高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习试卷14.第十四讲　定语从句

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】讲义练习试卷14.第十四讲　定语从句，共9页。
单句语法填空
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute that/which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell­Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, wh is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia”， add an internatinal character t Stratfrd­upn­Avn, William Shakespeare's hmetwn.
4．(2024·浙江1月卷)Of curse, shps are nt charities—they price gds in the way that/which will make them the mst mney.
5．(2023·全国乙卷)But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place which/that welcmes the fast­paced develpment f mdern life，with 21st­century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
6．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, as Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
7．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was nce a twn in the heart f America where all life seemed t enjy peaceful c­existence with its surrundings，” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age­ld fables.
8．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100­kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, wh lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.
9．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
10．(2021·浙江1月卷)BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl which/that gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
11．(2021·天津6月卷)In the spring, a seasn when we are learning new rhythms f life, many f us find cmfrt in the natural wrld.
12．(2021·北京卷)When yu sleep，yur brain srts thrugh everything that happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
eq \a()
考点一关系代词的用法
(一)关系代词that与which的用法
that和which引导的定语从句
如果我遇到你可能感兴趣的东西，我会把它寄给你。
After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
他家失火后，那辆旧轿车是他唯一的财产了。
That is the best film that has ever been shwn s far in the city.
那是迄今为止在这个城市上映的最好的电影。
My mther and her ld friends talked abut persns and things that they remembered in the schl.
我母亲和她的老朋友谈论了她们所记得的在学校里的人和事。
His best mvie, which wn several awards, was abut the life f Gandhi.
他最优秀的电影，就是荣获几项大奖的那一部，是关于甘地生平的。
I bught a great many bks, n which I spent all my mney that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。
(二)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
She married again, which was unexpected.
她再婚了，这是始料不及的。
She married again, as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
[易混辨析]
(1)the 与the 的区别
①the 表示相似的东西，即同类异物。
This is the same bk as he lent me last week.
这和他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。
②the 表示同一人或物。
This is the same bk that he lent me last week.
这是他上星期借给我的那本书。
(2)与的区别
①引导定语从句，意为“像……那样”，as在从句中作主语、宾语等。
This is such an easy questin as I can answer.
这是一道我可以回答的简单问题。
②引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，that在从句中不作成分。
This is such an easy questin that I can answer it.
这是一道如此简单的问题以至于我都可以回答。
(三)其他关系代词的用法辨析
Each graduate standing n the playgrund, wh was accmpanied by a parent, wuld be awarded a diplma by the headmaster.
每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业证书。
My daughter, whse jb requires her t d a lt f travelling, is always away frm hme.
我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。
eq \a() ——单句语法填空
1．I'm grateful that the assistant respnded in a way that/which made me rethink the pwer f my wrds.
2．The wman said that her husband had died sme mnths befre and that she didn't have anyne else in her family wh culd help her.
3．First, we went t Munt Tai, which is a very famus turist spt in China.
4．The air quality in the city, as is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw years.
5．This stry abut self­respect and self­lve, whse characters are Chinese, is set in Eurpe.
考点二 关系副词的用法
We live in an age when mre infrmatin is available with great ease than ever befre.
我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were ften at war with each ther.
古代的中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
Can yu tell me the reasn why (＝fr which) yu are late again?
你能告诉我你又迟到的原因吗？
[名师指津] ①先行词为抽象名词pint，psitin, situatin, stage, state, case, scene 等，并且定语从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
He said if we really gt t the pint where we needed t use life jackets, he wuld have already died f terrr.
他说如果我们真到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。
②reasn作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。
The bss desn't want t hear any reasn (that/which) yu give.
老板不想听你给的任何理由。
③当先行词ccasin意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
It was the first ccasin when they had bth fund it pssible t keep an appintment.
他们两人都能赴约，这还是头一遭。
The birth f a New Year is always a special ccasin where peple gather t celebrate a new beginning brimming with hpe and renewal.
新年的到来总是一个特殊的场合，人们相聚在一起庆祝一个充满着希望和复苏的新的开始。
eq \a() ——单句语法填空
1．The Duble Ninth Festival is als a time when the chrysanthemum (菊花) blms.
2．I enjyed my stay in the library where I culd read varius bks I was interested in.
3．The reasn why all peple present are ppsed t the prject is that it will cause much pllutin.
4．She is ging t settle in Shanghai, where she has sme clse friends.
5．Next mnth, when we will spend ur winter hlidays in ur hmetwn, is appraching.
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
(一)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
“介词＋关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whm；关系代词whse与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。
The USA is a large cuntry in which many different dialects are spken.
美国是一个大国，有着许许多多不同的方言。
He is the persn n whm yu can depend.
他是一个你可以信赖的人。
He was the man frm whse rm the thief had stlen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
(二)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
1．根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
In the dark street, there wasn't a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn t sb.fr help)
Physics is the subject in which every student in ur schl is interested.
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(be interested in)
2．根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我童年时在乡下度过的那段时光。(during the time)
3．根据所表达的意思来确定。
The clrless gas, withut which we can't live, is called xygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
(三)“介词＋关系代词”结构的变式
Recently, I bught an ancient vase, the price f which was very reasnable.
最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cusins, the yungest f whm is very clever.
他有十个堂兄弟姐妹，最小的那个很聪明。
We are lking fr the persn t whm the bk belngs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might pssibly cme, in which case I'll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
He was blwn ff curse and fund himself in an unknwn land, frm where he eventually reached Greenland.
他被吹离了航线，发现自己到了一个陌生之地，最终他从那里来到了格陵兰。
eq \a() ——单句语法填空
1．I'll never frget the day n which we wrked tgether in the cuntryside.
2．Yesterday we visited the Batu Spring fr which Jinan is famus.
3．In the fast mving infrmatin age, teenagers shuld keep pace with the media envirnment in which they cmmunicate with the utside wrld.
4．This is the student fr whm I bught the bk.
5．Fr instance, in Lima, the capital f Peru, there are mre than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, abut 70 percent f which were set up by lcal dctrs.
eq \a()
eq \a()
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Dctrs say misunderstandings and false infrmatin abut the disease are spreading n the Internet, which they think shuld be stpped.
2．Running frm Sept. 4 t 9, the fair was the first glbal trade event that had been held bth nline and ffline by China since the utbreak f the disease.
3．Care f the sul is a gradual prcess in which even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.
4．As far as I am cncerned, yuth is a perid when we shuld study hard and make urselves well prepared fr the future.
5．Peking Opera has a histry f abut 200 years, whse rigin can date back t ther ld lcal peras, especially Anhui Opera.
6．As is knwn t us all, traditinal Chinese medicine is practical and effective when used t treat sme diseases.
7．During thse dark mments, the space statin maintains its pwer supply by using juice (电) that/which is saved in its batteries.
8．In life peple make many decisins, sme f which are s imprtant that they affect us greatly.
9．Dn't trust such peple as praise yu t yur face but speak ill f yu behind yur back.
10．They have reached a pint where they have t brrw mney.
Ⅱ.语篇专练(定语从句)
A real friend is smene 1.wh walks in when the rest f the wrld walks ut. A real friend is smene 2.whse supprt we can cunt n. A real friend is smene 3.wh sees ur true self, nt just the face 4.that we shw t the wrld. Yet these days, the mdern tls 5.that/which keep us cnnected are eating away at the meaning f friendship. We may be able t make many friends nline, but these friendships can be quite shallw. Scial media like blgs has cme between us and the friends 6.whm/that/wh we lve. Texting and messaging cannt take the place f face­t­face chatting. “Sharing” ur experiences n scial media is nt enugh t express the values 7.which/that matter mst t us. “Liking” ur friends' phts nline des nt develp the cnnectin 8.which/that we share. T make friends a real part f ur lives, we shuld put dwn ur smartphnes and meet them in persn.
Ⅲ.写作迁移(正确运用定语从句完成句子)
1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作)画中有一座引人注目的拱桥，桥下清水奔流。
In the painting, there is a striking arched bridge belw which clear water flws quickly.
2．(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)我想重点谈谈一些主要的发展，包括共享单车、高铁和新能源汽车。
I'd like t fcus n sme majr develpments, which include shared bicycles，high­speed trains and new energy vehicles．
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)我还记得那是一个春天的星期一早晨，老师把我叫到他的办公室，告诉我，我在写作比赛中得了第一名，而且我是唯一一个母语不是英语的获胜者。
I still remember it was a Mnday mrning in spring, when my teacher called me t his ffice, telling me that I had taken first place in the writing cntest, and that I was the nly winner whse native language wasn't English．
4．(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)此外，他还提出建立国家学制，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。
Besides, he prpsed the establishment f a natinal schl system, which had a far­reaching influence n the Chinese educatinal system．
5．(2023·浙江1月卷读后续写)不知不觉中，挤奶房出现在我的视野中，我发现破碎的窗户已经修好了。
Unknwingly, the milking huse appeared in my visin, in which I sptted that the brken windw had been repaired．
只用that的情况
当先行词为 everything, anything, nthing, smething, much, all, nne, few, little(少)等不定代词时
当先行词为形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
当先行词被the nly, the very, all, any, little(少), few, n等词修饰时
当先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的情况
在非限制性定语从句中
关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词又位于关系代词之前时If I run int anything that might interest yu, I'll send it yur way.
关系词
which
as
先行词
名词或句子
只能是句子
位置上
只能放在先行词的后面
位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可位于句末
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，knw，expect，remember等
意思上
这一点
正如……，正像……的那样
关系代词
先行词
在从句中所作成分
wh
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whm
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whse (＝f
whm/f which)
人或物
定语
关系副词
先行词
在从句中所作成分
when(＝at/n/in/during which)
表时间
时间状语
where(＝at/in/n which)
表地点
地点状语
why(＝fr which)只引导限制性定语从句
表原因
原因状语
构成
句法功能
用法指津
名词＋介词＋关系代词
主语
可转化为“whse＋名词”结构
数词(形容词最高级，sme，many，each等)＋f＋关系代词
主语
关系代词只能用which或whm
介词(短语)＋关系代词
状语/定语
关系代词只能用which或whm且不能省略，某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系代词”可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词
状语
关系代词常用which和whse
介词＋关系副词
状语
有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词frm或t