人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction学案设计

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction学案设计，共13页。学案主要包含了2018·北京，2018·天津，2018·江苏，2018·浙江等内容，欢迎下载使用。
T analyze the functins f the nn-predicate.
T knw hw t use the nn-predicate crrectly.
T apply them int the writing practice.
预习案
一、 语法知识点复习
（一）请根据上诉图表分析下列句子中非谓语的类型及特征
E.g The swimming by is Tm. （ 现在分词主动进行 ）
the rm facing suth （ ）
The film is disappinting. （ ）
I have a radi made in China.（ ）
Lk at the brken glass. （ ）
The excited peple shuted and cheered.（ ）
His hbby is painting.（ ）
I’m prud f being a Chinese.（ ）
I have a lt f wrk t d.（ ）
I like dancing, but I dn’t like t dance tday.（ ）
T learn English well, yu must practice mre.（ ）
What yu shuld d is t lk after the baby.（ ）
（二）句子成分复习
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）
1. 主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）
注意：在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are sme bks. (主语是bks，所以用are)
Dwn jumps the by. (主语是the by，所以用jumps )
Gne are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)
练习： 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
1. During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.
2. We ften speak English in class.
3. One-third f the students in this class are girls.
2. 谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
A._____谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every mrning.
He reads newspapers every day.
B. _____谓语：
1) 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：
Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks.
He has caught a bad cld.
2) 由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：
We are students.
Yur idea sunds great.
3. 表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
练习：画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。
1. Our teacher f English is an American.
2. Is it yurs?
3. The weather has turned cld.
4. The speech is exciting.
5. Three times seven is twenty-ne.
4. 宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。
练习： 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。
1. They planted many trees yesterday.
2. (Hw many dictinaries d yu have?) I have five.
3. They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.
5. 定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况：
A. _______词用作定语一般要后置。
Peple there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)
He didn’t like the man dwnstairs. （楼下的那个人）
B. ________短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而___________作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
The next man is a scientist.
The man next t me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）
C. ________短语作定语时要后置。
The by under the tree is Tm.（树下的那个男孩）
The tallest by in ur class is Jhn.（我们班最高的那个男孩）
D. 现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。
I have smething t say. (直译：我有要说的话)
The by crying ver there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）
The huse built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）
练习： 用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。
1. The letter n the desk is fr Mr. Wu.
2. The wman with a baby in her arms is his mther.
3. We need a place twice larger than this ne.
4. She carried a basket full f eggs.
5. It’s a bk wrth n mre than ne dllar.
6. It’s a city far frm the cast.
7. He has mney enugh t buy a car.
8. The man dwnstairs was trying t sleep.
8. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
He writes carefully. He walks slwly. (认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语)
This material is envirnmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）
He runs very slwly.（修饰副词slwly, 因此very是副词，作状语）
Unfrtunately, he lst all f his mney.（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）
A. 几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间
一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：
I fund a lst pen utside ur schl yesterday mrning.
He was walking slwly utside the park at that mment.
B. 英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大
先写时间，再写上/下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最后写几几年。
I invited him t watch a mvie at 5 p.m. n Thursday, August 28th, 2015.
I was brn at 6 a.m., March 16, 2000.
He lives at 1120 Green Street, Lndn.
C. 频度副词ften, always, usually, smetimes, never等在句中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。注：助动词指帮助实义动词构成时态、语态的动词。
Yu can never tell what he will d.
He is ften late.
He is always helping thers.
D. 状语按意义分类
在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
1. Hw abut meeting again at six?
2. Mr. Smith lives n the third flr.
3. Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.
4. She put the eggs int the basket with great care.
5. She came in with a dictinary in her hand.
6. In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.
7. T make his dream cme true, Tm becmes very interested in business.
8. The by needs a pen very much.
7. 宾语补足语
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
练习： 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
His father named him Dngming.
They painted their bat white.
Let the fresh air in.
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.
观察例句分析动名词、分词和不定式可做什么句子成分
一、动名词
观察下列句子完成总结填空
Swimming is my favrite sprt.
Cllecting infrmatin is very imprtant t business man.
Her jb is teaching.
What I hate mst is being laughed at.
Teaching is learning.
They went n walking and never stpped talking.
Jim dislikes eating chclate.
This is a washing machine.
A smiling face
A walking stick
动名词具有名词和动词的特征，动名词可以作______、______、______和_______。
作________表比较抽象或泛指习惯性的动作，或表说话者对所述动作有过经验或多次做过。
作_______仅限于表示工作、任务等抽象名词表示主语的内涵。
作_______表示一般的、抽象的、经常性的行为。
作_______说明该名词的功用或与之有关的动作。
二、分词
1、现在分词：ding--being dne having dne—having been dne
否定式：nt + 现在分词
观察下列句子完成总结填空
The swimming by is my friend.
The man speaking t the teacher is ur mnitr's father.
The film being shwn in the cinema is exciting.
The present situatin is inspiring.
Can yu hear her singing the sng in the next rm?
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
Finding her car stlen, she hurried t a pliceman fr help.
Wrking in the factry, he was an advanced wrker.
Being a League member, he is always helping thers.
He stayed at hme, cleaning and washing.
Travelling by car, we visited many places.
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有________和_________的句法功能。在句中做_____，________，__________和______。
（1）作定语：当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。表示存在的状态。强调主动或者动作正在进行。
（2）现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征或是对主语的描述。
（3）作宾语补足语: 如下动词后跟现在分词作宾语补足语.表示动作在延续或进行。与宾语之间是逻辑主谓关系see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, ntice, bserve, listen t, lk at, keep, leave, catch，have等。如：
（4）作状语：逻辑主语通常要和句子主语保持一致
2、过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。表示的动作往往是已经完成的。
All invited t the party are present.
Fr breakfast he nly drinks juice frm fresh fruit grwn n his wn farm.
biled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived gds（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed wrld（变了的世界） faded flwers(凋谢的花朵)
Yur article is well -written.
They were frightened at the sad sight.
I heard the sng sung several times last week.
With the wrk dne, they went ut t play.
Once seen, it can never be frgtten.
Praised by the neighbrs, he became the pride f his parents.
Given mre time, I'll be able t d it better.
Thugh tld f the danger, he still risked his life t save the by.
（1）作________：与所修饰词之间的关系及物动词一般表完成，表被动，不及物动词表完成。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
（2）作________：表示主语的特征，或是对主语进行描述。有些过去分词已经被看作是形容词。如 delighted, disappinted, discuraged, drunk, interested, crwded, tired satisfied, pleased, surprised, excited, married等。
作______________：与宾语时逻辑动宾关系，表示被动和完成
三、不定式
T see is t believe.
I wnder hw t get alng well with parents.
I think it impssible t ask him t change his mind.
He needs t take a shwer immediately.
Her dream is t be a singer.
I’m hungry. Let’s find a place t eat.
Little Tm finds n ne t play with.
He wrked day and night t earn mney.
They are very sad t hear the news.
It’s t heavy t carry.
He warned me nt t lie t him.
The bss makes the wrkers wrk day and night.
Wuld yu like t help me (t) carry the bx upstairs?
根据例句分析，不定式在句子中可做___________,__________,___________,_______________,__________,_______
定语
(1). 不定式作定语，一般要放在所修饰词的后面
e.g. I’m hungry. Let’s find a place t eat.
(2). 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面需要加上相应介词
小汤姆发现没有人和他一起玩。
Little Tm finds n ne t play. （×）
Little Tm finds n ne t play with. （√）
状语
(1). 表_______ e.g. He wrked day and night t earn mney.
(2). 表__________ e.g. They are very sad t hear the news.
(3). 表___________e.g. It’s t heavy t carry.
宾语补足语
(1). 动词 + _____ + t d
此类动词有：tell, ask, want, wish, wuld like, expect, allw, frbid, advise, rder, get, invite, remind, persuade, encurage, teach, warn等
他警告我不要对他撒谎。He warned me nt t lie t him.
(2). __________ / _________ + 宾语 + 不带t的动词不定式 （变为被动语态后不能省略t）
hear, feel, see, make, let , have等
e.g. My mther lets me finish my hmewrk befre watching TV.
The bss makes the wrkers wrk day and night.
The wrkers are made t wrk day and night.
(3). 作help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可以带t，也可以不带t
你愿意帮我把这些箱子搬到楼上去吗？Wuld yu like t help me (t) carry the bx upstairs?
习题训练
A
一、单项选择
1. (2020天津）________us prepare fr the exam, the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
A. T help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped
2. (2020天津）The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n it feet_____ fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw
A. being clapped B. clap C. clapped D. clapping
3.（2019江苏）_____ the cnvenience f digital payment, many citizens started t use smart phnes.
A. T enjyB. EnjyingC. T have enjyedD. Enjy
4. (2019江苏）China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries _______ its rle in internatinal affairs.
A. recgnizingB. being recgnized C. t be recgnized D. recgnized
5.（2015江苏）Much time _____ sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
6.（2019天津）____ t think critically is an vital skill tday’s children will need fr the future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
7. （2019天津）Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially ________ t help them succeed academically and persnally.
A. designed B. designing C. t design D. being designed
8.（2018北京）_________ alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled
9. （2018北京）In any unsafe situatin, simply _________ the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.
A. pressB. t pressC. pressing D. pressed
10. （2018北京）Ordinary sap, _________ crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. usedB. t useC. usingD. use
B
二、单句语法填空
(2018全国卷II)Anther reasn fr crn’s rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice _________ (imprve) water quality.
(2018全国卷II)China’s apprach t prtecting its envirnment while _______ (feed) its citizens “ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide.” says the bank’s Juergen Vegele.
(2018全国卷III)I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid _ (lk) directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel _______ (challenge).
(2018全国卷III)He was just saying: "I’m king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____ (stay)and watch.
【2018·北京】________ (travel) alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting experience.
【2018·北京】 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether _________ (share) a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
【2018·北京】 Ordinary sap, _________ (use) crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
【2018·天津】 I didn't mean ___________(eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help_______ (try) it.
【2018·天津】I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs___________.(take)
【2018·江苏】Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, _______ (exceed) the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
【2018·浙江】I still remember ____ (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
C
单句改错
1. ( 2018年全国Ⅰ卷) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish.
2. ( 2018年全国Ⅱ卷) As a kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t watching them, my parents wuld nt let me.
3. ( 2018年全国Ⅲ卷) Everyne was silent, wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud.
4. ( 2018年全国Ⅲ卷) Sme f us were cnfident and eager take part in the class activity; thers were nervus and anxius.
5. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is n the rftp f their huse.
6. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) When summer cmes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
7. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) Abut ne mnth after this pht was tk, I entered my secnd year f high schl and became a new member f the schl music club.
8. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) We can chse between staying at hme and take a trip.
9. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) I shwed them I was independent by wear strange clthes.
10. (2015全国II卷) After lks at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund that his parents were missing.
主动
被动
基本式
ding / nt ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne