第01讲 阅读理解——应用文（复习课件）（全国通用）-2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

这是一份第01讲 阅读理解——应用文（复习课件）（全国通用）-2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测，共28页。PPT课件主要包含了智能导览·极速定位，真题溯源·考向感知等内容，欢迎下载使用。
五大考点，真题研析+核心精讲+变式训练
紧扣新风向，设题新语境，聚焦重难点
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
知识点1 直接计算题
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。这类计算题从文中找到相关信息，直接进行相关的计算就可以得出答案。数字计算题最常用的解题方法：1.仔细理解题干中的信息要求；2.从文章中定位计算需要的信息；3.通过简单的计算得出答案。
考查应用文中的计算题
知识点2 间接计算题
应用文文中的计算题有时需要考虑间接的隐含条件才能计算正确。这些“暗”信息会涉及附加条件以及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，hw many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工,但此类试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力,故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。
间接计算题一定要注意文章中隐藏的附加条件，这是造成计算失误的重要因素，所以在做应用文计算题时，一定要认真细致，避免简单题做错。
【典例】（2025全国I卷）The greening f planes, trains and autmbilesMving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins (排放). As the wrld races t decarbnize everything, it faces particular prblems with transprtatin — which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins. Here’s the breakdwn f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
考向1 考查直接计算题
【典例】（2025全国I卷）The fuels fr transprt need t be nt just green, cheap and pwerful, but als lightweight and safe enugh t be carried arund. Each mde f transprt has its specific fuel needs. Much is still t be settled, but here are sme f the slutins t get us ging green.
【典例】（2025全国I卷）This energy transitin (变革) is glbal, and the amunt f renewable energy the wrld will need is “a little bit mind-blwing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry. It’s estimated that the glbal demand fr electricity culd mre than duble by 2050. Frtunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up t the task. “We need t speed up the develpment f green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.1. What percentage f glbal transprt emissins did rad vehicles accunt fr in 2018?A. 11.6%.B. 45.1%.C. 74.5%.D. 86.1%.
●题干关键词→rad vehicles→accunt fr●文章定位：图1●解析思维过程→rad vehicles→ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1% →ROAD(GOODS)29.4%→二者相加=74.5%→C
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Bike Rental & Guided TursWelcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
考向2 考查直接计算题
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Hand Brake, Three GearsFt Brake, N Gears1 hur€7.50€5.003 hurs€11.00€7.501 day (24 hurs)€14.75€9.75Each additinal day€8.00€6.00Guided City TursThe 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) 2. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
●题干关键词→renting a bike→with hand brake and three gears→tw days●解析思维过程→1 day (24 hurs)→Hand Brake, Three Gears→€14.75●间接附加条件→1 day y→€14.75（经常被忽视）●解析思维过程→1 day+1 day→€14.75+€14.75=22.75欧元
知识点1 直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
考查信息理解题
知识点2 间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用bk对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的mre in cmmn进行同义转换。
【典例】（2024新课标Ⅰ卷）HABITAT RESTORATION TEAMHelp restre and prtect Marin's natural areas frm the Marin Headlands t Blinas Ridge. We'll explre beautiful park sites while cnducting invasive (侵入的) plant remval, winter planting, and seed cllectin. Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species acrss the ridges and valleys.GROUPSGrups f five r mre require special arrangements and must be cnfirmed in advance. Please review the List f Available Prjects and fill ut the Grup Prject Request Frm.AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRINGVlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. Read ur Yuth Plicy Guidelines fr yuth under the age f 15.Bring yur cmpleted Vlunteer Agreement Frm. Vlunteers under the age f 18 must have the parent/guardian apprval sectin signed.
考向1 考查直接信息题（直接从文中找到信息）
【典例】（2024新课标Ⅰ卷）We'll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary.Bring a persnal water bttle, sunscreen, and lunch.N experience necessary. Training and tls will be prvided. Fulfills (满足) cmmunity service requirements.UPCOMING EVENTS
【典例】（2024新课标Ⅰ卷） 22. What is the lwer age limit fr jining the Habitat Restratin Team?A. 5.B. 10.C. 15.D. 18.
●题干关键词→the lwer age limit→jining the Habitat Restratin Team●文章定位：AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme.●解析思维过程→aged 10 and ver are welcme→the lwer age limit→10
【典例】（2024全国甲卷）Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebratin f the Harvard cmmunity's artistic creativity. We invite yu t jin us fr the cming ARTS FIRST. We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making activities. The festival is a public event fr Harvard and cmmunity members f all ages. Light Awash in WaterclrLearn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs 1880-1990: Int the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
考向2 考查间接信息理解题（试题的题干和选项进行了同义转换）
【典例】（2024全国甲卷）Frm webs t ccns, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create sme f nature's mst delicate and beautiful designs. Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Natural Histry t learn hw insects and ther invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft (手工艺) materials. Wheel ThrwingJin instructrs frm the Ceramics Prgram and great ptters frm Quincy, Cabt and Mather Huses fr demnstratins using the ptter's wheel. Then create yur wn masterpiece! Knitting and Pm-Pm MakingJin the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle t make pm-pms and tassels ut f thread, r pick up a pair f needles and learn t knit (编织).
1. What d we knw abut ARTS FIRST?A. It is an exhibitin f il paintings.B. It ffers art curses fr all ages.C. It presents recreatinal activities.D. It is a majr turist attractin.
●题干关键词→ARTS FIRST●文章定位：We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→shwcase the creativity→thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making' activities→recreatinal activities→recreatinal整合了前面的三项内容→C（其他选项错误原因：以偏概全）
2. Which prgram will yu jin if yu're interested in drawing pictures?A. Light Awash in Waterclr.B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.C. Wheel Thrwing.D. Knitting and Pm-Pm Making.
●题干关键词→if yu're interested in drawing pictures→Which prgram●文章定位：Light Awash in Waterclr→ “Light Awash in Waterclr (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs 1880 — 1990: Int the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）Light Awash in Waterclr→qualities f waterclr paint→Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks→drawing pictures（题干）→A（文不对题）
3. What can yu d tgether with Javier Marin?A. Practice a traditinal dance.B. Make handcrafts.C. Visit a lcal museum.D. Feed invertebrates.
●题干关键词→What can yu d→with Javier Marin●文章定位：Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity→Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Histry t learn hw insects and ther Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)●解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）with Javier Marin→making yur wn spineless artists→B. Make handcrafts→B
知识点 找共同点（考查综合比较）
①结构法：如果属于“总分总”结构，多从“总处”找依据； ②排除法：可以运用排除法，只要一项不合要求就应该排除；③关键词法：依据题干划出关键词语，据此知道答案。
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。课件展示类文章(a class presentatin)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如Fr mre infrmatin, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。
（1）解题技巧：写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。（2）目的意图题的设问方式What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.
04 真题溯源·考向感知
【典例】 (2025·全国II卷) English Market Twns t Visit in the UKEnglish market twns cme in many shapes and sizes. Each has a persnality shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries. But each twn has mre t d than shp. Herefrd， HerefrdshireHerefrd has remained a lively market twn since 1189. Skirting the twn square, yu’ll find lvely shps, eateries, and the Black and White Huse Museum. The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there. Ludlw, ShrpshireLudlw is knwn as the Fdie Center f England. Butcher shps, greengrcers, bakeries, and cheese shps line the twn square. Brdering the square, the Ludlw Castle is a “must explre” medieval strnghld. The three-day Ludlw Fd Festival is held each September.
Shrewsbury, ShrpshireGetting t Shrewsbury Twn Center frm Lndn is challenging but wrth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center. The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flwers are everywhere-hanging baskets, windw bxes, and planters-just what yu imagine in an attractive English market twn. Mevagissey, CrnwallEven if yu haven’t been t the small fishing village Mevagissey, yu’ve prbably seen it in a mvie r British TV shw. The wrking harbr(港口) tk shape in 1774. Fishermen g ut t sea daily and sell their fish in harbr-side markets. Dn’t leave the harbr withut a traditinal Cmish pie. It’s delicius.
【典例】 (2025·全国II卷)1. Where can yu find an riginal cpy f the Magna Carta?A. In the Ludlw Castle.B. In the Fdie Center f England.C. In the Herefrd Cathedral.D. In the Black and White Huse Museum.
根据Herefrd, Herefrdshire部分中“The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C项。
【典例】 (2025·全国II卷)2. What is a feature f Shrewsbury Twn Center?A. It’s situated near a big island.B. It’s almst surrunded by water.C. It’s knwn fr its flwer festival.D. It’s easily accessible frm Lndn.
根据Shrewsbury, Shrpshire部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center. The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选B项。
【典例】 (2025·全国II卷)3. What des the authr suggest visitrs d in Mevagissey?A. Try the Crnish pie.B. Watch a British TV shw.C. G fishing in the sea.D. Take pictures f the harbr.
根据Mevagissey, Crnwall部分中“Dn’t leave the harbr withut a traditinal Cmish pie. It’s delicius. (离开港口前一定要尝尝传统的康沃尔馅饼。它很美味)”可知，作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A项。