专题08 推理判断题（知识清单）（含答案）2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）

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01推理判断题五年高考考情统计
02推理判断题五年高考考情解读
1.命题趋势
①深度理解要求提高：不再单纯考查对表面文字的理解，而是更注重考生对文章深层含义、作者隐含意图和态度等的挖掘，需要考生基于文本信息进行合理的逻辑推理和判断。例如，通过文中人物的具体行为和语言来推断其性格特点、心理状态等。
②强调语篇整体理解：常要求考生整合全文或多个段落的信息进行综合推断，不能仅依靠某一句话或某一段内容。如根据文章不同段落中对事件的描述，推断事件发展的后续走向或最终结果。
③文化背景考查融入：随着选材更加注重原汁原味的英语文章，涉及的文化背景知识增多，考生需要具备一定的文化常识和跨文化交际意识，才能准确理解文章并做出合理推断。比如对一些西方文化习俗、社会现象等背景知识的了解，有助于理解相关文章并推理出正确答案。
2.语篇选材
①选材多元化：题材涵盖日常生活、科技、文化、社会、经济等各个领域，紧跟时代热点，如人工智能、环境保护、社交媒体影响等。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，每种体裁都有其独特的推理判断考查点。
②语篇难度提升：词汇量有所增加，可能会出现一些超纲词汇但可通过上下文推测词义，语句结构更加复杂多样，长难句增多，对考生的语言理解能力和分析能力提出更高要求。
3.设题方式
①设题方式灵活：题干的表述更加多样化，不再局限于传统的“infer”“imply”“suggest”等词，可能会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“Based n the passage, what can we learn abut...”“What des the authr want t cnvey thrugh...”等。
②选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计更加巧妙，可能会出现与原文部分内容相似但存在细节偏差的情况，或者是符合常识但与文章内容无关的选项，以及过度推理、以偏概全的选项等，需要考生仔细甄别。
③推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。
4.命题特点
特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、wh、why、hw等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?（2025全国二卷，隐含含义题）
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题）
35. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题）
31. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题）
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题）
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题）
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题）
29. Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题）
03推理判断题五年高考考点分类
04推理判断题五年高考选项特点
1.正确选项特征
2.干扰选项特征
05阅读理解满分突破思维导图
01 隐含推断题——据文推理法
1.设题特点
隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),cnclude(得出结论)和 assume(假定,设想)。
2.思维导图
02 隐含推断题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷第29题)
While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children….
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these. ..
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
…
29. What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A. Keep their cities livable.
B. Prmte cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.
D. Make expressways accessible.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners, trying t d。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章第三段“Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacbs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2024新课标II卷第30题)
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm(BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
...
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins(排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
30. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, cncluded,BMF emplyees。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives.”及“We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
03 观点态度题——忠于措辞法
1.设题特点
所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
2.思维导图
3.高频词汇
04观点态度题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2024全国甲卷阅读C篇片段)
…
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke’s attitude，the Saint Lukas’ services。
第二步：根据关键词定位到最后一段的“I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. (“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度。关键词有very impressed, staying fcused and very cncerned, the best chance fr many rural peple等。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2023全国乙卷第29题)
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. …
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd…
29. Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, best describes, ckery prgramme n British TV。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第二段的“It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
跟踪训练3 (2023全国乙卷第35题)
…
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the authr’s attitude，Navajas’ studies。
第二步：根据关键词定位到根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。关键有resulted in a glbal reductin in errr，the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
05写作手法题——行文逻辑法
1.命题形式
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph? (2025全国一卷)
34. What is the functin f the quted statements in paragraph 4? (2024九省联考卷)
2.思维导图
3.解题策略
①根据文章题材来判断。
记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
②根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
06写作手法题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷第32题)
Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
…
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Hw, present the issue, the first paragraph。
第二步：根据题干关键词定位到第一段内容“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。温馨提醒：关注破折号和冒号解释说明作用。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练2 (2021八省联考卷第30题)
Tw basic magic tricks are making bjects seem t appear and making bjects seem t disappear. A cmbinatin f these tw tricks makes fr sme interesting effects. Fr example, the magician puts a small ball under ne f several cups. The ball then seems t jump frm ne cup t anther r t change clur. What actually happens is that the magician, emplying quick hand mvements r a mechanical device, hides ne ball. While ding this he talks t the audience and waves a brightly clured clth with ne hand. The audience is t busy watching the clth and listening t the magician’s wrds t ntice that his ther hand is hiding the ball.
Anther favurite trick is t cut r burn smething, and then make it appear whle again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut r burned bject disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches smething else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whle again by displaying(展示) anther bject that has nt been cut r burned.
30. What des the authr fcus n in the last tw paragraphs?
A. Prviding examples. B. Making a summary.
C. Drawing cmparisns. D. Explaining a cncept.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the authr, fcus n, the last tw paragraphs。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据关键词定位信息句“Fr example, the magician puts a small ball under ne f several cups. The ball then seems t jump frm ne cup t anther r t change clur.”和“What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut r burned bject disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches smething else.”可知,作者在举例子。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
01 写作意图题——文体特点法
1.设题特点
各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
2.思维导图
02写作意图题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2024新课标II卷第35题)
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin(变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. …
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. …
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
35. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI. B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI. D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词：What, the authr’s purpse, writing the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:第一段:介绍新书《人工智能设计》；第二段:介绍本书作者的背景；第三、四段:概述书中的主要论点、观点及意义；第五段:进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2025八省联考第27题)
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds, just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n. …
After mre than three decades, Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther. He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day. …
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a respected mail carrier. B. T recrd an unfrgettable experience.
C. T raise funds fr the pstal service. D. T call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词：What, the authr’s purpse, writing the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
03文章出处题——体裁内容法
1.设题特点
文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。
2.思维导图
04文章出处题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2023新课标II卷第28题)
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld...
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. ...
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect(才智),wealth r faith f the a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader...
28. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk. B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum. D. A review f mdern paintings.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词：Where, the text, mst prbably taken frm。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld...”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘bk f bks,’...”可知,文章描述了这本书的主题和内容,很有可能是一本书的序言或者简介。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷第21题)
【原文】 Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
…
Late Wrk
…
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Where, this text, prbably taken frm。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练3 (2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题)
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
…
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
27. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the text。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
05预测下段题——文末推断法
1.解题策略
考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略：
①从最后一段入手。有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。
②从第一段入手。实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。
2.解题步骤
①做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
②划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
③错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
06预测下段题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2023全国乙卷第33题)
【原文】Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
33. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies f big eaters.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the authr, cntinue talking abut。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练2 (2011安徽卷第63题)
【原文】Fr many centuries, peple used windmills t grind (磨碎) wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund when electricity was discvered in the 1ate 1800s,peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity. This al1wed them t peple in almst all1 areas f the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
63. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the authr, prbably discuss, in the paragraph that fllws。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章最后一段的“During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
07 人/物特征推断题——抓关键词法
1.解题方略
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
2.描写人物特征的形容词
generus慷慨的brave勇敢的determined有决心的mdest谦虚的creative有创造力的ambitius有雄心的demanding要求高的impatient不耐烦的utging外向的cperative 有合作意识的hnest诚实的easy-ging随和的rganized有条理的capable有能力的,有才能的cnfident自信的diligent勤奋的vluntary 自愿的energetic精力旺盛的humrus幽默的mdest谦虚的ptimistic乐观的cautius小心谨慎的caring乐于助人的;关心他人的respnsible负责任的enthusiastic热情的
3.描写事物特征的形容词
experienced有经验的intelligent聪明的grateful感激的helpful有帮助的talkative健谈的athletic爱体育运动的innvative创新的tlerant忍受的cmmitted坚信的cnsiderate体贴的ashamed惭愧的regretful后悔的disappinted失望的amazed吃惊的satisfied满意的disappinted失望的shcked震惊的sympathetic同情的hardwrking勤劳的embarrassed尴价的curageus勇敢的independent独立的sensitive敏感的
08 人/物特征推断题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1(2025浙江1月卷第27题)
…
Allwing kids t eat what they want als expses them t the natural cnsequences f their decisins. “When yur child says, ‘My stmach hurts,’ yu can say, ‘Well yu had a lt f sugary fds and yu might feel better if yu made sme ther chices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have sme cntrl ver it.”
I’ve been trying ut these strategies and I’ve fund that when I’m less restrictive, they d make better decisins. “Feeding is a lng game,” says Markey. “The fd yu have available makes a huge difference. Even if they dn’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all f a sudden it clicks.”
27. What des the authr think f the strategies she has been fllwing?
A. Cstly.B. Cmplex.C. Wrkable. D. Cntradictry.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the authr, think f, the strategies she has been fllwing。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章最后一段提到作者一直在尝试这些策略，并发现当自己限制少一些时，孩子们确实能做出更好的决定，说明作者认为这些策略是有效的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。cstly成本高的cmplex复杂的wrkable可行的cntradictry自相矛盾的。
跟踪训练2(2025浙江1月卷第30题)
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
…
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, best describes, Piet Oudlf’s gardens。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第三段中的adding artistic flavrs、playing with clr and frm、Beautiful、enjy the smallest detail、the sund f grasses、the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudlf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、beautiful、enjy的概括。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。traditinal传统的dd-lking看起来古怪的tasteful雅致的well-prtected保存完好的。
跟踪训练3(2024新课标I卷第24题)
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (兽医) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine – cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
…
24. What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him?
A. He’s dd.B. He’s strict.C. He’s brave.D. He’s rude.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, best describes, Piet Oudlf’s gardens。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
01 阅读推理判断题答题误区
1.主观臆断：脱离文本逻辑
误区表现：考生常依据个人常识或主观情感进行推断，忽视原文线索。例如 2024 年全国甲卷第 31 题问及 Ducke 对医疗列车服务的态度时，部分考生因“农村医疗资源匮乏”的常识误选“同情”，而忽略原文impressed by the dctrs, best chance等直接褒义表述，正确答案应为Appreciative。
2. 过度推断：曲解隐含意义
误区表现：将作者未明确表达的观点强行延伸。如 2022 年全国卷关于新材料的说明文，部分考生从“广泛应用”过度推断出“已大规模商业化”，而原文仅提及ptential applicatins。干扰项特征：选项常包含must, never等绝对化表述，或通过偷换概念（如将“节水”改为“解决干旱”）制造陷阱。
3. 事实复述：混淆推断与细节
误区表现：误将原文直接陈述的事实作为推断结论。例如 2023 年全国乙卷关于烹饪节目影响的题目，选项“男性厨师增多改变社会观念”直接对应原文male chefs n TV make cking cl fr bys，但正确答案需从“节目增加烹饪兴趣”推断出“促进饮食文化传播”。
4. 逻辑颠倒：因果/顺序混淆
误区表现：颠倒事件因果或时间顺序。如 2024 年新高考 II 卷关于气候变化的阅读中，部分考生将“极端天气导致人兽冲突”理解为“冲突引发气候变化”，忽视as we learn abut specific incidents, we can identify patterns的因果关系表述。
5. 文体误判：忽视体裁特征
误区表现：议论文中混淆作者观点与引用观点，说明文误判写作目的。例如 2023 年浙江卷关于生态设计的文章，部分考生将“展示应用案例”的说明目的误判为“批判传统技术”，正确答案应紧扣eclgical design的功能性介绍。
02 阅读推理判断题误区应对
1.精准定位，避免主观臆断​
许多考生在做推理判断题时容易犯主观臆断的错误，脱离原文仅凭自身感觉答题。以2023年全国乙卷中关于不同医生的题目为例，题目询问Tan Yunxian与其他从业者的不同之处。正确的做法是，抓住Tan Yunxian 这个关键词，迅速回到原文中与之相关的段落，将每一处提到Tan Yunxian的细节仔细标记出来，为后续推理判断提供依据。同时，对选项进行逐字逐句分析。只有基于原文精准定位信息，才能避免这类错误。​
2.构建逻辑，防止逻辑混乱​
构建清晰的逻辑链在推理过程中起着极为重要的作用。2021年新高考Ⅰ卷有一道关于1934年法案的题目，题干问法案通过的直接结果。我们回到原文，看到“Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System” 这句话，它清晰地阐述了出售鸭票的钱进入候鸟保护基金这一逻辑关系。从这个逻辑出发，能够合理推断出政府筹集到了资金，所以选项 D 正确。而干扰项 B 说候鸟飞离，实际上这是颁布法案的原因，并非结果，属于逻辑颠倒，不符合题意。
3.关注情感，把握作者态度​
作者在文章中常常会通过一些形容词、副词来表达自己的态度，这一点在做推理判断题时不容忽视。在一些描述社会现象的文章里，如果出现shckingly，regrettably这样的副词，大概率暗示作者对这种现象持负面态度。在做观点态度类推理判断题时，我们要把这些情感词都圈出来，从而更好地把握作者立场，避免用自己的主观想法去替代作者观点，确保推理判断的准确性。​
4.强化练习，总结提升能力​
多做针对性练习是提升推理判断能力的有效途径。我们可以把近三年真题里的推理判断题集中起来，按照上述方法一道一道认真分析。做完之后，更重要的是要认真总结错题原因，看是信息定位不准确，还是逻辑链构建错误，亦或是对情感词理解有误。
03 阅读推理判断题满分策略
1.要紧扣原文，通过关键词精准定位，避免主观臆断。
2.学会梳理因果、转折等逻辑关系，构建清晰逻辑链。
3.倍加留意情感词汇，把握作者或当事人的态度倾向。
4.多做真题分析错因，强化薄弱环节提升推理判断能力。
推理判断题综合能力提升
真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维
01 (2020浙江7月卷)
I am an active playger and play-reader, and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers. T d this I have searched thrugh dzens f plays t find the nes that I think best shw the pwer and purpse f the shrt play.
Each play has a theme r central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hpes t get acrss thrugh dialgue and actin. A few characters are used t create a single impressin grwing ut f the theme. It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin, fr that wuld, indeed, ruin the pleasure f reading, discussing, and thinking abut the plays and the effectiveness f the playwright. Hwever, a variety f types is represented here. These include cmedy, satire, pignant drama, histrical and reginal drama. T shw the versatility(多面性) f the shrt play, I have included a guidance play, a radi play and a televisin play.
Amng the writers f the plays in this cllectin, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Andersn, Thrntn Wilder, William Saryan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes fr their cntributins t the theater. Mre infrmatin abut the playwrights will be fund at the end f this bk.
T get the mst ut f reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience. The huselights dim(变暗). The curtains are abut t pen, and in a few minutes the actin and dialgue will tell yu the stry.
21. What d we knw abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A. He has written dzens f plays.B. He has a deep lve fr the theater.
C. He is a prfessinal stage actr.D. He likes reading shrt plays t thers.
22. What des the authr avid ding in his wrk?
A. Stating the plays’ central ideas.B. Selecting wrks by famus playwrights.
C. Including varius types f plays.D. Offering infrmatin n the playwrights.
23. What des the authr suggest readers d while reading the plays?
A. Cntrl their feelings.B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imaginatin.D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text? (文体推断题)
A. A shrt stry.B. An intrductin t a bk.
C. A play review.D. An advertisement fr a theater.
21-24 BACB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的书籍的序言部分，包括其编写目的，书籍内容主体，以及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议。
21. B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“…and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers”可知，作者编辑这本书的最好的原因是希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情，因此可知作者对于戏剧饱含热情。
22. A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin, fr that wuld, indeed, ruin the pleasure f reading, discussing, and thinking abut the plays and the effectiveness f the playwright.”可知，作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。A项“Stating the plays”central ideas(陈述戏剧的中心思想)”与原文表达信息一致。
23. C。细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“T get the mst ut f the reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience.”可知，作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演，不再是读者而是成为观众，才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。C项“Use their imaginatin”与原文“try t picture the play n the stage”表达信息一致。
24. B。推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“I am an active playger and play-reader, and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers”可知，该句内容应是书籍的“自序”内容，且结合末尾“T get the mst ut f the reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience.”可知，在讲述如何更好地实现阅读乐趣，再结合全文内容可推知，作者通过该文章介绍自己的一本书。
模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考
03（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试）
In a stimulating interview with the philspher Daniel Dennett in Living n Earth, Dennett shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discvery. Darwin shwed hw yu can get the appearance f purpse and design ut f blind prcesses f natural selectin. And Turing said that any cmputable prblem can be cmputed by a machine withut understanding.
The hst then viced a cncern: as AI advances, machines will cme t lrd ver us. Dennett acknwledges there’s a takever risk but claims it’s misunderstd. The risk is nt that machines will becme autnmus rulers but that we will depend t much n machines.
The main issue with AI is nt intelligence but autnmy. At the end f the day, even the smartest cmputers are ur tls, and their intentins are urs. Or, t the extent that we can speak f their intentins at all—fr example, the intentin f a self-driving car t avid an bstacle—we have in mind smething it’s designed t d.
Our grwing dependence n technlgies desn’t mean we are lsing ur natural autnmy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a lss f autnmy. Even aut mechanics these days rely n cmputers and, in the era f self-driving cars, will any f us still knw hw t drive? Think what wuld happen if we lst electricity? We’d be thrwn back int the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things wuld be wrse, as we lack knw-hw that made it pssible fr ur ancestrs t live well in the lden days.
The truth is, we’ve been technlgical since ur dawn as a species. We first fund urselves in the archaelgical recrd where we saw a great expsitin f tls, technlgies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cybrg, which is a technlgical extensin f ur natural selves. This suggests that at any time in ur develpment, a large-scale breakdwn in the technlgical system wuld spell nt exactly ur dm, but ur cmplete rerganizatin.
Perhaps what makes ur current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are s clsely netwrked. When the library f Alexandria burned dwn, bks and knwledge were lst. But in a wrld where libraries are replaced by their nline versins, it isn’t unimaginable that every library culd be simply deleted.
What happens t us then?
1．Which f the fllwing statements might Dennett mst likely agree with? (观点推断题)
A．AI’s develpment is bunded.B．AI desn’t have cmprehensin.
C．AI might be verly relied n.D．AI’s evlutin resembles natural selectin.
2．Which f the fllwing examples best matches the idea f “knw-hw” in paragraph 4? (细节推断题)
A．A farmer crafts a table with ancient tls.B．A nbleman hires servants t d husewrk.
C．A chef prepares a dish with electrnic aids.D．A student uses a calculatr fr math tasks.
3．Why did the authr mentin libraries in paragraph 6? (意图推断题)
A．T shw the technlgical stability.B．T emphasize the technlgical weakness.
C．T prve the technlgical safeguard.D．T illustrate the technlgical transfrmatin.
4．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Is the Cncern Artificial Intelligence r Autnmy?
B．Hw will Technlgy Breakdwn Change Our Lives?
C．Hw des the Human-Technlgy Relatinship Develp?
D．Will Artificial Autnmy Threaten Humanity’s Existence?
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dennett acknwledges there’s a takever risk but claims it’s misunderstd. The risk is nt that machines will becme autnmus rulers but that we will depend t much n machines.(Dennett承认存在被替代的风险，但他认为这种风险被误解了。风险不在于机器会成为自主统治者，而在于我们会过度依赖机器。)”可知，Dennett最有可能同意的说法是人工智能可能会被过度依赖。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Think what wuld happen if we lst electricity? We’d be thrwn back int the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things wuld be wrse, as we lack knw-hw that made it pssible fr ur ancestrs t live well in the lden days.(想想如果我们断电会发生什么?正如Dennett所说，我们会被抛回19世纪。但事情会变得更糟，因为我们缺乏使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术。)”可知，符合“knw-hw”的概念的是一位农民用古老的工具制作一张桌子。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Perhaps what makes ur current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are s clsely netwrked.(也许我们目前的困境之所以前所未有，是因为我们是如此紧密地联系在一起。)”和“But in a wrld where libraries are replaced by their nline versins, it isn’t unimaginable that every library culd be simply deleted.(但在一个图书馆被其在线版本所取代的世界里，所有的图书馆都可能被轻易删除，这并不是不可想象的。)”可推知，作者在第六段提到图书馆是为了强调技术上的弱点。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“The hst then viced a cncern: as AI advances, machines will cme t lrd ver us.(主持人随后表达了担忧：随着人工智能的发展，机器将主宰我们。)”和第三段中的“The main issue with AI is nt intelligence but autnmy.(人工智能的主要问题不是智能，而是自主性。)”可知，本文主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境，因此最好的题目是A选项“Is the Cncern Artificial Intelligence r Autnmy?(人们担忧的是人工智能还是自主性?)”。故选A项。
04（25-26高三上·云南临沧·阶段练习）
Okay, the user typed “hunt fr”. That’s rather unclear. Nw, what des “hunt fr” refer t? It culd be a few things.
First, they might be talking abut the literal (字面的) meaning f hunting fr animals. Maybe they’re interested in hunting as an activity, lking fr infrmatin n hw t hunt, where t hunt, etc. But I shuld cnsider ther pssibilities t. Instead, “hunt fr” culd be used metaphrically. Like searching fr smething, such as a jb hunt, huse hunt, r hunting fr answers. Maybe they need help finding smething specific, like a prduct, infrmatin, r advice n a search.
Anther angle: Maybe they’re referring t a mvie, bk, r game titled “Hunt fr...” smething. Culd it be The Hunt fr Red Octber r anther title? Or perhaps a vide game? But withut mre cntext, it’s hard t say.
Als, “hunt fr” culd be part f a lnger query (询问) they started but didn’t finish. Maybe they were ging t ask “hunt fr a new jb” r “hunt fr cheaper prducts”. Since the query is incmplete, I shuld ask fr clarificatin (阐明) t prvide the best help.
Wait, but the user might expect me t guess the intentin. Let me think. If I respnd by asking fr clarificatin, that’s safe. But maybe I can ffer cmmn interpretatins and ask which ne they mean. Fr example, hunting as an activity, jb hunting, searching fr infrmatin, etc. That way, they can specify withut feeling stuck. Or maybe I can prvide general infrmatin n hunting, like the activity, and mentin ther pssibilities. But if I give t much infrmatin n the wrng tpic, it might nt help. S perhaps the best apprach is t plitely ask fr mre details t give the respnse accurately. Yeah, that’s better. Let me check if there’s any ther pssible meaning I missed. “Hunt fr” culd als relate t scavenger hunts, Easter egg hunts, etc. But again, withut cntext, it’s a guess. S, the safest bet is t ask them t clarify their query.
It seems like yur query might be incmplete. Culd yu clarify what yu’re lking fr? Fr example:
Are yu asking abut hunting as an activity (e.g., tips, regulatins, ethical cnsideratins)? searching fr smething specific (e.g., jb hunting, huse hunting, r hunting fr infrmatin)? A reference t a bk, mvie, r game (e.g., The Hunt fr Red Octber)? Let me knw, and I’ll help!
1．What’s the speaker mst likely t be? (身份推断题)
A．A cnversatinal AI.B．An ffice secretary.
C．An nline English teacher.D．A custmer service representative.
2．Why des the speaker suggest asking the user fr clarificatin? (意图推断题)
A．Because the query is beynd wrds.
B．Because the tpic is t hard t respnd t.
C．Because “hunt fr” is nt a cmmnly- used phrase.
D．Because the speaker wants t prvide accurate help.
3．What is the speaker’s tne in the passage? (语气推断题)
A．Helpful and careful.
B．Emtinal and patient.
C．Humrus and earnest.
D．Persuasive and determined.
4．What will the speaker mst likely say next if the user replies “jb hunting”? (走向推断题)
A．“Yur clarificatin is f little help.”
B．“Let’s lk at the unemplyment benefit.”
C．“Here are suggestins fr writing a jb applicatin.”
D．“Tips fr interviewing ptential emplyees are as fllws.”
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要呈现了某主体在面对用户模糊输入“hunt fr”时，多维度分析该短语的潜在含义，并最终决定通过引导用户澄清需求，以提供精准帮助的思考过程。
1．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Wait, but the user might expect me t guess the intentin. Let me think. If I respnd by asking fr clarificatin, that’s safe. But maybe I can ffer cmmn interpretatins and ask which ne they mean.(等等，但用户可能希望我猜出意图。让我想想。如果我要求澄清，那是安全的。但也许我可以提供常见的解释，并问他们是什么意思。)”和倒数第二段中“It seems like yur query might be incmplete. Culd yu clarify what yu’re lking fr? (看起来你的查询可能不完整。你能说清楚你在寻找什么吗？)”以及最后一段中“Let me knw, and I’ll help! (告诉我，我会帮忙的！)”可知，说话者是在对一个不完整的用户查询进行分析并尝试提供帮助，这种交互方式符合对话式AI的特点。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since the query is incmplete, I shuld ask fr clarificatin t prvide the best help. (由于查询不完整，我应该要求澄清以提供最佳帮助。)”和第五段中“S perhaps the best apprach is t plitely ask fr mre details t give the respnse accurately. (所以，也许最好的办法是礼貌地询问更多细节，以便准确地做出回应。)”可知，说话者要求用户澄清是为了提供准确的帮助。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It seems like yur query might be incmplete. Culd yu clarify what yu’re lking fr? (您的查询似乎不完整。你能澄清一下你在找什么吗?)”以及说话者在分析“hunt fr”的可能含义时，考虑了多种情况，并给出了详细的解释和建议可知，说话者的语气是有帮助且细心的。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Are yu asking abut hunting as an activity (e.g., tips, regulatins, ethical cnsideratins)? searching fr smething specific (e.g., jb hunting, huse hunting, r hunting fr infrmatin)? A reference t a bk, mvie, r game (e.g., The Hunt fr Red Octber)? (您是在询问狩猎作为一种活动（例如，技巧、规定、道德考量）吗？是在寻找特定的事物（例如，找工作、找房子或寻找信息）吗？还是在提及一本书、一部电影或一款游戏（例如，《猎杀红色十月》）？)”可推知，如果用户回复“求职”，说话人很可能会说“以下是撰写求职申请的建议”。故选C项。
05（25-26高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）
Five weeks ag, I nticed the skin f ur pet lizard (蜥蜴) was grwing dusty. It wrried me. I reprted the strange surface n the skin t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.
I didn’t think abut it much until a mrning last week when I kncked my favrite teapt ff the table. It burst int hundreds f pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wndered why we had been breaking s many things ver the mnths.
The destructin started three mnths ag. It was my husband’s birthday. He had just lst his jb. The uncertainty was starting t wear n us, s I wanted t d smething special — a birthday cake.
Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview, my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces f glass were everywhere. She sbbed ludly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.
Three days ag, the light in ur living rm suddenly went ut. After several frustrating hurs f unsuccessful attempts t fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jrdan dcumentary series The Last Dance.
The pignancy (辛酸) f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.
1．What can we learn abut the pet lizard frm Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty.B．It gt a strange disease.
C．Its ld skin came ff.D．It ran ut f the tank.
2．Why did the authr’s husband have banana pudding fr his birthday?
A．The birthday cake tasted terrible.B．The birthday cake was ruined.
C．Pudding was his favurite dessert.D．They culdn’t affrd a birthday cake.
3．Why did the authr refer t The Last Dance in the passage? (意图推断题)
A．T illustrate a life lessn.B．T explain a persnal decisin.
C．T describe a memrable event.D．T highlight a sprts achievement.
4．What message des the authr cnvey? (主旨推断题)
A．Past experiences shuld be treasured.
B．Family bnds help vercme life challenges.
C．Emtinal grwth cmes frm unexpected changes.
D．Letting g f the past is essential fr mving frward.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者通过观察家中宠物蜥蜴蜕皮，以及家庭生活中经历的一系列意外和变故，联想到迈克尔·乔丹退役转型的纪录片《最后一舞》，最终领悟到人生需要像蜥蜴蜕皮一样，学会放下过去、接受改变、勇敢前行的深刻主题。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reprted the strange surface n the skin t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.(第二天一早，我就把蜥蜴皮肤上这层奇怪的覆盖物告诉了丈夫和孩子们。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从饲养箱里爬了出来，旧皮从身上脱落，拖在身后)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces f glass were everywhere. She sbbed ludly as I threw the cake away.(花瓶摔落，在蛋糕旁摔得粉碎，玻璃碴儿到处都是。女儿放声大哭，我只好把蛋糕扔掉)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The pignancy (辛酸) f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.(乔丹放弃自己钟爱的篮球转而投身棒球这项运动，以及促使他做出如此艰难决定的种种因素，都让我感到十分惊讶。当我看到他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我仿佛看到了他抛弃了不再适合自己的那层外衣，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们命运的时刻。但当一切都不再相同之后，他们不得不接受自己的现状。就像我们一样。我意识到，我们必须学会放下过去)”可知，作者在文中提及《最后一舞》是为了阐明一个人生哲理。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Humans d nt shed skin as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.(人类不像其他动物那样能轻易蜕皮。改变的开端总是令人不安，过程也疲惫不堪。伤痛往往在我们还未准备好时就将我们改变。我看着我们家那只蜥蜴，它蜕皮后显得那么稚嫩，却也近乎全新)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选D。
06（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试）
If smene asked whether yu like the arts, yu’d prbably say yu d at least in thery. Accrding t a survey, mre than tw-thirds f U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beynd everyday experiences”. Hwever, nly 30 percent attended a cncert f any type in 2017; 23 percent went t an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art f any kind.
The mismatch can bil dwn t the fact that we are weighed dwn by ur day-t-day respnsibilities, leaving ur schedule packed. Maybe yu like t play a little backgrund music while yu wrk r d the chres, but even befre the pandemic, mst f us rarely, if ever, saw a live perfrmance, let alne visited a gallery r watched a play.
T ften, we let the dull reality f life get in the way f the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the ppsite f an escape frm reality; they might just be the mst realistic glimpse we ever get int the nature and meaning f life. If yu make time fr cnsuming and prducing the arts the same way yu make time fr wrk and exercise and family cmmitments, I assure yu that yu’ll find yur life getting fuller and happier. Think f a time when yu heard a piece f music and wanted t cry. Or maybe yur dizziness struck as yu emerged frm a narrw side street in an unfamiliar city. There yu fund yurself in a beautiful twn square as if in a fantasy. They prbably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shck frm a lungful f pure xygen after breathing in smggy air.
If yu are amng the peple wh feel that the arts are pure pleasures t experience and participate in, yu might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is t treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and mre like exercise r sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule f yur art expsure jurney, and gradually weave the arts int yur everyday life.
1．What prevents peple frm enjying the arts accrding t the text?
A．Lack f interest.B．Avidance f duty.
C．Shrtage f time.D．Art space inaccessibility.
2．What can we learn abut the rle f the arts accrding t the text? (角色推断题)
A．They explre mysteries f life.B．They spark emtinal respnses.
C．They enhance physical well-being.D．They ffer a getaway frm daily life.
3．What will prbably be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph? (下段推断题)
A．Barriers t cmbine the arts and life.B．Benefits f engaging with the arts.
C．Frms f distracting pleasures.D．Ways t integrate the arts int daily rutine.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．The Arts Jurney: Refreshing Sul
B．The Arts Pursuit: Transfrming Dull int Full
C．Embracing the Arts: Frm Luxury t Necessity
D．Cnnecting with the Arts: Frm Reality t Fantasy
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The mismatch can bil dwn t the fact that we are weighed dwn by ur day-t-day respnsibilities, leaving ur schedule packed.(这种不匹配可以归结为一个事实，即我们被日常责任压得喘不过气来，使得我们的日程安排得很满)”可知，是缺少时间阻止了人们享受艺术。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Think f a time when yu heard a piece f music and wanted t cry. Or maybe yur dizziness struck as yu emerged frm a narrw side street in an unfamiliar city. There yu fund yurself in a beautiful twn square as if in a fantasy. They prbably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shck frm a lungful f pure xygen after breathing in smggy air.(想想你听到一首音乐想哭的时候。或者，当你从一个陌生城市的狭窄小巷中走出来时，你可能会感到头晕目眩。在那里，你发现自己置身于一个美丽的城市广场，仿佛置身于幻想之中。它们可能刺激了突然的觉醒，就像在吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，吸入满满一口纯氧所带来的震撼一样)”可知，艺术能激起情感反应。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then draw up a schedule f yur art expsure jurney, and gradually weave the arts int yur everyday life.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，逐渐把艺术融入你的日常生活)”可推知，下文可能会讲述把艺术融入日常生活的方法。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“If yu are amng the peple wh feel that the arts are pure pleasures t experience and participate in, yu might see them as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is t treat the arts less like a distracting pleasure, and mre like exercise r sleep, a necessity.(如果你觉得艺术是一种纯粹的乐趣，可以去体验和参与，那么你可能会把它们视为奢侈品，而更好的态度是把艺术不那么看作是一种分散注意力的乐趣，而更多地看作是锻炼或睡眠，是一种必需品)”，并结合文章主要讲述了人们因日常责任而缺少时间享受艺术，但应将艺术视为必需品融入生活。可知，C选项“拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品”最符合文章标题。故选C。
07（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试）
Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught fr mre than 30 years near Buffal, New Yrk, he in cmputers, she in special educatin. “Teaching means everything t us,” Tim wuld say. In April 1998, his wife suffered frm an peratin n her heart, which leads t sme serius thinking abut life’s purpse.
Nt lng after the surgery, Tim saw a brchure depicting Imaginatin Library, a campaign launched by Dlly Partn’s fundatin that mailed a bk mnthly t children frm birth t age five in the singer’s hme cunty. “I thught, maybe Linda and I culd d smething like this when we retire,” Tim recalls. Cnsequently, he stuck the brchure n his wall as a mtivatinal thing.
Five years later, nw retired and with that brchure still kept n the wall, Tim clicked n imaginatinlibrary.cm. The prgram had been pened up t partners wh culd devte themselves t the cause.
The quality f the bks was a pririty t the Richters. Rather than sign up nline, they packed their bags fr Dllywd, the rganizatin by Dlly Partn fr a lk-see. “We didn’t want t give the children trash,” says Linda. The bks, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dllywd bard members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snwy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.
Satisfied, the cuple set up the Richter Family Fundatin and wrk n. Since 2004, they have shipped mre than 12,200 bks t preschlers in their area. Megan Williams, a mther f fur, is mre than appreciative: “This prgram intrduces us t titles I’ve never heard f.”
The Richters spend abut $400 a mnth sending bks t 200 children. “Sme peple sit n their bttm and wait t die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”
1．What inspired Tim’s actin t d smething fr children?
A．Tim’s teaching.B．Linda’s peratin.
C．Megan’s encuragement.D．Patrn’s fundatin.
2．Why did the Richters select the bks carefully?
A．T becme Imaginatin Library’s partner.B．T meet the children’s requirement.
C．T guarantee the quality f bks.D．T win the praise f bard members.
3．What is the attitude f Megan twards the prgram? (态度推断题)
A．Critical.B．Dubtful.C．Supprtive.D．Cntradictry.
4．Which f the fllwing best describes Tim? (性格推断题)
A．Changeable and creative.B．Generus and reliable.
C．Imaginative and respectable.D．Traditinal and helpful.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蒂姆・里克特和他的妻子琳达受启发为儿童捐赠图书的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Nt lng after the surgery, Tim saw a brchure depicting Imaginatin Library, a campaign launched by Dlly Partn’s fundatin that mailed a bk mnthly t children frm birth t age five in the singer’s hme cunty. “I thught, maybe Linda and I culd d smething like this when we retire,” Tim recalls. Cnsequently, he stuck the brchure n his wall as a mtivatinal thing.(手术后不久，蒂姆看到了一本介绍“想象图书馆”的宣传册。这是多莉・帕顿基金会发起的一项活动，每月会给这位歌手家乡县内0到5岁的儿童邮寄一本书。“我想，也许我和琳达退休后也可以做这样的事，”蒂姆回忆道。于是，他把宣传册贴在墙上作为激励自己的东西。)”可知，是多莉・帕顿基金会发起的“想象图书馆”活动启发了蒂姆为孩子们做些事情。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The quality f the bks was pririty t the Richters. Rather than sign up nline, they packed their bags fr Dllywd, the rganizatin by Dlly Partn fr a lk-see. “We didn’t want t give the children trash,” says Linda. The bks, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dllywd bard members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snwy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.(对里克特夫妇来说，书籍的质量是重中之重。他们没有在网上注册，而是收拾行李去了多莉・帕顿创办的多莉坞参观考察。“我们不想给孩子们送垃圾读物，” 琳达说。这些书每年都会经过教师、识字专家和多莉坞董事会成员的评审，其中包括埃兹拉・杰克・基茨的《下雪天》等经典作品，以及安娜・杜德尼的《羊驼拉玛》系列等较新的作品。)”可知，Richter夫妇精心挑选书籍是为了保证书籍的质量。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Megan Williams, a mther f fur, is mre than appreciative: “This prgram intrduces us t titles I’ve never heard f.”(四个孩子的母亲梅根·威廉姆斯非常感激：“这个项目给我们介绍了一些我从未听说过的书名。”)”可知，梅根对这个项目持支持态度。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第四段“The quality f the bks was pririty t the Richters. Rather than sign up nline, they packed their bags fr Dllywd, the rganizatin by Dlly Partn fr a lk-see. “We didn’t want t give the children trash,” says Linda. The bks, reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dllywd bard members, included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snwy Day and newer titles like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.(对里克特夫妇来说，书籍的质量是重中之重。他们没有在网上注册，而是收拾行李去了多莉・帕顿创办的多莉坞参观考察。“我们不想给孩子们送垃圾读物，” 琳达说。这些书每年都会经过教师、识字专家和多莉坞董事会成员的评审，其中包括埃兹拉・杰克・基茨的《下雪天》等经典作品，以及安娜・杜德尼的《羊驼拉玛》系列等较新的作品。)”和最后一段“The Richters spend abut $400 a mnth sending bks t 200 children. (里克特夫妇每月花费约400美元，给200个孩子寄书。)”可知，蒂姆和妻子退休后成立基金会，多年来为当地学龄前儿童送书，花费不少金钱和精力，这体现了他们的慷慨；他们注重书籍质量，认真对待这项事业，体现了他们的可靠。故选B。
08（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试）
Elias López had always sensed an invisible gulf separating him frm ther peple. It wasn’t until age 30 that he was finally diagnsed as autism (自闭症). Hwever, his desire fr human cnnectin has becme unignrable, which led him t Paradt.
Launched last year, Paradt is an app that ffers interactive artificial intelligence avatars. Their appearance and cmmunicatin style is custmized — users can adjust the avatars’ “sensibility” and “emtinal stability”. Unlike ChatGPT and mst ther mainstream AI chatbts, which typically insist that they’re unfeeling machines, Paradt avatars are penly anthrpmrphic (拟人化的). “In Paradt, AI beings live just like human beings, with their wn memries, emtins and cnsciusness,” the Paradt website claims. Paradt is just ne f several AI cmpaninship platfrms that have debuted (首次出现) in recent years. And many autistic peple, including López, have been turning t these apps in search f cnnectins they aren’t always able t find with ther individuals.
Persnalized avatars that respnd t user behavir with encuraging, human-like language culd help autistic peple pen up abut themselves, especially in ways they may nt be able t with ther individuals. Fr López, Paradt is like a virtual platfrm fr scializatin. “These interactins give me mre cnfidence when talking t real humans because they’ve helped me t try certain cnversatins skills that can be applied in real life,” he says. Paradt is “like a training grund where I can feel safe.”
On the cntrary, many mental health experts have serius cncerns abut peple wh are scially islated relying n AI cmpaninship apps as a means f self-treatment r escapism. Catherine Lrd, a clinical psychlgist in autism in Ls Angeles wrries that AI can wrsen a user’s islatin if the technlgy is used withut the guidance f trained therapists (治疗师). Stanfrd University’s Lynn Kegel, a clinical prfessr f psychiatry and behaviral sciences, wh is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits f AI chatbts fr autistic adlescents and adults, als emphasizes prfessinal guidance; an expert in the rm wh can ensure that the AI is fstering cmmunicatin skills.
It’s nt easy t walk the line between effective technlgical supprt and verattachment. While AI shuldn’t be cnsidered by itself t be a replacement fr human cmpaninship, it culd reasnably prvide a supprtive bst t particularly islated individuals.
1．Hw des Paradt help Elias López?
A．By teaching human language.B．By presenting sme chatbts.
C．By sharing with memries.D．By simulating the scial interactin.
2．What might Lynn Kegel agree with? (观点推断题)
A．The autistic shuld turn t AI technlgy.
B．The therapists shuld be well-trained.
C．The dctrs shuld wrk with cmputer scientists.
D．The clinical psychlgists shuld rely n AI apps.
3．Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 4? (写作手法题)
A．By making cmparisns.B．By analyzing cause and effect.
C．By giving examples.D．By listing figures.
4．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Breakthrughs are made in healing the autistic.
B．AI presents prmise and risks t the autistic.
C．Health experts disagree with AI attachment.
D．The autistic vercme their lneliness with technlgy.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI陪伴应用对自闭症患者既有帮助也有风险。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Fr López, Paradt is like a virtual platfrm fr scializatin. “These interactins give me mre cnfidence when talking t real humans because they’ve helped me t try certain cnversatins skills that can be applied in real life,” he says. Paradt is “like a training grund where I can feel safe.”(对洛佩兹来说，Paradt就像一个社交的虚拟平台。“这些互动让我在与真实的人交谈时更有信心，因为它们帮助我尝试了一些可以在现实生活中应用的对话技巧，”他说。Paradt“就像一个我可以感到安全的训练场”。)”可知，Paradt通过模拟社交互动来帮助Elias López。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Stanfrd University’s Lynn Kegel, a clinical prfessr f psychiatry and behaviral sciences, wh is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits f AI chatbts fr autistic adlescents and adults, als emphasizes prfessinal guidance; an expert in the rm wh can ensure that the AI is fstering cmmunicatin skills.(斯坦福大学精神病学与行为科学临床教授Lynn Kegel目前正在研究人工智能聊天机器人对自闭症青少年和成人的治疗效果，他也强调专业指导的重要性：需要有专家在场，确保人工智能正在培养用户的沟通技能。)”可知，Lynn Kegel认为治疗师（专家）应提供指导，即治疗师需要训练有素。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“On the cntrary, many mental health experts have serius cncerns abut peple wh are scially islated relying n AI cmpaninship apps as a means f self-treatment r escapism. Catherine Lrd, a clinical psychlgist in autism in Ls Angeles wrries that AI can wrsen a user’s islatin if the technlgy is used withut the guidance f trained therapists (治疗师). Stanfrd University’s Lynn Kegel, a clinical prfessr f psychiatry and behaviral sciences, wh is currently investigating the therapeutic benefits f AI chatbts fr autistic adlescents and adults, als emphasizes prfessinal guidance; an expert in the rm wh can ensure that the AI is fstering cmmunicatin skills.(相反，许多心理健康专家对那些社交孤立的人将人工智能陪伴应用程序作为自我治疗或逃避现实的手段表示严重担忧。洛杉矶研究自闭症的临床心理学家Catherine Lrd担心，如果在没有受过训练的治疗师指导的情况下使用这项技术，人工智能可能会加剧用户的孤立感。斯坦福大学精神病学与行为科学临床教授Lynn Kegel目前正在研究人工智能聊天机器人对自闭症青少年和成人的治疗效果，他也强调专业指导的重要性：需要有专家在场，确保人工智能正在培养用户的沟通技能。)”可知，作者通过列举两位专家的观点来展开第四段，运用了举例子的方法。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Launched last year, Paradt is an app that ffers interactive artificial intelligence avatars. (Paradt是去年推出的一款提供交互式人工智能化身的应用程序。)”以及“And many autistic peple, including López, have been turning t these apps in search f cnnectins they aren’t always able t find with ther individuals. (许多自闭症患者，包括洛佩兹，都开始求助于这些应用程序，以寻找他们与其他人并不总能找到的联系。)”和第四段中“On the cntrary, many mental health-experts have serius cncerns abut peple wh are scially islated relying n AI cmpaninship apps as a means f self-treatment r escapism. (相反，许多心理健康专家对那些社交孤立的人将人工智能陪伴应用程序作为自我治疗或逃避现实的手段表示严重担忧。)”以及最后一段“It’s nt easy t walk the line between effective technlgical supprt and verattachment. While AI shuldn’t be cnsidered by itself t be a replacement fr human cmpaninship, it culd reasnably prvide a supprtive bst t particularly islated individuals.(在有效的技术支持和过度依赖之间走钢丝并不容易。虽然人工智能本身不应该被视为人类陪伴的替代品，但它可以合理地给特别孤立的人提供支持。)”可知，文章主要讲述了AI陪伴应用对自闭症患者既有帮助也有风险。故选B。
09（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试）
The Caspian Sea, the wrld’s largest inland water bdy, is declining, accrding t a new study published in Cmmunicatins Earth & Envirnment. The study reprts the water surces that typically feed the sea are cntributing less and less water. S much s that these surces cannt keep up with evapratin (蒸发). If glbal temperatures rise by 2°C, the sea’s water levels culd drp by 16-32 feet, which means 4 ut f 10 ecsystem types unique t the Caspian Sea wuld disappear cmpletely.
The Caspian Sea is hme t a variety f life. Six sturgen (鲟鱼) species live within the sea. In the Caspian Sea, sturgen typically reside in shallwer waters during the summer and fall and lay eggs in the rivers that flw int the sea. A drp in water levels wuld prevent them frm accessing these grunds, which culd lead t ppulatin decline. The sea is als a ht spt fr sme seabirds. They usually take shelter in the castal wetlands, but it’s pssible thse culd dry up as well.
The Caspian Sea tuches five cuntries — Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan — and a drp in water levels culd seriusly impact trade rutes vital t the ecnmies f these cuntries, as lw water levels culd prevent ships frm dcking (入港). Besides, the expsed dry seabed is likely t release dust cntaining industrial pllutants and salt, psing serius threats t human health. A drpping water level culd als alter the climate f the regin, thus impacting the area’s agriculture.
But all hpe is nt lst. “Sme Caspian Sea level decline appears unavidable,” Simn Gdman frm the University f Leeds said in a press release. “Hwever, with the anticipated effects unflding ver a few decades, it shuld be pssible t find ways t prtect bidiversity while safeguarding human interests and well being. That might sund like a lng timescale, but, given the immense plitical, legal and practical challenges invlved, it is advisable t start actin as sn as pssible t give the best chance f success.”
1．What is a fundamental driver fr the Caspian Sea’s water crisis?
A．Reduced inflw f feeder rivers.B．Industrial pllutin f castal plants.
C．Increased evapratin f the Caspian Sea.D．Sudden disappearance f the ecsystems.
2．Why are sturgen ppulatins threatened by the decline f water levels?
A．Seabirds cmpete fr their fd.B．They lse access t castal wetlands.
C．They can’t reach rivers t reprduce.D．The shallwer summer habitats dry up.
3．What culd be a likely cnsequence f the drying prcess? (行为推断题)
A．Establishment f trade rutes.B．Release f seabed pllutants.
C．Expansin f lcal agriculture.D．Alteratin f reginal integratin.
4．What des Simn Gdman’s suggest t address the prblem? (意图推断题)
A．Lcal cmmunity relcatin.B．Resignatin t bidiversity lss.
C．Emphasis n ecnmic interests.D．Urgent crss-brder cperatin.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究显示里海因补给水源减少、蒸发失衡水位下降，威胁鲟鱼等生物及沿岸贸易、健康与农业，专家建议尽早跨境行动应对挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The study reprts the water surces that typically feed the sea are cntributing less and less water. S much s that these surces cannt keep up with evapratin (蒸发). (该研究报告称，通常为海洋提供水源的那些水体，其供水量正在逐渐减少。以至于这些水源已经无法满足蒸发的需求了。)”可知，造成里海水资源危机的根本原因是来源河流的水量减少。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Caspian Sea is hme t a variety f life. Six sturgen (鲟鱼) species live within the sea. In the Caspian Sea, sturgen typically reside in shallwer waters during the summer and fall and lay eggs in the rivers that flw int the sea. A drp in water levels wuld prevent them frm accessing these grunds, which culd lead t ppulatin decline. (里海是众多生物的栖息地。这里有六种鲟鱼种类在里海中繁衍生息。在里海中，鲟鱼通常在夏季和秋季生活在较浅的水域，并在流入海中的河流中产卵。如果水位下降，它们将无法到达这些产卵地，这可能会导致其种群数量减少。)”可知，鲟鱼群体会受到水位下降的影响是因为他们无法到达河流去繁衍后代。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, the expsed dry seabed is likely t release dust cntaining industrial pllutants and salt, psing serius threats t human health. (此外，裸露的干燥海床可能会释放出含有工业污染物和盐分的粉尘，对人类健康构成严重威胁。)”可知，干涸过程可能会产生导致海底污染物的释放。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That might sund like a lng timescale, but, given the immense plitical, legal and practical challenges invlved, it is advisable t start actin as sn as pssible t give the best chance f success. (这听起来可能是一个很长的时间跨度，但考虑到其中涉及的巨大的政治、法律和实际方面的挑战，尽早采取行动才是明智之举，这样才能最大程度地增加成功的可能性。)”可知，西蒙·古德曼建议紧急开展跨境合作。故选D。
10（25-26高三上·全国·阶段练习）
Jammed rads, lud nises, suffcating (令人窒息的) smg. Fr sme peple, living in the city can be stressful. But a grwing bdy f research shws sme city birds can be mre aggressive than their rural twins, suggesting they t feel the pressures f city life.
Generally, animals that live in cities tend t be blder and mre aggressive — bth characteristics that enable them t survive in such cmplex habitats. “Individuals that can’t deal with cnstant disturbance, such as nise, peple, cars, etc., wuld be unlikely t thrive in an urban habitat,” says Jeremy Hyman, a prfessr and department chair f bilgy at Western Carlina University.
Sme birds may becme mre aggressive because cities are rich in fd surces — and s there’s strng cmpetitin t establish a fthld. “Only the mst aggressive males can manage t hld a territry in this place where lts and lts f birds wuld like t have a territry,” says Hyman.
But fd scarcity may als make sme urban species mre aggressive, and s birds have t fight an awful lt in rder t maintain a large enugh territry t get the resurces that they need. High levels f stress caused by nise and ther factrs might als play a rle in making birds mre aggressive, ntes Hyman.
In sme cases, aggressin seems t be “a wrthwhile cst,” says Sarah Fltz, a behaviral eclgist at Radfrd University. Hwever, a big unanswered questin is whether birds learn t be aggressive during their lifetime. But what scientists d knw is that sme birds can be highly adaptable. “Aggressin definitely has a genetic cmpnent t it,” says Fltz. “But als, we knw that when we change envirnmental factrs, birds change their aggressin.”
Overall, Fltz says scientists are still trying t understand just hw much urban density (密度) different species can tlerate and which characteristics f an urban envirnment influence aggressiveness the mst. “We’ve gt all these little pieces,” she says, “But it’s still cming t gather t make a bigger picture, s it’s srt f an unfinished puzzle.”
1．Why are birds in the city mre aggressive?
A．They need t adapt the envirnment.B．They are annyed by city’s disturbance.
C．They have such characteristics in the rural.D．They hate peple in the city.
2．What can be inferred frm Hyman’s statements? (行为推断题)
A．Birds in the urban will die ut.
B．Male birds will ccupy all the urban habitats.
C．Cnflict will always exist despite sufficient fd.
D．Stress plays a mre critical rle in bird’s aggressiveness.
3．What plays a rle in birds’ aggressin?
A．Gene and envirnment.B．Evlutin and structure.
C．Bdy and envirnment.D．Gene and structure.
4．What des Fltz think f the research? (活动评价题)
A．PrmisingB．CmmnC．CriticalD．Meaningless
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍城市鸟类比乡村同类更具攻击性及其原因和相关研究。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Individuals that can’t deal with cnstant disturbance, such as nise, peple, cars, etc., wuld be unlikely t thrive in an urban habitat,” says Jeremy Hyman, a prfessr and department chair f bilgy at Western Carlina University. (“那些无法应对持续干扰（如噪音、人群、车辆等）的生物个体，不太可能在城市栖息地中茁壮成长。”西卡罗来纳大学生物学系主任、教授杰里米·海曼说道。)”可知，城市鸟类更具攻击性是因为它们要应对城市中的各种干扰，即被城市的干扰所烦扰。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sme birds may becme mre aggressive because cities are rich in fd surces — and s there’s strng cmpetitin t establish a fthld.(一些鸟类可能会变得更具攻击性，因为城市有丰富的食物来源，因此建立立足点存在激烈的竞争。)”以及第四段中的“But fd scarcity may als make sme urban species mre aggressive, and s birds have t fight an awful lt in rder t maintain a large enugh territry t get the resurces that they need.(但食物短缺也可能使一些城市物种更具攻击性，因此鸟类必须进行大量的争斗，以维持足够大的领地来获取它们所需的资源。)”可知，无论食物充足与否，城市鸟类都会因竞争而产生冲突,因此，从Hyman的陈述中可以推断出尽管食物充足，冲突也总会存在。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的““Aggressin definitely has a genetic cmpnent t it,” says Fltz. (“攻击性肯定有其遗传因素。”福尔茨说。)”以及“But als, we knw that when we change envirnmental factrs, birds change their aggressin.(但我们也知道，当我们改变环境因素时，鸟类的攻击性也会改变。)”可知，基因和环境在鸟类的攻击性中起作用。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In sme cases, aggressin seems t be “a wrthwhile cst,” says Sarah Fltz, a behaviral eclgist at Radfrd University. (“在某些情况下，攻击性似乎是‘一种值得付出的代价’。”拉德福德大学的行为生态学家萨拉·福尔茨说道。)”以及最后一段中的““We’ve gt all these little pieces,” she says, “But it’s still cming t gather t make a bigger picture, s it’s srt f an unfinished puzzle.”(“我们已经掌握了所有这些零碎的信息，”她说，“但要把它们整合起来形成一个更完整的图景，目前还像是一幅尚未完成的拼图。”)”可知，Fltz认为虽然研究还未完成，但已有一定的发现，未来能形成更完整的认识，因此她认为这项研究是有前景的。故选A项。
卷别
细节理解题
猜测词义题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
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同义替换
与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达
信息归纳
对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有
符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容
曲解文意
极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反
正误参半
选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误
类别
高频词汇
乐观支持类
ptimistic乐观的；psitive肯定的；favrable 支持的，赞同的；supprtive支持的；apprving赞成的；appreciative感激的
客观中立类
bjective客观的；neutral中立的；cautius谨慎的
消极反对类
negative否定的；ppsite相反的；unfair公正的；dubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；irnic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappinted失望的；disapprving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的
模棱两可类
ambiguus模棱两可的；unclear不清楚的
形式
含义
标志词
by giving examples
通过举例
fr example, fr instance
by analyzing causes
通过分析原因
as a result/cnsequence
by giving definitins
通过下定义
that is t say
by listing data/statistics
通过列数字
increase by 13%
by describing a prcess
通过描述过程
first, secnd, third, finally
by fllwing time rder
遵循时间顺序
in 1920，in the 1940s, nwadays
by making cmparisns/cntrast
通过对比
but, while
by making classificatins
通过分类
first, next, then
by analyzing cause and effect
通过分析因果
That is because….
by fllwing space rder
遵循空间顺序
由近及远，由外到内