高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空——无提示词的语法填空（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-语法填空——无提示词的语法填空（核心考点精讲精练）（全国通用）（学生版），共57页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题优生考点易错分析， 命题规律及备考策略，【命题预测】，frm等内容，欢迎下载使用。
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1. 高考真题优生考点易错分析
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流，国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。
2．从命题思路上看：
(1)从句中的连接词和并列连词是必考点，是考查的重点和难点；
(2)介词是必考点，要熟悉常用介词及短语的意义和用法；
(3)冠词是常考点，要掌握冠词的基本用法；
(4)其次，无提示词代词是考查频度较小的考点。
【培优策略】
1．熟练掌握定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句和并列句的用法，格外重视名词性从句的用法。
2．熟练掌握冠词的基本用法和意义。
3．熟练掌握常用介词的用法，对特殊介词的掌握是培优的重点。
3.【命题预测】
预计2026从句和介词的用法仍然是命题的重点，冠词常考。复习过程中要熟练掌握从句中的连接词的用法及并列句中的连词用法，熟悉冠词的基本用法。
考点一 考查定语从句
1．确定是定语从句
设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句。当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后再根据先行词在句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。
2．掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be knwn, be reprted, be mentined, be said, be ften the case等。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。
①先行词指人：that/wh/whm/whse；
②先行词指物：that/which/whse；
③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。
①缺少主语：that/which/wh；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/wh/whm；
③缺少定语：whse；
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时；
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all、everything、nthing、smething、few、little、much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the nly、any、the last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2．which与as
考查定语从句中的关系代词
1.（2025年全国一卷）An exhibitin at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwrk inspired by G, r weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ riginated in China mre than 4,000 years ag.
2.（2025年1月浙江高考）Tanya is als lking beynd special-ccasin dresses t less frmal clthing, 63 she plans t package as capsule wardrbes and ffer t travellers, such as thse headed t weddings abrad, with a lnger-term rental perid.
3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute 64 brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
4. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
只用that而不用which的情况
当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nthing that we can d nw.现在我们什么也做不了。
考查定语从句中的关系副词
1.（2025年全国二卷）I was brn and raised in Cleveland, Ohi in the United States. Yet nw, I live in the cuntryside f Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____36____ bamb and tea bushes (灌木) grw wild in the muntains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating desn’t exist.
2.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, 64 all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
3.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a seasn ________ we are learning new rhythms f life，many f us find cmfrt in the natural wrld.
\l "_Tc17630" “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.（2021·天津卷3月改编） William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm ________ we can learn withut repeating them.
2.(2020·江苏卷改编)Many lessns are nw available nline, frm__________students can chse fr free.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whm，且不能省略。
Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn/n which schl educatin depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Many yung peple，mst f whm were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。
The newly-built café， the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
3.（2022年北京卷）That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f ____18____ are nly gd fr ne use.
\l "_Tc17630" 考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, 50 became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
2.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别：
考查定语从句中的所属关系
1.（2023年全国乙卷改编）The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman _________hair clr lked just perfect.
2.（2020年新课标Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist__________paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud.
1.（2026·湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校高三上学期9月考）This character, 12 gender and nine teeth serve as key identifying features, has managed t win the heart f art ty enthusiasts with its unique blend f cuteness and rebellius(反叛的) appeal.
2.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟）The cuple is named after the Chinese wrd kaixin, 43 means happy.
3.（2026·浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考）Fr students cnsidering future careers in technlgy, humanid rbtics represents ne f the mst exciting and prmising fields 109 may transfrm industries and daily life.
4.（2026·安徽省江南十校高三上学期第一次综合素质检测）The mst intense mment came, Wang had nly 31 minutes t transfer (换乘) frm Beijing West Statin t Beijing Suth Statin by subway.
5.（2026·山东省大联考高三上学期10月月考）Rted in classical Chinese philsphy stresses the balance between humans and nature, TCM is increasingly winning the interest f yunger generatins.
考点二 考查名词性从句
宾语从句
1.宾语从句的引导词
①I'm writing t tell yu that my uncle Li Ming is ging t yur city fr a cnference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。
②We prmise whever attends the party will have a chance t have a pht taken with the mvie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。
③I dn't knw whether t set ff fr Beijing r nt.我不知道是否出发去北京。
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。
2．形式宾语【高频再现】
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/cnsider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjy＋it＋从句
(3)短语动词see t/depend n/rely n＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it fr granted that/we it t sb. that＋从句
Mst f us yung men take it fr granted that parents d everything fr us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。
I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
3．宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
表语从句
1.表语从句的引导词
The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier t just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as thugh引导表语从句
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smg cvered the whle city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrwn ver it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句【高频再现】
(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reasn why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
主语从句
1.主语从句的引导词
When the delayed flight will take ff depends much n the weather.
延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。
Where Prfessr Han was brn is knwn t the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。
What struck me mst in the mvie was the father's deep lve fr his sn.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
That they were in truth sisters was clear frm the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。
(2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别：
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the gvernment abut water pllutin.
我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It remains t be seen whether/if this idea can be put int practice.
这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2．形式主语【高频再现】
it作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/tld/reprted等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut，althugh abut tw thusand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It desn't matter whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
\l "_Tc17630" 宾语从句
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Hw did the natinal park system cme abut? On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in 43 is nw nrthwestern Wyming.
2.（2022年1月浙江）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ______ she culd d s remtely.
\l "_Tc17630" 表语从句
1.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）If mst f their custmers are happy t buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll prmte. But that leaves the sl (单独) custmers ut f pcket and disappinted.
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）This is they need an English trainer.
3.(2021·全国甲卷)One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be__________everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them.
\l "_Tc17630" 主语从句
1.（2021新课标I卷）_____________is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
2.(2020·江苏卷)It is nt a prblem__________we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time.
3.Mrever, the silk texture and clur have bth grwn incnsistent makes creating the necessary raw materials and matching the clur difficult. The advanced technlgy is helping them with the restratin.
1． it was pssible t develp a hybrid f self-pllinating plants such as rice was a matter f great debate.
2．It’s quite bvius the aging ppulatin in China will cause a heavy pressure n the whle sciety in the future.
3． Li Bai, a great Chinese pet, was brn is knwn t the public, but sme say it was a different place.
4． is imprtant is that as we enter a new lunar year peple glbally appreciate the cultural values embdied in such Chinese symbls as Lng.
5．（2026·河南省信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三上学期开学）T him, Wudang has nw becme a secnd hme and martial arts and traditinal Chinese culture are his “lifetime passin” settled.
6．In fact, he smetimes des nt even lk like a mnkey. This is he can make 72 changes, turning himself int different animals and bjects.
7．Studying histry can give us insight (洞察力) int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int we knw nw.
考点三 考查状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1．when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(be abut t d... when...,be ding... when...,be n the pint f ,had just ))
Tm was abut t clse the windw when his attentin was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
when还可表原因，意为“既然”。
Hw can I help them t understand when they wn't listen t me?
既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？
2．as sn as, immediately, directly, instantly, the mment, the minute, the instant, n , 和nce(一……就……)，这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The mment I heard the vice, I knew father was cming.
我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
The by burst int tears immediately he saw his mther.
那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
n sner... than..., 的时态搭配：hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把n sner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
He had n sner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝N sner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
3．befre
(1)表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；还没来得及……就……”。
The girl had hardly rung the bell befre the dr was pened suddenly, and her friend rushed ut t greet her.
小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。
Please write it dwn befre yu frget it.
趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
(2)It will be＋一段时间＋befre...多久之后才……。
It is＋一段时间＋since... 自从……多久了。
Jhn thinks it wn't be lng befre he is ready fr his new jb.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
二、条件状语从句
1．通常由if, unless, as(s)lng as, in case(that), nce等连词引导。
Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never becme ttally independent.
除非孩子们相信他们能够成功，否则他们将永远无法完全独立。
2．由n cnditin(that); prvided(that); prviding (that); suppsing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。
Yu can g swimming n cnditin that yu dn't g t far frm the river bank.
只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
三、让步状语从句
1．让步状语从句可由althugh, thugh, as, while, even if(thugh), whenever, whether... r..., n matter wh(when, what...)等引导。
Althugh regular exercise is very imprtant, it's never a gd idea t exercise t clse t bedtime.
尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。
Hwever serius a prblem yu may have, yu shuld gather yur curage t face the challenge.
不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。
2．while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。
While the Internet is f great help, I dn't think it's a gd idea t spend t much time n it.
尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。
[
while也可以用来表对比转折，意为“而，却”。
At schl, sme students are active while sme are shy, yet they can be gd friends with ne anther.
在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。
四、原因状语从句与方式状语从句
1．方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”，as if (thugh)“似乎，好像”等引导。
The huse was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the plice arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。
He acted as if nthing had happened.
他表现得好像什么也没发生。
2．原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, nw that, seeing(that), cnsidering that等引导。
Nw that yu have grwn up, yu must d it by yurself.
既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。
Cnsidering that I have tld yu three times, yu must knw it.
鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。
五、地点状语从句
1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
The little girl wh gt lst decided t remain where she was and wait fr her mther.
这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。
Tday, we will begin where we stpped yesterday s that n pint will be left ut.
今天我们将在昨天停止的地方开始，为的是不漏掉知识点。
2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there's a will, there's a way.
有志者事竟成。
Where(ver) there's plenty f sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。
3．where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别
where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。
When slving the prblem a secnd time, yu'd better be mre careful where yu made a mistake.
＝When slving the prblem a secnd time, yu'd better be mre careful in the place where yu made a mistake.
当你第二次解决这个问题的时候，你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。
六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句
1．目的状语从句。
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有s that，in rder that, fr fear that, in case，lest等。
(1)in rder that与s that。
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in rder that比s that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而s that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
I'll speak slwly s that yu can understand me.
我说慢一点以便你能听懂。
In rder that we might see the sunrise, we started fr the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们很早就向山顶出发了。
(2)fr fear that, in case与lest。
这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(shuld＋)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于s that... nt...或in rder that... nt...。
The by hid himself behind the tree in case/fr fear that his father(shuld) see him.
男孩躲到树后以防被父亲发现。
Take yur raincat in case/lest it (shuld) rain.
带着你的雨衣，以防下雨。
2．结果状语从句。
(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：s that, , 。在非正式语体中，由和引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(s＋形容词/副词＋that从句,s＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋, that从句,s＋many/much/few/little少＋名词＋, that从句))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数形式＋, that从句,such＋形容词＋复数名词/不可数名词＋, that从句,such＋a lt f/lts f＋名词＋that从句))
Mike is such an hnest wrker that we all believe him.
＝Mike is s hnest a wrker that we all believe him.
迈克是如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。
It is such fine weather that we all want t g t the park.
天气如此的好，我们都想去公园。
He earned s little mney that he culdn't supprt his family.
他挣钱太少以至于无法养活家人。
(2)当s或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
S clever a student was he that he was able t wrk ut all the difficult prblems.
他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能算出所有的难题。
六、状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且含有动词be时，可以将从句主语和动词be动词省略。
The schl rules state that n child shall be allwed ut f the schl during the day, unless accmpanied by an adult.
学校规则规定：除非有大人的陪伴，否则任何孩子白天都不允许出学校。
The prblem, if nt carefully dealt with, will cause a lt f damage.
这个问题，如果不小心处理，将会造成重大损失。
The dying man is mving his eyes slwly as if lking fr his family.
这个奄奄一息的人慢慢地转动眼睛好像在寻找家人。
考查状语从句的连词
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)__________he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
2. (北京卷)If yu dn't understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple__________yu figure it ut.
如何确定状语从句
1．确定是状语从句
空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时，应用状语从句的引导词。
2．状语从句的特殊考点要记牢
(1)连词befre的意义及句型
It will be＋一段时间＋befre ...“多久以后才……”；It wn't be＋一段时间＋befre ...“用不了多久就……”。
(2)连词since的意义及句型
It is ＋一段时间＋since引导的时间状语从句＝It has been ＋一段时间＋since引导的时间状语从句。
该固定句型意为“自从……以来，已经多长时间了”。
(3)whether ...，疑问词＋-ever，引导让步状语从句。
(4)where引导地点状语从句。
[
1．when, while, as
(1)when, while, as三者都可以用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
(2)在when和as引导的从句中，谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是终止性动词，而在while引导的从句中，谓语动词只能是延续性动词。
(3)三者中as引导时间状语从句时，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常译为“(正当)……的时候”“随着……”“一边……一边……”等。
2．s ..., such ...
(1)二者都可以引导结果状语从句。s 后中心词为形容词或副词， such后中心词为名词。
(2)若中心词之前有表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时，只能用s。
3.(2018·江苏卷)__________yu can sleep well, yu will lse the ability t fcus, plan and stay mtivated after ne r tw nights.
4.(湖南卷)__________hard yu try, it is difficult t lse weight withut cutting dwn the amunt yu eat.
首先判断是否用连词，与定语从句要区别开来。连词连接的往往是两个完整的句子，其中一个用连词连接，是状语从句。如果其中一个句子中缺少成分，那么就是定语从句，不能用引导状语从句的连词。
考查状语从句的省略
1. (陕西卷)All the phtgraphs in this bk，__________stated, therwise, date frm the 1950s.
2.(全国卷Ⅰ)Film has a much shrter histry, especially when__________(cmpare) t such art frms as music and painting.
状语从句省略后，只剩下不定式(t d)短语、现在分词(ding)短语和过去分词(dne)短语，表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(t d)短语；表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(ding)短语；表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(dne)短语。
1.(2026·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模)At the same time, many traditinal tls like guges (凿子) remain essential, which demnstrates the craft’s respect fr time-hnred methds, 55 mdern tls are gradually being adpted fr efficiency.
2.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）The findings, mstly frm the Yinxu site in Anyang, are f great value 95 present-day written characters can trace their histry t the inscriptins.
3．If yu happen t get lst in the wild, yu’d better stay yu are and wait fr help.
4．In rder we can restre the eclgical (生态的) envirnment, the lcal gvernment launched the “Saihanba Prject”.
5．After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths.
6． the bicycle hasn’t been used fr a while, take it fr a tune-up befre yu take it fr a ride.
考点四 考查并列句及并列连词
1．确定填并列连词
无提示词，空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等；而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系，应填并列连词。
2．两个技巧要熟用
技巧1：关系分析法
分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、bth ...、nt nly (als) ...、neither ...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有r、either ...、nt ...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有s、fr等。
技巧2：句型法
(1)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，如表示顺承用and，表示转折用r。
(2)when作并列连词的常用句型：
Sb be ding sth when ...
Sb be abut t d sth when ...
Sb had (just) dne sth when ...
Hardly ...
1．并列句与定语从句
防止并列句与定语从句混用：并列句由and、but等并列连词连接，句中已有连接词，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small huse, in frnt f ___________stands an range tree.
②They live in a small huse, and in frnt f ___________ stands an range tree.
【解析】两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②中and连接两个并列分句，空处指代前面分句中的a small huse，故填it。
③The ld man has three sns, nne f ___________ is a dctr.
④The ld man has three sns, but nne f ___________is a dctr.
【解析】两句的区别是连词but，句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示人，且其前为介词f，故填whm；句④中but连接两个并列分句，空处指代前面分句中的three sns，故填them。
2．并列句与状语从句
辨清并列句与状语从句：并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而状语从句中前后两个句子，一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
①___________yu take the medicine, yu will be all right.
②Take this medicine, ___________yu will be all right.
【解析】句①空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If；句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。
③ ___________mney is necessary fr a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
④Mney is necessary fr a happy life, ___________it can't buy happiness.
【解析】句③空处所在句子是让步状语从句，故填Althugh/Thugh；句④空处前后是转折关系，故填but。
考查并列和递进关系
1. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) “I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, wh wns a clthing rental shp. “Custmers tday lk past the fact that smething is secndhand and fcus instead n the fact that they have smething unique t wear 59 are nt verstuffing their wn wardrbes (衣柜) r cntributing t landfill.”
2.（2024·新高考II卷）It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language ____45____ see hw Tang’s play was being perfrmed.
考查转折和选择关系
1.(2024·1月浙江卷) Either yur shpping is then t heavy t carry hme 57 yu can’t use what yu’ve bught while it’s still fresh.
2.（2023全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk, 65 smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.
1.（2026·福建省厦门第一中学高三10月月考）Fish lanterns nt nly brighten festivals, bringing blessings f success and auspiciusness year after year, carry frward China’s rich cultural spirit. May their light cntinue t inspire and unite peple fr generatins t cme.
2.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校高三上学期10月月考）Studies f the Galaxy’s (星系) ancient stars ffer sme clues, as d simulatins (模拟), the bservable light frm ur hme galaxy was emitted (发出) t recently t enable astrnmers t examine its beginnings directly.
3.（2026·山东省大联考高三上学期10月月考）In east China’s Zhejiang Prvince, a lcal TCM institutin ffers evening sessins in Yijinjing — a traditinal breathing slw bdy-mving exercise, which quickly became a hit amng wrking yuth. Classes begin at 6 pm and ften run vertime due t ppular demand.
考点五 考查特殊句式
强调结构
1．强调句型。
(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/w＋被强调的部分＋tt/wh＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/wh＋句子其他部分？
He asked what it was that made him s upset.
他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？
强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序。
It was nt until he tk ff his sunglasses that I realized him.
直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他。
(4)句型的强调句型结构为：It is/was nt until...＋that＋句子其他部分。
2．强调谓语动词。
用助动词d，des或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，d还可以用于祈使句。
倒装句
1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldm, rarely, little, few, at n time, by n means, n lnger, , n , nt als..., nt until, nwhere, 等。
Never befre has she seen anybdy wh can play tennis as well as Rbert.
她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。
2．nly＋状语置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。
Only after they had discussed the matter fr several hurs did they reach a decisin.
讨论这个问题数小时后他们才做出决定。
3．作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。
Thrugh the windw came in the sweet music.
从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。
4．结构中的s，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
S frightened was she that she culd nt say a wrd.
她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。
Such great prgress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。
5．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“s/neither/nr＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(s表示肯定意义，neither/nr表示否定意义)。
6．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。
使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是：
(1)句首是单数可数名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。
Pp star as she is, she still needs t imprve.
尽管她已是很受欢迎的歌手，但仍需要提高。
(2)句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Fail as I did, I wuld never give up.尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。
省略句
1．复合句中的省略。
在用as if, if, thugh, when, where, while, n matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
All the phtgraphs in this bk, unless stated therwise, date frm the 1950s.
这本书里的相片，除非有说明，否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。
2．动词不定式符号t的省略及不定式的省略。
在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号t省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号t。
3．s/nt构成替代省略。
英语中还常常用s/nt等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，s/nt多跟在I'm afraid/IpI think/II believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if s/if nt等。
It sunds like smething is wrng with the car's engine. If s, we'd better take it t the garage immediately.
听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。
there be 句型
There be 句型表示“某时间/空间存在/有……”，there本身没有词义，谓语动词be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的时态，可以和情态动词连用。There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, g, exist, fllw, live, cme, ccur, happen t be, appear t be, seem t be , used t be等替换。
Once upn a time there lived an ld fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
There have been many great changes in ur cuntry since then.
从那以后，我国发生了许多巨大的变化。
a．There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。
There is a flwer in the bttle.
瓶中有一朵花。
There are five bks n the desk.
桌上有五本书。
b．若There be句型中主语为并列结构，be的数和人称遵循就近原则。
There is a by, a girl and tw wmen in the huse.
房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。
There are ten students and a teacher in the ffice.
办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。
c. there be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there t be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
I expect there t be n argument abut this.
我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。
I never dreamed f there being any gd chance fr me.
我从没想过会有什么好机会。
There being nthing else t d，we went hme. (there be句型的独立主格结构)
由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。
知识点4 感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
2．hw引导的感叹句
考查强调句型
1. (2025·安徽省高中毕业班第二次联考) It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties ________ the seal’s usage mved frm the imperial t the persnal, due t the expansin f arts.
2.（2025·河南省郑州高三联考） ________ was nly after I heard she became sick that I learned she culdn’t eat meat.
识别强调句的变型
1.当强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，其句式为：主语+谓语+特殊疑问词+it is/was +that+其他。
2.注意宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
3.It was in the park I went fr a walk yesterday I discvered the wallet.
考查倒装句
1.（2025·福建·期中）The highlight is perhaps the central curtyard, inside which (situate) the largest pavilin in the garden designed fr schlarly study.
2.（2025·哈尔滨·开学考试）He als believes that when mre peple knw abut animals can nature be better prtected, fr which he will cntinue t shw the beautiful wildlife t the wrld with his camera.
3.（2025·浙江高三模拟测试） Nt until I returned________I realize that a quiet twn life was the best fr me.
考查省略句
1.When (step) int the exhibitin hall, visitrs will be greeted with bth technlgy and relics.
2.If (interest), just participate and yu will be amazed t experience the cmbinatin f traditin and culture.
状语从句的省略
状语从句省略后，只剩下不定式(t d)短语、现在分词(ding)短语和过去分词(dne)短语，表示“将要做的事情”用不定式(t d)短语；表示“主动的动作”用现在分词(ding)短语；表示“被动且完成的动作”用过去分词(dne)短语。
考查there be句型
1.There (be) neither gas nr electricity at hme, we had t g t the nearest restaurant t have lunch.
2. We dn’t want there (be) any student falling behind.
1.（2026·山东省大联考高三上学期10月月考）“I had decided t study TCM lng befre I tk gaka in 2025,” said Zhang Hnglin, an excited incming freshman at BUCM. “In high schl, I battled against my ankle injuries—
was TCM that finally cured me.”
2.What a pity, my new cmputer desn’t wrk. must be smething wrng with it.
3.The sun and the ma, when (jin) tgether, bth supprt and cntain the neighburing parts.
4.（2025·湖北武汉联考）“By cnnecting past and present, we’re sure that never will these age-ld skills (frget),” Ha says.
考点六 考查冠词的用法
知识点1不定冠词表示泛指
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指：（常考点）
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用，泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前，指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
(4)a用在辅音开头的单词前，an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音】
(5)用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前，表示“每一”，相当于every，each或per。
(6)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，加a或an。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
知识点2 定冠词表特指
①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
When I passed the statin this mrning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时，我看到了一起交通事故。
②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
I applied fr a university in the USA. The university enjys a gd reputatin.我申请了一所美国大学，这所大学享有很好的声誉。
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。
The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大的多。
④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。
He started t play the pian at five.他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。
【高频再现】
①用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths are watching TV nw.史密斯一家正在看电视。
②用于形容词前表示一类人。
the rich, the pr, the ld, the Chinese, the wunded, the injured, the disabled。
③用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。
The first thing yu shuld d is t think it ver and ver again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。
知识点3 短语中的冠词
1．高频短语中的不定冠词
不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如catch a cld、have a fever、all f a sudden、as a matter f fact、as a result、have a gift fr、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a gd knwledge f、a handful f 等。
2．高频短语中的定冠词
①定冠词用在固定搭配中，如at the same time、n the cntrary、t tell the truth、in the distance、make the mst/best f、in the middle f、n the spt等。
②动词(catch/take/hit等)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。
知识点4 句型中的冠词
常考的固定句型中的冠词
1.主语+be+the size/length/width/height+f+被比较的对象
Our building is twice the height f yurs. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。
2.主语+be+the+形容词比较级+f/between...
He is the taller f the tw. 他是两人之中较高的那个。
3. 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级
Spring is the best seasn f the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
4. ne f+the+形容词或副词最高级
The Yellw River is ne f the lngest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。
the ther ...一个，另一个
知识点5 抽象名词具体化中的冠词
①抽象名词具体化，使之具有了“一”的概念。
The huse is full f jy.
The little girl is a jy t her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mther f success.
He is a success. （一个成功的人或物）
He gave me a lt f pleasure.
It is a pleasure t wrk with yu. （一件令人愉快的事情）
She lked up in surprise.
What a great surprise yu gave me. （一件令人惊讶的事情）
Knwledge is pwer.
He has a wide knwledge f animals. （一门…的知识）
He received little educatin/ a gd educatin. （一种…的教育）
②某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用，而变成具体化的名词。例如
I like cffee.
Wuld yu like a cffee? (一杯咖啡)
I has just had lunch.
I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
考查不定冠词表泛指
1.（2025年1月浙江高考）The price f fashin — ecnmically and envirnmentally — has led t the rise f 56 new way f dressing, and it’s beginning t take ff in Australia, t.
2. （2022年全国甲卷） 64 friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
2.有定语从句修饰的名词不一定是特指，有时是泛指。
【经典例题】（2004·福建卷）It is______ wrld f wnders,______ wrld where anything can happen.
A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.不填；不填
【解读】虽然wrld后有定语从句where anything can happen修饰，但任何事情都能发生的那个世界还没到来，是将来的一个世界，具有不确定性，是抽象的，是目前看不到的，所以用不定冠词表泛指，用a。
It is a wrld f wnders, a wrld where anything can happen.
考查定冠词表特指
1. (2023年新高考II卷) Nt the pandas, even thugh 59 language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.
2. (2023年1月浙江高考卷) In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect _____65_____ culture f grassrts Beijingers.
判断泛指和特指的方法
注意泛指还是特指
①如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
②如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填the。
③如果名词后有f短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
考查短语中的冠词
1. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr 61 first time.
2. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat shuld be fresh with 63 tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
考查句型中的冠词
1. （2024年1月浙江高考真题）Then, when yu use ne sectin, 64 ther stays fresh.
2. （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). Cvering an area abut three times 57 size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
考向5 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词
(2021新课标I) While yu’re in China, Munt Huangshan is 65 must t visit!
1.所有学生都知道must是情态动词，意为：必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时，意为：一件必须要做的事。
2.此处考查抽象名词具体化。
1.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校高三上学期10月月考）And the change in the wavelength is determined by the distance the light travels and age f the Universe at the time f emissin.
2.（2026·福建省厦门第一中学高三10月月考）Dancers hld glwing lanterns and mve in harmny, creating the illusin (错觉) f cean f light.
3.（2026·重庆市渝中区等地部分学校高三上学期10月好教育联盟考试）Nwadays, visitrs planning a trip t the Wanglang Natinal Nature Reserve in Pingwu Cunty, Sichuan Prvince, have a great pprtunity t gather infrmatin abut destinatin thrugh mbile apps.
4.（2026·山东省大联考高三上学期10月月考）Once regarded as a less ppular academic path, TCM prgrams have seen nticeable rise in admissin scres acrss the cuntry this year.
考点七 考查介词的意义及用法
知识点1 介词的基本含义及用法
介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)fr表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)thrugh表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。
(6)as介词的用法：①如同，像；②作为，当作
知识点2 介词短语的含义和用法
常考的介词短语
①at＋名词
at a lss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at wrk在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒at the sight f 一看到……at the age f在……岁时in the face f 面对；面临in additin (t)另外；除了in case f 万一in charge f负责；主管in favur f赞成；支持in need f 需要in n time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparatin fr为……作准备in return fr作为回报f help/use 有帮助的/有用的f imprtance重要的n behalf f代表
③by＋名词
by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by frce用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the mnth按月算
④beynd＋名词
beynd cmparisn无与伦比beynd cntrl失控beynd descriptin难以描述beynd dubt毋庸置疑beynd expressin 难以表达beynd (ne's) reach够不到
⑤in＋名词
in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need处于困难中in rder 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in truble 在困难中in use使用中
⑥n＋名词
n a trip在旅行n business出差n display/shw在展出n duty在值班n hliday/vacatin在度假n sale在出售n strike在罢工n the way在途中
⑦ut f＋名词
ut f balance失去平衡ut f cntrl失去控制ut f danger 脱离危险ut f date过期ut f rder出故障ut f wrk失业
⑧under＋名词
under cnsideratin在考虑中under cnstructin在建造中under cntrl在控制之下under discussin在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中
知识点3 介词的特殊含义及用法
介词的特殊含义
1.with的用法
① [表让步]尽管，虽然
With all his mney, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。
With all his effrts, he lst the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
②[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the windw pen. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Dn’t speak with yur muth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
③伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情）
With a sigh, she leant back and clsed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。
The frnt dr clsed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
2.against
①紧靠；倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He std leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
②迎着；逆着
Yu shuld fly yur kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
③映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】
The red flag lks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red huse lks s beautiful against the green wds. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
3.by
①到…为止；不迟于
They had finished the wrk by the end f last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has cme back by nw. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five ’clck this afternn. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接nw时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。
②凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段）
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lck this dr by turning the key twice t the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
③表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词）
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The pliceman tk the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
④表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词）
The number f the students has increased by ne-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her yunger brther by tw inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
4.thrugh
①由于，因为
The thught f smene suffering thrugh a mistake f mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。
②经受；经历
The cuntry has gne thrugh t many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been thrugh a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
5.fr
①支持；赞成（反义词：against）
Are yu fr r against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
I’m all fr the yung enjying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
②就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常）
He’s dne well fr a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。
He is heavy fr a small by. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。
The day is cl fr July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
③对于；至于；关于
Fr her, bks were as necessary t life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。
It wuld be excellent experience fr him t travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
6.frm
①(表示区别、比较)
He is ld enugh t knw right frm wrng. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell ne twin frm the ther. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
②（表示原因）因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed frm laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling frm fear. 他吓得发抖
③(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断)
Frm her lks yu wuld say she was abut twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。
The expressin n his face changed frm sympathy t surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
考查介词的基本含义及用法
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) The Glasshuse stands 63 a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
2.（2024·全国甲卷）They wndered ut lud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.
判断介词的用法
3.（2022•全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially ______ the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019.
4.（2025·安徽省A10联盟高三最后一卷）The lss f interest is understandable, 39 (give) the cmplicated 27-step prcess required t create Dngming grain painting.
考查介词短语的意义及用法
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）“I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, wh wns a clthing rental shp. “Custmers tday lk past the fact that smething is secndhand and fcus instead 58 the fact that they have smething unique t wear and are nt verstuffing their wn wardrbes (衣柜) r cntributing t landfill.”
有些同学看到这个题目后，马上就填了f，他们认为是instead f而且感到熟悉，有语感，但殊不知这是错误的。一定要看句子的整体，其实这个句子的核心是fcus n。
2. (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) “Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut were als Shakespeare’s cncerns. I happen t knw that Tang’s play The Peny Pavilin (《牡丹亭》) is similar in sme ways ___39___ Rme and Juliet.”
判断介词的用法
（1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
（2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
（3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night、n Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be gd at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen t、arrive at、lk fr等。
(4)与动词搭配，如： remind sb f sth“提醒某人某事”；rb sb f sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(5)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by neself “靠自己”。
(6)与形容词搭配，如：be curius abut“对……感到好奇”；be prud f “因……而自豪”。
(7)其他搭配，如：nt ...“直到……才……”；frm ...“从……到……”；between ... “在……和……之间”。
考查特殊介词的意义和用法
1.（2021浙江卷1月）The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1 in wmen and men.
2.（2015·浙江·变型练）3. Have yu ever heard f the trees that are hmes animals bth n land and sea?
A. abut B. t C. with D. ver
1.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校高三上学期10月月考）When astrnmers bserve distant galaxies, they see light that was emitted billins f years ag, because it takes time light t travel acrss space t their telescpes.
2.（2026·福建省厦门第一中学高三10月月考）Fish lanterns, knwn as yudeng in Chinese, are vibrant flk-art pieces deeply rted in China’s cultural heritage. Originating(riginate) frm ancient traditins, these lanterns symblize “abundance year after year” — a play wrds, as the Chinese wrd fr “fish” sunds like “surplus”.
3.（2026·重庆市渝中区等地部分学校高三上学期10月好教育联盟考试）The authr, Li Xinrui, is a patrlman (巡护员) at Wanglang. nly a middle schl educatin, Li has develped a deep understanding f the natural wrld thrugh self-study and his daily wrk.
4.（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三上学期10月联考）Adpting a bilingual marketing strategy helped her tap int verseas markets, bsting sales 50 percent within a year.
5.（2026·安徽省江南十校高三上学期第一次综合素质检测）Unfrtunately, when D5122 pulled int Yibin, it was indeed late—but nly by 2 minutes. As the drs pened and Wang stepped nt the platfrm, his watch shwed just 40 secnds remaining—an exciting margin (差距) success and failure.
考点八 考查 没有提示词的代词用法
知识点1通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
①如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，用it；
②如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况，用it；
③如果作形式主语或形式宾语，用it；
④某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句，此时需先用it作形式宾语，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend n、rely n、cunt n、see t等。
知识点2指示代词用法
知识点3 常考不定代词的含义及用法
1. 两者与三者
有些不定代词只用于表示两个人或两个事物，它们是bth, either和neither；而有些不定代词则只用于指三个或三个以上的人或事物，它们是all, any, nne和every。在使用时千万不要弄混了。
each既可用于两者，也可用于三者或三者以上，而every只用于三者或三者以上，所以当用于两者时，只能用each，不能用every。比如要表示“路的每一边”，我们要说成each side f the rad，但不能说成every side f the rad，因为“路”只有两个side。但是，如果说“广场的每一边”，我们就可以说every side f the square，因为“广场”一般都有四个side。
2. 复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由sme, any, every, n后接thing, ne, bdy等构成的一类代词，它们包括 smething, smebdy, smene, anything, anybdy, anyne, nthing, nbdy, n ne, everything, everybdy, everyne 等。它们在句中通常只用作主语、宾语或表语，不能直接用于名词前作定语。
smene不能用于名词man前作定语，况且从意义上看，smene已经表示“某人”或“有人”，在它后面接man显然是多余的。
注意，复合不定代词虽然不能用作定语，但是它们可以定语的修饰，此时要注意将修饰它们定语放在它们后面，而不是前面。如：
There’s nthing wrng with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
句中的wrng是修饰nthing的定语，但只能说成nthing wrng，不能说成wrng nthing。
还有一点要注意，就是anyne, everyne 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接f 短语。若是指物或后接 f 短语，可用 any ne, every ne (即分开写)。
3. all, every与each
从意思上看，all表示“所有的”，every表示“每个”，each也表示“每个”，它们都可以用来概括全体，但是它们的强调重点有所不同：all主要用来整体性地考虑总体，every 是考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近)，而each则是逐个逐个地考虑总体。
从用法上看，all和each既可以单独使用，也可以后接名词，还可后接f短语；而every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接 f 短语。如：
从指代数量上看，each可用于指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every只能指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each。如：
考查it的用法
1.（2025·江西省南昌县莲塘第一中学检测） I hate when she calls me at wrk — I’m always t busy t carry n a cnversatin with her.
2. is a pity that yu shuld miss such a gd pprtunity t braden yur view. (用适当的词填空)
通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it
如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend n/see t...＋it＋从句。
考查不定代词的用法
1. (2024年1月浙江卷)Wh knws, perhaps sme f the mre frward-lking (ne) may yet cme ut with a whle range f “just fr yu” pack sizes with special ffers as well.
2.（2025·江苏省盐城市高三月考）New laws are made as new situatins develp such as created by advances in technlgy r changes in scietal attitudes.
通过分析指代意义确定替代词
1.指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that，若指代复数形式用thse；
2. 指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用ne，若指代复数形式用nes。
3.(2024天津3月卷改编)I really want t g t a place fr the summer vacatin, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture.
看清句式，理清范围，确定代词
1.两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用bth；
2.三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用nne; 三者或三者以上都选用all；
3.其他：若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用anther；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the ther；若表示“其余的，另外的”，在名词前用ther; 若不跟名词且指代复数， 用thers。
1.（2025·山东省实验中学高三四诊）T give full play t family gatherings, the Spring Festival lasts fr 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival. Many peple cnsider a great pprtunity t taste traditinal cuisine such as dumplings, sticky rice cakes, and fried meatballs, and share the jy f the festival with their lved nes.
2.Yung peple tday may find difficult t be accustmed t life withut the Internet.
3.I’d appreciate if yu culd give me sme advice n hw t adapt t my new surrundings.
4.Sharing yur srrwful feelings with the ne yu trust can be beneficial t ______ yur physical and mental health.
5.It is wise f yu t give up yur pssessins (财产) in the fire because ________ is mre imprtant than life.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2026·湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校高三上学期9月考）Yet debates n verspending and gambling-like tendencies tied 17 the mdel exist.
2.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）Fr Burus, cming t China was nt just a language learning pprtunity but a chance t experience a culture beauty attracted her frm afar.
3.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）Red lanterns swayed in the wind, papercuttings adrned windws spirited cuplets decrated drways.
4.（2026·安徽省六安第二中学高三上学期10月月考）Befre leaving China earlier this year after she finished tw semesters f a language-learning prgram, she left behind a wish bttle buried n campus, cntaining her desire t becme a bridge fr cultural exchanges Türkiye and China.
5.（2026·四川省绵阳市高三英语第一学月模拟）A giant panda family living in the Seac Pai Van Park in China’s Maca Special Administrative Regin (SAR) has becme a cherished surce f jy fr the residents, as well as an emtinal bnd the SAR and the mainland.
6.(2026·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三一模)Tday, wdcarving, aim is t encurage new generatins f craftsmen, adapts t mdern trends when preserving traditin, standing a living example f human creativity and cultural cntinuity.
7.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Eating and nutritin are linked and vital fr gd health. Prper nutritin invlves eating varius fds rich essential nutrients (营养物).
8.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）These include eating slwly, listening t the bdy’s hunger and fullness signals, creating a calm eating envirnment.
9.（2026·浙江省嘉兴市高三上学期9月月考）Overall, mindful eating can be effective tl fr imprving ne’s physical health.
10.（2026·广东省中山市第一中学高三第二次模拟预测）In recent years, Huangchuan has actively expanded its ndle industry, aiming t achieve bth scial and ecnmic benefits. Liu’s cmpany alne perates a 5,200-square-meter standardized facility with annual prductin capacity f 3,000 tns.
11.（2026·湖南省长沙市实验中学高三上学期第二次阶段性考试）Cheng Sha xuan, prfessr and head f the research center, pints ut that “rejining” f scattered racle bne fragments, may exist in different places, is als a fcal (核心的) wrk.
12.（2026·浙南名校联盟高三上学期十月联考） successful Beijing marathn serves as bth a testament t hw far we have cme and s preview f the remarkable innvatins still t cme.
13.（2026·安徽省江南十校高三上学期第一次综合素质检测）At end f his jurney, Wang thught highly f the pwer f China’s high-speed railway system, whse rapid develpment high efficiency made the impssible pssible.
14.（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三上学期10月联考）Since 2023, Wu Yuyan has created ver 200 bilingual (双语的) shrt vides, bsting the glbal prfile f Haiku’s vlcanic lychees (荔枝) and prving that digital glbalizatin can breathe new life int traditinal farming.Wu, frmer media prfessinal, entered agriculture in 2022 after sptting inefficiencies in the lychee supply chain.
15.（2026·辽宁名校联盟高三上学期10月联考）Wu fcused her shrt-vide prmtin and livestream sales effrts n TikTk and RedNte. Fllwing ne vide featured a Russian visitr trying the fruit, the sales rcketed (rcket) up vernight.
16.（2026·福建省福州第一中学高三上学期10月月考）Originally cnstructed arund 256 BCE by the State f Qin as an irrigatin and fld cntrl system, Dujiangyan is a remarkable example f ancient engineering skill and is still use tday.
17.（2026·福建省福州第一中学高三上学期10月月考）If yu visit Dujiangyan, yu will see an unusual cnstructin lks like a fish’s muth.
18.（2026·福建省福州第一中学高三上学期10月月考）Recgnised as UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing flds fr ver 2,000 years.
19.（2026·重庆市渝中区等地部分学校高三上学期10月好教育联盟考试）The man had spent a decade wandering in different regins f the cuntry he finally discvered his true calling and passin in his hmetwn.
20.（2026·福建省厦门第一中学高三10月月考）In castal regins like Fujian and Zhejiang, fish lantern dances are central t the ceremny hnrs sea gds and celebrates harvests.
21.（2026·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校高三上学期10月月考）One way arund this prblem is t study ther galaxies resemble the Milky Way. Astrnmers investigate a distant galaxy with a mass that matches the expected mass f the Milky Way shrtly after its frmatin in the early Universe.
1.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词） 或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·湖北省新八校协作体高三上学期10月月考）
China held a military parade at Tian’anmen Square in Beijing n September 3rd 1 (celebrate) the 80th anniversary f the victry in the Chinese Peple’s War f Resistance Against Japanese Aggressin and the Wrld Anti-Fascist War.
During the parade, mre than 10,000 military persnnel, alng with ver 100 aircraft and hundreds f grund weapns, 2 (rganize) int 45 frmatins fllwing a wartime cmmand structure. Mst f the Peple’s Liberatin Army’s new supprt and weapn systems were put 3 display fr the first time, 4 (demnstrate) China’s capability fr independent innvatin in weapn develpment. All the weapns and equipment are 5 (dmestic) prduced, featuring higher strike precisin, imprved battlefield adaptability, and greater effectiveness.
The Chinese peple made significant cntributins t the defense f wrld peace, which cnstituted 6 imprtant part f the Wrld Anti-Fascist War. The parade was nt meant as a shw f frce, 7 as a reminder f histry and ur dedicatin t peace.
Peple frm all walks f life acrss China felt a deep sense f pride and respnsibility while watching the grand military parade. Wu Jiani, a plice fficer, remarked that the cmmemratin was s deeply mving 8 she felt a strng emtinal bnd with thse wh lived eighty years ag. “ 9 (inspire) by the dedicatin f wartime heres, we will cntinue t serve the peple with the same 10 (cmmit) ur sldiers demnstrated during the war,” she added.
2.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。（2026·四川省天府新区实外高级中学高三上学期10月考）
China recently shared exciting news abut its space explratin effrts, and revealed the names f its manned lunar lander and a new crew spaceship. This develpment marks 1 imprtant step in the natin’s effrts 2 (explre) uter space. The lunar lander is named Lanyue, 3 means “embracing (拥抱) the mn”. This chice reflects the dream and cnfidence f the Chinese peple in their space explratin effrts.
The crew spaceship has been named Mengzhu, r Dream Vessel, 4 (indicate) its rle in realizing the dream f landing n the mn and explring newfrntier s in space. Mengzhu will have tw versins: ne fr explring the mn and the ther fr trips between Earth 5 the Tiangng space statin, and the latter takes ver the duties frm the current Shenzhu spaceship.
These names, Lanyue and Mengzhu, were selected 6 (careful) frm nearly 2,000 suggestins by the public t shw the wide 7 (participate) and interest f the Chinese peple 8 their cuntry’s space missins. China plans t send its first manned missin t the mn arund 2030. The Lanyue lander is designed with a landing and prpulsin (推进) sectin t carry tw astrnauts t the mn. The Mengzhu spacecraft, designed fr space travel, 9 (include) a reentry mdule fr the astrnauts and a service mdule 10 (equip) with pwer and prpulsin systems.
3.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·广东六校联盟高三上学期第二次联考）
China Fcus: China’s upscale ice creams melting hearts f cnsumers
Once just a simple way t cl ff, ice cream is seeing a surge f new varieties t meet the expanding tastes and preferences f Chinese cnsumers since its first appearance.
On the Chinese lifestyle-sharing app knwn internatinally as RedNte, many users have psted appealing images f upscale ice creams 1 varius shapes, ranging frm blming flwers t fresh fruits, each f 2 is the result f delicate craftsmanship. 3 (cmment) such as “adrable” and “t pretty t eat” are very cmmn in these psts.
Favred by tday’s cnsumers, especially yung peple, such ice creams 4 (becme) cmmnplace in suvenir shps at turist attractins acrss China since their first appearance. Handan Museum, a well-knwn turist site in Hebei in April intrduced creative ice creams that drew inspiratin frm tw precius artifacts 5 (huse) in the museum. “Blind bxes” cntaining randmly flavred ice creams are als n sale t attract custmers. The museum’s ice creams have been 6 hit amng visitrs since their launch, with ver 100 sld daily this summer. Fd industry analyst Zhu Danpeng believes the 7 (emerge) f these visually appealing ice creams reflects a thirst fr emtinal and 8 (spirit) well-being in cnsumptin.
The shift t healthy eating has spurred changes in the industry. Traditinal ice cream makers are adjusting their ingredients 9 unveiling new prducts in respnse t evlving needs, while new brands are winning custmers by labeling themselves as prducers f handcrafted and 10 (fresh) made ice creams.
1. (2021·全国甲卷)One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be__________everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them.
2.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way 58 will make them the mst mney.
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
4.（2020新课标I卷）Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
5．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia,” add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare’s hmetwn.
6.（2023·全国甲卷）Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fable. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
7.（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ______ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
8.（2020年1月浙江卷）A child brn in the US tday has ____63_____very realistic chance f living beynd 100 and needs t plan accrdingly.
9.（2025·八省联考卷）1.Tday, mre than 70 cuntries have included the Chinese language in their educatin systems. Chinese plays an increasingly imprtant rle in imprving cmmunicatin and cperatin between China and 44 rest f the wrld.
10．(2021·全国甲卷) It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all ___48___ way arund the Xi'an City Wall.
11.(2022年新高考II卷) ___57___ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt.
12.（2022年1月浙江高考卷）The tactile(可触知的)paintings wrk as a way t shw art t ___59___ blind because we dn’t see with just Our eyes: We see with ur brains.
13.（2023•1月新高考浙江卷）Hutngs represent an imprtant cultural element f the city f Beijing. Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry ________ capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric events.
14.（2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）There yu will find them prepared differently—mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rlled.
年份
试卷类别
题型
优生易错题
错误原因分析
解决方案
2025
全国I卷
语法填空
59.guide易错
不规则词形转换，拼写错误
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词
62.by易错
考查by表示差值的用法，容易被忽视
培优注重没考过的，比较重要的知识点，不留死角。
64.and易错
文章最后一段就是一个句子，是一个长难句，在加上前面有个and，导致考生受到干扰，不考虑并列关系。
分析长难句是培优的重要任务，要天天练，坚持不懈。
全国II卷
60. myself
反身代词容易被忽视
代词复习要全面
64. afternns
这个名词复数比较少见，容易被忽视
增加文章的阅读量，扩展视野是培优的关键
1月浙江卷
58．n
and fcus instead 58 the fact 受instead的影响，容易错填f
注意分析句子结构，and前后并列关系
59．and
句中连续出现and，感到有些费解
分析句子结构，分析长难句的能力
64．peple’s
名词所有格平时模拟考试考查较少，这个空容易被误填为名词复数
全面复习，不留死角才能让优生脱颖而出
2024
新课标I卷
56. engineering
名词到名词的词形转换，此处是名词作定语，出现比较少，容易被忽视
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词，扩大阅读量，开阔视野
60. walks
此处walk用法特殊，用作及物动词
全面理解词汇的多种含义，注重一词多义
63. as
受stands的影响，容易错填fr
注意准确理解文章的真正含义是关键
新课标II卷
39. t
is similar in sme ways ___39___ Rme and Juliet.”受插入语in sme ways的影响，容易填错
善于分析句子的整体，从句子的整体出发，思考问题
42. visibility
visible--visibility比较少见，容易被忽视
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词
全国甲卷
43. what
由于平时模拟考试考查定语从句太多，名词性从句容易被忽视
强化定语从句以外的其他从句
49. largest
语境理解失误
准确理解语境是关键
1月浙江卷
37. r
忽视的用法，缺乏句子的整体意识
对这种题一定要从句子的整体入手，如果忽视整体，很容易误入歧途
39. what
表语从句从句的连接词，注意分析句子成分
强化定语从句以外的其他从句
45. nes
代词的复数容易被忽视
全面复习代词等小词知识
2023
38. r
缺乏整体句子观念，造成的失误，一定注意这个结构的整体意识
提高分析长难句的能力
新高考全国Ⅰ卷
41. t be lifted
由于模拟题考查，不定式的被动式较少，造成失误
全面复习非谓语动词的各种形式
43. a
a tuch f 这个短语用的较少
扩大阅读量，增加见识
45. wanting
wanting作主语补足语，比较难
重点复习非谓语动词
全国乙卷
46. Having visited
对现在分词的完成时理解不到位
重点复习非谓语动词
全国甲卷
43. as
As引导的非限制性定语从句，容易被忽视
非主流的定语从句不可忽视
46. intended
注意：短语be intended fr专门为……设计的，此处作定语
注意由动词的过去分词转化成的形容词的用法
1月浙江卷
61．spacius
比较特殊的词形转换
全面熟记课标中有词形转换的词
59．were permitted
permit没有双写造成错误
全面熟记不规则动词表
新高考全国II卷
58. with
此处容易误填为t，注意文章的意思
理解文章意思是根据
60. visiting
此处visiting是形容词，意为：来访的
注意特殊形式的词形变化及意义
关系词
which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的
限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、knw、expect、remember等
意思上
意为“这一点”
表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, wh, whm，which，whichever，whatever, whever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, hw, why
在从句中作状语
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, wh, whm, which，whichever, whatever，whever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where, hw, why
在从句中作状语
引导词
作用
连接词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词
what, wh, whm，which, whichever，whatever, whever
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词
when, where，hw, why
在从句中作状语
名词性从句中that与what的区别：
引导名词性从句既可以用that，也可以用what。两者的区别在于that在句中不作成分，what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
whether与if引导主语从句的区别：
主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the gvernment abut water pllutin.
我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It remains t be seen whether/if this idea can be put int practice.这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。
what & that在名词性从句中的用法：
that是从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。
I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。
there be句型的常考句型：
There is n pint/sense (in) ding sth.做某事没有意义
There is n dubt that...毫无疑问……
There is n need (fr sb.) t d sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (n) difficulty/truble in ding/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (n) pssibility f (ding) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能
what引导的感叹句
示例
What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What a gd heart yu have!你的心肠真好！
What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
What interesting stries he's tld us!
他给我们讲的故事真有趣！
hw引导的感叹句
示例
Hw＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
Hw clever the by is!这个男孩多么聪明啊！
Hw＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
Hw clever a by he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！
Hw＋主语＋谓语！
Hw time flies! 光阴似箭！
1.针对nt…until…句型进行强调，要把nt一并提前，构成“It is/was nt until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。”
2.注意用于强调句型就不能把Nt until….倒装句式混用。
1.有些句子特别复杂，把强调句型和定语从句融合在一起，其句式为：It is/was+被强调部分+定语从句+that/wh+其他。
2.解题时注意断句，把定语从句视为一个整体单位来理解。
1.nly修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，句子（主句）采用部分倒装语序。
2.nly修饰状语从句时，注意主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。
1.Nt until…句型位于句首，句子采用倒装语序。注意until从句不倒装。
2.nt/never/hardly….until…构成否定句式，主句谓语动词用瞬时性动词。
3.后接名词短语时，until用作介词；后接从句时，until用作连词。
忽略介词的核心意义（语境中介词的基本用法）
仔细分析句子结构，句子的逻辑意思即可推知常用介词的基础含义。
具体步骤如下:
第一步：观察设空处为无提示词，根据句法确定为介词。
第二步：理清句子成分，合理翻译句意，推知介词的核心意义。
第三步：根据介词的基础用法即可填写答案。
忽略设空处前后词的搭配（固定短语错用）
观察设空处前后，如果考查固定短语中的介词，设空前一两个词中会出现相关动词。如是形容词短语中的介词，则仍需在设空前寻找线索。其后也会出现固定搭配中的若干词语。故瞻前顾后需谨慎。
具体步骤如下:
第一步：观察设空处为无提示词，根据句法功能判断为介词。
第二步：根据空格处前后有无出现含有介词的固定搭配，仔细鉴别句意。
第三步：推敲得出结论。
在解答介词题时，应当重点关注设空处前后内容和句意。如果空格后有名词、代词或动名词，且这些词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，那么该空大概率填介词。介词1.考查介词短语的具体意义。2.考查介词与其前面的动词构成的固定短语的具体含义。
注意出处given不是过去分词是介词，其意思是：考虑到。
典型用法
典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物
--Where's yur car?--It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿？--在车库里。
Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案，把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词
The ppulatin f China is larger than that ne. 中国人口比日本多。
The weather f Beijing is clder than that f Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
thse特指上文提到的复数名词
The huses in Zhengzhu are cheaper than thse in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
ne泛指上文提到的可数名词，前有定语
I lst my ld camera; this is a new ne. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。
I'd like an apple. Are yu having ne, t? 我想买吃苹果，你也要吗？
nes代替泛指的复数名词
Green apples ften taste better than red nes. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the ne特指上文提到的单数名词
This schl is the ne we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。
Our huse is the ne next t the schl. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the nes特指上文提到的复数名词
Dn’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper nes.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。