2025译林新版八年上册英语 Unit 3 To be a good learner ! 讲义

这是一份2025译林新版八年上册英语 Unit 3 To be a good learner ! 讲义，共51页。
Unit 3 To be a good learner !单词解析Learner (名词) 学习者【用法讲解】 learner为可数名词，其复数形式为learners。 Eg: Each learner has their own learning style. 每个学习者都有自己的学习风格。The online course is designed for self - directed learners. 这门线上课程是为自主学习和设计的。【常见搭配】 language learner 语言学习者 Eg: As a language learner, she practices speaking every day. 作为一名语言学习者，她每天练习口语。【派生词】 Learn为动词，译为“学习，了解”，其过去式为learned或learnt。 Eg: I learned English at the age of six. 我六岁开始学英语。【常见搭配】 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 Learn about sth. 了解某事 Learn ... from sb./sth. 从某人/某物中学到... Learn by heart 背诵，记住 Eg: I want to learn to play the guitar. 我想学习弹吉他。She learned about world history in her class. 她在课堂上学习了世界历史。We can learn a lot from our mistakes. 我们从错误中学习到很多东西。He learned the poem by heart for the recitation contest. 他为朗诵比赛背下了那首诗。【易混辨析】 study和learn区别 study强调学习的过程，常用于科学、艺术和需要深入探讨的问题及学科； learn侧重学习的成果，强调从不知到知、从不会到会的过程，通常用于获取知识和技能。 Eg: He is studying at Beijing University. 他在北京大学学习。He learned traditional Chinese medicine from a famous Chinese doctor.他在跟随译为著名的中国医生学习中医。【即学即用】( )1. We should _______ those heroes like Lei Feng. They are really examples for us.learn B. learn from C. learn about D. learn byYoung ________ (learn) are usually curious about new knowledge. 答案： 1. B 2. learnersFeed (动词) 为...提供食物、喂养【用法讲解】feed为动词时，其过去式为fed，过去分词为fed；feed还可为名词，译为“一餐”。 Eg: I have to feed the cat. 我得喂猫。The baby needs a feed now. 婴儿现在需要喂奶了。【常见搭配】 feed sth. to sb. = feed sb. with sth. 喂某人某物 Feed on ... 以...为食 Feed back 反馈 Be fed up with ... 对...感到厌烦 Feed off 以某物为能量来源、从某处取食 Eg: She feeds rice to her baby. = She feeds her baby with rice. 她给她的宝宝喂米饭。The lion feeds on meat. 狮子以肉为食。Please feed back your thoughts on the new project. 请反馈你对新项目的想法。I’m fed up with his constant complaints. 我受够了他没完没了的抱怨。The speaker fed off the audience’s enthusiasm. 演讲者从听众的热情中汲取能量。Feed off the shared plate. 从共享餐盘中取食。【即学即用】金丝猴以竹的果实和嫩叶为食。 Golden monkeys _______ ______ fruits and young leaves of bamboo. 答案：feed onFish (动词) 钓鱼、捕鱼【用法讲解】 fish还可为可数名词，此时表示“鱼的种类”，其复数形式为fishes，在表示“鱼的条数”时，单复数同形；fish还可为不可数名词，此时表示“鱼肉”。 Eg: We love to fish in the river during the summer. 夏天我们喜欢在河里钓鱼。I caught two fish in the lake. 我在湖里钓到了两条鱼。There are many kinds of fishes in the ocean. 海洋里有很多种类的鱼。I love fish, but I don’t like fish milkshakes. 我喜欢鱼肉，但我不喜欢鱼奶昔。【常见搭配】 go fishing 去钓鱼 Fish for sth. 捕捞或寻找某物 Fish in troubled waters 浑水摸鱼 Eg: My grandfather likes going fishing very much. 我爷爷非常喜欢钓鱼。He is fishing for compliments. 他正在寻求别人的恭维。Some companies fish in troubled waters during economic crises by exploiting price gaps. 一些公司会在经济危机时浑水摸鱼，利用价格差牟利。【派生词】 fishing为名词，译为“钓鱼、渔业”； fisher为名词，译为“渔夫”； fishery为名词，译为“渔场”。 Eg: Fishing is good at high water. 高水位有利于钓鱼。 The fisher cast his net into the river. 渔夫把网撒进河里。The coastal area is famous for its rich fishery. 这个沿海地区以其丰富的渔业而闻名。【即学即用】( )1. There are many kinds of _____ in the river near our house. We can go _______ there.fishes; fish B. fishes; fishing C. fish; fish D. fish; fishing答案：BLifetime (名词) 一生、有生之年【用法讲解】 lifetime常为不可数名词；lifetime还可为可数名词，此时译为“有效期、使用周期”，其复数形式为lifetimes。 Eg: During her lifetime, she never gave up her dream. 在她的一生中，她从未放弃梦想。The satellite has a lifetime of 10 years. 卫星寿命为十年。【常见搭配】 in one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中 Eg: He achieved great success in his lifetime. 他在一生中取得了巨大的成功。【即学即用】She dedicated her ________ (一生) to helping others. 答案： lifetimeJourney (名词) 旅程、旅行【用法讲解】 journey为可数名词，其复数形式为journeys；还可作动词，译为“旅行”。 Eg: He planned a journey across Europe by train. 他计划乘火车穿越欧洲旅行。 They journeyed through the desert for weeks. 他进行为期几周穿越沙漠的旅行。【常见搭配】 on the journey 在旅行中 Have a pleasant journey 一路顺风 Have a good journey 旅途愉快 Journey to 地点名词 旅行到某地 The journey of life 人生旅程 Eg: They are on a journey to discover new cultures. 他们在旅行中探索新的文化。 Journey to the West. 西游记 The journey of life is like a bus trip. 人的一生，像乘坐一辆公交车。【易混辨析】 Journey, trip, travel与tour区别： journey着重指“长距离的、陆上的旅行” Trip 指“任何方式的短途旅行” travel泛指旅行的过程，尤指出国旅行 tour常指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”【即学即用】( )1. It’s a long _______ from Beijing to Hainan.journey B. trip C. travel D. tour答案： ASingle (形容词) 单个的、单身的【用法讲解】 single还可为名词，译为“单程票、单打比赛”；single还可为动词，译为“挑出”。 Eg: Similar circumstances only arise within a single historical period. 类似条件仅出现于单个历史时期内。My sister stayed single all along. 我姐姐一直是单身。Do you want a single or a return ticket? 你要单程票还是往返票？Table tennis includes single, double, mixed doubles, and team competitions. 乒乓球分为单打、双打、混合双打和团体比赛四种赛式。They singled out the biggest apple. 他们挑出最大的苹果。【常见搭配】 single room 单人间 Single bed 单人床 Eg: What’s the rate for a single room? 单人间的价格是怎么样的？She managed to drag the single bed to her bedroom. 她费了很大劲把单人床拖进卧室里。【即学即用】She is a s________ mother raising two children on her own. 答案：singleAgainst (介词) 逆、反对【用法讲解】 against还可译为“依靠”。 Eg: He is against the war. 他反对战争。 The chair is against the wall. 椅子靠着墙。【常见搭配】 against the law 违法 Be against doing sth. 反对做某事 Eg: This is against the law. 这是违法的。 I’m against cutting down the trees. 我反对砍伐树木。【即学即用】We’ll play _______ Class Three.against B. in C. to D. with答案： AFall behind 落后Eg: I fell behind the class in math. 我在数学上落后于全班同学。【知识拓展】 fall作动词时，译为“进入（某状态）、落下、掉落”，其过去式为fell，过去分词为fallen；fall还可以作名词，为美式英语中的“秋天”，autumn为英式英语中的“秋天”。 Eg: The leaves begin to fall when autumn comes. 树叶在秋天开始落下。It's very slippery. You’ll fall. 地面很滑，你会跌倒的。No one knows why the house prices have fallen. 没人直到为什么房价下跌了。【用法讲解】 fall down 跌倒、落下 Fall ill 生病 Fall asleep 入睡、睡着 Fall rain 秋雨 Eg: She accidentally fell down the stairs. 她不小心从楼梯上摔下来了。He fell ill after eating the contaminated food. 他吃了被污染的食物后生病了。He fell asleep while reading the book. 他在读书时睡着了。The fall rain made the streets wet and slippery. 秋雨让街道变得潮湿光滑。【即学即用】我真的很担心我的学习落后了。 I’m really worried that I’m ________ ________ in my studies. 答案：falling behindSuccessful (形容词) 有成效的、成功的 Eg: He is a successful businessman. 他是一个成功的商人。【常见搭配】 be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事 Eg: They were successful in winning the contract. 他们成功赢得了合同。【派生词】 success为不可数名词，译为“成功、胜利、成就”； succeed为动词，译为“成功、继任、接替、紧接着”； successfully为副词，译为“成功地”。 Eg: Their success is due in large part to their determination. 他们成功在很大程度上应归于他们的决心。 He succeeded at his new project. 他在新项目上取得成功。The vice president will succeed the president. 副总统将继任总统。Night succeeds day. 夜晚紧接着白天而来。They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. 他们成功地把知识传授给他人。【常见搭配】 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Succeed at sth. 在某种技能或学科上取得成就 Succeed to sth. 继承（地位、财产等） Succeed with sth. 在某方面获得成功 the key to success 成功的秘诀 Eg: We succeeded in repairing the engine. 我们成功地修好了发送机。He succeeded at playing the piano. 他在弹钢琴上取得了成功。She succeeded to the throne. 她继承了王位。He succeeded with his business plan. 他的商业计划获得了成功。 Do you know the key to success? 你知道成功的秘诀吗？ 【即学即用】1. She is ____________ (success) in her career.2. She succeeded in __________ (pass) the exam. 答案：1. successful 2. passingDrive (名词) 冲劲、本能需求【用法讲解】 drive作名词时，还可译为“驱车旅行”；drive还可为动词，译为“驾驶、迫使、推动”，其过去式为drove，过去分词为driven。 Eg: She has a drive to succeed. 她有成功的冲动。I went for a drive in the countryside. 我开车去乡下。She drives a car to work every day. 我每天开车上班。The farmer drove the cattle to the field. 农民把牛赶到田野。The team is driven to complete the project on time. 团队致力于按时完成项目。【常见搭配】 have a drive for ... 对...有冲劲、有对...的本能需求drive sb. crazy/ mad 使某人发疯或抓狂 Drive sb. away 赶走某人 Drive home sth. 强调某点 Drive out sth. 消除或根除某物 Take a drive 短途驾驶 Eg: Tom has a strong drive for knowledge, so he always studies hard. 汤姆对知识有强烈的冲劲，所以他总是努力学习。The constant delays are driving me mad! 不断的延误快把我逼疯了！High prices drove away potential buyers. 高价吓退了潜在买家。She drove home the need for teamwork. 她反复强调团队合作的必要性。Efforts to drive out invasive species continue. 根除外来入侵物种的努力持续进行。We took a drive to watch the sunset. 我们开车去看日落。【派生词】 driver为名词，译为“司机”。 Eg: The bus driver asked them to move along. 公共汽车司机让他们往里走走。【即学即用】有时金钱可以让人疯狂，甚至毁掉他们。 Sometimes money can _______ _______ ________ and even kill them.The ________ (drive) sits at the front of the bus. 答案：1. drive people crazy 2. driverGuide (动词) 指导、给某人领路（或导游）【用法讲解】 guide为可数名词，其复数形式为guides，译为“导游、指南、手册”。 Eg: She wrote a guide to healthy eating. 她写了一本健康饮食指南。The guide led us through the ancient temple. 导游带领我们参观了古庙。He guided the tourists around the museum. 他带领游客参观博物馆。【常见搭配】 tour guide 导游 Guide sb. to 地点 领某人去某地guide sb. in doing sth. 指导某人做某事 Be guided by sth./ sb. 受...的指导/引导 User guide 用户指南/使用说明书 Follow one’s guide 听从某人的指引 Guide line 准则、指导方针guide away 引导离开 Eg: The coach guided the team to victory. 教练带领球队取得了胜利。 We should be guided by facts and not by rumors. 我们应该以事实为依据，而不是听信谣言。 Please read the user guide before using his product. 请在使用本产品前阅读用户指南。 Just follow my guide, and you won’t get lost. 只要听我的指引，你就不会迷路。 The company follows strict guide lines in its operations. 公司在运营中严格遵守指导方针。 Police guided the crowd away from the accident. 警察疏散人群离开事故现场。【即学即用】( )1. Miss Wang guided us _____ the Great Wall.at B. in C. to D. with答案： CLifelong (形容词) 终身的【用法讲解】 lifelong在句中常位于名词前作定语。 Eg: She has a lifelong love of reading. 她有着终身的阅读热爱。【常见搭配】 lifelong learning 终身学习 Eg: The company offers lifelong learning opportunities for its employees. 这个公司为其员工提供终身学习的机会。【即学即用】Their friendship has lasted a ___________(终身的) journey. 答案：lifelongInventor (名词) 发明家【用法讲解】 inventor为可数名词，其复数形式为inventors。 Eg: Many inventors have patents for their creations. 许多发明家都拥有自己创造的专利。【派生词】 invent为动词，译为“发明”； Invention为可数名词，译为“发明物、发明”。Eg: He invented a new tool that can make work easier. 他发明了一种能让工作更容易的工具。The invention of the printing press revolutionized communication. 【常见搭配】 invent an excuse/ a story 编造借口/故事 Invent a method to ... 发明一种...的方法 Eg: He invented an excuse to leave early. 他编造一个借口想早点离开。Scientists invented a new method to study the disease. 科学家们发明了一种研究这种疾病的新方法。【易混辨析】 create、invent和discover区别 Create指从无到有地“创造”出本不存在的东西； invent指通过研究、实验和劳动“发明”出前所未有的产品； discover指发现过去本存在但尚未被人发现的事物。 Eg: My father created many perfect works for my family. 我爸爸为这个家创造了许多完美的工具。 Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯。 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 1492年哥伦布发现了美洲。【即学即用】Thomas Edison is a very famous ________ (invent).( )2. Shakespeare ______ quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays.found B. created C. invented D. discovered 答案：1. inventor 2. BFound (动词) 创建、建立【用法讲解】 found译为“创建、建立”时，其过去式为founded，过去分词为founded；found还是动词find（找到）的过去式及过去分词形式。 Eg: They plan to found a new club next month. 他们计划下个月创办一个新俱乐部。I found my keys under the sofa yesterday. 我昨天在沙发上找到了我的钥匙。She has found the answer to the question. 她已经找到了这个问题的答案。【常见搭配】 be founded on/ upon 以...为基础或根据 Eg: Their friendship was founded on mutual trust. 他们的友谊建立在相互信任之上。【派生词】 founder为名词，译为“创始人”。 Eg: He is the founder of International Sports Management Limited. 他是国际体育管理有限公司的创始人。【即学即用】( )1. He _______ a charity to help homeless people.founded B. found C. find D. finds答案：A Talent (名词) 天资、才能、有才能的人【用法讲解】 talent在表示“天赋、才能”时为不可数名词；在表示“人才、天才”或“不同类型的天赋”时为可数名词，其复数形式为talents。 Eg: The company is looking for new talents. 公司正在寻找新人才。 Mozart was a musical talent. 莫扎特是一位音乐天才。 Her talents include painting and singing. 她的才能包括绘画和唱歌。 She has artistic talent. 她有艺术天赋。 His talent for languages impressed the interviews. 他的语言天赋让面试官赞叹。【常见搭配】 talent show 才艺表演 Have a talent for sth. 在某方面有天赋（侧重与生俱来的能力） Be talented in sth. 在某方面有才能（侧重通过努力在某方面取得的成就） Eg: The school will hold a talent show next week. 学校下周将举行才艺表演。He has a talent for writing. 他有写作天赋。She is talented in playing the piano. 她在弹钢琴方面有才能。【易混辨析】 talent、ability与gift区别： Talent通常指与生俱来的、不需要太多后天努力所表现出来的特殊能力或天赋； ability侧重于通过后天学习或训练获得的技能或能力； gift通常指某人天生具有的、在某方面特别出色的能力或特质。 Eg: He showed great talent as a musician from a young age. 他从小就显示出非凡的音乐才能。 His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. 他非凡的能力为他在队里赢得了一席之地。Her special gift set her apart from her fellow students. 她的特殊才能使她在同学中鹤立鸡群。【即学即用】他有语言天赋。He ______ ______ ______ _______ languages.答案：has a talent forCentury (名词) 世纪、百年【用法讲解】 century为可数名词，其复数形式为centuries。 Eg: This century has seen unprecedented technological advancements. 本世纪见证了前所未有的技术进步。【常见搭配】 the + 序数词 + century ...世纪 Turn of the century 世纪之交 Eg: The 20th century was marked by two world wars and significant social changes. 20世纪以两次世界大战和重大的社会变革为标志。We are now at the turn of the century, facing new challenges and opportunities. 我们现在正处于世纪之交，面临着新的挑战和机遇。【即学即用】( )1. Many great artists emerged during the _________.19 century B. 19th century C. 19 centuries D. 19th centuries答案： BSet.. apart 使...突出、使...与众不同 Eg: His confidence sets him apart from his classmates. 他的自信心使他有别于同班同学。 This restaurant sets itself apart by offering unique and delicious dishes. 这家餐厅以其独特而美味的菜肴脱颖而出。【知识拓展】 set作动词，译为“放置、设定、落下”等；set还可为名词，译为“一组”等。 Eg: Please set the clock for 7 am. 请把闹钟设定在早上七点。 The sun sets in the west. 太阳从西边落下。【常见搭配】 set sth. on sth. 将某物放在另一物体上 Set sth. in sth. 以某地为背景 Set about sth. 开始做某事 Set up 建立、组织 A set of ... 一套、一组 Set out 动身 Eg: She set the book on the table. 她把书放在桌子上。The movie is set in the Wild West. 这部电影以美国西部为背景。They set about building a new house. 他们开始建新房子。The company set up a new branch in Shanghai. 公司在上海设立了新分公司。There is a set of keys on the desk. 桌子上有一套钥匙。I set out to buy food. 我动身去买吃的。【即学即用】这座建筑的设计使它在城市中独树一帜。 The design of this building ______ it _______ from others in the city.( )2. My father _______ a printing business two years ago.set out B. set off C. set in D. set up答案：1. sets; apart 2. DPrint (名词) 印刷行业【用法讲解】 print作名词，还可译为“印刷品、印刷体”；print还可为动词，译为“打印”。 Eg: The artist made prints of his paintings. 艺术家制作了他画作的印刷品。 The book is still in print and can be purchased online. 这本书仍在印刷中，可以在网上购买。 I need to print out this document before the meeting. 我需要在会议前打印出这份文件。【常见搭配】 print ... out 打印出某物 Print ... up 临时性或紧急打印材料 In print 出版物（如书籍、报刊等）处于可购买状态 Out of print 绝版 Eg: Could you print out the report for me? 你能帮我把这份报告打印出来吗？We need to print up some flyers for the event. 我们需要为这次活动打印一些传单。Her novel is still in print after 10 years. 她的小说出版十年后仍在发行。The first edition is out of print, but you might find it secondhand. 第一版已经绝版了，但你可能在二手市场找到它。【派生词】 printer为名词，译为“打印机”。 Eg: The print quality of the new laser printer is super. 新激光打印机的打印质量好极了。【即学即用】The art gallery is exhibiting some beautiful p________ by famous artists. 答案：printsHimself (代词) 他自己【用法讲解】 himself为反身代词，在句中常作宾语或同位语。 Eg: He injured himself in the accident. 他在事故中受伤了。He himself has done it lots of times. 他亲自完成它许多次了。【常见搭配】 by himself 独自地、单独地 For himself 为自己 Be himself 行为自然、不做作 Eg: He likes to spend time by himself. 他喜欢独自消磨时间。He cooked dinner for himself. 他为自己做了晚饭。He should just be himself in the interview. 他在面试时应该自然地表现自己。【派生词】 he为人称代词主格形式，译为“他”； Him为人称代词宾格形式，译为“他”。 Eg: He is my best friend and he is from England. 他是我最好的朋友，他来自英国。With the help of him, my English is improving. 在他的帮助下，我英语正在提高。【即学即用】He enjoyed the book so much that he lost ______ (he) in it. 答案：himselfBookseller (名词) 书商【用法讲解】 bookseller为可数名词，其复数形式为booksellers。 Eg: She has set up in business as a bookseller. 她已经创业成为书商。 These books are obtainable from any booksellers. 这些书在任何书商那里都可以买到。【即学即用】__________ (bookseller) often attend publishing fairs. 答案：BooksellersReturn (动词) 归还【用法讲解】 return作动词，还可译为“返回”；还可为名词，译为“返回、回来、恢复”。 Eg: He will return home tomorrow. 我明天会回家。 The patient is slowly returning to health. 病人正在逐渐恢复健康。The return of the investment was very high. 这项投资的回报率很高。【常见搭配】 return sth. to sb./ sth. 把某物归还给某人/某处 Return to + 地点 = go back to 地点 回到某地 In return 作为回报（强调一种行为或态度的回应） In return for ... 作为对...的回报（强调一种明确的、具体的交换关系） In return to为in return for的非标准的英语短语，译为“作为对...的回报” Eg: I returned the book to the library. 我把书还给了图书馆。They will return to the office after the meeting. 会议结束后，他们会返回办公室。She helped me move, and I cooked dinner in return. 她帮我搬东西，作为回报我做晚饭。He gave me a gift in return for my help. 他给了我一份礼物以报答我的帮助。【即学即用】( )1. I don’t know when we will _______ Beijing.return back B. return to C. return back to D.return她帮我完成了项目，作为回报，我主动提出辅导她的儿子。 She helped me with my project, and ______ _______ ______ her kindness, I offered to tutor her son.答案：1. B 2. in return for Curious (形容词) 好奇的【用法讲解】 curious在句中常作定语和表语。 Eg: She is a curious child, always asking questions. 她是个好奇的孩子，总是问个不停。Babies are curious about everything around them. 宝宝对周围的一切都很好奇。【常见搭配】 be curious about ... 对...感到好奇的 Be curious to do sth. 很想做某事 Be curious that从句 奇怪的是... Eg: I’m curious about your plans for the future. 我对你未来的计划感到好奇。He was curious to know the result of the exam. 他很想指导考试的结果。It’s curious that he didn’t show up for the meeting. 奇怪的是他没有出席会议。【派生词】 curiosity为不可数名词，译为“好奇心”。 Eg: Her curiosity about the world never ceases. 她对世界的好奇心从未停止。【即学即用】I’m ________ (curiosity) about your opinion on this matter. 答案：curiousStorm (名词) 暴风雨【用法讲解】 storm为可数名词，其复数形式为storms；storm还可为动词，译为“下暴风雨、猛攻”。 Eg: The storm destroyed many houses. 暴风雨摧毁了许多房屋。It stormed all night. 暴风雨下了一整夜。Soldiers stormed the enemy base and captured it. 士兵们猛攻敌军基地并将其占领。【常见搭配】 a storm in a teacup 小题大做 Take by storm 惊艳众人 A storm of protest 强烈反对 Eg: Their quarrel was just a storm in a teacup. 他们的争吵只是小题大做。The new singer took the audience by storm. 这位新歌手惊艳了观众。The policy triggered a storm of protest. 这项整册引发了强烈反对。【派生词】 stormy为形容词，译为“暴风雨的、暴躁的”。 Eg: We had to cancel the picnic because of the stormy weather. 由于暴风雨天气，我们不得不取消野餐。His stormy temper made it difficult for him to get along with others. 他暴躁的脾气使他很难与别人相处。【即学即用】It’s been ________ (storm) all way. I hope it clears up soon. 答案： stormyFinding (名词) 调查发现【用法讲解】 finding为可数名词，其复数形式为findings。 Eg: These findings challenge previous theories. 这些发现挑战了先前的理论。【常见搭配】 make a finding 作出裁定、得出结论 In finding 在寻找...的过程中 Eg: The court made a finding of facts based on the evidence presented. 法院根据提交的证据作出了事实裁定。In finding the solution to the problem, we discovered a new method. 在寻找解决问题的过程中，我们发现了一种新方法。【派生词】 find为动词，译为“找到”。 Eg: It’s very difficult to find work at the moment. 目前很难找到工作。【知识拓展】 find为动词，译为“发现、感到”，其过去式为found。 Eg: I found my lost keys under the couch. 我在沙发下扎到了我丢失的钥匙。I found the book interesting. 她觉得这本书很有趣。【常见搭配】 find it + 形容词 + to do sth. 发现做某事很... Eg: I find it difficult to understand his accent. 我发现他的口音很难懂。【易混辨析】 discover、find和find out区别 discover常指发现本来存在但未被认识的事物、真理或情况； find常指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西，强调动作的结果； Find out常用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况。 Eg: Scientists discovered a new species of plant in the rainforest. 科学家在热带雨林中发现了一种新的植物物种。I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。【易混辨析】 find, find out及look for区别 find为动词，译为“找到；发现”，强调结果，后面需要跟宾语； Find out译为“发现；查明；了解”，指经过一番努力后才发现结果； Look for 译为“寻找”，强调找的动作 Eg: I looked for my ruler everywhere, but I can’t find it. 我到处找我的尺，但是我没有找到。 The police found out what happened last night. 警察了解了昨晚发生的事。【即学即用】The doctor’s __________ (find) were consistent with the patient’s symptoms.( )2. Journalists worked hard to _________ the truth behind the scandal.Look for B. look C. find D. find out 答案：1. findings 2. DPredict (动词) 预测 Eg: Experts predict a steady growth in the economy. 专家预测经济将稳步增长。【常见搭配】 predict that 从句 预测... Predict sth. for sb. sth. 为某人/某物预测某事 Be predicted to do sth. 被预测做某事 Eg: He predicted that an earthquake was imminent. 他预言即将发生地震。The meteorologist predicted heavy rain for tomorrow. 天气学家预测明天将有大雨。The new product is predicted to be a big hit. 这个新产品被预测会大受欢迎。【派生词】 prediction为名词，译为“预测、预言”。 Eg: The book contains many predictions about the future of technology. 这本书包含了许多关于技术未来的预测。【即学即用】The weather forecast p________ heavy rain for the weekend.The meteorologist made an accurate ________ (predict) about the hurricane’s path. 答案：1. predicted 2. predictionCountless (形容词) 数不尽的【用法讲解】 countless在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: There are countless reasons why I love this city. 我爱这座城市的理由有无数。The number of mistakes I made was countless. 我犯的错误多得数不清。【常见搭配】 countless times 无数次数 In countless ways 用无数种方式 Eg: I’ve warned him countless times no to do that. 我警告过他无数次不要那样做。Technology has changed our lives in countless ways. 科技以无数种方式改变了我们的生活。【派生词】 count为动词，译为“计数、认为”；count也可为名词，译为“数量”。 Eg: The teacher asked the students to count the number of books in the classroom. 老师让学生们数一数教室里有多少本书。I count him as one of my best friends. 我把他当作我最好的朋友之一。The count of people attending the meeting was over a hundred. 参加会议的人数超过了一百人。【常见搭配】 count down 倒数、倒计时 Count on/ upon 依靠、指望 Eg: We all count down from ten to zero. 我们都从十倒数到一。You can always count on me for help. 你可以随时指望我提供帮助。【即学即用】_________ (count) people have tried to solve this problem. 答案：CountlessCome as no surprise 不足为奇 Eg: Give his lack of preparation, his failure came as no surprise. 鉴于他毫无准备，他的失败并不令人惊讶。【知识拓展】 surprise在此处为名词，译为“惊喜、惊讶”；surprise还可为动词，译为“使惊讶”。【常见搭配】 To one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 In surprise 惊讶地 Surprise sb. with sth. 以某事引发惊讶 Surprise sb. by doing sth. 通过某种行为使某人惊讶 Eg: To my surprise, all the questions were different. 令我吃惊的是，所有的问题都不一样。He looked at me in surprise. 他惊讶地看着我。She surprised him with a handmade gift. 她用手工礼物让他惊喜。He surprised everyone by quitting his job. 他通过辞职让所有人惊讶。【派生词】surprising为形容词，译为“令人惊奇的”，常常用来修饰物； surprised为形容词，译为“感到吃惊的”，常常用来修饰人。【常见搭配】be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 Be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶 Eg: I was surprised at how quickly he finished the project. 我对他这么快完成项目感到惊讶。She was surprised to win the prize. 她对自己获奖感到非常惊讶。To my surprise, she passed the exam easily. 令我惊讶的是，她轻松地通过了考试。【即学即用】对于那些见过她努力工作的人来说，她的晋升并不令人惊讶。 Her promotion ________ ______ ______ ________ to those who had seen her hard work.Are you _______ (surprise) when someone looks at you in surprise? 答案：1. came as no surprise 2. surprisedFor free 免费Eg: I got this ticket for free from somebody who didn’t want it. 我从一个不需要这张票的人那里免费得到了它。【知识拓展】 free为形容词，译为“免费的、自由的、空闲的”等；free还可为副词，译为“免费地”；free还可为动词，译为“释放、解除”。【常见搭配】 Be free to do sth. 自由做某事 Free... from... 使...从...中解脱出来 Free time 空闲时间 Eg: You are free to go anywhere you wish. 你可以随心所欲地去任何地方。He gets a free afternoon once a week. 他每周有一个下午空闲。Children can get into the museum free. 儿童可以免费进入博物馆。I freed the bird from the cage. 我把笼子里的鸟放了出来。I have some free time this afternoon. 我今天下午有空闲时间。The city is free of/ from thieves. 这个城市没有小偷。【即学即用】 作为交换，他们可以免费住在房子里。In exchange, they can stay in the houses ________ _______.答案：for freeGreatness (名词) 伟大【用法讲解】 greatness为不可数名词。 Eg: The greatness of the idea inspired many. 这一想法的伟大之处激励了众人。The greatness of Nelson Mandela lies in his fight for equality. 纳尔逊. 曼德拉的伟大在于他为平等而战。【派生词】 great为形容词，译为“伟大的、重大的、好极了”。 Eg: She is a great singer. 她是一位伟大的歌手。 The company is facing a great challenge. 公司正面临一个重大挑战。The meal was great! 这顿饭好极了。【即学即用】She achieved __________ (great) in scientific research. 答案： greatnessSuccess (名词) 成功【用法讲解】 success为不可数名词，译为“成功、胜利、成就”。【派生词】 succeed为动词，译为“成功、继承”； successful为形容词，译为“成功的”； Successfully为副词，译为“成功地”。 Eg: His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。 Confidence is the key to success. 信心是成功的关键。 She is a successful actress. 她是一名成功的演员。【常见搭配】 the key to success 成功的秘诀succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Succeed to sth. 继承某物 Succeed after sth. 接替某物 Be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事 Eg: Do you know the key to success? 你知道成功的秘诀吗？ He succeed in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。 She succeeded to the mayoralty. 她继承了市长职位。We succeeded after Churchill as Prime Minister? 谁接替邱吉尔出任首相？They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取了那份合同。【即学即用】( )1. The girl had a great _______ in yesterday’s singing competition.success B. succeed C. successful D. successfullyI didn’t expect him to become a ____________ (success) writer. 答案：1. A 2. successfulItalian (名词) 意大利语、意大利人【用法讲解】 Italian表示“意大利人”时为可数名词，其复数形式为Italians；Italian表示“意大利语”时为不可数名词；Italian还可为形容词，译为“意大利的”。 Eg: There are many Italians living in New York. 有许多意大利人住在纽约。She speaks Italian fluently. 她意大利语说得流利。Italian cuisine is famous all over the world. 意大利美食闻名世界。【派生词】 Italy为名词，译为“意大利”。 Eg: In 1882 Germany, Austria, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. 1882年，德国、奥地利和意大利组成了三国同盟。【即学即用】The _________ (Italy) artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall. 答案：ItalianThemselves (代词) 他们（她们、它们）自己【用法讲解】 themselves字句中常作宾语或同位语。 Eg: The children dressed themselves quickly. 孩子们很快就自己穿好了衣服。The scientists themselves verified the data. 科学家们亲自验证了数据。【常见搭配】 by themselves 单独地、独立完成 For themselves 为自己、亲自 Eg: The children cleaned the room by themselves. 孩子们自己打扫了房间。 They bought new clothes for themselves. 他们为自己买了新衣服。【派生词】 they为人称代词主格，译为“他们”； them为人称代词宾格，译为“他们”。 Eg: They couldn’t give me any more information. 他们不可能给我提供更多的信息。I can probably make the time to see them. 我大概能腾出时间去看望他们。【即学即用】They often help each other out, and in doing so, they strengthen _________ (they). 答案：themselvesConversation (名词) 交谈、谈话【常见搭配】 conversation表示“谈话行为”时为不可数名词；但在表示“一次具体的交谈”时为可数名词，其复数形式为conversations。 Eg: She is skilled in conversation. 她精通谈话。I had a great conversation with her yesterday. 我昨天和她进行了一次愉快的交谈。【常见搭配】 in conversation 正在交谈、在交谈中 Have a conversation with sb. 与某人进行交谈 Eg: They were in deep conversation when I walked in. 我走进来时，他们正在深入交谈。I need to have a conversation with my boss about my raise. 我需要和我的老板谈谈我的加薪问题。【即学即用】The ___________ (谈话) turned to politics. 答案：conversationTranslate (动词) 翻译 Eg: The poem doesn’t translate easily. 这首诗不容易翻译。 Can you translate this document for me? 你能帮我翻译这份文件吗？【常见搭配】 translate ... into ... 把...翻译成... Translate ... from ... to ... 把...从...翻译成... Translate as... 翻译为... Eg: Please translate this article into English. 请把这篇文章翻译成英文。She translated the contract from French into German. 她把这份合同从法语翻译成了德语。What does “hello” translate as in Spanish? “Hello”在西班牙语中翻译为什么？【派生词】 translation为名词，译为“翻译”； translator为名词，译为“翻译家”。 Eg: The translation of this book took several months. 这本书的翻译花了几个月的时间。She is a professional translator. 她是一名专业的翻译者。【即学即用】She worked as a __________ (translate) for a multinational company.她把这部小说翻译成了英语。 She _________ the novel ________ English. 答案：1. translator 2. translated; intoPage (名词) （书刊或纸张的）页【用法讲解】 page为可数名词，其复数形式为pages；page还可为动词，译为“给...标页码、翻页”。 Eg: Scroll down the page to see more information. 向下滚动页面查看更多信息。Remember to page the report before you bind it. 装订报告前记得给它标上页码。【常见搭配】 turn to Page ... 翻到第...页 Eg: Please turn to Page 10. 请翻到第10页。【即学即用】The answer can be found on ___________ (页) 15. 答案： pageBadly (副词) 严重地、厉害地【用法讲解】 badly在句中常用来修饰动词或形容词。 Eg: She sang badly in the competition. 她在比赛中唱得很糟糕。I’m badly hurt. 我受伤很重要。【派生词】 bad为形容词，译为“坏的、糟糕的、严重的”。 Eg: This i s a bad idea. 这是个坏主意。I feel bad about missing the meeting. 我为错过会议而感到糟糕。【即学即用】 I hurt my ankle ________ (bad) while playing football. 答案：badlyYourself (代词) 你自己【用法讲解】 yourself为反身代词，在句中常作宾语或同位语。 Eg: Please help yourself to some cake. 请随便吃些蛋糕。（作宾语）You yourself can solve this problem. 你自己能解决这个问题。（作同位语）【派生词】 yourselves为yourself的复数形式，译为“你们自己”； you为人称代词，译为“你、你们”； your为形容词性物主代词，译为“你的、你们的”； Yours为名词性物主代词，译为“你的、你们的”。 Eg: You must decide for yourselves. 得由你们自己来决定。You are my best friend. 你是我最好的朋友。I don’t believe this is your idea. 我不相信这是你的主意。This is not my book. Maybe it’s yours. 这不是我的书。也许是你的。【常见搭配】 (all) by yourself 独自地、单独地 Help yourself to sth. 随便吃/喝/用某物 Let yourself go 尽情享受、放松 Be above yourself 趾高气扬、得意忘形 Behave yourself 表现得体/遵守规矩 Eg: I’m amazed you managed to move those boxes all by yourself. 你居然能一个人搬动那些盒子，真让我吃惊。 You are asked to help yourself to food. 请你自取食物。 It’s a party -- let yourself go! 这是个聚会 -- 尽情地玩吧！ Don’t be above yourself. You still have a long way to go. 不要得意忘形，你还有很长的路要走。 Behave yourself or I’ll give you a thick ear. 你放规矩一些，不然我就揍你。【即学即用】Don't forget to take care of ___________ (you). 答案：yourself.Record (动词) 录制、记录；(名词) 记录、纪录 Eg: I checked my records and found no evidence to support his claim. 我查看了我的记录，没有发现支持他说法的证据。 He set a new world record in the 100- metre race. 他在100米赛跑中创造了新的世界纪录。【常见搭配】 keep a record of ... 记录某事 Break a record 打破记录 Set a record 创造记录 Hold a record 保持记录 Eg: He broke the world record for the longest jump. 他打破了跳远的世界记录。She set a new national record for the 100-meter-race. 她创造了一个100米比赛新的全国记录。We should record the events of the past. 我们应该记录过去的事件。【即学即用】This is a r________ of school attendance. 答案：recordSlashie (名词) 斜杠族、多重职业者【用法讲解】 slashie为可数名词，其复数形式为slashies。 Eg: She is a slashie, working as a programmer by day and a writer by night. 她是一个斜杠族，白天是程序员，晚上是作家。【即学即用】Being a ________ (斜杠族) allows him to explore different passions and interests. 答案：slashieDialect (名词) 方言【用法讲解】 dialect表示“具体方言种类”时为可数名词，其复数形式为dialects；dialect泛指“方言”时为不可数名词。 Eg: There are many dialects in China. 中国有多种方言。He studies dialect. 他研究方言。【派生词】 dialectal为形容词，译为“方言的、方言学的”。 Eg: This is a thesis of Guanyang dialectal grammar on the marker of continuous aspect. 本文是一篇研究灌阳话持续体标记的方言语法论文。【即学即用】The Sichuan d________ is famous for its spicy tones. 答案：dialectBesides (介词) 除...之外（还）【用法讲解】besides在作副词时，译为“而且”，常用于句首或句尾，用逗号隔开，引出补充说明或递进观点。 Eg: Besides English, she can speak French and Spanish. 除了英语，她还会说法语和西班牙语。 He has few friends besides us. 除了我们之外，他几乎没有朋友。 Besides writing novels, she volunteers at a library. 除了写小说，她还在图书馆做志愿者。 Besides, we need to consider the cost. 此外，我们还需要考虑成本。 I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。【易混辨析】 besides与except区别 besides表达“包含性排除”（包括被排除项）； except表达“排他性排除”（不包括被排除项）。 Eg: Besides tea, I also drink coffee. 除了茶，我还喝咖啡。（包括tea在内） I drink everything except tea. 我除了茶什么都喝。（排除tea）【即学即用】( )1. They have nothing _______ their dreams of success.beside B. except C. besides D. but答案： CPossible (形容词) 可能的【用法讲解】 possible在句中常作定语或表语。 Eg: We should consider all possible outcomes. 我们应该考虑所有可能的结果。Everything seems possible with hard work. 只要努力，一切皆有可能。【常见搭配】 As... as possible 尽可能... If possible 如果可能的话 It’s possible (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是有可能的 It’s possible that 从句 有可能... Eg: Please reply to my email as soon as possible. 请尽快回复我的邮件。 If possible, keep a diary every day. 如果可能的话，每天写日记。It is possible for us to learn a new language quickly with the right method. 对于我们来说用正确的方法，快速学习一门新语言是可能的。 It is possible that he will come late. 他有可能来晚了。【派生词】 impossible为形容词，译为“不可能的”； Possibility为名词，译为“可能性”； possibly为副词，译为“可能”。 Eg: I’m facing an impossible choice. 我面临着一个无法抉择的选择。The possibilities seem limitless. 可能性似乎是无限的。Under no circumstances could I possibly answer that question! 我绝不可能回答那个问题。【即学即用】It is _________ (possible) to predict (预测) what will happen in the future.我们尽量尽早完成这件事情。 We will try to do it ______ ______ ______ _______( )3. It is possible ______ him _______ his decision.for; change B. for; to change C. of; change D. of; to change 答案：1. impossible 2. as soon as possible 3. BSentence (名词) 句子【用法讲解】 sentence为可数名词，其复数形式为sentences；sentence还可作动词，译为“判决”。 Eg: The teacher wrote a sentence on the blackboard. 老师在黑板上写了一个句子。The court sentenced him to life imprisonment. 法院判处他终身监禁。【常见搭配】 make some sentences 造个句子 Sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑 Eg: My English teacher lets us make some sentences every day. 我们英语老师每天让我们造句子。The judge sentenced him to death. 法官判处他死刑。【即学即用】A ________ (句子) can be divided up into meaningful segments. 答案：sentenceRather than 而不是【用法讲解】 rather than常用来连接两个并列的名词、动词原形或doing、形容词、副词、介词短语或从句，表示在两者之间进行选择，倾向于前者而不是后者。 Eg: I decided to walk rather than take the bus. 我决定步行而不是乘坐公交车。She enjoys reading books rather than watching TV. 她喜欢看书而不是看电视。【即学即用】他选择住在城市而不是乡下。 He chose to live in the city ______ _______ in the countryside. 答案：rather thanPronunciation (名词) 发音【用法讲解】 pronunciation在表示抽象的“发音”时为不可数名词，在表示“不同形式或种类”时为可数名词，其复数形式为pronunciations。 Eg: Pronunciation is an important aspect of language learning. 发音是语言学习的重要方面。There are two different pronunciations of this word. 这个词有两种读法。【派生词】 pronounce为动词，译为“发音”。 Eg: How do you pronounce this word? 这个字怎么发音？-【即学即用】I’m having trouble with the _________ (pronounce) of this word. 答案：pronunciationGrammar (名词) 语法【用法讲解】 grammar表示“语法书”时为可数名词，其复数形式为grammars；在表示“语法规则或体系”时为不可数名词。 Eg: I found several useful grammars in the library. 我在图书馆里找到了基本有用的语法书。Grammar is an important part of language learning. 语法是语言学习的重要组成部分。【即学即用】She needs to review her _______ (语法) before the exam. 答案：grammarSlowly (副词) 慢速地、缓慢地【用法讲解】 slowly在句中常用来修饰动词。 Eg: He walked slowly down the street. 他慢慢地沿着街道走。【派生词】 slow为形容词，译为“慢的”。 Eg: The band finished with a few slow dances. 乐队左后演奏了几首节奏缓慢的舞曲。【即学即用】Please drive ________ (slow), it’s raining heavily. 答案： slowlyText (名词) 文本、文章【用法讲解】 text为可数名词，其复数形式为texts，还可译为“课文、正文、短信”；text还可为动词，译为“给...发短信”。 Eg: Please read the text carefully before answering the questions. 请仔细阅读课文后再回答问题。The text of the book is very interesting. 这本书的正文非常有趣。I received a text from my friend this morning. 今天早上我收到了朋友的一条短信。I texted her to tell her I would be late. 我给她发短信告诉她我会迟到。【即学即用】 We need to study the ______ (文章) carefully for the exam. 答案：textSpeech (名词) 演讲、说话的能力【用法讲解】 speech为可数名词，其复数形式为speeches。 Eg: Her fluent speech impressed the audience. 她流利的语言能力给听众留下了深刻的印象。【常见搭配】 give a speech 发表演讲 Make a speech 进行演讲 Eg: The president gave a speech at the opening ceremony. 总统在开幕式上发表了演讲。She was nervous before making her first speech. 她在发表第一次演讲前很紧张。【即学即用】I feel embarrassed (尴尬的) when making ________ (speech) in public. 答案：speechesAloud (副词) 出声地、大声地【用法讲解】 aloud常常用于修饰动词，强调声音被发出，可以被听到。 Eg: The students are reading aloud in the classroom. 学生们正在教室里大声朗读。【派生词】 Loudly为副词，译为“大声地”； loud为副词，译为“响亮的”，也可为形容词，译为“大声的”。 Eg: The audience laughed loudly. 观众们大笑起来。 He spoke in a loud voice. 他大声地说。The party was very loud. 聚会非常吵闹。【易混辨析】 loud，aloud和loudly区别 Loud为形容词，侧重声音的音量和传远性；可与speak、talk、laugh等连用； aloud为副词，强调发出声音，常与read、think、call、shout等连用； loudly为副词，强调声音的强度和方式.，常用于描述各种嘈杂的声音。 Eg: Please speak louder -- I can’t hear you. 请讲大声点 -- 我听不见。He called aloud for help. 他大声呼救。The bell rang loudly. 钟声大声地响起。【即学即用】( )1. She spoke in a _______ voice.aloud B. loudly C. loud D. be aloudPlease say it _______ (loud) so that everyone can hear you.答案： 1. C 2. aloudCorrectly (副词) 正确地【用法讲解】 correctly常用来修饰动词，表示动作或行为的准确性。 Eg: She answered the question correctly. 她正确地回答了问题。【常见搭配】 if I remember correctly 如果我没记错的话 Eg: If I remember correctly, the meeting was scheduled for 3 PM. 如果我没记错的话，会议安排在下午3点。【派生词】 correct为形容词，译为“正确的”。 Eg: Only one of the answers is correct. 这些答案中只有一个是正确的。【即学即用】It is important to pronounce words _________ (correct) in English. 答案： correctlySpelling (名词) 拼写【用法讲解】 spelling在表示“具体的拼写形式或方式”时为可数名词，其复数形式为spellings；spelling在表示“拼写能力/行为”时为不可数名词；spelling还可以看作动词spell的现在分词形式。 Eg: American and British spellings differ for some words. 某些单词的美式和英式拼法不同。Good spelling is essential in formal writing. 正式写作中良好的拼写很重要。The students are spelling these words. 学生们正在拼写这些词汇。【常见搭配】 spelling mistake 拼写错误 Spelling rules 拼写规则 Eg: I found a spelling mistake in the text. 我在文本中发现了一个拼写错误。You need to learn the spelling rules of English. 你需要学习英语的拼写规则。【派生词】 spell为动词，译为“拼写”。 Eg: Can you spell your name, please? 请拼写一下你的名字可以吗？【即学即用】Please check your _________ (spell) before submitting the essay. 答案：spellingRepeat (动词) 重复 Eg: Please repeat the question. 请重复这个问题。【常见搭配】 repeat oneself 重复自己的话 Repeat after sb. 跟着某人重复 Eg: She tends to repeat herself when she’s nervous. 她紧张时容易重复自己的话。Now, please repeat after me. 现在，请跟着我重复。【即学即用】He ________ (重复) the experiment three times. 答案： repeatedTourist (名词) 游客、观光者【用法讲解】 tourist为可数名词，其复数形式为tourists，其同义词为visitor。Eg: Many tourists visited the city last year. 去年许多游客访问了这座城市。【常见搭配】 foreign tourist 外国游客 Tourist attractions 旅游景点 Tourist season 旅游旺季 Eg: Foreign tourists are attracted by the beautiful scenery. 外国游客被美丽的风景所吸引。The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. 长城是中国著名的旅游景点之一。Summer is the tourist season in many coastal cities. 对于许多沿海城市来说，夏天是旅游旺季。【派生词】 tour作名词译为“巡回演出、行程、参观”；tour还可为动词，译为“游览、参观”。 Eg: We’re planning a tour of Europe next summer. 我们正计划明年夏天去欧洲旅行。The band is on tour in Asia. 乐队正在亚洲巡回演出。We took a guided tour of the museum. 我们参加了博物馆的导游行程。They toured Europe last summer. 他们去年夏天在欧洲旅行。【常见搭配】 go on a tour 去旅行 Tour guide 导游 Eg: I’m going on a tour of France next month. 我下个月要去法国旅行。Our tour guide was very knowledgeable and friendly. 我们的导游知识渊博并且友好。【即学即用】The hotel was full of ___________ (tour) during the summer. 答案：tourists课文解析Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. 授人以渔，终生之用。【用法讲解】 teach为动词，译为“教、教授”，其过去式为taught，过去分词为taught。【常见搭配】 teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 Teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人（如何）做某事 Teach a lesson 教训 Teach oneself 自学 Eg: Jack often teaches me English. 杰克经常教我英语。My brother usually teaches me to swim on weekend afternoons. 我哥哥通常周末下午教我游泳。The failure taught him a valuable lesson about perseverance. 这次失败让他明白坚持的重要教训。He taught himself how to program computers. 他自学了如何编程电脑。【派生词】 teacher为名词，译为“教师”。 Eg: Miss Wang is our English teacher. 王老师是我们的英语老师。【即学即用】My uncle taught me how ________ (fix) a bike chain. 答案：to fixA journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下。【用法讲解】 step为可数名词，其复数形式为steps，译为“台阶、梯级、脚步声、步骤”；step也可为动词，译为“踩、迈步”。 Eg: The president took immediate steps to stop the fighting. 总统立即采取措施阻止战斗。He took a step back and held the door open. 他后退一步，把门撑开着。You’re stepping on my foot. 你踩到我的脚了。【常见搭配】 take a step 采取措施 Step by step 逐步地 Step back 退后一步 Take the first step 迈出第一步 Eg: Won’t you take a step into the lion’s den? 你不准备采取措施走入狮子巢穴吗？The project was completed step by step. 项目一步步地完成。He stepped back to avoid the collision. 他后退一步以避免碰撞。Don’t be afraid to take the first step towards your dream. 不要害怕朝着你的梦想迈出第一步。【即学即用】There are several _________ (step) on the staircase.我不会仓促行事，我会一步一步地来。 I am not rushing things and I’m taking it _______ _______ _______ 答案：1. steps 2. step by stepStudying is like rowing a boat against moving water; if you don’t move forward, you will fall behind. 学习如逆水行舟，不进则退。【用法讲解】 row在此处为动词，译为“划船”；row还为可数名词，其复数形式为rows，译为“排、行、列”。 Eg: The team rowed their boat to the finish line. 团队划船抵达了终点线。The apples were stacked in rows. 苹果被排成一列列的。 Count and see how many trees there are in a row. 数数看一行有多少棵树。There was a row about the new policy. 关于新政策发生了一场争执。【常见搭配】 go for a row = row a boat 划船 Row with sb. 与某人争吵 In a row 连续地 In rows 一排排，成排的 Eg: We went for a row on the lake. 我们在湖上划船了。They often row with each other. 他们经常吵架。This is her third win in a row. 这是她连续获得的第三次胜利。They are in rows and not high. 它们排成一排，并不高。【即学即用】男孩们在草地上排成几行。 The boys ranged themselves _______ _______ on the grass. 答案：in rowsTo reach a goal, big or small, it is important to take the first step. 要达成一个目标，无论大小，迈出第一步至关重要。【用法讲解】 reach a goal为动词短语，译为“达成目标”。 Eg: She worked hard all year to reach her goal of becoming a published author. 她全年都在努力工作，以实现成为一位出版作家的目标。【知识拓展】reach作动词，还可译为“够得着、抵达、实现、达到”。 Eg: She reached for the book on the top shelf. 她伸手去拿顶层架子上的那本书。We reached the top of the mountain after three hours of climbing. 我们经过三小时的攀登，终于到山顶了。Her work has reached a high level of excellence. 她的工作达到了很高的水平。【常见搭配】 within one’s reach 在触手可及的范围内/可以实现 Reach out to sb. 联系或向某人提供帮助 Reach for 伸手触碰 Eg: The switch is just within your reach. 开关就在你的手边。If you need help with the project, don’t hesitate to reach out to me. 如果你需要项目方面的帮助，不要犹豫，主动联系我。When I turned to reach for some milk, I nearly knocked her over. 当我转身去拿牛奶时，我差点把她撞倒了。【即学即用】( )1. When did Jim _______ the subway station?get B. reach C. arrive in D. reach to答案：BIt is better to learn how to do something than to depend on other people to do it for you. 学会如何做事比依赖别人为你做更好。知识点一：【用法讲解】“it is better to do sth.”译为“做某事更好”，其中it为形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式（to do）。知识点二： Eg: It is better to take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 随身带把伞更好，以防下雨。 “depend on”译为“依靠、依赖、取决于”，其后常接名词、代词、动名词或从句。 Eg: We’re depending on the courier to deliver the contract by 5 pm. 我们指望快递员在5点前送达合同。 I knew I could depend on you . 我指导我可以依靠你。 Students depend on practising regularly to improve their language skills. 学生依靠定期练习提高语言能力。Our success depends on whether everyone woks hard or not. 我们的成功取决于个人是否努力。【即学即用】It's better ________ (finish) the work today.我们的成功取决于努力和决心。 Our success _________ ______ hard work and determination. 答案：1. to finish 2. depends onKeep learning and trying to improve. If you stop learning, you will stop getting better. 不断学习并努力提升。如果停止学习，你就不会再进步。【用法讲解】 知识点一：Keep为动词，译为“保持；保留；持续；使...保持某种状态；饲养”【常见搭配】 keep + 形容词 “保持...” Keep sb./sth. + 形容词 “使某人/某物保持某种状态” Keep doing sth. “一直做某事” Eg: Please keep calm. 请保持冷静。Please keep promise. 请信守诺言。 Please keep the dictionary well. 请好好保存这本词典。 Please keep the room clean. 请保持房间干净。 My grandmother keeps some chicken in her yard. 我奶奶在庭院里养了一些鸡。 Mr. Wang keeps working day and night. 王先生没日没夜的工作。知识点二：Try为动词，译为“尝试、试图”；try也可为名词，译为“尝试、努力”。【常见搭配】 try to do sth. 努力做某事 Try doing sth. 尝试做某事 Try ... on 试穿... Try out 试验、试用 Try one’s best to do sth. 尽全力做某事 Have a try 试一试 Eg: He tried to finish the work before the deadline. 他在截止日期前尽力完成工作。 I want to try swimming. 我想尝试游泳。 Can I try on these shoes? 我可以试穿这些鞋子吗？ They are trying out a new software program. 他们正在使用一款新的软件程序。 I will try my best to meet the deadline. 我会尽全力在截至日期前完成。 Why not have a try and see if you can do it? 为什么不试一试看看你能否做到呢？知识点三：Stop为动词，译为“停止”，也可为名词，译为“停止、车站”。 Eg: She stopped the car. 她停下了车。 The bus stop is just around the corner. 公交车站就在拐角处。【常见搭配】 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 Stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Eg: I’m tired, let’s stop to have a rest. 我累了，让我们停下来休息一会。 I’m tired, let’s stop working. 我累了，让我们停止工作。 The weather stopped me from taking a walk. 天气阻止我去散步。【即学即用】If you keep _______ (practice) English, you can learn English very well.Everyone must try his best __________ (finish) the task on time.How can we stop them from _______ (cut) down the trees? 答案：1. practicing 2. to finish 3. cuttingIf you’re willing to learn, you’ll work harder. 如果你愿意学习，你就会更加努力。【用法讲解】知识点一： if为连词，译为“如果”，常常用来引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为将来时，从句为一般现在时。Eg: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。if也可以译为“是否”，用来引导宾语从句，时态随实际情况而定。知识点二：Eg: I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否下雨。“be willing to do sth.”译为“愿意做某事” Eg: I’m willing to look after baby. 我愿意照看这个小孩。【派生词】 will可为名词，译为“意志、决心、遗嘱”；will也可作助动词，表示将来时态；will也可为情态动词，用来表示意愿、决心、请求等。 Eg: He has a strong will. 他有很强的意志力。He left a will leaving all his property to his daughter. 他留下遗嘱，将所有财产留给他的女儿。He will go to America tomorrow. 他明天将要去美国。I will do it. 我会做这件事。Will you help me? 你会帮我吗？【常见搭配】 against one’s will 违背某人的意愿 Do ... with a will 决心做某事 Do one’s own free will 自愿... Eg: He did it against his will. 他违背自己的意愿做了这件事。She did her best with a will to succeed. 她决心要成功，因此尽了自己最大的努力。He donated the money of his won free will. 他自愿捐款。【即学即用】( )1. If it _______ tomorrow, we _______ at home.will rain; rain B. rains; stay C. rains; will stay D. will rain; will stay2. 她一直愿意帮助她的同事。 She ______ always ________ _______ help her colleagues. 答案：1. C 2. is, willing toIt'll help us manage our time well. 这有助于我们合理安排时间。【用法讲解】 manage为动词，译为“管理、经营、控制、设法完成”。 Eg: She manages a team of 20 employees. 她管理一个20人的团队。 He managed to finish the crisis calmly. 他冷静处理了危机。 I can’t manage any more work this week. 这周我应付不了更多工作了。【常见搭配】 manage to do sth. 设法完成某事 Manage with... 用...设法应付 Manage one’s time/ money 管理某人的时间/金钱 Eg: They managed to meet the deadline despite delays. 尽管延误，他们仍按时完成了任务。We managed with three staff members during the peak season. 旺季期间我们用三名员工应付。It’s important to manage your time wisely during exams. 在考试期间，合理管理时间很重要。【派生词】 manager为名词，译为“经理”； management为名词，译为“管理”。 Eg: I don’t know what to make of the new manager. 这位新经理，我不知道怎么评价他才好。The management plan has four main components. 该管理计划有4个主要组成部分。【即学即用】I managed ________ (finish) the project on time. 答案：to finishI couldn’t agree more. 我完全同意。【用法讲解】agree为动词，译为“同意”。【常见搭配】 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点/适合某人的健康或胃口 Agree on sth. 对某事取得一致意见 Agree to do sth. 同意做某事 Eg: I agree with you. 我同意你的观点。 The climate there doesn’t agree with me. 那里的气候对我不适合。 We agreed on the best action. 我们都同意这一最佳措施。 She agreed to go shopping with me. 她同意和我去购物。【派生词】agreement为可数名词，其复数形式为agreements，译为“一致、相符”。 Eg: They reached an agreement on the price. 他们就价格达成了一致。【常见搭配】 make an agreement with ... 在某方面和某人达成协议 Come to/ reach an agreement 达成协议 In agreement with... 同意... Eg: They made an agreement with the bank to borrow money. 他们与银行达成协议借钱。After long negotiation, they finally came to an agreement. 经过长时间的谈判，他们终于达成一致。I’m in agreement with your plan. 我同意你的计划。【即学即用】There is a general _________ (agree) on this issue. 答案：agreementAs one of 17 children in a big family, Franklin had only two years of education before he had to start work. 作为一个大家庭里17个孩子中的一员，富兰克林只接受了两年教育就不得不开始工作。【易混辨析】have to和must区别 Have to强调客观上的需要，表示由于客观因素而不得不做某事； Must 强调主观上的义务或责任，表示说话者认为有必要或有义务去做某事。 Eg: I have to go now because I have an appointment. 我必须现在走，因为我有约。 You must study hard to pass the exam. 你必须努力学习才能通过考试。【即学即用】( )1. My mother is ill. I ______ look after her at home today.must B. have to C. should D. could 答案：BHe often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day. 他经常从书商那里借书，为了在第二天早点还书，常常熬夜到很晚。【用法讲解】知识点一： Stay up late译为“熬夜”。知识点二： Eg: They stayed up all night to prepare for the exam. 他们整夜熬夜准备考试。 order作名词，可译为“订单、顺序”；order作动词，也可译为“命令、订购”等。 Eg: The books are arranged in alphabetical order. 这些书按字母顺序排列。I placed an order for a new computer. 我订购了一台新电脑。The doctor ordered the patient to rest. 医生命令病人休息。I ordered 500 pairs of shoes from the factory. 我向这家工厂订购了500双鞋。【常见搭配】 Out of order 故障或不正常 In order to do sth. （=so that) 为了做某事 Eg: The printer is out of order. 这台打印机坏了。 I study hard in order to get a good job. = I study hard so that I can get a good job.我努力学习是为了找到好工作。【即学即用】为了提高英语，我已经开始了英语课程。 I have started an English course ______ _______ ______ improve my English.她熬夜完成了作业。 She _______ _______ _______ to finish her homework. 答案：1. in order to 2. stay up lateWhat’s more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless inventions came as no surprise. 而且，富兰克林酷爱科学，因此，他有数不清的发明也就不足为奇了。【用法讲解】 what’s more译为“而且、此外”，通常房子句子的中间或开头，用于引入额外的信息或观点。 Eg: I need to finish this report by tomorrow. What’s more, I have to prepare for a meeting.我需要在明天之前完成这份报告。此外，我还要准备一个会议。【即学即用】她数学很好。而且，她对科学充满热情。 She is good at math. _______ ______, she has a passion for science. 答案：What’s moreEven in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better. 甚至在年近八旬时，他还发明了一种特殊的眼镜来帮助自己看得更清楚。【用法讲解】 “in one’s + 数字s”译为“在某人...多岁的时候”；例如“in her 20s”常指20到29之间，是个大致的年龄范围。 Eg: My grandfather is in his 80s, but he’s still very active. 我的爷爷80多岁了，但他仍然非常活跃。【即学即用】( )1. ________, she decided to write a book about her life experiences.In her 70 B. In she 70 C. In her 70s D. In she 70s答案： CHow did Franklin go on learning after he left school? 富兰克林离开学校后是如何继续学习的？【常见搭配】 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事情 Go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 Eg: He went on working despite the noise. 他继续工作，尽管有噪音。After the lecture, she went on to answer questions. 讲座结束后，她继续回答问题。【即学即用】After a short break, I go on _______ (do) my homework. 答案：doingThey could not express themselves clearly and almost missed their plane home. 他们无法清楚地表达自己，甚至差点误了回家的航班。【用法讲解】 miss为动词，译为“想念、错过、缺失”；miss也可作名词，译为“小姐”，此时首字母需大写。Eg: I miss my old bike. 我怀念我的旧自行车。 She missed the school bus because she got up late. 她错过了校车因为起晚了。 The book is missing a few pages. 这本书少了几页。 She is Miss Wang. 她是王小姐。【常见搭配】 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 Miss out (on) 错过、遗漏、未能得到 Eg: We missed visiting the town. 我们错过了参观城镇。 I missed out on the concert because I was sick. 我错过了音乐会因为我生病了。【派生词】 missing为形容词，译为“丢失的”。 Eg: They still hoped to find their missing son. 他们仍然希望找到他们丢失的儿子。【即学即用】She has a ___________ (miss) tooth that needs to be replaced.He missed __________ (take) the last train. 答案：1. missing 2. takingSteve’s story sets a good example for us all. 史蒂夫的故事为我们树立了一个好榜样。【用法讲解】 example可为名词，译为“例子、榜样”。 Eg: This is a good example of how to write an essay. 这是一个如何写文章的好例子。【常见搭配】 for example 例如 Set an example 树立榜样 Take ... for example/ as an example of ... 以...为例 Give example to ... 给...举个例子 Eg: For example, apples and oranges are both fruits. 例如，苹果和橘子都是水果。 Parents should set an example for their children. 父母应该为孩子树立榜样。 Take this book as an example, it is very popular. 以这本书为例，它非常受欢迎。 Give an example to explain the proverb. 举个例子来解释这个谚语。【即学即用】他给我们树立了一个好榜样。 He ______ us _____ _______ _______. 答案：set; a good exampleFind your interest and work hard, and you may meet with great success. 找到你的兴趣所在并努力奋斗，你可能会取得巨大成功。【用法讲解】 interest在此处为名词，译为“兴趣、爱好”，也可译为“利息、收益、利益”；interest还可为动词，译为“使感兴趣、引起关注”。 Eg: He has interest in photograph. 他对摄影感兴趣。The bank offers a high interest rate on savings. 银行提供高利率的储蓄。 The company protects its business interests. 公司维护其商业利益。The new technology interests many people. 新技术引起了很多人的兴趣。【常见搭配】 take an interest in ... = be interested in ... 对...感兴趣 Show interest in ... 表现出对...的兴趣 Place of interest 名胜 （复数形式places of interest） Eg: She takes an interest in history. = She is interested in history. 她对历史很感兴趣。He showed interest in learning new languages. 他表现出学习语言的兴趣。Don’t you think it’s a good place of interest here? 难道你不认为这里是不错的名胜吗？【派生词】 Interested为形容词，译为“感兴趣的”，常常用来修饰人； interesting为形容词，译为“使人感兴趣的”，常常用来修饰物。Eg: The girl is interested in reading books. 这个女孩对读书感兴趣。This book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。【即学即用】( )1. You have just read the newspaper. Did you find _____ in it?interesting anything B. anything interestingC. interesting something D. something interesting2. He is _________ (interest) in this book because it helps him know more about the mystery of the nature. 答案：1. B 2. interestedHow can I enjoy myself when learning? 学习时我怎样才能乐在其中呢？【用法讲解】enjoy为动词，译为“享受”【常见搭配】 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事 Enjoy oneself 玩得开心 Eg: She enjoyed reading books very much. 她非常享受读书。 We all enjoyed ourselves at the party. 我们在聚会上都很开心。【派生词】enjoyment为不可数名词，译为“享受、乐趣、愉快”等。 Eg: Children seem to have lost their enjoyment in reading. 孩子们似乎已失去阅读的乐趣。【常见搭配】 get enjoyment from... 从...中得到乐趣 Provide enjoyment 提供享受 Have great enjoyment 有极大的享受 Eg: She gets a lot of enjoyment from music. 她从音乐中获得了很多乐趣。The concert provided great enjoyment to the audience. 这场音乐会给观众提供了很多享受。He had great enjoyment playing the piano. 他很享受弹钢琴。【即学即用】I really enjoy ________ (watch) football matches.His sense of duty often stood between him and the __________ (enjoy) of life. 答案：1. watching 2. enjoymentDon’t worry if learning something new seems difficult. 如果学习新东西看起来很难，别担心。【用法讲解】知识点一：worry为动词，译为“担忧，发愁”；worry也可作名词，译为“忧虑、担心的事”。 Eg: He has a lot of worries at the moment. 他目前有许多烦恼。【常见搭配】 worry about ... = be worried about ... 担忧...知识点二： Eg: She worried about her health. = She is worried about her health. 她担忧她的健康。 new在此处为形容词作后置定语修饰something。 注意：形容词在修饰不定代词（如something, everything, someone, anything, nothing等）时需要位于不定代词之后。 Eg: There is something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出毛病了。【即学即用】我的父母担心我的成绩。 My parents ______ ______ _______ my grades.( )2. You have just read the newspaper. Did you find _____ in it?interesting anything B. anything interestingC. interesting something D. something interesting 答案：1. are worried about 2. BWe wish we could learn something by ourselves too. 我们希望自己也能自学点东西。【用法讲解】 Wish在此处为动词，译为“希望”；wish还可作名词，译为“希望；愿望”。【常见搭配】 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 Wish to do sth. 希望做某事 Wish + that从句 希望... 注意：接that从句时，常用虚拟语气。have a wish 有一个愿望 Best wishes (to sb.) (给你) 最美好的祝福Eg: I wish to speak to the manager. 我想跟经理说话。 He wished his son to be a teacher in the future. 他希望他的儿子未来成为一名老师。 I wish I were a bird flying in the sky. 我希望我是一只在天空飞翔的鸟。The prince’s wish came true. 王子的愿望实现了。 Best wishes to you. 给你最美好的祝福。【易混辨析】 wish与hope区别Wish 常指难以实现的“希望”后面即可加to do也可加 sb.to do sth.Hope 常指容易实现的“希望”后面只能接to doEg: I hope to visit Beijing next month. “我希望下周参观北京。”My mum wishes me to finish my homework in an hour. “我妈妈 希望我一小时后完成作业。” It’s her wish that you may come at once. 她要你马上来。【即学即用】( )1. We ______ Tom _______ the English exam.wish; passing B. wish; to pass C. hope; passing D. hope; to pass答案：BZhao thought it was important to spend as much time as possible reading, speaking and listening to the language. 赵元任认为，尽可能多地花时间阅读、说和听这门语言很重要。【用法讲解】 spend为动词，其过去式为spent，过去分词为spent，译为“花费、度过”。 Eg: I spent two hours on my homework last night. 昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。 We spent a wonderful weekend together. 我们一起度过了一个愉快的周末。【常见搭配】 spend oneself 耗尽精力 Spend up 花光所有资源 Spend beyond one’s means 入不敷出 Eg: He spent himself completely in his work. 他工作得精疲力尽。 I’ve spent up all my savings. 我把所有的积蓄都花光了。 Many people spend beyond their means during the holiday season. 很多人在假期期间都会超支。【知识拓展】 四种花费花时间做某事 It + takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. = 人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间Eg: It took me an hour to finish my homework last night. = I spent an hour finishing my homework last night. 昨晚我花了一个小时完成作业。花钱买某物 人 spend 钱 on sth. = sth. cost 人 + 钱 = pay 钱 for sth. 付款买某物 Eg: I paid five hundred yuan for this bike. = I spent five hundred yuan on this bike.= This bike cost me five hundred yuan. 我花500元买这辆自行车。【即学即用】( )1. He _______ three hours finishing his homework last night.spent B. cost C. took D. paidIt took me a lot of time ________ (learn) English well. 答案：1. A 2. to learnDo you find it difficult to study grammar? 你觉得学习语法难吗？【用法讲解】 find为动词，译为“发现、感到”，其过去式为found。 Eg: I found my lost keys under the couch. 我在沙发下扎到了我丢失的钥匙。I found the book interesting. 她觉得这本书很有趣。I find that learning English is fun. 我觉得学英语很有趣。【常见搭配】 find it + 形容词 + to do sth. 发现做某事很... Find out 查明、找出 Eg: I find it difficult to understand his accent. 我发现他的口音很难懂。 We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事情的真相。【易混辨析】 discover、find和find out区别 discover常指发现本来存在但未被认识的事物、真理或情况； find常指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西，强调动作的结果； Find out常用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况。 Eg: Scientists discovered a new species of plant in the rainforest. 科学家在热带雨林中发现了一种新的植物物种。I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。【即学即用】( )1. I find _______ difficult _______ math.it; to learn B. it; learning C. that; to learn D. that; learning答案： AEvery morning when I’m getting ready for school. 每天早上我准备上学时。【用法讲解】 ready为形容词，译为“准备好的、乐意的”； Eg: The food is ready. 食物准备好了。【常见搭配】 be ready to do sth. 乐于做某事 Get/be ready for sth. 为某事做准备 Ready money 现钱 Eg: Mike is ready to help others. 马克乐于助人。The children are ready for bed. 孩子们已经准备好上床睡觉了。He has plenty of ready money. 他有足够的现钱。【即学即用】( )1. Look! Your shirt is so dirty. It _______.need washing B. need to wash C. needs washing D. need wash 答案： C I plan to write some sentences in English every day. 我计划每天用英语写一些句子。【用法讲解】 知识点一：plan在此处为动词，译为“计划”；plan还可为名词，译为“计划”。【常见搭配】 make a plan 制定计划 Plan to do sth. 计划做某事 Eg: You should make a plan before you go there. 在你去那之前应该制定一个计划。 They plan to have a holiday in Beijing. 他们计划在北京度假。知识点二：“in + 语言”译为“用某种语言”，该短语在句中位于动词或动词短语之后，常作状语。 Eg: She wrote the letter in French. 她用法语写了这封信。【即学即用】( )1. The meeting will be conducted ________ English.with B. by C. through D. inWe plan ________ (visit) Beijing this summer holiday. 答案： 1. D 2. to visitI believe through listening, reading, writing and speaking I can improve my language skills as a whole. 我相信通过听、读、写和说，我可以从整体上提高我的语言技能。【用法讲解】 “as a whole”译为“作为一个整体、总体上”，用于表示所有部分都已考虑都，此短语中whole为名词。 Eg: We should look at our study progress as a whole. 我们应该从整体上看待我们的学习进步。【知识拓展】 on the whole 总的说来、大体上 Eg: On the whole, I like the idea. 总的说来，我喜欢这个想法。【即学即用】这个赛季，球队整体表现不错。 The team performed well ______ _____ ______ this season. 答案：as a wholeWhat else? 还有别的吗？【用法详解】 else可为形容词或副词，译为“其它的、其他的”；在句中可修饰疑问代词或不定代词，此时需位于疑问代词或不定代词之后。 Eg: Who else can you see? 你还能看见别的人吗？ Is there anything else in your bag? 你的包里还有别的东西吗？【易混辨析】 other与else区别 else可为形容词或副词，在句中可修饰疑问代词或不定代词，此时需位于疑问代词或不定代词之后。 Other可为形容词，用于修饰名词或代词，位于所修饰词之前。 Eg: Nobody else in my school comes from America. 我们学校没有其他人来自美国。Do you have any other questions? 你还有别的问题吗？【即学即用】( )1. I think you must be mixing me up with _______.someone other B. other someone C. someone else D. else someone答案：CPractice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。【用法讲解】 practice在此处为动词，译为“练习”，也可写作practise；practice还可为不可数名词，译为“练习、锻炼”。 Eg: Basketball practice is my favourite part of the day. 篮球训练是我一天中最喜欢的部分。【常见搭配】 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 Practice doing sth. 练习做某事 Eg: She practices playing the piano every day. 她每天练习弹钢琴。【即学即用】She practices _________ (speak) English with her friends. 答案： speakingI then decided to make a plan to improve my English. 于是我决定制定一个计划来提高我的英语水平。【用法讲解】decide为动词，译为“决定”。【派生词】 其名词形式为decision，译为“决定”。【常见搭配】decide to do sth. 决定做某事 Decide on/upon sth. 决定某事 Make a decision 做决定 Eg: We decided to go to the movies together. 我们决定一起去看电影。She decided upon a career in medicine. 她决定从事医学事业。Finally, they made a decision to go there by plane. 最终，他们做出决定坐飞机去那。【即学即用】They decided ________ (go) there by plane. 答案：to go语法解析形容词、副词“比较级”的变化规则规则变化形式 1)一般形容词、副词比较级加-er. Eg： small -- smaller(比较级) long -- longer (比较级) 2)以不发音e结尾，加-r. Eg: nice -- nicer (比较级) 3)以重读闭音节（有一个元音字母，元音字母后只有一个辅音字母），双写结尾字母，再加-er. Eg: big -- bigger(比较级) hot -- hotter(比较级)4)以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-er. Eg: happy -- happier (比较级) 5) 多音节词和有些双音节词，在词前加more. Eg: interesting -- more interesting (比较级)比较级不规则变化形式Good/well -- better (比较级)Bad/badly -- worse (比较级) Many/much -- more (比较级) Little -- less (比较级) Far -- farther/further (比较级) 注意：两种变化形式中，前者侧重距离更远，后者侧重程度更深Old -- older/ elder (比较级) 注意：两种变化形式中，前者侧重年龄大或物品旧，后者侧重年长形容词、副词比较级用法由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词 或副词的比较级。Eg: It is much hotter today. 今天天气更热。比较级常见结构:1) A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B； 译为“A 比 B...”Eg: Our school is bigger than yours. 我们的学校比你们的大。2) the + 比较级...， the + 比较级...； 译为“越...，就越...” Eg: The more books you read, the cleverer you are. 你读的书越多，你会越聪明。3) 比较级 + and + 比较级； 译为“越来越...” 注意：若为多音节词，则为more and more + 形容词Eg: It gets hotter and hotter. 天气变得越来越热。 The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 那个女孩变得越来越漂亮。4) A + 动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数 译为“ A比其他任何都...” Eg: He is taller than any other student. 他比其他的学生更高。 5）A + 动词 + less + 多音节形容词原级 + than + B； 译为“A不及B...” Eg: This book is less interesting than that one. 这本书不及那本有趣。6) 表示两者之间进行选择时， 用句型：Which/Who + 动词 + 比较级， A or B？ Eg: Which fruit do you like better, apples or bananas? 你更喜欢哪种水果，苹果还是香蕉？7) 表示“两者之间较...的一个”时，常用”the + 比较级”结构。 Eg: He is the thinner of the two. 他是两个中较瘦的那个。8) 表示“几倍于...”时， 用句型：倍数 + 比较级 + than Eg: Your ruler is three times longer than mine. 你的尺是我的三倍长。形容词、副词“最高级”的变化规则规则变化形式 1)一般形容词、副词最高级加-est. Eg： small -- smallest (最高级） long -- longest （最高级)2)以不发音e结尾，加-st. Eg: nice -- nicest (最高级)3)以重读闭音节（有一个元音字母，元音字母后只有一个辅音字母），双写结尾字母，再加--est. Eg: big -- biggest (最高级) hot -- hottest (最高级)4)以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-est Eg: happy -- happiest (最高级)5) 多音节词和有些双音节词，在词前加most. Eg: interesting -- most interesting (最高级)比较级和最高级不规则变化形式Good/well -- best (最高级)Bad/badly -- worst (最高级)Many/much -- most (最高级)Little -- least (最高级)Far -- farthest/ furthest (最高级)注意：两种变化形式中，前者侧重距离最远，后者侧重程度最深Old -- oldest/ eldest (最高级)注意：两种变化形式中，前者侧重年龄大或物品旧，后者侧重年长形容词、副词最高级用法表三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可不加。Eg: He is the tallest boy in my class. 他是我班最高的男生。 He runs fastest in my class. 他在我班跑得最快。最高级常见结构:1) A + 动词 + the + 形容词/副词最高级 + of/in/among + 比较范围Eg: He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男生中最高的。2) A + be + one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数； 译为“A是...中最...之一”Eg: China is one of the strongest countries. 中国是最富强的国家之一。3) 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时， 用句型：Which/Who + 动词 + the + 最高级， A, B or C?Eg: Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou? 哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州？4) A + be + the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词单数 + 范围； 译为“第几个最...” Eg: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高的女孩。5) 形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但不能加定冠词the.Eg: Lucy is my best friend. 露西是我最好的朋友。五、反身代词（一）含义：反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。基本含义为：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、数上保持一致。Eg: He saw himself in the mirror. 他在镜中里看见了他自己。 (himself 和he为同一人) He saw him in the mirror. 他在镜子里看见了他。 (him指另一个人)（二）形式 Eg: She can look after herself very well. 她可以很好地照顾自己。注意：Oneself是不定代词one的反身代词（三）用法及位置作宾语时可位于动词、介词之后 Eg: Tom enjoyed himself at the dancing party. 汤姆在舞会上玩得很开心。 （himself位于动词enjoy之后） He can take care of himself. 他可以照顾他自己。 （himself位于介词of之后）作表语时可位于系动词之后 Eg: Mary hasn’t quite been herself recently. 玛丽最近不在状态。 （herself位于系动词Be之后）作同位语时可位于名词或代词之后或句末 Eg: You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问一下司机本人。 （himself位于句末作driver的同位语）（四）相关短语动词之后 Enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 Help oneself (to) 自用（食物等） Dress oneself 自己穿衣服 Teach oneself 自学 Lose oneself 沉溺于 Devote oneself (to) 献身于介词之后 By oneself 单独地；亲自 For oneself 为自己 Of oneself 自动 To oneself 独有 Look after oneself 照顾自己 Smile to oneself 暗笑写作话题：Write an article about how to be a good learner. * 提示：1. We should have good habits and ways of learning. 2. We need to get ready for ... 3. It’s good to study ... 4. If we have any problems, ... 5. As a student, working hard is important, ... 6. I think all above is helpful to us to be a good learner.* 写作步骤 定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一人称)、时态(一般将来时、一般现在时)* 范文： To be a good learner, we should have good habits and ways of learning. We need to get ready for our lessons before class and always listen carefully in class. After class, we must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time. It’s good to study in groups and help each other. We should do more reading in our free time. If we have any problems, we’d better ask others for help. As a student, working hard is important, but don’t forget to do sports and keep healthy. I think all above is helpful to us to be a good learner.单数复数第一人称Myself 我自己Ourselves 我们自己第二人称yourself你自己Yourselves 你们自己第三人称Himself 他自己Themselves他/她/它们自己Herself 她自己Itself 它自己