2026年中考英语一轮复习名词专题课件

这是一份2026年中考英语一轮复习名词专题课件，共73页。PPT课件主要包含了a girl，flowers，Shanghai，名词的定义，beauty，名词的分类，普通名词，专有名词，不可数名词，可数名词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
名词的定义：表示人、事物、地点、及其他抽象概念名称的词。
定义：普通名词表示一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称。
I like fruit.
Cats are very cute.
定义：专有名词主要指人名、地名、机构名、江河湖海名等事物特有的名称，首字母大写。
Harry Prter
Assciatin f Sutheast Asian Natins
three apples
定义：表示可以计数的人、事物的名词。
定义：单个人或单个事物的名词。
结论二：以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加es。
结论三：以辅音+y结尾的单词，将y改为i再加es。
结论四：① 以f或fe结尾的单词，将f或fe改为v再加es。
妻子(wife)提刀(knife)去砍狼(wlf)，小偷(thief)见了着了慌，架子(shelf)底下躲自(self)命(life)，半片(half)树叶(leaf)遮目光。
rf rfsbelief beliefsprf prfschief chiefs
结论四：② 部分以f结尾的单词，直接加s。
结论五：① 黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。加es。
结论五：② 以“”结尾的无生命的单词加s。
结论五：③ 某些以“”结尾的名词加s或es都可。
zers / zeres
mangs / manges
② 部分以f结尾的单词，直接加s。
结论五：① 黑人英雄像火山，爱吃土豆西红柿加es。
② 以“”结尾的无生命的单词加s。
deer —— deer
sheep —— sheep
fish —— fish
means—— means
tth —— teeth
muse —— mice
crisis—— crises
child —— children
结论三：词尾加en或ren。
phenmenn —— phenmena
medium—— media
定义：表示一群人或一些事物的名词。
以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
All my family enjy reading.My family is the biggest ne in this twn.
结论一：family、class、team作主语时，若视为整体，表示单数意义；若强调个体成员，表示复数意义。
结论二：plice、cattle、 peple作主语时谓语动词只能用原形。
The plice are asking him questins.
结论：以上词及cmpasses, gds, scissrs使用时以复数形式出现。
结论：这类名词要表达具体数目时，需要借助量词，在量词后面加s。
tw pairs f trusers
形式为复，意义为单的名词
结论：表示学科，疾病, 报刊杂志名称的单词及the United States，形式为复，意义为单。
The Arabian Nights is a very interesting strybk.
They are Japanese.
Yu are Swiss.
We are Chinese.
Englishman —— Englishmen
Frenchman —— Frenchmen
结论二：复合名词man改为men。
German —— Germans
American —— Americans
结论三：非复合名词直接加s。
wmen teachers
结论一：由man和wman构成的复合名词两部分都要变为复数。
apple trees
结论二：有主体词，在主体词后加s。
结论三：无主体词直接在后面加s。
I写出下列单词的复数形式party ____________ flwer ____________ day _____________ tmat ____________ bus ____________ student ____________knife ___________ muse _____________ pht __________ wman _________ tth ___________ child ____________watch __________ Chinese ___________ German _________ sheep ___________ Frenchman ________ ptat ____________passer-by __________ grwn-up ____________ belief _________ ty _____________ ft ____________
a ten-mile walk
a 200-page bk
结论四：名词作定语用单数形式。
定义：不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。
定义：构成各种物体的物质或材料的名词。
kindhearted
定义：表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词。
a piece f newstw bttles f waterfive bwls f ricethree cups f teanine glasses f beerfur sets f furniture
结论：不可数名词表示数量时，可以添加量词。
IV 单选题1. I fund her sitting in the crner, reading _______ newspaper, with ______ in her eyes.a; tear B. a piece; tears C. a; tears D. a piece f; tear2. The bys have gt _________ already.tw bread B. tw breads C. tw pieces f bread D. tw piece f bread3. There is a ___________ f wd left n the grund.cup B. piece D. grup D. pair 4. She brke __________ while she was washing up.a glass f wine B. a glass fr wine C. a glass wine D. a wine glass5. Yu played the vilin wnderfully. Will yu please play anther ________?A. ne B. game C. prgramme D. piece
Wuld yu like sme water?I have little mney.He spent a large amunt f time n his research prject.
结论：sme, any, a lt f, lts f, plenty f, much, little, a little, a great deal f, a small amunt f等可以修饰不可数名词。
IV 单选题1. ______ new prducts have been successfully trial-prduced.A great deal f B. A large amunt f C. A plenty f D. A large number f2. Ten years had passed. I fund she had _____________.A. a few white hairs B. a little white hair C. sme white hair D. mre white hair
翻译下面的词组一把剪刀_____________________; 两辆火车 _____________________;三杯水 _______________________; 四个人 _______________________;五只绵羊 _____________________; 六片面包 _____________________;七匹马 _______________________; 八碗米饭 ______________________;九瓶牛奶 _____________________; 十张纸 ________________________.
a pair f scissrs
three glasses f water
six pieces f bread
seven hrses
eight bwls f rice
nine bttles f milk
ten pieces f paper
I ften have ____ （fish） fr lunch.Let's g fishing. There are s many kinds f_______ (fish) in the river.Wuld yu like sme mre _______(fruit) ?There are s many kinds f________ (fruit) in the greengrcery.His favurite_______(fd) is meat.There are s many kinds f________ (fd) in the supermaket.
结论：泛指某一类事物时不可数，强调种类时可数。
The Whites came t see me yesterday.The Jhns are watching TV.
结论：the+姓氏复数表一家人或夫妇两人。
IV 单选题1. ________ hate traveling by train.A. Greens B. Green C. The Green D. The Greens
用所给名词的正确形式填空1. She has blue ___________ (eye).2. He has gt shrt black ____________ (hair).3. Culd yu give me sme ____________ (mney)?4. I want t write a letter. I need a _________ (pen) and sme _________ (paper).5. The tur guide gave us sme _____________ (infrmatin) abut the city.6. There are fur ____________ (Japanese) and tw _____________ (German) in the grup. 7. We shuld clean ur ______ (tth) twice a day. 8. The _________ (teacher) meeting rm is near the reading rm.
用所给名词的正确形式填空9. They wrte mst f their _____________________ (business letter) in English. 10. These __________________ (wman dctr) were sent t the villages t help the farmers. 11. We came t a ________ (watch) shp at last and went in. 12. I wnder why ________ (peple) are s interested in actin mvies. 13. This is my ________ (sister) dictinary. 14. Jane gave me lts f useful ________ (advice) n hw t learn English, and I was very grateful t her.15. _________ (leaf) turn green in spring.  
business letters
名词后缀-er / -r 表示“人或用具”，一般在以“t”结尾的词后加“-r”farmer, driver, cker, cntainer，actr, cmpetitr, cnductr, creatr, directr, editr, translatr, sailr, visitr-ese 表示“某国人” Chinese, Japanese -ian 表示“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, magician, librarian, histrian-ist 表示“某种主义或宗教的信仰者，某学科的研究者，某乐器的演奏者，某工作的从事者” scialist, Buddhist, physicist, scientist, pianist, guitarist,vilinist-ess 表示“女性，雌性” hstess, actress, princess, waitress, gddess-ment 表示“做某事的动作、原因，手段，结果 ” agreement, judg(e)ment, mvement, achievement
-ness 表示“性质，状态，程度” illness, sadness, carelessness, fairness, happiness, kindness, weakness,awareness-in /-atin/ / -sin 表示“行为，状态，结果” discussin, expressin, preparatin, expectatin, cnsideratin,decisin, cnclusin, permissin-ance/ -ence表示“动作、性质、状态” appearance, entrance, guidance, imprtance,cnfidence, dependence, existence -th表示“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth, strength, grwth, length, breadth-ful表示“充满……所需的量” handful, spnful, muthful
-ity / -ty / -(a)bility表示“具有某种特性的状态；具有某种特性的事物” activity, creativity, equality, natinality, persnality, pssibility-al表示“动作、过程、状态” arrival, refusal, denial-y / - ry表示“行为，性质，状况” difficulty, hnesty, bravery (adj.+y=n.) delivery, discvery （v.+y=n.）-dm表示“处于……状态；性质” freedm, wisdm-age表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果” strage, marriage, shrtage, usage-ure / -ture 表示 “动作，状态”failure, pressure, mixture
词形转换able adj. 有能力的，能够的 → ______________ n. 能力，才能act v. 扮演；表演；→ _________ n. 行动 → ___________ adj. 积极的，主动的agree v. 同意 → ______________ n. 同意art n. 艺术 → ______________ n. 艺术家 → _________ adj. 艺术的begin v. 开始 → ______________ n. 开始，开端attract v. 吸引 → ___________ n. 吸引力；吸引物 → _________ adj. 有吸引力的enter v. 进入；参加 → _________ n. 入口fail v. 失败 → _________ n. 失败warm adj.温暖的 → _________ n. 温暖press v. 压→ _________ n.压力
The theme f this lecture
定义：表示名词之间的所有关系，有‘s和f两种形式。
The children's schl is beautiful.
结论一：直接在词尾加's。
The by's schlbag is yellw.
The teachers' ffice is tidy
结论二：s结尾的名词加'。
Jenny and Helen's rm
结论三：两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格;分别所有，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。
Jenny's and Helen's rms
ten minutes' walk
China's future
结论四：表示时间、距离、国家、城市、度量衡、价值等无生命的所有格，也可以在词尾加's或'。
the baker’s
the Smith’s
结论五：the+职业/姓氏/称呼‘s，表示某类店铺或某某家。
The legs f the table are shrt.
The key t the dr is silver.
结论：用A f B或A t B结构表示无生命的所有格。
有生命的名词用f的情况
The prtrait f her father, William Smith
D yu knw the name f the teacher standing ver there?
结论二：名词后有后置定语时
They have the supprt f the peple f the develping cuntries.
有生命的所有格变化规则
无生命的所有格变化规则
定义：即“f+名词所有格”。
a friend f Jhn's
Sme inventins f Edisn's
my mther's a studentyurs tw bks Frank's sme pencils
a student f my mther's
tw bks f yurs
sme pencils f Frank's
结论一、名词前有冠词、某些不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、数词等时，用双重属格，表中的多少。
结论二、“f+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
注意：比较以下两者之间的区别a prtrait f Mr. Brwn’s 布朗先生的一幅画像a prtrait f Mr. Brwn 布朗先生的肖像
（指布朗先生所收藏的一幅画像，画像不一定是布朗本人）
（指画中画的是布朗先生）
1. This is ___________ rm. The twin sisters like it very much.Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s D. Lucy and Lily2. Billy and I are gd friends. I have _______. Lk at this ne; hw sweet he is smiling! sme pictures f Billy’ B. sme picture f Billy C. sme Billy’s pictures D. sme pictures f Billy3. The pst card is sent by ______________.a friend f my father B. a friend f my father’s C. my father friend D. my father friend’s
Time flies like an arrw. He is reading a bk. I am a teacher. Let’s g t the bk stre! The ld man called my uncle Xia Li. He was elected Mnitr f ur class. Yu, bys, sit dwn.
名词在句中可作：主，宾，表，定，状，补，同位语。
(teacher作表语)
（Xia Li作宾语补语）
(Mnitr作主语补语)