【英语】北京市东城区2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末试卷（解析版）

这是一份【英语】北京市东城区2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It’s still dark as my husband and I walk dwn a frested rad t the platfrm by the sea where ur bat is waiting. We have ___1___ a fishing trip with a lcal guide.
This is my first pen-water fishing trip and I’m nervus. Mre than nervus-pretty much terrified. The bat is small, with nly tw seats at the frnt. We’ll be ___2___ pen water, maybe even beynd sight f land. Thugh I keep my anxiety t myself, my husband knws hw much effrt it is ___3___ me.
We reach the bat, and ur guide welcmes us abard. And then we cast ff and mtr tward the deep water. I watch the sky lighten, reflecting n the ___4___ that has brught me t this mment.
Fr mst f my adult life, I’d chsen t stay ___5___ in my cmfrt zne whenever pssible. As I reflected hw I wanted t spend my remaining years, I knew I had t make sme big ___6___. And s, this year I made a reslutin t turn my relatinship with fear upside dwn. Nw, I am living with my decisin t be ___7___, and by this pint, I’m five mnths int my reslutin. I’ve signed up fr a dance perfrmance-even thugh at frty-five I had n previus experience. I’ve faced my fear f ___8___, climbing muntain peaks. I’ve tried caving at a natinal park. And with each successful new experience, my ___9___ has grwn.
The wind buffets my face as the shreline disappears behind ur bat. The water isn’t glass, but it’s calmer than it culd be. I begin t think that this fishing trip might actually becme mre than a test. I might ____10____ my time at sea. I can d this!
1. A. recrdedB. sharedC. recalledD. bked
2. A. searching frB. heading ut frC. lnging frD. making way fr
3. A. cstingB. teachingC. equippingD. helping
4. A. cnditinB. suggestinC. decisinD. evaluatin
5. A. safelyB. prudlyC. frtunatelyD. sincerely
6. A. impactsB. prfitsC. prmisesD. changes
7. A. friendlyB. wiseC. braveD. utging
8. A. lssesB. heightsC. darknessD. regrets
9. A. leadershipB. patienceC. cnfidenceD. creativity
10. A. saveB. enjyC. killD. emply
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在当地导游的带领下，进行首次公开水域钓鱼之旅的经历。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经和当地导游预订了一次钓鱼之旅。A. recrded记录；B. shared分享；C. recalled回忆；D. bked预订。根据下文“We reach the bat, and ur guide welcmes us abard.”可知，作者和丈夫已经和当地导游预订了一次钓鱼之旅。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们将前往开阔水域，甚至可能超出陆地的视线。A. searching fr寻找；B. heading ut fr前往；C. lnging fr渴望；D. making way fr为……让路。根据下文“pen water, maybe even beynd sight f land”可知，作者和丈夫将前往开阔水域。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我把焦虑藏在心里，但我丈夫知道这对我来说有多难。A. csting花费；B. teaching教；C. equipping装备；D. helping帮助。根据上文“Mre than nervus-pretty much terrified.”可知，虽然作者把焦虑藏在心里，但丈夫知道这对作者来说有多难，即需要付出多大的努力。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看着天空变亮，思考着让我走到这一刻的决定。A. cnditin条件；B. suggestin建议；C. decisin决定；D. evaluatin评估。根据下文“And s, this year I made a reslutin t turn my relatinship with fear upside dwn.”可知，作者看着天空变亮，思考着让自己走到这一刻的决定。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我的成年生活中，只要有可能，我都会选择安全地待在自己的舒适区。A. safely安全地；B. prudly自豪地；C. frtunately幸运地；D. sincerely真诚地。根据下文“in my cmfrt zne whenever pssible”可知，作者成年后，只要有可能，都会选择安全地待在自己的舒适区。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我思考如何度过余生时，我知道我必须做出一些重大改变。A. impacts影响；B. prfits利润；C. prmises承诺；D. changes改变。根据上文“As I reflected hw I wanted t spend my remaining years”及下文“this year I made a reslutin”可知，作者意识到自己必须做出一些重大改变。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我正坚持自己要勇敢的决定，到目前为止，我已经坚持五个月了。A. friendly友好的；B. wise明智的；C. brave勇敢的；D. utging外向的。根据上文“And s, this year I made a reslutin t turn my relatinship with fear upside dwn.”可知，作者决定要勇敢面对恐惧，所以现在作者正坚持自己要勇敢的决定。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经克服了对高度的恐惧，攀登了山峰。A. lsses损失；B. heights高度；C. darkness黑暗；D. regrets遗憾。根据下文“climbing muntain peaks”可知，作者已经克服了对高度的恐惧，攀登了山峰。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次成功的新体验，都让我的信心倍增。A. leadership领导力；B. patience耐心；C. cnfidence信心；D. creativity创造力。根据上文“I’ve signed up fr a dance perfrmance-even thugh at frty-five I had n previus experience. I’ve faced my fear f , climbing muntain peaks. I’ve tried caving at a natinal park.”可知，作者报名参加了舞蹈表演；作者还克服了对高度的恐惧，攀登了山峰；在国家公园尝试了洞穴探险。由此可知，每一次成功的新体验，都让作者的信心倍增。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可能会享受在海上度过的时光。A. save拯救；B. enjy享受；C. kill杀死；D. emply雇佣。根据上文“I begin t think that this fishing trip might actually becme mre than a test.”和下文“I can d this!”可知，作者开始认为这次钓鱼之旅可能不仅仅是一次考验，作者可能会享受在海上度过的时光。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Our library had a “Music in the Lbby” day and I registered t play ld-time pian tunes. An elderly gentleman and his granddaughter stpped ____11____ (listen). Nticing he was unable t stand, I patted the bench alngside me and he tk a seat ____12____ (slw). When I played the rmantic lve sng “Strangers in the Night”, he began t sing. An audience gathered as the man accmpanied me thrughut the perfrmance. At the end, he ____13____ (give) a standing applause. As the man left, his granddaughter whispered in my ear. “My grandpa has nt sung a wrd since Grandma passed away,” she said. “Thank yu fr giving him his vice back.”
【答案】11. t listen 12. slwly 13. was given
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者在图书馆演奏老式钢琴曲时，如何帮助一位失去伴唱多年的老人找回歌声，并带给其家人感动的故事。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一位老先生和他的孙女停下来听（我弹奏）。此处为固定搭配stp t d sth.，意为“停下来去做某事”，表示停下正在做的事去做另一件事，所以用动词不定式t listen作宾语。故填t listen。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：注意到他站不住，我拍了拍我旁边的长凳，他慢慢地坐了下来。此处修饰动词tk，用slw的副词slwly，意为“慢慢地”。故填slwly。
【13题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：表演结束时，他受到了起立鼓掌（的礼遇）。此处为谓语动词，he与give为被动关系，结合上文的谓语动词gathered以及下文的谓语动词left以及whispered可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was given。故填was given。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since reducing meat and dairy can help with ur planet’s climate, Brigham and Wmen’s Faulkner Hspital is pineering a strategy t get peple t cnsume mre plant-based fd. Thrugh research, the hspital has fund that the fds ____14____(label) “vegetarian” tend t attract nly a certain grup f the hspital’s patients ____15____ have dietary restrictins. S they stpped mentining “vegetarian” in the name f any dishes. S far, Faulkner Hspital ____16____ (see) a 2.2% decrease in ttal carbn emissins per calrie. What is mre, vegetarian diets have helped diversify the patients’ diets, ____17____ (increase) their intake f healthful fiber, vitamins, and ther micrnutrients.
【答案】14. labeled##labelled 15. wh##that 16. has seen 17. increasing
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了布里格姆妇女福克纳医院通过减少肉类和奶制品的摄入，推广植物性饮食，以减少碳排放并改善患者饮食多样性的举措及其成效。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通过研究，医院发现，标有“素食”标签的食物往往只能吸引医院里那些有饮食限制的特定患者群体。句子已有谓语动词has fund，空处为非谓语动词作定语，label与fds构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填labeled/labelled。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句修饰先行词patients，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词wh或that引导。故填wh/that。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，福克纳医院每卡路里的总碳排放量已经减少了2.2%。根据上文s far可知，为现在完成时，主语为Faulkner Hspital，助动词用has。故填has seen。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，素食饮食有助于使患者的饮食多样化，增加他们摄入有益的纤维、维生素和其他微量营养素。句子已有谓语动词have helped，空处为非谓语动词作状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作状语。故填increasing。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
If archaelgists (考古学家) are asked why their wrk is imprtant, they are mst likely t respnd that it is ____18____ the same reasns that histry is valued. By knwing ur human past, we appreciate wh we are and ____19____ we came frm. Accrdingly, by studying the past, we can infrm ur decisins abut the future. Therefre, archaelgy’s ptential fr educating mre intelligent, invlved, glbal ____20____ (citizen) is cnsiderable. In classrms, learning abut archaelgy helps students imprve varius skills acrss many disciplines and develp a sensitivity t ther peple and diverse cultures.
【答案】18. fr 19. where 20. citizens
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是考古学的重要性，它通过研究人类过去帮助我们了解自身，并为未来决策提供信息，同时在教育中具有提升学生多学科能力和文化敏感性的潜力。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果问考古学家他们的工作为何重要，他们很可能会回答，这和历史受到重视的原因是一样的。此处为固定搭配，意为“由于……原因”，所以用介词fr。故填fr。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：通过了解我们人类的过去，我们能明白自己是谁，来自何处。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，与“wh we are”并列作appreciate的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，句意不完整，结合句意，此处表示“来自哪里”，用连接副词where。故填where。
【20题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：因此，考古学在培养更有智慧、更积极参与的全球公民方面的潜力是巨大的。citizen为可数名词，作宾语，空前无限定词，所以此处使用名词复数形式citizens，泛指全球公民。故填citizens。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Cycling hlidays in the UK and Eurpe have never been easier fr families, with paths t suit every ability frm children t teens.
Eurpe’s well-established cycling netwrks include dzens f child-friendly rutes t help active families turn a weekend pastime int an exciting hliday. Whether circling lakes r tracking rivers, there’s a trip fr every age and ability in the rutes belw.
Van Ggh Cycle Rute, Netherlands
Cycling level: beginner-quiet and gentle; a great experience f cycling breaks. The villages, nature reserves and fields in nrtheastern Netherlands nce caught the eye f Vincent van Ggh. This new rute highlights the regin and passes by the real-life scenes painted by the artist. The full rute is arund 30 miles and is perfect fr yung cyclists, fllwing flat cuntry paths and canal paths.
Cir Trail, Balkans
Cycling level: cnfident, with sme hills and a few ff-rad sectins.
This path fllws the ut-f-service railway frm Mstar all the way t Dubrvnik. The statin buildings have been transfrmed int cheap, bike-friendly guesthuses and cafes fr service statins alng the rute, and yung cyclists will be thrilled by the tunnel (隧道) sectins. On the way, there are sparkling rivers fr refreshing swims.
Danube Cycle Path, Austria
Cycling level: beginner-the cycle paths are flat and smth, making them suitable fr all.
The full Danube Cycle Path, cvering eight cuntries, is a bit ambitius fr a family break, but sme mini sectins are ideal fr the yungest riders. One f the best is the Austrian part frm Linz t Vienna, fllwing the flat riverside path thrugh ancient twns, explring castle ruins alng the way. It’s a great jurney fr adventurus families t plan independently.
Atlantic Cast Rute, Prtugal
Cycling level: middle level-cycle as far as yu like each day.
Part f the Eurpean bicycle rute netwrk, the western end f the Atlantic Cast Rute frm Prt t Lisbn cnnects tw great child-friendly cities. It’s an eight-day trip thrugh ne f Eurpe’s sunniest crners, skirting wide beaches, and fishing villages with fresh seafd. The attractin f seafd pizza at the day’s end will keep yungsters cycling hard n the tur.
21. The families taking the rute in Balkans will ________.
A. witness the scenes in masterpiecesB. cycle thrugh sme rugh tracks
C. enjy beautiful cast viewsD. travel by ld train
22. Which rute will a family mst prbably chse if they are histry lvers?
A. Van Ggh Cycle Rute.
B. Cir Trail.
C. Danube Cycle Path.
D. Atlantic Cast Rute.
23. What is the cmmn feature amng the fur trips?
A. Passing by culture-related cities.
B. Requiring advanced cycling skills.
C. Prviding unique adventurus experiences.
D. Including sectins suitable fr yung riders.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国和欧洲适合家庭骑行的四条路线，包括路线地点、骑行难度以及路线特色等信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Cir Trail, Balkans”部分“Cycling level: cnfident, with sme hills and a few ff-rad sectins. (骑行水平：自信，有一些山丘和一些越野路段)”可知，在巴尔干地区的Cir Trail路线骑行时，会有一些越野路段，也就是会经过一些崎岖的路段。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Danube Cycle Path, Austria”部分“One f the best is the Austrian part frm Linz t Vienna, fllwing the flat riverside path thrugh ancient twns, explring castle ruins alng the way. (其中最好的一段是从林茨到维也纳的奥地利段，沿着平坦的河边小路穿过古镇，沿途探索城堡废墟)”可知，Danube Cycle Path路线沿途可以探索城堡废墟，对于历史爱好者来说是很不错的选择。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Van Ggh Cycle Rute, Netherlands”部分“The full rute is arund 30 miles and is perfect fr yung cyclists, fllwing flat cuntry paths and canal paths. (全程约30英里，沿着平坦的乡村小路和运河小路，非常适合年轻骑手)”；“Cir Trail, Balkans”部分“The statin buildings have been transfrmed int cheap, bike-friendly guesthuses and cafes fr service statins alng the rute, and yung cyclists will be thrilled by the tunnel sectins. (车站建筑已被改造成廉价的、适合自行车的旅馆和咖啡馆，作为沿途的服务站，年轻的自行车手们会对隧道部分感到兴奋)”；“Danube Cycle Path, Austria”部分“The full Danube Cycle Path, cvering eight cuntries, is a bit ambitius fr a family break, but sme mini sectins are ideal fr the yungest riders. (全程覆盖八个国家的多瑙河自行车道，对于家庭度假来说有点雄心勃勃，但一些小路段非常适合年龄最小的骑手)”以及“Atlantic Cast Rute, Prtugal”部分“Part f the Eurpean bicycle rute netwrk, the western end f the Atlantic Cast Rute frm Prt t Lisbn cnnects tw great child-friendly cities. (作为欧洲自行车路线网络的一部分，从波尔图到里斯本的大西洋海岸路线的西端连接了两个非常适合儿童的城市)”可知，这四条路线的共同特点是都包含适合年轻骑手的路段。故选D。
B
Erik Ahlsten says firmly, “This is the best accmmdatin I’ve ever had.” His friend and neighbur Manfred Bachrach is equally enthusiastic. “I really like this way f living,” he says. “It’s very much my cup f tea.”
The tw are referring t their new hme, Sallb, an experiment in multigeneratinal living in suthern Sweden. Sallb cnsists f 51 apartments spread ver fur flrs f a retirement hme. Mre than half f the 72 residents are in their 70s, like Ahlsten and Bachrach; the rest are aged 18-25. All were selected after an extensive interview prcess t ensure a mix f persnalities, backgrunds and values, and all had t sign a cntract prmising t spend at least tw hurs a week scialising with their neighburs.
The prject is rganised by Helsingbrgshem, a husing cmpany, and results frm an idea they had in 2016 due t cncern abut lneliness amng lder grups. Swedes are extremely independent-yung peple start living alne earlier than anywhere in Eurpe-a characteristic that cntinues int ld age, with many elderly peple chsing t remain in their wn hmes. Yet a sense f islatin (孤立) pses a real danger t health and remains cmmn amng retirees. “Our research shwed that elderly peple were feeling islated frm sciety and were very lnely in their everyday life. They were nly mixing with thers f the same age,” says Dragana Curvic, the prject manager f Sallb.
The arrangement f Sallb seems t be wrking fr yung and ld. Ahlsten and Bachrach have been cking dinners, ding repairs, and driving peple arund. In return, the yunger residents help with mdern technlgy and scial media. “It’s a real cmmunity, and the mix f peple wrks very well,” says Ahlsten. Since mving in, he’s jined the gardening grup, the Sunday night mvie club and learnt t play card games. “The whle building is like a family,” says Ali Srush, a yung man frm Afghanistan. “There are parties all the time — every weekend it’s smene’s birthday r sme celebratin.”
With lneliness n the rise and cnsidered a genuine health risk, prjects such as Sallb are seen increasingly as a slutin t islatin. “We hpe peple can have ttally nrmal relatinships between yungsters, the elderly and ther peple,” says Curvic. “We want t enhance peple’s willingness t integrate, and it desn’t merely start with husing.”
24. What can we learn abut Sallb?
A. Its residents have similar backgrunds.
B. Free accmmdatin is ffered in Sallb.
C. It’s mst Swedish retirees’ residential chice.
D. Scial cmmunicatin is required f its residents
25. What led t the prject f Sallb?
A. The wrry ver lneliness prblem amng the elderly.
B. The prfit frm investing in husing the islated peple.
C. The hpe t balance the relatinship between yung and ld.
D. The traditinal culture f individual independence in Sweden.
26. What des Ali Srush think abut Sallb?
A. Cntributin-valued.
B. Heart-warming.
C. Duty-balanced.
D. Cst-effective.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典南部一个多代同堂居住的实验项目Sallb，该项目旨在解决老年人孤独问题，通过让年轻人和老年人共同居住，促进社交互动，目前该项目取得了良好的效果。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“All were selected after an extensive interview prcess t ensure a mix f persnalities, backgrunds and values, and all had t sign a cntract prmising t spend at least tw hurs a week scialising with their neighburs. (所有人都是经过广泛的面试程序后被选中的，以确保他们的性格、背景和价值观多样化，并且所有人都必须签署一份合同，承诺每周至少花两个小时与邻居交往)”可知，Sallb的居民需要签署合同，承诺每周至少花两个小时与邻居交往，即要求居民进行社交。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The prject is rganised by Helsingbrgshem, a husing cmpany, and results frm an idea they had in 2016 due t cncern abut lneliness amng lder grups. (该项目由住房公司Helsingbrgshem组织，源于他们2016年对老年群体孤独问题的担忧)”可知，对老年人孤独问题的担忧导致了Sallb项目的产生。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“‘The whle building is like a family,’ says Ali Srush, a yung man frm Afghanistan. ‘There are parties all the time — every weekend it’s smene’s birthday r sme celebratin.’ (‘整栋楼就像一个家庭，’来自阿富汗的年轻人Ali Srush说。‘总是有聚会——每个周末都有人过生日或庆祝什么。’)”可知，Ali Srush认为Sallb总是有聚会，每个周末都有人过生日或庆祝，这让人感到温暖。由此可知，Ali Srush认为Sallb是暖心的。故选B。
C
Frm an airplane, cars crawling dwn the highway lk like ants. But actual ants-unlike cars-smehw manage t avid the prblem f stp-and-g traffic. Researchers are nw studying these insects’ cperative strategies t learn hw t prgram self-driving cars that dn’t jam up.
The free flw f traffic becmes chatic as the density (密度) f cars increases n a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, ne driver tapping their brakes (刹车) can cause a cntinuus wave f crwding. “It’s a kind f phase transitin, like water turning frm a liquid t a slid frm,” says Katsuhir Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University f Tky, wh studies these jamming transitins.
Nishinari’s previus research had shwn that ants searching fr fd can maintain their flw even at high densities. S what’s their secret? In a recent study, researchers recrded the rutes f the ants searching fr fd and used traffic-engineering mdels t analyze their mvement. They fund that the ants dn’t jam because they travel in grups f 3 t 20 that mve at nearly cnstant rates while keeping gd distances between ne anther-and they dn’t speed up t pass thers.
Human drivers at rush hur are hardly likely t fllw such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests f individuals, which is why, at a given pint, yu start t have a traffic jam,” says Nicla Pugn, wh studies sustainable engineering at the University f Trent in Italy. But self-driving cars, if they ne day becme universal, culd have mre cperative prgramming. In ne visin f this future, autnmus vehicles wuld share infrmatin with nearby cars t ptimize traffic flw-perhaps, Pugn suggests, by priritizing cnstant speeds and headways r by nt passing thers n the rad.
This vehicle netwrk wuld be analgus t ants searching fr fd, which use smell t adjust behavir while interacting with ne anther. “There is n leader, but this rganizatin emerges anyway,” says Pugn. Tday’s drivers can learn at least ne thing frm ants t avid causing a traffic jam, as Nishinari says: dn’t tailgate. By leaving rm between their car and the ne ahead f them, drivers can absrb a wave f braking in dense traffic cnditins that wuld therwise result in a traffic jam with n bvius cause. “Just keeping away,” Pugn says, “can help traffic flw smthly.”
27. What are the best wrds t describe ants’ grup mvement?
A. Free and independent.B. Disciplined and rderly.
C. Cmplex and invariable.D. Randm and uncmpetitive.
28. Why des Nishinari mentin water in Paragraph 2?
A. T cnfirm the existence f a phenmenn.
B. T express agreement with a viewpint.
C. T explain an abstract cncept.
D. T present a research finding.
29. What des the underlined wrd “analgus” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Accustmed.B. Adaptable.C. Similar.D. Preferable.
30. Which wuld Nishinari and Pugn bth agree with?
A. Insects have less self-centered behavir.
B. Leaderless interactin may relieve traffic pressure.
C. Technlgy develpment will regulate human cnduct.
D. The study f bilgical functins helps better scial behavir.
【答案】27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过研究蚂蚁的合作策略，来学习如何编程自动驾驶汽车以避免交通堵塞，同时探讨了人类驾驶与蚂蚁行为以及未来自动驾驶汽车之间的联系。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“They fund that the ants dn’t jam because they travel in grups f 3 t 20 that mve at nearly cnstant rates while keeping gd distances between ne anther-and they dn’t speed up t pass thers. (研究人员发现，蚂蚁不会陷入拥堵，是因为它们以3到20只为一组行进，行进速度几乎保持不变，同时彼此之间保持良好距离，而且它们不会加速超越其他蚂蚁)”可知，蚂蚁以有序的群体形式移动，保持恒定速度和良好间距，这体现了它们群体移动的纪律性和有序性。故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, ne driver tapping their brakes can cause a cntinuus wave f crwding. ‘It’s a kind f phase transitin, like water turning frm a liquid t a slid frm,’ says Katsuhir Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University f Tky, wh studies these jamming transitins. (在每车道每英里15辆车的情况下，一个司机踩刹车就会引发连续的拥堵波。东京大学的数学物理学家Katsuhir Nishinari研究这些拥堵转变，他说：‘这是一种相变，就像水从液态变成固态。’)”可知，Katsuhir Nishinari用水从液态变为固态的相变来类比交通拥堵的形成，其目的是为了解释“交通拥堵的形成”这个抽象的概念，让读者更易理解。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But self-driving cars, if they ne day becme universal, culd have mre cperative prgramming. In ne visin f this future, autnmus vehicles wuld share infrmatin with nearby cars t ptimize traffic flw-perhaps, Pugn suggests, by priritizing cnstant speeds and headways r by nt passing thers n the rad. (但自动驾驶汽车，如果有一天变得普遍，可能会有更多的合作程序。在未来的一个愿景中，自动驾驶汽车将与附近的汽车共享信息，以优化交通流量——也许，Pugn建议，通过优先考虑恒定的速度和前进，或者在路上不超过其他车辆)”以及第五段中“This vehicle netwrk wuld be analgus t ants searching fr fd, which use smell t adjust behavir while interacting with ne anther. (这个车辆网络将analgus于蚂蚁觅食，蚂蚁在相互交流时利用气味来调整行为)”可知，这里是将车辆网络和蚂蚁寻找食物进行类比，说明车辆网络与蚂蚁觅食在行为调整和信息交互方面有相似之处，所以“analgus”意思是“相似的”。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“This vehicle netwrk wuld be analgus t ants searching fr fd, which use smell t adjust behavir while interacting with ne anther. “There is n leader, but this rganizatin emerges anyway,” says Pugn. Tday’s drivers can learn at least ne thing frm ants t avid causing a traffic jam, as Nishinari says: dn’t tailgate. By leaving rm between their car and the ne ahead f them, drivers can absrb a wave f braking in dense traffic cnditins that wuld therwise result in a traffic jam with n bvius cause. “Just keeping away,” Pugn says, “can help traffic flw smthly.” (这种交通网络类似于蚂蚁寻找食物，它们在相互作用时利用气味来调整行为。Pugn说：“没有领导者，但这个组织无论如何都会出现。”今天的司机至少可以从蚂蚁身上学到一件事，以避免造成交通堵塞，正如Nishinari说的那样：不要追尾。通过在自己的车和前面的车之间留出空间，司机可以在交通拥挤的情况下吸收一波刹车，否则会导致没有明显原因的交通堵塞。“只要保持距离，”Pugn说，“就可以帮助交通顺畅。”)”可知，Nishinari和Pugn都认为研究蚂蚁等生物的行为模式和功能，有助于改善人类社会中的交通行为等社会行为，比如通过模仿蚂蚁的无领导合作模式来优化自动驾驶汽车的交通流。故选D。
D
Cultural heritage is the symbl f ur shared human histry, including artifacts, traditins, languages, and knwledge that have been passed dwn thrugh generatins. Preserving and safeguarding cultural heritage has always been a critical missin. In the digital era, the missin has becme a vital cncern. Digitizatin f cultural cntent, such as museum cllectins r libraries, digital bradcasting f artistic perfrmances, r digital brn art and heritage are happening at a fast pace.
While experiencing remarkable grwth, the digital transfrmatin presents unique challenges, such as the cncerns abut the cases where digital files may becme unreadable r unusable due t utdated frmats r hardware. Hwever, this is nt the biggest issue we encunter. The emergence f new digital cultural cntent has highlighted the limitatins f existing intellectual prperty rights (IPR) systems in effectively handling the challenges psed by the digital era.
In Eurpe, fr instance, with the bming develpment f the digital gaming industry, sme culture-related cases have raised specific IPR questins. Experts wnder if user-generated cntent frm. digital games creates new . The game itself is mst ften prtected by cpyright, but user-generated cntent, such as avatars (虚拟角色) created by players, is nt necessarily cvered by existing cpyright laws. Anther example is the inking culture f tatting. In UK laws, an riginal tatt is cpyrightable wrk; hwever, it seems nt t be the case fr AI-generated tatts. Bth cases may lead t debates ver wnership. As a result, museums ften avid sharing cllectins nline due t a “chilling effect” — the fear f facing legal prblems, like being respnsible fr breaking cpyright laws, cntract laws, r data prtectin rules.
Cultural heritage preservatin lies in striking a delicate balance between cnservatin f the past and transitin t the future. The rapid advancements in technlgy ffer exciting pprtunities fr digitizing, dcumenting, and preserving cultural heritage, prviding brader access and immersive (沉浸式) experiences fr glbal audiences, present and future. Furthermre, in the face f climate change, prtecting cultural heritage becmes urgent as the wrld faces increasingly severe envirnmental challenges. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and temperature fluctuatins threaten t destry cultural artifacts and heritage sites. Since digital cpies can serve as disaster backups (备份) t address climate-related damage, prtecting cultural sites frm climate change ges hand in hand with safeguarding heritage’s digital cpies.
All f these call fr a balance between innvatin and the preservatin f cultural heritage’s authenticity and integrity, which necessitates respect fr the variety f s, management f rights and authrizatins, and clear usage and access plicies. Only by tackling the cmplex challenges psed by digitizatin can we ensure technlgy enriches rather than endangers ur shared histry.
31. What is the biggest challenge digitizatin pses t cultural heritage prtectin?
A. The misinterpretatin f the digital transfrmatin.
B. The ptential failure f digital culture’s lng-term sustainability.
C. The difficulty in cnnecting culture digitizatin t cultural integrity.
D. The insufficiency f intellectual prperty plicies fr digital culture.
32. What situatin may result frm the “chilling effect” mentined in the passage?
A. Museums refuse t display the riginal items f cultural artifacts.
B. Galleries tighten the plicies fr e-frmat culture exchanges.
C. Libraries restrict access t digital bks n culture relics.
D. Schls ffer less cultural heritage-related curses.
33. What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A. The necessity f prtecting cultural heritage in digital frms.
B. The significance f prtecting cultural relics frm natural damage.
C. The pssibility f using technlgy in cultural heritage preservatin.
D. The barrier f achieving bth cnservatin and transitin at the same time.
34. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T advcate addressing existing issues.
B. T prmte the use f mdern technlgy.
C. T analyse the rigins f current challenges.
D. T explre the impact f innvatin n traditin.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A 34. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨数字时代文化遗产保护面临的挑战及平衡创新与保护的必要性。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Hwever, this is nt the biggest issue we encunter. The emergence f new digital cultural cntent has highlighted the limitatins f existing intellectual prperty rights (IPR) systems in effectively handling the challenges psed by the digital era.(然而，这并不是我们遇到的最大问题。新的数字文化内容的出现凸显了现有知识产权体系在有效应对数字时代带来的挑战方面的局限性。)”可知，数字化给文化遗产保护带来的最大挑战是知识产权政策无法满足数字文化的需求。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As a result, museums ften avid sharing cllectins nline due t a “chilling effect” — the fear f facing legal prblems, like being respnsible fr breaking laws, cntract laws, r data prtectin rules.(因此，由于“寒蝉效应”——害怕面临法律问题，如对违反版权法、合同法或数据保护规则负责，博物馆往往避免在网上分享藏品。)”可知，“寒蝉效应”可能导致美术馆收紧电子形式文化交流的政策。故选B项。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“The rapid advancements in technlgy ffer exciting pprtunities fr digitizing, dcumenting, and preserving cultural heritage, prviding brader access and immersive (沉浸式) experiences fr glbal audiences, present and future.(技术的快速发展为数字化、记录和保护文化遗产提供了令人兴奋的机会，为全球观众、现在和未来提供了更广泛的访问和沉浸式体验)”和“Since digital cpies can serve as disaster backups t address climate-related damage, prtecting cultural sites frm climate change ges hand in hand with safeguarding heritage’s digital cpies.(由于数字副本可以作为应对气候相关损害的灾难备份，保护文化遗址免受气候变化影响与保护遗产的数字副本相辅相成。)”可知，第四段主要讲述以数字形式保护文化遗产的必要性。故选A项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“All f these call fr a balance between innvatin and the preservatin f cultural heritage’s authenticity and integrity, which necessitates respect fr the variety f s, management f rights and authrizatins, and clear usage and access plicies. Only by tackling the cmplex challenges psed by digitizatin can we ensure technlgy enriches rather than endangers ur shared histry.(所有这些都要求在创新与保护文化遗产的真实性和完整性之间取得平衡，这需要尊重各种版权，管理权利和授权，并制定明确的使用和获取政策。只有应对数字化带来的复杂挑战，我们才能确保技术丰富而不是危害我们共同的历史。)”可知，文章的主要目的是倡导解决当前数字时代文化遗产保护存在的问题。故选A项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the last decade, STEM-Science, Technlgy, Engineering, and Math-has becme increasingly defined as the symbl f develpment, success, and prgress. Incming cllege students are increasingly chsing majrs like cmputer science, bilgy, and engineering, even if sme f them are nt particularly interested in thse subjects. ____35____ Hwever, this has subsequently left liberal arts and the imprtance f the field behind.
____36____ T answer the questin, we need t cnsider what liberal arts are. Different frm STEM, liberal arts are essentially the brad study f hw the wrld wrks, assisting with students’ critical thinking, creative applicatin, and scial skills, ranging frm tpics like psychlgy and scilgy t linguistics and histry.
Althugh tday STEM-based educatin seems t be the mst effective path t take fr career prspects, liberal arts can prduce just as much success. This is mainly due t the fact that a liberal arts educatin teaches students imprtant sft, scial skills, including clear and effective cmmunicatin, errr-free writing, prblem-slving, and successful data analysis, amng thers. ____37____ Withut them, hw can a student prperly prepare themselves fr a career?
In additin, students in liberal arts pssess the mst imprtant characteristic f being mre human. What they learn brings them distinctive scial insights. ____38____ It nt nly translates int mre humanized emplyees in the future wrkfrce but als prvides a significant psitive effect, t. As much as AI has taken the wrld by strm, it des nt take away frm the fact that when smene calls custmer service, they want t hear a human vice. They want smene wh can cnsiderately help them slve their prblems n a mre emtinal level rather than just being assisted by a rbt that fllws a prgram.
As sciety cntinues t evlve, and peple’s needs and wants cntinue t change, merely sticking t practical, baseline slutins will nt wrk. That’s exactly where liberal arts cme in. ____39____ And that’s the beauty and imprtance f liberal arts.
A. Why are students tday seeking twards the field?
B. D liberal arts still matter in a STEM-driven wrld?
C. These skills are what a gd emplyee shuld have.
D. Anyway, it seems like the “right” thing t d fr their future.
E. This nature generally can’t cme frm STEM-based educatin.
F. That’s why bth liberal arts and STEM are imprtant fr a prgressive sciety.
G. AI will never be able t truly understand humanity as an actual human mind can.
【答案】35. D 36. B 37. C 38. E 39. F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕在STEM (科学、技术、工程和数学) 盛行的当下，文科是否依然重要展开讨论，阐述了文科的定义、文科能带来的成功以及文科在社会发展中的独特作用。
【35题详解】
前文提到“Over the last decade, STEM-Science, Technlgy, Engineering, and Math - has becme increasingly defined as the symbl f develpment, success, and prgress. Incming cllege students are increasingly chsing majrs like cmputer science, bilgy, and engineering, even if sme f them are nt particularly interested in thse subjects. (在过去的十年里，STEM——科学、技术、工程和数学——越来越被定义为发展、成功和进步的象征。即将入学的大学生越来越多地选择计算机科学、生物学和工程学等专业，即使他们中的一些人对这些学科并不特别感兴趣)”说明学生选择STEM专业成为一种趋势，D选项“不管怎样，这似乎对他们未来来说是‘正确’的选择。”承接上文，解释了学生选择STEM专业的原因，符合语境。故选D。
【36题详解】
前文“Hwever, this has subsequently left liberal arts and the imprtance f the field behind. (然而，这随后将文科和该领域的重要性抛在了后面)”提到STEM的盛行使文科及其重要性被忽视，后文“T answer the questin, we need t cnsider what liberal arts are. (要回答这个问题，我们需要考虑文科是什么)”说明此处提出了一个问题，B选项“在以STEM为主导的世界里，文科还重要吗？”符合语境，引出后文对文科的探讨。故选B。
【37题详解】
前文“This is mainly due t the fact that a liberal arts educatin teaches students imprtant sft, scial skills, including clear and effective cmmunicatin, errr - free writing, prblem - slving, and successful data analysis, amng thers. (这主要是因为文科教育教会学生重要的软技能和社会技能，包括清晰有效的沟通、无错误的写作、解决问题和成功的数据分析等)”说明文科教育能教会学生重要技能，C选项“这些技能是一个好员工应该具备的。”承接上文，进一步强调这些技能的重要性，符合语境。故选C。
【38题详解】
前文“In additin, students in liberal arts pssess the mst imprtant characteristic f being mre human. What they learn brings them distinctive scial insights. (此外，文科学生具有最重要的更人性化的特点。他们所学的东西给他们带来了独特的社会洞察力)”说明文科学生有独特的特点，E选项“这种特质通常无法从基于STEM的教育中获得。”承接上文，将文科学生与STEM教育进行对比，符合语境。故选E。
【39题详解】
前文“As sciety cntinues t evlve, and peple’s needs and wants cntinue t change, merely sticking t practical, baseline slutins will nt wrk. That’s exactly where liberal arts cme in. (随着社会的不断发展，人们的需求和愿望不断变化，仅仅坚持实用的、基本的解决方案是行不通的。这正是文科的用武之地)”说明文科在社会发展中有重要作用，后文“And that’s the beauty and imprtance f liberal arts.(这就是文科的美丽和重要性)”强调了人文学科的价值。F选项“这就是为什么文科和STEM对一个进步的社会都很重要。”起到了承上启下的作用，总结全文，点明主旨，符合语境。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
We live in a wrld where mdern technlgy feeds int ur urge fr instant rewards. With just a click, we can watch vides, rder fd, r buy things nline. This ease f accessing pleasures strengthens the temptatin (诱惑) t give in t instant gratificatin rather than wrk twards lng-term gals.
Instant gratificatin is the desire t experience pleasure r satisfactin withut any delay. It dates back t the initial stages f humanity, when ur ancestrs lived in uncertain times with an unpredictable future. The unpredictable future made delaying gratificatin risky. This cncept has becme increasingly relevant in tday’s wrld, prviding us with a sense f satisfactin and achievement when we experience immediate rewards fr ur actins r decisins. When we mve tward ur gals, smetimes things get tugh. Under such circumstances, using instant gratificatin wisely can help us stay n track with ur lng-term bjectives by prviding shrt-term rewards alng the way.
Hwever, cnsistently giving in t the temptatin f quick rewards can rewire ur brains, affecting ur capacity fr patience and self-cntrl and vershadwing the imprtance f lng-term planning in every aspect f ur lives. The immediate rewards ffered by scial media in the frm f likes, shares, and cmments can lead t addictive behaviurs. Additinally, this trend can cause a lack f attentin fcus amng users f all ages. The urge fr immediate satisfactin brught by cnsuming junk fd can lead t chsing lw-quality and unhealthy fds ver nutritinal ptins, resulting in negative impacts n ur bdies. The desire t avid physical activities and chse immediate cmfrt utweighs the ptential psitive utcmes f imprved fitness and well-being, leading us t skip exercise. The need fr speedy utcmes can reduce ur ability t wait fr mre rewarding achievements.
Therefre, understanding hw instant gratificatin affects us is an essential part f maintaining balance in life. Learning hw t recgnize when immediate rewards are helpful rather than hlding back prgress is key t having healthy relatinships with urselves and thers arund us.
40. What des instant gratificatin refer t?
_______________________________________________________________________________
41. Hw can instant gratificatin help us if it is used prperly?
_______________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
We smetimes chse lw-quality and unhealthy fds because we dn’t care abut their negative impacts n ur bdies.
_______________________________________________________________________________
43. Hw will yu avid the negative impacts f instant gratificatin? (Abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Instant gratificatin refers t the desire t experience pleasure r satisfactin withut any delay.
41. It can help us stay n track with ur lng-term bjectives by prviding shrt-term rewards alng the way.
42. We smetimes chse lw-quality and unhealthy fds because we dn’t care abut their negative impacts n ur bdies.
Because we want t get the immediate satisfactin/instant gratificatin.
43. Open. I’ll set clear lng-term gals, limit scial media use, and chse healthy fds, exercising self-cntrl t avid instant gratificatin's negatives.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了即时满足感的概念、在当下的意义、过度追求即时满足感的危害以及保持生活平衡的重要性。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Instant gratificatin is the desire t experience pleasure r satisfactin withut any delay.(即时满足感是指渴望毫无延迟地体验快乐或满足)”可知，即时满足感指的是毫无延迟地体验快乐或满足的欲望。故答案为Instant gratificatin refers t the desire t experience pleasure r satisfactin withut any delay.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Under such circumstances, using instant gratificatin wisely can help us stay n track with ur lng-term bjectives by prviding shrt-term rewards alng the way.(在这种情况下，明智地利用即时满足感，通过在过程中提供短期奖励，可以帮助我们坚持长期目标)”可知，合理使用即时满足感能通过提供短期奖励帮助我们坚持长期目标。故答案为It can help us stay n track with ur lng-term bjectives by prviding shrt-term rewards alng the way.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段“The urge fr immediate satisfactin brught by cnsuming junk fd can lead t chsing lw-quality and unhealthy fds ver nutritinal ptins, resulting in negative impacts n ur bdies.(食用垃圾食品带来的即时满足感的冲动，会导致人们选择低质量、不健康的食品，而不是有营养的食品，从而对身体产生负面影响)”可知，选择低质不健康食品是因为追求即时满足感，而非不关心其负面影响。故We smetimes chse lw-quality and unhealthy fds because we dn’t care abut their negative impacts n ur bdies. 中“we dn’t care abut their negative impacts n ur bdies”错误，应改为“we want t get the immediate satisfactin/instant gratificatin.”。故答案为We smetimes chse lw-quality and unhealthy fds because we dn’t care abut their negative impacts n ur bdies.
Because we want t get the immediate satisfactin/instant gratificatin.
【43题详解】
考查开放性试题。题干意思为：你将如何避免即时满足的负面影响？结合文章中过度追求即时满足感的危害，可从设定目标、自我约束等方面回答。故答案为I’ll set clear lng-term gals, limit scial media use, and chse healthy fds, exercising self-cntrl t avid instant gratificatin’s negatives.（开放性试题，答案合理即可）。
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim来信说他参加了学校文化艺术比赛并获奖，同时询问你喜欢的文化艺术形式，请你用英语给他回信，内容包括：
1. 表示祝贺。
2. 分享你喜欢的一种文化艺术形式。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m glad t hear yu wn the award in yur schl culture and art cmpetitin. Cngratulatins! I knw yu prepared fr the cmpetitin fr a lng time. Yur effrt has paid ff. I feel prud f yu!
As fr me, Chinese traditinal calligraphy hlds a special place in my heart. It’s part f ur traditinal culture. With a brush and ink, it turns Chinese characters int beautiful artwrks. Especially in tday’s digital age, handwritten calligraphy acts as a timeless bridge, which reminds us f the irreplaceable charm f Chinese handwritten traditin.
Cngratulatins n yur success again! Lking frward t yur further explratin in the field f art.
Best wishes,
Yurs,
Li Hua