初中英语沪教牛津版（2024）九年级上册Unit 4 Problems and advice完整版课件ppt

这是一份初中英语沪教牛津版（2024）九年级上册Unit 4 Problems and advice完整版课件ppt，文件包含沪教牛津版六三制三起英语九上Unit4《ProblemsandAdvice》第3课时Grammar课件pptx、沪教牛津版六三制三起英语九上Unit4《ProblemsandAdvice》第3课时Grammar教案docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共55页， 欢迎下载使用。
Learning bjectives
1.语言能力：掌握句子成分:主语、谓语动词、宾语、补足语和状语。2.学习能力：能够辨别句子成分，掌握八种句子结构。3.思维品质：能够用限定词和不定代词解决实际生活中的问题能够发现语言规则，并从一个实例中得出推论，举一反三，在实际情境中灵活运用。4.文化意识：能够通过学习句子成分和基本句子结构等知识，了解英语和他国语言的特点，加强跨文化交际能力。
D yu remember the questins that teenagers talked abut in the fur help emails? What advice will Aunt Linda give each f them?
Linda’s advice1.T Anna:Yu shuld try t get Jlin t see a dctr. Yu shuld als tell her that she's nt alne—we all wrry abut ur lks Peter:Yu shuld make up yur wn mind in the same situatin next time. Yu shuldn't listen t yur Simn: Yu shuld stp paying attentin t yur friends. Yu shuld think f thebeautiful, straight teeth yu'll have in a few mnths' Julie:Yu shuld talk t yur sister mre. Yu shuld try spending sme time with her every day.
1.I smile. 2.The braces hurt my teeth. 3.The braces have brught me s much truble.4.I feel embarrassed. 5.She is driving me mad. 6.I saw a sick lady tw days ag. 7.I am studying at hme.
What are Simn's cnfusins?
1.I braces hurt my teeth. 3.The braces have brught me s much truble.4.I feel embarrassed. 5.She is driving me mad. 6.I saw a sick lady tw days ag. 7.I am studying at hme.
阅读句子，并判断每个句子分属下面哪种结构。
(S+V+IO+DO)
句子成分的含义组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,包括:主语(subject)、谓语动词(verb)、宾语(bject)、补语(cmplement)、状语(adverbial)、表语 (predicative)、宾语补足语(bject cmplement) 和同位语(appsitive)等。
Tmrrw they will climb ver a high munt.
1.明天他们将爬过一座高山。
Translate the fllwing sentence and feel what the sentence cmpnents are?
Nbdy wants t make friends with selfish peple.
2.没人愿意和自私的人交朋友。
主语是做动作的人或事物。(动作的发出者)
谓语动词用来表示动作。
Translate the fllwing sentences and feel what a subject is?
句子成分——主语主语是句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
1.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。
T read in the sun is bad fr yur eyes.
2.吃的太多对健康不利。
Eating t much is bad fr yur health.
句子成分——谓语谓语说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主题部分，由动词充当，和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
He plays tennis.
The sky is blue.
Translate the fllwing sentence and feel what a predicate is?
2.She lks after her father. 她照顾她的父亲。
谓语可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。
1.We need three bananas. 我们需要三根香蕉。
D yu knw hw many types f predicates there are?
谓语大体上可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成。如:助动词+实义动词，情态动词+实义动词，系表结构等。
They will g t the park tmrrw.
She is reading a bk.
2.他们明天将去公园。
2 Sme sentences als have an bject (O).
宾语是动作的接受者，表示承受动作的人或物。
句子成分——宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
1.她有一个美丽的花园。
He enjys playing ftball.
She has a beautiful garden.
D yu knw what an bject is?
1.有些动词后面通常跟名词或代词，这些动词称为及物动词(transitive verb)。跟在这些动词后的名词或代词称为宾语。2.后面不跟宾语的动词称为不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
注意：有的动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如:1.The driver stpped the bus. (stp为及物动词) The bus stpped. (stp为不及物动词)2.He pened the dr. (pen为及物动词) The dr pened. (pen为不及物动词)3.I brke a cup. (break为及物动词) The cup brke. (break 为不及物动词)
及物动词(transitive verb)一般在词典中缩写为vt., 不及物动词(intransitive verb)一般在词典中缩写为vi.
3 Sentences with verbs such as give, bring, buy and send can have a direct bject (DO) and an indirect bject (IO).
直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者。
间接宾语表示接受东西的人。
有些动词，如give, shw, pass, send, tell, bring,teach, lend, buy, make等，后需跟双宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。
She gave him a present.
1.她给了他一个礼物。
2.他们给婴儿取名为简。
They named the baby Jane.
双宾语——间接宾语+直接宾语
1.双宾语句子结构为：“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”。2.间接宾语通常放在直接宾语前面。eg:(1) My parents bught me (IO) a cmputer (DO).(2)The mther gave her daughter (1O) a birthday present (DO).
Things t remember
When the indirect bject cmes after the direct bject, t r fr is used.The braces have brught s much truble t me. S V DO IO
1.The man bught the wman (IO) a ring (DO) mther gave her daughter (IO) a birthday present (DO).
“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的句子可以改为“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+ t/fr +间接宾语”结构的句子。
The man bught a ring (DO) fr the wman (IO) .
The mther gave a birthday present (DO) t her daughter (IO).
改写方法：间接宾语可以改为由介词 t 或 fr 引起的短语，放在直接宾语后面。如:eg：Mike gave her (IO) sme chips (DO) . = Mike gave sme chips (DO) t her (IO).
Tip:下列动词后用t：bring，feed，give，hand，lend，ffer，pass，pay，pst，sell，send，shw，take，teach，tell，write, prmise, return。下列动词后用fr：bk，buy，chse，ck，fetch，leave，make，rder，pick，reserve，save, call, draw, find, get, sing, save, spare。
1.Give my secretary these yu make me sme cffee ?
请用介词t或fr完成句子。
Give these papers t my secretary.
Culd yu make sme cffee fr me?
3.Bk me a flight, will yu?
Can yu pst this cheque t the htel?
Bk a flight fr me, will yu?
4.Can yu pst the htel this cheque?
5.Dn't shw anyne these plans.
Leave a message fr my secretary.
6.Leave my secretary a message.
Dn't shw these plans t anyne.
7.Fetch me the file, will yu?
Fetch the file fr me, will yu?
8.Write all the managers a mem.
Write a mem t all the managers.
定语用来修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式短语作定语，则放在修饰词之后。
2.她是一名化学老师。
This is a beautiful kite.
1.这是一个漂亮的风筝。
She is a chemistry teacher.
定语用来修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式短作定语，则放在修饰词之后。
I have smething t d tmrrw.
I want t d smething special fr my sn.
1.我想为儿子做一些特别的專情。
2.明天我有事情要做。
句子成分——状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、 介词短语、不定式或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。
I get up at five in the mrning.
1.我通常走路去上学。
I ften g t schl n ft.
D yu knw what an adverbial is?
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句充当单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。
He might be running t catch bus.
2.当下雨时，我乘出租车。
When it rains I take a taxi.
1.他或许是跑着去赶公交车。
1.Prince Charles pened a new sprts centre in Stke als spke with several yung sprts centre was first planned in , the lcal cuncil culd nt finance the prject withut , they managed t get mney frm the Natinal Lttery.
阅读句子，并划出每个句子中的两个状语。
4 Sme sentences have a linking verb fllwed by a cmplement (C).
主语补足语（补充说明主语）
4 Sme sentences have an bject fllwed by a cmplement (C).
宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）
The dctr tld me t d mre exercise.
句子成分——宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。一般由名词、形容词、介词和动词不定式等充当。
1.医生告诉我多锻炼。
They cnsidered her the best candidate.
2.他们认为她是最好的候选人。
D yu knw what bject cmplement is?
句子成分——表语表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、动名词、介词短语等充当。常用的连系动词有: be, lk,becme, turn，sund, feel, smell, taste等。
Tw and three is five.
They are wrkers.
D yu knw what a predicatin is?
We three will g fr a walk after supper.
句子成分——同位语同位语是对句中某一成分做进一步说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位。一般由名词、数词、代词或从句等充当。
They each have different pinins.
2.他们各有不同的意见。
1.晚饭后我们三人将出去散步。
拓展：D yu knw what appsitive is?
This is the gd chance, I think, that yu can win.
句子成分——独立成分句子中的独立成分包括感叹词(多置于句首),称呼语(置于句首、句中或句尾)和插入语。
2.噢, 不!我绝没想到事情竟会这么糟糕。
Oh, n! I never thught it wuld be s bad.
1.我认为这是你能赢的好机会。
拓展：D yu knw what independent ingredients are?
1.主语是句子的主体2.谓语说明主语的动作或状态3.宾语是动作、行为的对象4.定语用来修饰名词或代词5.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句6.表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感觉7.宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语8.同位语是对句中某一成分做进一片说明
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和同位语等。
说出带下划线的短语在句中分别作什么成分。用S (主语)、V (动词)、O (宾语)、C (补语)或A (状语)表示。1.He enjys listening t music. ( )2.The weather is fine. ( )3.They are playing ftball n the field.( )4.It's great fun. ( )5.We saw many sheep n the farm. ( )6.We like this place. ( ) 7.Let's make the wrld mre beautiful. ( )
Grammar Sentence elements: subjects, verbs, bjects, cmplements and adverbials.
句型一:主语+谓语 (S+V)主语表示动作的执行者或状态的所属者，而谓语则描述主语的动作或状态。谓语动语为不及物动词: run, walk, dance, jump,arrive, cme, lie等。
She sings beautifully.
They watched the mvie tgether.
2.他们一起观看了这部电影。
句型二:主语+谓语+宾语 (S+V+O)谓语动语为及物动词，后面接单宾语。常见的有: like, lve, accept, admire,affrd, brrw等。
They eat pizza.
Dnald likes picnics.
Her father buys her a bike.=Her father buys a bike fr her.
句型三:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)可改为“t型” 或“fr型”的句式。后接双宾语的动词常见的有: give, prmise，bring, hand, ffer, pass等 。
爸爸给她买了一辆自行车。
1. S+V (主语+动词)2.S+V+O (主语+动词+宾语)3.S+V+IO+DO (主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)4.S+V+DO+OC (主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)5.S+V+SC (主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
从下列句型中选择种,准备三至四分钟后写出尽可能多的句子。可在班级范围内比比谁写的句子最多。
She smiled. They laughed. I cried.
She played the guitar. They watched TV. I wrte a letter.
She tld him a stry. They bught her a gift. I made her a cake.
They elected him president. We painted the huse white. She dressed herself in red.
He made her happy. They kept him waiting. Yu made me cry.
Classrm activities
句型四:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C)
1.形容词作宾语补足语
我们邀请我们所有的朋友都来。
We invite all ur friends t cme.
Music makes her happy.
2.不定式作宾语补足语
Verbs such as find, keep and make ften use the abve pattern.I try t keep the rm tidy.She makes me angry.
find, keep和make常常使用S + V + C（主语+连系动词+主语补足语），或S + V + O + C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）这两种形式。
句型五:主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+A)系动词常见的有: be, lk, seem, smell,taste, keep, becme, get, grw, turn等。
Her legs becme lnger and lnger.
She is Alice.
句型一:主语+系动词+表语句型二:主语+谓语句型三:主语+谓语+宾语句型四:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
( )1. It is ht.( )2. She lks fine.( )3. Miss Zha sang us an English sng.( )4. We must keep the rm clean and tidy.( )5. He buys a bike fr yu. ( )6. I like English.( )7. The child can read.( )8. The days get lnger and lnger.( )9. She is reading a Chinese stry.( )10. We elected him ur mnitr.( )11. She des her hmewrk after supper.( )12. Can yu lend me yur bike?
请选出下列句子的结构类型:A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+C D. S+V+IO+ DO E.S+V +O+C F.S+ V +DO+ IO G.S+V +O+A
1.将全班分成若于小组,每个小组充当句子中的一个成分,如主语、谓语、直接宾语、间接宾语、补语和状语。2.在黑板上写出若干句子,指向句中的一个成分,代表这个成分的组员就必须全体起立。3.保持上个游戏的分组, 组员根据自己充当的句子成分写出尽可能多的短语。4.随机从各小组挑选一个成员,请学生根据各自充当的句子成分，将所写的短语整合成一个意思通顺、符合逻辑的句子。
She is a gd student.
Lk at the pictures belw. Cmplete the sentences with the wrds in brackets. Add ther wrds if necessary.
visits his best friends every weekend
Alex shwed Tm sme
his flat made them wrried
Alex and Tm went ut fr an hur
returned later that afternn
felt very bad
用括号中的词完成答句。注意在适当的位置补充介词t。
1.Mike:Why is everyne laughing? (a funny stry/us)2.Alex:There's sme fish left ver. (it/the cat)3.Mark:What are yu ding with thse bttles? (them/the htel)
Vicky:Daniel tld us a funny stry/a funny stry t us.
Laura:I'll feed it t the cat.
Sarah:I'm taking them t the htel.
4.Jim:Hw are things with yu, Daniel? (a jb/me)5.David:What did yu d with thse papers yu fund? (hem/the plice)6.Emma: Lk! It's puring with rain. (my umbrella/yu)
Daniel:Fine. Smene has ffered me a jb/a jb t me.
Tm:Oh, 1 handed them t the plice.
Rachel:It's OK. I'll lend yu my umbrella/my umbrella t yu.
1.基础题：复习本节课句子成分和结构的内容，根据笔记总结的思维导图。2.提高题：完成课后相关的语法练习题。3.拓展题：两人一组，每人写出五到十句话，让对方说出这些句子的句子成分和结构。