2022北京东城区高二下学期期末考试英语试卷含解析

东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期期末统一检测

高二英语

一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A mother and her four young children were asleep when a fire erupted in the home.

Ramon Pasborg was ___1___ home when he smelled smoke and saw flames (火焰) coming from a window. Pasborg decided to ___2___ the driveway, where he saw a young girl and two boys leaving the house. They told Pasborg that their mother and 4-year-old little brother were still inside — and without ___3___ he entered the house. Pasborg could not see anything inside because of heavy smokes, so he crawled (爬行) on his hands and knees on the floor several feet into the kitchen before he found the small child. He immediately ___4___ the boy around the waist, picked him up and carried him, outside.

With a temperature below zero, Pasborg quickly put all four children in is truck to keep them ___5___ before entering the burning home a second time, this time crawling through the kitchen ___6___ into the house in search of the children's missing mother. Moments later, Pasborg found the woman lying on the floor, badly burned and struggling to breathe. After dragging her outside, he noticed that she was ___7___ and no longer breathing, so he began performing lifesaving measures until she suddenly took a deep breath. Pasborg then drove the family to the end of the driveway near the highway and awaited the ___8___ of emergency first responders.

The family were touched by the ___9___ and selflessness Pasborg displayed. The hero's willingness to ___10___his own life to rescue this family was the difference between life and death for this young mother and her child.

1. A. staying B. moving C. walking D. driving

2. A. pull into B. run into C. break into D. look into

3. A. question B. hesitation C. permission D. expectation

4. A. touched B. surrounded C. grabbed D. shook

5 A. warm B. calm C. clean D. awake

6 A. lower B. closer C. higher D. deeper

7. A. discouraged B. unresponsive C. impatient D. unpleasant

8. A. entry B. return C. arrival D. guide

9. A. loyalty B. courage C. generosity D. humbleness

10. A. risk B. sustain C. adjust D. save

二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dim sum is one of the most popular Chinese dishes. It ____11____ (originate) in Guangzhou city more than a thousand years ago. People of Guangdong are fond of drinking tea in the morning or lunch. So, they often eat dim sum during their tea parties for breakfast and lunch. A Cantonese chef’s goal is ____12____ (preserve) the food’s original flavor. Unlike other Chinese styles of cooking such as Sichuan style, where the cook buries the food in a lot of spices and oil, a Cantonese chef aims to bring out or highlight the original flavor of the vegetable, meat, or fruit. So little spice or sugar is used ____13____ (general).

B

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Kate Elkins is one of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and 911 ____14____ (specialist). As an active paramedic, Elkins also responds to 911 calls and serves in an urban search and rescue team. First-hand experience has shown her ____15____ important having a well-stocked and maintained first-aid kit can be. "There are certain things you need to have at hand in the moment. In a crisis, you're not going to have time to go to the store to get ____16____ you need," Elkins points out.

C

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Studies have shown video gamers often have high levels of dopamine (多巴胺) in the brain. The prospect of ____17____(gain) rewards and prizes can cause gamers to become excited, ____18____ causes the production of unnecessary dopamine. Just as an addiction to alcohol will cause people ____19____ (consume) more alcohol, players can get addicted to gaming. Gaming can certainly be fun and ____20____ (relax) but excessive gaming can lead to adolescents with nearsightedness and have a negative effect on the social lives of children.

三、阅读理解（共三节，40分）

第一节（共9小题；每小题2分，共18分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Welcome to our full-day sightseeing tour in the Rocky Mountains, which boast some of Canada’s most spectacular scenery. During the tour, you can enjoy round-trip travel from Banff and reach remote attraction including Lake Minnewanka and Lake Louise in comfort, stop at picturesque spots including falls and lakes, and enjoy personal attention from your guide on this small-group tour-limited to 15 people.

What’s Included

Driver/tour guide

Pickup and drop-off

Bottled water

Food

Tips are not required.

Departure Time

9:00 AM  

Pickup Time

Please arrive 10 minutes before your selected start time for pickup.

Please Note

We pick up at all Town of Banff-hotels, hostels and even campgrounds! If travelling from outside Banff, please confirm pickup location with the tour operator. Please note we do not pick up in Lake Louise.

What to Expect

◊ Lake Minnewanka

This is the largest lake in the park and actually used to be home to a small summer village. Today the village lies beneath the pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka. This stop provides some interesting history of how things have changed in Banff National Park over the years.

2 hours·Ticket Free

◊ Lake Louise

First opened in 1911, the world famous Lake Louise has been bringing guests to experience the clear blue waters for many years. This stop will offer the opportunity to explore the historic hotel.

3 hours·Ticket Included

Cancellation Policy

◊ For a full refund, you must cancel at least 24 hours before the experience’s start time.

◊ Any changes made less than 24 hours before the experience’s start time will not be accepted.

◊ This experience requires good weather. If it’s canceled in advance due to poor weather, you’ll be offered a different date or get the fee you’ve paid.

◊ This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled you’ll be offered a different date or a full refund.

Read more about the tour at https://wwwviater.com/.

21. To enjoy this full day tour, you need to ______.

A. take food by yourself B. prepare tips for the guide

C. arrive at 9:00 am for pickup D. wait for pickup in Lake Louise

22. What will you experience in this tour?

A. Pay a visit to the summer village. B. Learn the history of Banff National Park.

C. Live in the historic hotel by Lake Louise. D. Swim in pure blue waters of Lake Minnewanka.

23. One can get full refund if______.

A. the tour is arranged to another day B. he/she changes the route before the tour

C. the travelers fail to reach a certain number D. he/she experiences bad weather during the trip

B

If you need an inspiring talk from a kindergartner, there's a hotline for that. This free hotline is called "Joy4all Hotline". If you call the phone number, you'll hear recordings of kids sharing words of encouragement.

The Joy4all Hotline is a school project created at an elementary school in California. It's run by an art teacher Maggie Clancy. Clancy started the hotline because she was concerned about the stressful things that her students had gone through. She aims to bring some joy back into the lives of her students, who range in age from 5 to 12.

To create the hotline, Clancy recorded her students. She instructed the kids to say something that had helped them during a difficult time. The hotline project also included the creation of posters. These posters displayed motivational phrases and were placed around town. The idea is to spread joy in the community.

When callers dial 707-968-8510, they are greeted by Clancy's daughter. The 11-year-old welcomes them with the following menu:

“If you're feeling mad, frustrated or nervous, press 1. If you need words of encouragement and life advice, press 2. If you need an inspiring talk from kindergartners, press3. If you need to hear kids laughing with delight, press 4, and for encouragement is Spanish, press 5.”

When the project first started, Clancy hoped the hotline would receive 100 calls an hour. But within two days the hotline was getting over 500 calls an hour. Now, it is people with conquering anxiety and give people hope that will be good stuff happening more in the world. The project's success proves how much the world currently needs this kind of positive messaging.

“I think people are just looking for ways to feel connected,”Clancy said. “I think this hotline does that in a very pure, sweet way.”

24. Why did Clancy start the hotline?

A. To spread joyful news reports. B. To support home schooling

C. To introduce encouraging posters D. To lift her students' spirits up

25. Through this hotline, callers can______.

A. get Clancy's life advice B. talk with Clancy's daughter

C. listen to the sound of kids' laughter D. hear the recordings of inspiring songs

26. What can we learn about Joy4all Hotline?

A. It enjoys an increasing popularity. B. It arouses people's concern for kids

C. It proves the importance of happiness. D. It changes people's opinions on hotlines.

C

Toward the end of my senior year in England, I watched my peers line up in front of the Career Services building. Waiting for their interviews for jobs, all seemed to be dressed the same — the men wearing navy jackets, the women dark dresses. I thought back to my first day on campus four years earlier when we all wore different colors and dreamed of different futures. It was as if our years of study, instead of enhancing our individualities and imaginations, had reduced them to sameness.

It was not a unique scene. All over the world, education supplies the economy with workers who will increase productivity. But this now threatens our very survival. If the entire world reaches the levels of consumption seen in high-income countries today, we’ll need multiple planet Earths to supply the resources.

The sustainable development goals call for turning education into a force for sustainability, but the opposite is often true: the ways we think about education undermine our ability to deal with the environmental crisis. As an education researcher, I see many children going through rote learning — Indian pupils repeating the sentences written by their teacher on the blackboard, a South African child yelled at by the teacher for failing to recite the text. Rote learning and discouraging individuality in children are still at the root of what it means to be educated across much of the world.

On the other hand, our focus on technological solutions to the environmental crisis is driving our approach to education. More students at British universities are studying science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) than ever before, including a 400 percent increase in enrollment in AI courses over the last 10 years. Compared to STEM, social sciences and humanities are often underfunded and seen as less important. But this approach is counterproductive because non-STEM subjects are crucial to develop our ability to reimagine the world.

We even put our hope in solving the environmental crisis on AI. We make good use of energy networks, track land use through satellite imagery and predict extreme weather. But AI, like our other technologies, can only treat the symptoms (症状) of the environmental crisis, not the causes. These lie in lack of sensitivity to our impact on the planet.

Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative. Nurturing imagination means seeing inspiration in children’s imaginations. In an education system that celebrates imagination, arts and creativity are as important as math and science. The environmental crisis is not a crisis of technology or science, it is a crisis of imagination. If we let children be our guides, we might just be able to imagine our way to survival.

27. What is mainly talked about in the first three paragraphs?

A. The new resolution of survival problems. B. The negative effect of present education.

C. The adverse impact of over consumption. D. The constant threat to economic productivity.

28. What does the underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Change. B. Resist. C. Recall. D. Weaken.

29. The author may agree that ______.

A. the application of AI needs to be limited B. emphasis should be laid on social sciences

C. creativity is dominated by children’s sciences D. technology is the cure for the environmental crisis

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

People connect to their cultural or ethnic group through similar food patterns People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods. ____30____ These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.

Regional food habits do exist, but they also change over time. ____31____ They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes to match their own tastes. Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccurate.

In addition to impacting food choices, culture also plays a role in food-related etiquette (礼节). For example, the amount people eat and leave uneaten varies from culture to culture. Some people from Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries might leave a little bit of food on their plates in order to indicate that their hunger has been satisfied. ____32____ Similarly, a clean plate might signify either satisfaction with the meal or desire for more food.

____33____ Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to communicate and to “catch up” on the lives of family and friends. Among other families, talking during a meal is acceptable, but the topics are limited. In some Southeast Asian countries, it is considered polite to keep silent during a meal.

Even among people who share similar cultural backgrounds, eating patterns are not identical. Further, men eat differently from women. ____34____ However, in most parts of the world, food is associated with expression of friendship. Therefore, sensitivity to food customs is important in cross-cultural communication.

A. People of different age groups eat differently.

B. As people immigrate; food preferences are exported.

C. Food items themselves have meaning attached to them.

D. The areas in which families live influence food likes and dislikes.

E. One of the reasons is that food itself is brought to other countries.

F. Besides, the role of conversation during mealtime varies from place to place.

G. However, cooks from other locations might be displeased if food is left on the plate.

阅读下面短文并回答问题。请将答案书写在答题卡相应位置。

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

Do you think you’re a good listener? Chances are you do. But studies show that most people seriously overestimate their ability to listen. The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as we age.

Why aren’t we good at listening? One reason concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute. This means during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks. Therefore, we can easily think about something else while someone is talking to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked. Thinking about how you will reply while someone is still talking is one of the most common barriers to effective listening.

Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span (持续时间). According to study conducted by Microsoft, in 2000—around the time the mobile revolution began—the average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds! Our mobile devices provide constant distractions, which can be very destructive to listening. Test results have shown that being interrupted by a cell phone lowers listening comprehension by 20 percent.

Interruptions and distractions can cause a dramatic decline in listening ability—but they don’t have to. More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning to observe a speaker’s body language and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.

The rewards of effective listening are many. Research suggests that people who are good listeners make better leaders. And a recent study indicates that employees who don’t believe their bosses are listening to them are less likely to offer helpful suggestions and new ideas. As Dr. Ralph Nichols once said, “The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them.”

35. According to Paragraph 2, why is it easy for us to get distracted during a conversation?

36. What has caused the decrease of our attention span?

37. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

The decline of listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented.

38. Please introduce the rewards that effective listening brings to you.

四、翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

请使用括号中所给的单词或词组的适当形式将下面的句子翻译成英文，并将答案书写在答题卡相应的位置。

39. 此活动的目的是表达友善。（convey）(汉译英)

40. 有必要下定决心去实现你的梦想。（make up one’s mind）(汉译英)

41. 不管有任何困难，我们都要完成这项任务（regardless of）(汉译英)

42. 看到有人窒息，Kathy保持冷静并迅速作出了反应。（choke）(汉译英)

43. Tom跟我说他代表学校做了一个关于全球气候变暖的演讲。（on behalf of）(汉译英)

五、书面表达（20分）

44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的美国笔友Jim明年将参加美国大学入学考试，发来邮件说感觉压力大。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1.如何缓解压力；

2.暑期生活建议。

注意：1.词数100字左右；

2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua