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2026版高考英语一轮总复习专题突破训练题专题四需要变形的名词形容词和副词第一讲名词
展开 这是一份2026版高考英语一轮总复习专题突破训练题专题四需要变形的名词形容词和副词第一讲名词,共7页。
Brn n August 23,1988 in America, Jeremy Shu-Hw Lin is a prfessinal basketball player① wh was n the Hustn Rckets f the Natinal Basketball Assciatin (NBA).But,t sme degree,many Chinese fans② and caches③ take him as a Chinese guy r at least are willing t imagine him a Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were brn in China.Jeremy Lin has recently becme a success④ and attracted the wrld's⑤ attentin,which gives Chinese peple a lt f imaginatin⑥ and pride⑦.As we knw, in mst peple's eyes, Jeremy is a miracle.
用法感悟
1.根据①可知,player由词根 play +词缀 -er 构成;
⑥imaginatin为名词,其词根为 imagine ;
⑦pride为 名 词,其对应的形容词形式为prud。
2.根据②③可知,可数名词由单数变复数时,一般情况下在词尾加 -s ;
以-ch结尾的名词变复数时在词尾加 -es 。
3.根据④可知,a success意为“ 一个成功的人 ”,这是抽象名词的具体化。
4.根据⑤可知,名词所有格一般在名词词尾加 -'s 。
考点一 名词的构词规律
1.动词变名词的后缀
2.形容词变名词的后缀
即时演练(一)
单句语法填空
1.I had t refuse yur invitatin because f a precius engagement (engage).
2.A cllectin f archaelgical evidence has cnfirmed the existence (exist) f rhins in ancient China.
3.The cmpany's silence n the subject has been taken as an admissin (admit) f guilt.
4. What made her succeed later n was the kindness and cnsideratin (cnsider) she shwed t all her patients.
5.Meanwhile, a big turism cmpany said its rural turism business has shwn significant ptential fr future grwth (grw) in the recent three years.
考点二 名词的数
1.可数名词的6种复数变化形式
2.有些可数名词复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成,它们的构成形式不规则
【点津】
fish表示“鱼肉”时,为不可数名词;表示“鱼的条数”时,其复数形式与单数形式相同;但表示“不同种类的鱼”时,其复数形式为fishes。
3.合成可数名词的复数
(1)若有中心词,则把中心词变成复数;若无中心词,则把最后一个词变成复数。
passer-by→passers-by, sister-in-law→sisters-in-law, grwn-up→grwn-ups
(2)“man/wman+中心名词”变复数时,作定语的man/wman和中心名词都要变复数。
wman engineer→wmen engineers
4.常见的10个不可数名词
fun乐趣
prgress进步
wrk工作
advice建议
infrmatin信息
hmewrk家庭作业
equipment设备
weather天气
husewrk家务
furniture家具
5.抽象名词具体化
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1.Therefre, daily supplies (supply) were sent t me by my children s I culd avid ging ut.
2.And utstanding r gifted players will als have the chance t jin inter-schl teams fr reginal cmpetitins (cmpete) and even natinal summer camps.
3.And ne f his sngs, Let the Wrld Be Filled with Lve, has enjyed great ppularity all ver the cuntry fr decades (decade).
4.My mther wuld sit by the windw, watching the falling leaves (leaf) frm the trees flating in the air.
5.In additin t bks, many libraries als ffer digital cpies (cpy) f bks, audibks, mvies, and mre thrugh Internet platfrms.
考点三 名词所有格及名词作定语
一、名词所有格
1.-'s所有格
(1)and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-'s 或';表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-'s或'。
Tm's and Jim's rms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间
Tm and Jim's rm汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间
(2)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber's在理发店
2.f所有格
无生命的事物的名词通常用f所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。
the name f the girl ver there
那边那个女孩的名字
3.双重所有格
“名词+f+名词所有格”或“名词+f+名词性物主代词”。
a pht f mine我的一张照片
a play f Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一个戏剧
二、名词作定语
名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词,表示材料、类别、用途等,作定语的名词有以下三种形式:
1.一般用单数形式。
a stne bridge 一座石桥
a meeting rm一间会议室
mrning exercise早操
Lndn Airprt伦敦机场
a stry bk一本故事书
a she shp一家鞋店
2.man,wman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。
a wman teacher一位女教师
tw wmen teachers两位女教师
3.sprts, sales, clthes, gds, arts, custms等一般用复数形式。
a sprts meet运动会
a gds train货运列车
a custms fficer海关官员
a sales manager销售部经理
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空/完成句子
1.There is a nice picture in the little girl's (girl) bedrm. She likes it very much.
2.He ges t wrk by car. His huse is tw hurs' (hur) drive frm his ffice in the city.
3.It was a gd pprtunity fr me t experience the natin's (natin) diverse custms and traditins.
4.Unlike lder generatins wh might favr Western culture and brands,Chinese yuth were brn and raised when the cuntry's (cuntry) ecnmy was taking ff, s they tend t have strng cnfidence in their natinal identity and culture.
5. Jhn and Mary's mther (约翰和玛丽的妈妈) was uncnscius fr five hurs after being admitted t hspital.
6. Tw wmen teachers (两位女老师) and fur girl students were praised at the meeting yesterday.
【例1】 Als, technlgical knw-hw has becme a requirement (require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld, as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst prfessins (prfessin).
分析:动词becme后接名词作表语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式,故第一个空填requirement。名词prfessin为可数名词,根据前面的mst可知用复数形式,故第二个空填prfessins。
【例2】 This switch has decreased pllutin (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
分析:句意:这种变化已经减少了这个国家主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。设空处作及物动词decreased的宾语,应用名词。故填pllutin。
【例3】 My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a scientist (science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
分析:分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作表语,说明主语的身份,表“是什么”,应用名词;根据句意“我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家”可知,应用名词。故填scientist。类别
例词
-al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊:去e+-al)
apprve→apprval, survive→survival,arrive→arrival,refuse→
refusal,prpse→prpsal
-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为
appear→appearance,perfrm→perfrmance,exist→existence,prefer→preference,refer→reference,depend→dependence,guide→guidance
-in/-tin/-atin表示状态或行为
direct→directin,expect→expectatin,explain→explanatin,invite→invitatin,slve→slutin,cmpete→cmpetitin,prnunce→prnunciatin,describe→descriptin,repeat→repetitin
-s(s)in表示行为或状态
discuss→discussin,admit→
admissin,decide→decisin
-ing表示具有……(特征的)
hear→hearing,listen→listening,begin→beginning
-ment表示行为、结果等
achieve→achievement,develp→develpment,argue→argument
-ure/-ture表示行为或状态
fail→failure,press→pressure,mix→mixture,expse→expsure
-y表示“……的动作(或过程)”
recver→recvery,discver→discvery
其他常见变化
chse→chice,vary→variety,tend→tendency,grw→grwth,marry→marriage,carry→carriage,pack→package,pst→pstage,stre→strage
类别
例词
-cy表示性质、状态
fluent→fluency,accurate→accuracy,private→privacy,efficient→efficiency
-dm表示地位、状况等
free→freedm, wise→wisdm
-ness表示性质、状态
dark→darkness,weak→weakness,kind→kindness,cld→cldness,aware→awareness
-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态
warm→warmth, true→truth, deep→depth,strng→strength,lng→length, wide→width
-y/-ty/-ity表示性质或状态
difficult→difficulty,hnest→hnesty,
safe→safety,cruel→cruelty,
respnsible→respnsibility
-ent→-ence, -ant→-ance, -nd→-nse
different→difference,silent→silence,respnd→respnse,patient→patience,absent→absence,present→presence,cnfident→cnfidence,cnvenient→cnvenience,imprtant→imprtance,defend→defense
变化规则
例词
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
huse→huses
map→maps
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
bx→bxes
brush→brushes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i再加-es
city→cities
party→parties
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
hliday→hlidays
mnkey→mnkeys
以-结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
pht→phts
有些在词尾加-es
her→heres ptat→ptates tmat→tmates
既可以在词尾加-es,也可以加-s
zer→zers/zeres
msquit→
msquits/msquites
vlcan→
vlcans/vlcanes
以-f, -fe结尾的名词
一般要变f或fe为v再加-es
self→selves
wlf→wlves
少数直接加-s
belief→beliefs
变化规则
例词
变内部元音
man→men, wman→wmen,ft→feet, muse→mice, gse→geese, tth→teeth
词尾加-en
或-ren
x→xen, child→children
单复数同形
sheep, deer, means, series, Chinese,
Swiss
抽象名词(不可数)
具体化(表达个体概念时,是可数名词)
surprise惊讶
a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
success成功
a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
hnur荣誉
an hnur一个(件)令人尊敬的人(事)
failure失败
a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)
beauty美;美丽
a beauty美丽的人或事物
pleasure快乐
a pleasure一件乐事
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