtecting cultural relics. This craft nt nly saves ld bks but als passes n the spirit f preserving histry, a value that has been cherished by Chinese peple fr generatins.
1．（2023全国甲卷）Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still ______________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
2．（2021新高考II卷）I've always lved the cean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia.
3．（2024全国甲卷）They 64 (be) part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
4．(2020•全国III卷)When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (pint) dwn the river.
5. (2021新课标卷) The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the __________ (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
6. （2023新课标II卷）S, what are they learning? 43 (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life.
7.（2022新课标II卷）When he lked dwn, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge.
8.（2021全国I卷）As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in (I).
9.（2020年新高考卷）As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
10.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
年份
试卷类别
题型
优生易错题
错误原因分析
解决方案
2025
全国I卷
语法填空
59.guide易错
不规则词形转换，拼写错误
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词
62.by易错
考查by表示差值的用法，容易被忽视
培优注重没考过的，比较重要的知识点，不留死角。
64.and易错
文章最后一段就是一个句子，是一个长难句，在加上前面有个and，导致考生受到干扰，不考虑并列关系。
分析长难句是培优的重要任务，要天天练，坚持不懈。
全国II卷
60. myself
反身代词容易被忽视
代词复习要全面
64. afternns
这个名词复数比较少见，容易被忽视
增加文章的阅读量，扩展视野是培优的关键
1月浙江卷
58．n
and fcus instead 58 the fact 受instead的影响，容易错填f
注意分析句子结构，and前后并列关系
59．and
句中连续出现and，感到有些费解
分析句子结构，分析长难句的能力
64．peple’s
名词所有格平时模拟考试考查较少，这个空容易被误填为名词复数
全面复习，不留死角才能让优生脱颖而出
2024
新课标I卷
56. engineering
名词到名词的词形转换，此处是名词作定语，出现比较少，容易被忽视
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词，扩大阅读量，开阔视野
60. walks
此处walk用法特殊，用作及物动词
全面理解词汇的多种含义，注重一词多义
63. as
受stands的影响，容易错填fr
注意准确理解文章的真正含义是关键
新课标II卷
39. t
is similar in sme ways ___39___ Rme and Juliet.”受插入语in sme ways的影响，容易填错
善于分析句子的整体，从句子的整体出发，思考问题
42. visibility
visible--visibility比较少见，容易被忽视
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词
全国甲卷
43. what
由于平时模拟考试考查定语从句太多，名词性从句容易被忽视
强化定语从句以外的其他从句
49. largest
语境理解失误
准确理解语境是关键
1月浙江卷
37. r
忽视的用法，缺乏句子的整体意识
对这种题一定要从句子的整体入手，如果忽视整体，很容易误入歧途
39. what
表语从句从句的连接词，注意分析句子成分
强化定语从句以外的其他从句
45. nes
代词的复数容易被忽视
全面复习代词等小词知识
2023
38. r
缺乏整体句子观念，造成的失误，一定注意这个结构的整体意识
提高分析长难句的能力
新高考全国Ⅰ卷
41. t be lifted
由于模拟题考查，不定式的被动式较少，造成失误
全面复习非谓语动词的各种形式
43. a
a tuch f 这个短语用的较少
扩大阅读量，增加见识
45. wanting
wanting作主语补足语，比较难
重点复习非谓语动词
全国乙卷
46. Having visited
对现在分词的完成时理解不到位
重点复习非谓语动词
全国甲卷
43. as
As引导的非限制性定语从句，容易被忽视
非主流的定语从句不可忽视
46. intended
注意：短语be intended fr专门为……设计的，此处作定语
注意由动词的过去分词转化成的形容词的用法
1月浙江卷
61．spacius
比较特殊的词形转换
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词
59．were permitted
permit没有双写造成错误
全面熟记不规则动词表
新高考全国II卷
58. with
此处容易误填为t，注意文章的意思
理解文章意思是根据
60. visiting
此处visiting是形容词，意为：来访的
注意特殊形式的词形变化及意义
时态
时间状语
一般现在时
nw, tday, nwadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, in 2021, the ther day, tw years ag, previusly等
一般将来时
next year, in the future, sn, tmrrw等
现在进行时
nw, at present, at this mment等
现在完成时
since＋时间点，in/ver the past... years, in recent years, fr＋时间段， s far等
过去完成时
by then, by the end f ..., when/befre/after引导的从句等
项目
主语
谓语动词
语法
一致
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number f＋复数可数名词
单数
复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number f＋复数可数名词
复数
(tgether) with, as well as, but, except, alng with, rather than, in additin t, including等连接的主语
与前面主语一致
意义
一致
“the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词
单数
“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词
复数
就近
一致
neither... nr..., either... r..., nt nly... but als..., nt... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
与邻近主语一致
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的lk，expressin，tears，smile，vice等名词。
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式t d的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化，做到查漏补缺。
名词后缀
示例
－er/
－r
annunce→annuncer广播员 cnduct→cnductr指挥；售票员
instruct→instructr 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师
－ment
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据
equip →equipment装备；设备 gvern→gvernment政府
－y
recver→recvery恢复 discver→discvery发现
－ance/
－ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌 perfrm→perfrmance表演；表现
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/
－ture
fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－in/
－tin/
－sin/
crrect→crrectin改正 celebrate→celebratin庆祝
cnclude→cnclusin结论；结束 discuss→discussin讨论；论述
decide→decisin决定 admit→admissin承认；准许加入
permit→permissin允许，许可 invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释 expect→expectatin期望
形容词后缀
示例
－able
enjy vt.享受→enjyable adj.令人愉快的
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
－ed
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的anny vt.使生气→annyed adj. 恼怒的
－ing
cnvince vt.说服，使信服→cnvincing adj.令人信服的
thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
－ful
frget vt.忘记→frgetful adj.健忘的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
－ive
cmprehend v. 理解→cmprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
－ant
tlerate v.容忍→tlerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的
ignre v. 忽视→ignrant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 clur→clurful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的change→changeable 易变的
--us
curage→curageus 勇敢的 mystery →mysterius 神秘的
--al
additin→additinal 附加的glbe→glbal 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 lve→lvely 可爱的
--en
wd→wden 木制的 wl→wlen 羊毛的
--cal
plitics →plitical 政治的 eclgy→ eclgical 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的ignrance→ ignrant 无知的
--cial
cmmerce →cmmercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长
后缀
示例
--y
sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed
balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 clur→clurful 五彩缤纷的
--able
suit →suitable 合适的change→changeable 易变的
--us
curage→curageus 勇敢的 mystery →mysterius 神秘的
--al
additin→additinal 附加的glbe→glbal 全球的
--ly
friend→friendly 友好的 lve→lvely 可爱的
--en
wd→wden 木制的 wl→wlen 羊毛的
--cal
plitics →plitical 政治的 eclgy→ eclgical 生态的
--ant
significance →significant有意义的ignrance→ ignrant 无知的
--cial
cmmerce →cmmercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en
deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长
后缀
例词
－ian/
－ist/
music→ musician音乐家plitics→ plitician政治家
science→ scientist科学家pian→ pianist钢琴家
注意不规则名词的复数，尤其是不要进行错误推理，要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式，很多同学因为类比出现错误，误写成humen。
类别
例词
词尾加-y
clud→cludy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加­ing
surprise→surprising, cnvince→cnvincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, hme→hmeless, clur→clurful/clurless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
cmfrt→cmfrtable, knwledge→knwledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-us
danger→dangerus, curage→curageus, humur→humrus
词尾的-ce变为-t
cnfidence→cnfident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, persn→persnal, natin→natinal, educatin→educatinal, traditin→traditinal
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, lve→lvely
词尾加-en
wd→wden, wl→wlen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fl→flish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如nise→nisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加­ive/­ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, prtect→prtective
类别
例词
形容词＋后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, lud→ludly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, nisy→nisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly)
词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y
terrible→terribly, pssible→pssibly, gentle→gently, prbable→prbably, cmfrtable→cmfrtably, respnsible→respnsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whle→whlly)
词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, autmatic→autmatically
以­e结尾
＋­r/­st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变－y为i，＋­er/­est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母＋­er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加mre/mst
beautiful—mre beautiful—mst beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
gd, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
wrse
wrst
many, much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest
形容词后缀-able
1.能……的；可……的
rely→reliable可信赖的，可依靠的
特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable易变的
admire→admirable可钦佩的
believe→believable可相信的
2.具有……的特点
enjy→enjyable令人愉快的
特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable有价值的
knwledge→knwledgeable有丰富知识的，博学的
人称代词主格
I
we
yu (你)
yu (你们)
he
she
it
they
人称代词宾格
me
us
yu
yu
him
her
it
them
形容词性物主代词
my
ur
yur (你的)
yur (你们的)
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
urs
yurs
yurs
his
hers
its
theirs
单数
myself
yurself
himself, herself, itself
复数
urselves
yurselves
themselves
enjy neself 玩得愉快
cme t neself 苏醒
by neself 独自地
teach neself 自学
devte neself t 致力于……
f neself 自动地
behave neself 举止得体
help neself t 自己取用……
fr neself 为自己
seat neself 坐下
make neself at hme 不拘束
be neself 身心自在