人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists教学课件ppt

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists教学课件ppt，文件包含人教版英语选择性必修二-U1-ScienceandScientists-WordsandExpressionpptx、人教版英语选择性必修二-U1-ScienceandScientists-DiscoveringUsefulStructurespptx、人教版英语选择性必修二-U1-ScienceandScientists-教案docx等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共88页， 欢迎下载使用。
severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的
变形：severely adv. 严重地; 严厉地; 严格地 severity n. 严重；严厉
应用：be severe n/with 对……严厉 be severe with neself 严于律己 in severe pain 处于剧痛中 face severe cnsequences 面临严重后果 a severe shrtage f ...的严重短缺 in severe cnditin 病情严重
练习：The patient's cnditin was s ______ that the dctrs had t perfrm emergency surgery.A. severe B.serius C.strict D.slight
解析：A.severe 表示“严重的、剧烈的”，常用于形容病情、疼痛、天气等程度严重的情况。B.serius 也可以表示“严重的”，但更侧重“严肃的、重大的”，不如 severe 程度 强。C.strict 意为“严格的”，不符合语境。D.slight 意为“轻微的”，与句意矛盾。
dehydratin [ˌdiːhaɪ'dreɪʃn] n. 脱水
变形：dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥; vi.（人体的）脱水，失水
应用：suffer frm dehydratin （因缺水而）脱水 signs f dehydratin 脱水的症状
练习：Athletes must drink enugh water during training t prevent ___________, which can impair perfrmance.
frustrated [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
变形：frustrate vt. 挫败；阻止；使沮丧 frustratin n. 挫折 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
应用：frustrated with/by... 对...感到沮丧 t ne's frustratin 让某人沮丧的是 vent ne's frustratin 发泄沮丧情绪
例句：She felt frustrated when she culdn't slve the math prblem.
练习：Dealing with repeated failures can lead t a sense f ______, making it hard t stay D.frustrated
解析：A.frustratin: "a sense f frustratin"（挫败感）是固定搭配，名词形式符合句子结构，表示因重复失败而产生的情绪。B.frustrting: 形容词用于修饰名词（如 "a frustrating experience"），但此处需要名词与 "a sense f" 搭配。C.frustrate: 动词不能直接放在 "a sense f" 后，且句子已有谓语动词 "can lead t"。D.frustrated: 形容词通常描述人的感受（如 "I felt frustrated"），但此处需要名词作宾语。
nce and fr all 最终地; 彻底地
all相关短语：all in all 总的来说 all at nce 突然；同时 all the same 尽管如此
nce相关的短语：nce in a while 偶尔；有时 nce upn a time 从前（用于故事开头） nce and fr all 一劳永逸地；彻底地
例句：The experiment prved nce and fr all that the thery was crrect.
练习：Let’s settle this argument ______________ s we never have t discuss it again.
nce and fr all
解析：短语需与"彻底解决争论"的语境匹配，后文"never discuss again"是强提示。
cntradictry [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri] adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的
变形：cntradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 cntradictin n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
应用：be cntradictry t… 与……矛盾、相反 cntradictry t each ther 相互矛盾的 There exists a cntradictin between... ...之间存在矛盾
例句：The cmmittee members hld cntradictry views n this issue.
练习：The witness gave tw ______ statements abut the accident, making the plice dubt his D.reasnable
解析：A.cnsistent:一致的B.cntradictry:矛盾的;符合"两种相反陈述"的语境。C.surtive:支持的D.reasnable:合理的
infectin [ɪn'fekʃn] n. 感染;传染
变形：infect v. 传染; 使感染, 使感染(某种感情); 影响 infectius adj. 传染性的 infectivity n. 感染性
应用：be infected with/by 感染上……, 传染上…… secndary infectin 继发感染 fight ff an infectin 抵抗感染
例句：Cvering yur muth helps prevent spreading infectin.
练习：The __________ (infect) seems quite mild, s she shuld be better sn.
解析：句意：“感染似乎很轻微，所以她应该很快就会好起来。”，此处需要填入名词形式 infectin（感染），作句子的主语。冠词 The 后需接名词，且 infect 的名词形式为 infectin。
virus [ˈvaɪrəs] n. 病毒
变形：viral adj. 病毒性的
应用：g viral （视频/消息等）病毒式传播 viral marketing 病毒式营销
例句：Msquites can spread viruses.
subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
变形：subscriber  n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 subscriptin  n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
应用：subscribe t... 订阅...（杂志/频道/服务） free trial subscriptin 免费试用订阅 mnthly/annual subscriptin 按月/按年订阅
例句：Over 1 millin peple subscribe t this YuTube channel. Her channel's subscriber cunt is grwing fast.
写出下列句子中划线部分的中文释义：I subscribe t Netflix fr watching mvies.Many scientists subscribe t the thery f evlutin.The CEO subscribed his name t the cntract.He desn’t subscribe t the idea that mney brings happiness.They subscribed $1,000 t the charity every year.
multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
变形：multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖 multiplicity n. 多样性
应用：n multiple ccasins 多次地 multiple intelligences 多元智能
例句：The exam cnsists f multiple-chice questins.
练习：The prize will be awarded t ______ winners, each receiving a certificate and a cash prize.A. multiple B. singleC. unique D. individual
解析：A.multiple:多个的;符合语境，强调“多个获奖者”。B.single:单一的C.unique:独特的D.individual:个别的
前缀 multi-： 前缀 multi- 可加在单词前构成新词，其含义是 “多的”“多倍的”
例：multicultural (adj.) 多元文化的 multilingual (adj.) 使用多种语言的 multidisciplinary (adj.) 多学科的 multimedia (n./adj.) 多媒体（的）
husehld ['haʊshəʊld] n.一家人;家庭 adj.家用的;家喻户晓的
应用：husehld expenses / prducts 家庭开支/家用产品 husehld/dmestic chres 家务活 a husehld name 一个家喻户晓的名字 husehld appliances 家用电器
例句：The average husehld in this city has 3 members.
练习：In mdern sciety, many ______ appliances like washing machines have greatly reduced peple's husewrk.A. husehld B. husewrkC. husing D. husewife
解析：A.husehld:家用的，家庭的; "husehld appliances" 是固定搭配，意为"家用电器"，符合句意（洗衣机等电器减少家务）。B.husewrk:家务劳动C.husing:住房（的）; "husing appliances" 指"住房设备"（如建材），与"洗衣机"等家用电器无关。D.husewife:家庭主妇
suspect [səˈspekt] v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
变形：suspicin n. 怀疑 suspicius adj. 怀疑的；不信任的
应用：suspect sb f (ding) sth. 怀疑某人做某事 be suspected t be 被怀疑是 be under suspicin 受到怀疑
例句：There is reasn t suspect that the data was tampered with.
练习：She became a prime ________ in the theft case.
解析：suspect 在此处为 可数名词，指"被怀疑的人；嫌疑犯"。固定搭配：a prime suspect，意为“主要嫌疑人”。
blame [bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
应用：blame sb fr sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth n sb 把某事归咎于某人 take the blame (fr) 承担责任/背黑锅 put/lay the blame n 把责任推给 be t blame (fr) 应对...负责
例句：The manager tk the blame fr the team's mistake.
练习：She always _______ thers ______ her prblems.
解析：blame sb fr sth ：因某事责备某人
handle [ˈhændl] n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵
应用：handle with care 小心轻放 handle the situatin/prblem 处理情况/问题 get a handle n 理解/掌握 fly ff the handle 突然发怒（口语）
例句：She knws hw t handle difficult situatins.
练习：写出下列句中handle的含义
Hw t handle the machine is a puzzle t all the peple there.He turned the handle and clsed the dr.They handle the prblem nce and fr all.
interventin [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n.介入; 出面; 干涉
变形：intervene v. 干预/涉；调解
应用：armed / military interventin 武装/军事干涉 intervene in 干预,干涉 humanitarian interventin 人道主义干预
例句：Early interventin helps children with learning difficulties.
练习：The dctr recmmended early medical ______ t prevent the disease frm wrsening.A. inventin B. interventinC. interruptin D. interview
解析：A.inventin:发明，创造B.interventin:干预，介入C.interruptin:打断，中断D.interview:面试，采访
link [lɪŋk] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联
应用：a link between...(and...) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系) link A t/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来 link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接，结合 be linked t/with... 与……有联系/有关
例句：Scientists established a link between sleep and memry.
练习：This evidence is directly linked ______ the suspect's whereabuts. The new highway will prvide a vital link __________ the industrial zne and the prt.The detective tried t ______ the clues ______ .
解析：固定搭配 link A t B（将A与B联系）。link between A and B（A与B之间的纽带）。短语 link up 表示"整合"。
raw [rɔː] adj. 未煮/生的; 未经处理的/原始的
应用：raw material 原材料 raw talent 天生的才能 in the raw 处于自然状态 raw wund 未愈合的伤口
例句：Scientists analyzed the raw data befre drawing cnclusins.
pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的
近义词：genuine 真正的 unmixed 未混合的 sptless 无瑕疵的
变形：purify v. 使洁净，净化
例句： The lab requires pure water fr experiments.
练习：The muntain air is s ______ that peple cme here t escape pllutin.A. pure B. prC. pale D. plite
解析：A.pure:纯净的B.pr:贫穷的C.pale:苍白的D.plite:礼貌的
substantial [səb'stænʃl] adj.大量的;价值巨大;牢固的;实质性的
应用：substantial amunt/number 大量/客观数量 substantial prgress 重大进展 substantial evidence 实质性证据
变形：substance n. 物质;材料;实质
例句： The cmpany earned substantial prfits last year.
练习：The cmpany reprted a ______ increase in prfits this quarter.A. subtle B. substantialC. temprary D. minimal
解析：A.subtle:微妙的B.substantial：显著的C.temprary：暂时的D.minimal：微小的
decrease [dɪ'kriːs] v.减少; 减小; 降低 n.减少; 降低: 减少量
应用：decrease by 减少了 decrease 从……减少到…… decrease significantly/sharply 显著/急剧减少 n the decrease 在减少中 rate f decrease 减少率
反义词：increase v. 增加
例句： The temperature decreased frm 30°C t 25°C.
练习：The number f independent firms decreased ________ 198 ________ 96. There has been a steady decrease ________ the number f visitrs.The price f wheat has decreased ________ 5%.
解析："decrease " 表示数量从某个数值下降到另一个数值，强调变化的起点和终点。"decrease in + 名词" 表示在某方面的减少，通常用于描述抽象或整体的变化。"decrease by + 百分比/数值" 表示变化的幅度或具体数值。
thanks t 幸亏；由于
表示由于的短语：because f due t wing t as a result f n accunt f
例句： 1.Thanks t yur help, we finished n time. 2.Many species died ut as a result f pllutin.
练习：______ the new plicy, many small businesses survived the ecnmic t D.Accrding t
解析：A.:Thanks t:多亏，由于；强调积极原因，后接名词/名词短语。B.Because:需接从句。C.Despite:尽管；表让步，与句意矛盾。D.Accrding t:根据；不表示因果关系。
transfrm [trænsˈfɔːm] vi.&vt. 改变，转变；使改变
应用：transfrm int 转变成 transfrm 从……转变成…… be transfrmed by 被……改变
变形：transfrmatin  n.  改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数) transfrmable  adj.  可变形的；可变化的 transfrmer  n.  促使改变的人或物；变压器
例句：Many cmpanies are ging thrugh digital transfrmatin.
练习：After years f hard wrk, the small village was transfrmed ______ a mdern city. The cmpany transfrmed ______ a lcal business ______ an internatinal brand in just a decade.The ld factry was transfrmed ______ mdern technlgy, becming a smart manufacturing center.
解析："transfrm int" 表示“转变成”，强调事物性质或形态的彻底改变。"transfrm " 强调从一种状态到另一种状态的转变过程。"be transfrmed by" 表示“被……改变”，强调外力或外部因素的作用。
thinking [ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] n. 思想; 思维; 见解
应用：wishful thinking 一厢情愿 cmes up with new thughts 提出新的想法 n secnd thughts 经重新斟酌 at the thught f 一想到……
变形：thught n. 思想；关心；想法；思考
例句：Gd leaders use strategic thinking t guide their cmpanies.
练习：Critical ______ is essential fr slving cmplex D.thinks
解析：A.thinking:固定搭配"critical thinking"（批判性思维）B.thught:想法C.thinker:思考者D.thinks:动词，思考（第三人称单数）
initial [ɪ'nɪʃl] adj.最初的; 开始的;第一的
应用：at / in the initial stages f smething 在某事物的初始阶段 the initial letter f a wrd 单词的首字母 initial stage/phase 初始阶段 initial impressin 第一印象
变形：initially adv. 开始; 最初 initiative n. 倡议; 新方案
例句：The initial plan was t travel by train, but we changed t flights.
练习：Please write yur __________ at the bttm f the dcument._________, the plan seemed perfect, but later we discvered flaws. The gvernment launched a new _________ t prmte renewable energy.
解析：initial 作名词时指“首字母”，常用复数形式 initials。initially（副词）表示“最初、一开始”，用于句首修饰整个句子。initiative（名词）指“倡议、计划”，常与动词 launch/take 搭配。
vaccine ['væksiːn] n. 疫苗
应用：get/receive a Cvid-19 vaccine 接种新冠疫苗
变形：vaccinate v. 给……接种疫苗
例句：The COVID-19 vaccine effectively reduces severe illness and death.
slid ['sɒlɪd] adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 n. 固体
应用：slid evidence 确凿证据 a slid fundatin 坚实的基础 slid fuel/fd 固体燃料/食物 stand n slid grund 有充分依据
联想：liquid adj. 液体的, 液态的 n.液体 gas 气体
例句：Befre debating, make sure yu stand n slid grund with yur facts.
练习：写出下列句中slid的含义
1. Slids turn t liquids at certain temperatures. 2. He did nt eat slid fd fr several weeks. 3. A tennis ball is hllw（空心的）, but a base ball is slid. 4. If yur race car isn’t insured（投保）, yu may risk lsing everything when it hits smething slid.
cast [kɑːst] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
应用：cast a shadw (ver) 投下阴影 cast light n 阐明；使理解 cast dubt n 对……产生怀疑 cast aside 抛弃；丢弃 cast ut 驱逐；赶走
例句：The scientist's discvery cast new light n the cause f the disease.
练习：The prfessr’s research cast ______ n the ancient civilizatin’s mysterius disappearance.The new evidence cast ________ n the reliability f the witness’s testimny.She decided t cast ______ her fears and pursue her dream career.
解析："cast light n" 表示“阐明、使理解”，通常用于解释复杂或未知的事物。"cast dubt n" 表示“对……产生怀疑”，强调使某事的可信度降低。"cast aside" 表示“抛弃、丢弃”，常用于摆脱负面情绪或旧习惯。
shadw ['ʃædəʊ] n. 影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈 v.投阴影于……
应用：cast a shadw n... 在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影 shadw play 皮影戏 shadws under sb.’s eyes 某人的黑眼圈 in/under the shadw f 被...的光彩所掩盖 be afraid f ne's wn shadw 胆小如鼠
例句：The muntain cast a lng shadw n the valley belw.
练习：写出下列句中shadw的含义
1.The children were having fun, chasing each ther’s shadws. 2. He didn’t want t cast a shadw n their happiness. 3. I thught I saw a figure standing in the shadws.
pur [pɔː(r)] v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
应用：pur dwn (雨)倾盆而下 pur int 大量涌入 pur ut 倾诉；倒出 pur ver 仔细阅读/研究 pur ne's heart ut 敞开心扉
眼泪：tears pur/ rll/run/ stream/ flw dwn ne’s cheek
例句：Turists pur int the city during the summer hlidays.
练习：We had t cancel the picnic because it suddenly started t pur ______ heavily. After the stre annunced a huge sale, custmers began t pur ______ the shpping mall. At the therapy sessin, she finally pur ______ her feelings abut the divrce.
解析："pur dwn" 表示“（雨）倾盆而下”，强调大雨突然且猛烈。"pur int" 表示“大量涌入”，通常用于描述人群、资金等快速进入某地。"pur ut" 表示“倾诉（情感）”或“倒出（液体）”，此处指情感宣泄。
patritic [ˌpeɪtri'ɒtɪk] adj. 爱国的
应用：patritic spirit 爱国精神 patritic educatin 爱国主义教育
变形：patritism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神 patrit n. 爱国者 patritically adv. 爱国地
例句：The sldiers fught with patritic spirit t defend their cuntry.
练习：The ______ sng brught tears t the veterans' eyes during the natinal D.irnic
解析：A.rmantic:浪漫的B.patritic:爱国的C.dramatic:戏剧的D.irnic:讽刺的
break ut (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
关于break的短语：break dwn 出故障;失败;垮掉;分解 break in 破门而入;打断(谈话等) break int 强行闯入;突然……起来 break away frm 脱离;挣脱 break up 打碎;分裂;解体 break thrugh 突破
例句：Vilence brke ut during the prtest, causing chas in the city.
练习：My car break ______ n the highway, and I had t call fr help. Smene tried t break ______ while we were n vacatin, but the alarm scared them away. When she heard the gd news, she break ______ tears f jy.
解析："break dwn" 表示“（机器、车辆）出故障”，强调突然无法正常工作。"break in" 表示“破门而入”，通常指非法闯入。"break int" 表示“突然……起来”，后接名词（如 tears, laughter, applause）。
defend [dɪ'fend] v.保卫; 防守; 辩解
应用： defend against 抵御攻击 defend frm 保护……免受伤害 defend neself 自卫 defend ne's psitin/pinin 捍卫立场/观点
变形：defence n. 防御;保卫 defensive adj. 防御的，戒备的；防守的；百般辩解的
例句：He defended himself with a stick when attacked by the dg.
练习： The lawyer wrked hard t ______ her client in D.intend
解析：A.defend:辩护B.ffend:冒犯C.pretend:假装D.intend:打算
assistant [ə'sɪstənt] n.助理; 助手
应用： assist sb. t d sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事 assist sb. in ding sth. 帮助某人做某事 cme t ne's assistance 援助某人 be f assistance t sb. 有助于某人 with the assistance/help f 在……的帮助下
变形：assistance n. 帮助，援助 assist v. 帮助
例句：She wrks as a teaching assistant in the bilgy department.
练习：The prfessr's research ______ helped rganize all the labratry D.assisted
解析：A.assistant:可数名词;助手，助理（指具体的人）B.assistance:不可数名词;帮助，援助（抽象概念）C.assist:动词原形;帮助D.assisted:动词过去式/过去分词
in charge f 主管；掌管（表主动）
关于charg的短语：take charge 接管；承担责任 free f charge 免费 charge (sb) with (sth) 指控；赋予责任 charge up 充电；激励 charge at 冲向；攻击 under the charge f 在…的监管下 bring a charge against 提出控告
例句：1.The suspect is nw under the charge f the authrities. 2.Wh is in charge f the prject while the manager is away?
练习： As lng as yu’ve paid in advance, we wn’t charge yu ______ delivery.The plice charged the thief ______ stealing the jewels.A series f activities related t study and sprts are _______ the charge f the students in the English Department.
解析：charge sb fr sth 表示"为某事物向某人收费"。charge sb with (a crime) 表示"以某项罪名起诉某人"。under the charge f sb 表示"由某人负责管理"，强调责任归属。
leadership [ˈliːdəʃɪp] n.领导地位；领导才能
应用： under sb's leadership 在某人的领导下 assume/take n leadership 承担领导职责 lead the way 带路；引领 lead by example 以身作则 lead a life 过...的生活
变形：leader n. 领袖；领导者 lead v. 带路；领导/带领 n. 铅 leading adj. 领导的；主要的
例句：The cmpany flurished under her leadership.
练习：________ the new CEO, the cmpany’s prfits increased by 30% in just ne year. After the manager resigned, Sarah was asked t ___________________ the leadership f the prject.
assume / take n
解析："under sb's leadership" 表示“在某人的领导下”，强调在某人管理或指挥下取得某种成果。"assume/take n leadership" 表示“承担领导职责”，强调主动接受领导角色。
trace [treɪs] v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 n. 痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹
应用： trace back t 追溯到 trace the surce/rigin 追踪来源 leave n trace 不留痕迹 trace a path/rute 描绘路线 trace ver 描摹
例句：1.The artist traced ver the pencil sketch with ink. 2.The explrer traced a rute thrugh the muntains n the map.
练习：The detective managed t ______ the missing painting t an antique dealer in D.trail
解析：A.track:跟踪B.trace:追踪，追溯；强调通过线索找到来源，+ t 表示"追溯到..."C.trade:交易D.trail:踪迹
utstanding [aʊt'stændɪŋ] adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的
应用： utstanding perfrmance/achievement 杰出表现/成就 an utstanding figure 杰出人才
同义词：splendid/remarkable/exceptinal/splendid/superb/brilliant
例句：Marie Curie made utstanding cntributins t science.
gifted [ˈgɪftɪd] adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
应用： be gifted in ...　 在……方面有天赋　 be gifted with... 天生具备…… have a gift/talent fr... 有……的天赋 shw a talent fr 显示出…天赋
变形：gift n. 礼物;天赋
例句：Mzart was a gifted musician wh cmpsed his first symphny at age 8.
练习： She is gifted ______ music cmpsitin, winning several natinal awards by age 15.The child is gifted ______ an extrardinary memry, able t recall every detail f the stry.He has a ______ fr public speaking, always captivating his audience effrtlessly.
解析："be gifted in + 领域" 表示“在某方面有天赋”，强调特定领域的才能。"be gifted with + 特质/能力" 表示“天生具备某种能力或特质”。"have a gift/talent fr + 技能/活动" 表示“有……的天赋”，强调与生俱来的能力。
cme dwn 患(病)；染上(小病)
与cme有关的短语： cme up with 提及；讨论；想出 cme abut 发生 cme t 总共，合计；苏醒 cme acrss 偶然遇见，碰见；发现 cme ut 出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知 cme int being 形成，产生
例句：Half the class came dwn with the flu after the schl trip.
练习： Little Thmas ______________ with chicken px at the weekend.I _______________ a grup f children playing in the street. New stars cntinued t __________________ frm the gas cluds f the disk.
cme int being
解析："cme dwn with + 疾病" 表示"患上（某种疾病）"，强调突然生病。"cme acrss" 表示"偶然遇见/发现"，后接人或物。"cme int being" 是固定短语，表示"形成、诞生"，强调事物从无到有的过程，尤其适用于天文、哲学或历史语境中描述新事物的出现。
steady [ˈstedi] adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的
应用： steady prgress 稳步进展 steady incme 固定收入 g steady (with sb) （与某人）确立恋爱关系 hld steady 保持稳定/不动摇 steady yurself 稳住身体/情绪
变形：steadily adv. 稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地
例句：She grabbed the rail t steady herself n the rcking bat.
练习： The dctr asked him t take deep, ______ breaths t calm D.rapid
解析：A.steady:平稳的；符合"深呼吸以平静"的语境。B.sudden:突然的C.shaky:颤抖的D.rapid:快速的
fault [fɔːlt] n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障
应用： at fault 负有责任；有过错 find fault (with) 挑剔；找茬 t a fault 过分地（多指优点过度）
变形：faultless adj. 无错误的；完美无缺的 faulty adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的
例句：He always finds fault with his cwrkers' ideas.
shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变; 转换; 轮班 v.转移; 挪动; 转向
应用： a shift in the wind 风向有变 the shift key (计算机)转换键 be n the day / night shift 值白/夜班 shift wrk 轮班工作 shift the media’s attentin 转移媒体的注意力
例句：She shifted her fcus frm science t literature in cllege.
练习：The factry intrduced a night ______ t increase D.mve
解析：A.shift:这里指"轮班"B.change:改变C.turn:转向D.mve:移动
定义：否定前缀（Negative Prefixes）是附加在单词前以改变其原义为相反或否定含义的字母或音节。英语中常见的否定前缀包括：un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, nn-, mis-, anti- 等。
例：accurate准确的 → inaccurate不准确的 cmplete 完整的→ incmplete不完整的 happy开心的 → unhappy不开心的 pssible 可能的→ impssible不可能的 legal 合法的→ illegal非法的 hnest 诚实的→ dishnest不诚实的
They felt frustrated _____the lack f prgress. Every jb has its difficulties and ____________(frustrate)．If that happens，the cach will take the blame _____it. Yellw is generally linked _______cnfidence, self－respect and friendliness. The price f wheat has decreased ____5%. [一词多义] I wasn’t sure if I culd handle such a pwerful car. _________
frustratins
His failure is _________the fact that he lacks experience.[一词多义]When anxiety beats yu, r casts a shadw ver yur life, this is a serius prblem. _______________The gvernment has pured a large sum f mney ______the educatin system.The immune system is ur main defence ______diseases.Dn’t sell her shrt：she is very sme ___________areas.A fire __________ in a hspital last night, but n ne was killed.
vt.投射(光、影子等)