2025年中考英语专项复习讲义专题11 非谓语动词(原卷版)

这是一份2025年中考英语专项复习讲义专题11 非谓语动词(原卷版)，共34页。试卷主要包含了动名词和分词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-1" \h \u \l "_Tc4467" ★知识点1非谓语的概念 PAGEREF _Tc4467 \h 2
\l "_Tc27915" ★知识点2 动词不定式 PAGEREF _Tc27915 \h 2
\l "_Tc7560" ★知识点3 动名词 PAGEREF _Tc7560 \h 8
\l "_Tc17717" ★知识点4 分词 PAGEREF _Tc17717 \h 10
\l "_Tc23026" ★知识点5 中考题型及例题 PAGEREF _Tc23026 \h 12
\l "_Tc4832" ★专项过关 PAGEREF _Tc4832 \h 13
★知识点1非谓语的概念
动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式(t d)、动名词(ding)和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
★知识点2 动词不定式
一、动词不定式的构成
1.动词不定式的基本形式：t+动词原形。其否定形式是“nt+t+动词原形 ”。
2.有 时 可 以 不 用t，这里的t是不定式符号，本身没有词义。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。
口诀助记：
t后原形是肯定，t 前加nt变否定;
可带宾、表、状语等，人称和数都不变;
兼有“形、名、副”性，谓语动词用原形。
二、动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。句中可以作宾语、 宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语和表语等。
1.动词不定式作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语的用法
(2)it作形式主语, 动词不定式作主语的常见句型
注意：
1.有些动词(advise, ask,shw,teach,tell等),其后可以接双宾语。
2.有些疑问词(组) (what,which,whse,hw many,hw much等),其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。
3.在“疑问词+不定式”结构前，有时也可以是形容词(sure,clear等)。
4.所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。
2.动词不定式作宾语
(1)动词不定式作宾语的用法
(2)常见的后面接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
助记口诀：
常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
需要拒绝莫忘记，(need、refuse、frget)
想要学习就努力，(want、learn、try)
希望帮助并同意，(hpe/wish、help、agree)
喜欢决定后开始。(like、decide、begin)
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法
(2)常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
4.动词不定式作状语的用法
知识拓展：
作结果状语，有的结构可以同义转换：
d sth...结构还可以转换为“ +主语+ can't/ culdn't d sth.”句型。
He was t clever t make such stupid mistakes.
→He was s clever that he culdn't make such stupid mistakes. 他太聪明了,不会犯这么愚蠢的错误。
t d sth.结构也可以转换为“+主语+can/culd d sth.”句型。
The girl is tall enugh t reach the apples n the tree.
→The girl is s tall that she can reach the apples n the tree. 这个女孩太高了，她能够到树上的苹果。
口诀助记：
不定式，用作状
“目的”、“结果”两最忙;
“形表”之后也出现，表示“原因”记心上。
5.动词不定式作定语
知识拓展：
动词不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可表示某一过去的特定动作。
6.动词不定式作表语
7. 动词不定式作独立成分
(1)动词不定式作独立成分的用法
(2)常见的作独立成分的动词不定式
三、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构
疑问代词wh、whm、what、which和疑问副词when、hw、where放在动词不定式前，构成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。
What t d is an imprtant questin.
要做什么是一个重要的问题。
I can't decide wh/whm t invite.
我决定不了邀请谁。
The questin is when t start.
问题是什么时候开始。
注意：该句型可与宾语从句互换。例如：
Can yu tell me where t buy the scarf ? = Can yu tell me where I can buy the scarf ?
你能告诉我在哪里买围巾吗?
四、动词不定式的特殊用法
五、动词不定式符号t的省略
★知识点3 动名词
1.动名词的构成
基本形式为“动词原形+-ing”;其否定形式“nt+动名词”。
2.动名词的句法功能
易错点：
不定式作主语与动名词作主语时常可互换，但不定式作主语表示具体的某一次行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身；动名词作主语所表示的动作比较抽象，时间概念不强调事情本身；有时也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。
3.后接动名词作宾语的常考动词
4.后接动名词作宾语的常考短语/句型
记忆口诀：
完成练习值得忙， (finish, practice, be wrth, be busy)
继续习惯可放弃；(keep n, be used t, give up)
考虑建议不禁想，(cnsider/suggest/can't help,feel like)
喜欢错过要介意。(enjy,miss,mind)
5. 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语的动词
★知识点4 分词
一、分词的构成与分类
1.分词的构成
分词包括现在分词(动词原形+-ing)和过去分词(动词原形+-ed);其否定形式为“nt+分词”。
2.分词的分类
分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ -ing”构成；过去分词由“动词原形+-ed”构成，其否定形式为“nt+分词”。但也有不规则的形式 。
二、分词的句法功能
易错点：
现在分词与过去分词的区别：
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
如：a mving film一场感人的电影 the mved peple被感动的人们
②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。例如：
develping cuntries 发展中国家 develped cuntries 发达国家
知识拓展:
We heard the sng sung by him.
我们听见这首歌被他唱过。
(过去分词sung作宾补，表示被动和完成)
三、形容词化的动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式
总结：
形容词化的动词的-ing形式意为“令人……的”, 多修饰事物；形容词化的动词的-ed形式含有被动意味，多用于描述人的感觉或情绪等，表示“感到……的”。
★知识点5 中考题型及例题
一、考点 1 非谓语动词的用法
考查题型1 选择类(单项选择、完形填空)
例题1 The painting is really valuable t him. He will never agree _______ it.
A. sell B. sells C. sld D. t sell
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这幅油画对他来说真的很珍贵。他永远不会同意卖掉它。agree t d sth.“同意做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
例题2——Safety cmes first!Everyne shuld stp the kids frm _______ in the lake r river.
——Life is valuable. Kids must remember _______the schl rules.
A. swim;t fllw B. swimming; fllwingC. swim; fllwing D. swimming; t fllw
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——安全第一！每个人都应该阻止孩子们去湖里或者河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。考查固定用法。孩子们必须记得遵守校规。stp sb. frm ding sth.“阻止某人做某事”，swimming in the lake r river为动名词作宾语；remember t d sth.“记得去做某事”。故选D。
例题3(2023陕西中考改编)When I first lst my hearing,I was sad that I culd never again hear my mther sing. But nw I put my ear t her chest the vibratins (震动) f her vice. Nw,I feel music instead f hearing it.
A.feel B.t feel C.hear D.t hear
【答案】B
【解析】根据下文的“Nw,I feel music instead f hearing it.”可以判断用feel; 结合语境可知，此处指“我把耳朵贴在她的胸口来感受她声音的震动”, 所以应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。
二、考查题型2 填空类(单句填空、语篇填空)
例题4 This lng-time hbby has als allwed him ___________(express) himself thrugh art.
【答案】t express
【解析】句意:这个长期的爱好也让他能够通过艺术来表达他自己。allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填t express。
例题5 (词汇应用节选)Chen Gang likes __________(爬)muntains. He has been t the Qinghai-Tibet Pateau many times ver the past nine years. Althugh he meets lts f difficulties, he never thinks f giving up.
【答案】climbing
【解析】句意:陈刚喜欢爬山。climb“爬"；like ding sth.“喜欢做某事”，侧重表达通常喜欢做的事。故填climbing。
一、考查题型1选择类(单项选择、完形填空)的解题方法：
1.判断固定搭配：
根据非谓语动词的固定搭配，结合语境、观察选项，判断出正确答案。
2.分析句子结构:
当题型考查动词不定式作目的状语，可以使用分析句子结构的方法，结合语境判断空处在句子中所作的成分，再结合语境选出正确选项。
二、考查题型2填空类(单句填空、语篇填空)的解题方法：
首先，阅读题干，观察题目是否已给出动词。题目如果已给出动词，应根据非谓语动词的用法来填出所给动词的适当形式。题目如果没有给出动词，那就要根据语境判断出应填写的动词。
★专项过关
考查题型1 选择类(单项选择、完形填空)
一、单项选择
(一)动词不定式的用法
★动词不定式作主语
1.（2025·上海松江·一模）Is it necessary fr us ________ n clthes befre buying them?
A．tryB．t tryC．tryingD．tried
2.（2025·上海徐汇·一模）It is getting mre difficult ________ tickets fr sme ppular singers’ cncerts.
A．buyB．buyingC．t buyD．bught
3.（2024·上海杨浦·二模）It's a custm fr the Chinese __________a gift fr friends when visiting them.
A. bring B. bringing C. t bring D. brught
4.（2024·山东滨州·一模）It's really imprtant _____and give lve and jy t peple arund us.
A. sharing B. shareC. t shareD.shares
5.（2024·云南昆明·三模）It's plite _____“thank yu" very ften, even t family members.
A. say B. t sayC. sayingD.said
★动词不定式作宾语
1.（2025·上海崇明·一模）When Ted was abut t pen his ffice dr, he realized he had frgtten ________ his key.
A．bringB．brughtC．t bringD．bringing
2.（2025·上海普陀·一模）With nly a few minutes left, they managed ________ the game arund.
A．turnB．turningC．t turnD．turned
3.（2024·上海黄浦·二模）Many peple failed ________ hme in time fr New Year’s Eve dinner because f the heavy snw.
A．arriveB．arrivingC．t arriveD．t arriving
4.（2024·上海宝山·二模）Michael expected ________ the basketball match s he trained hard day and night.
A．t winB．winningC．winD．wn
5.（2024·广东汕头·二模）—What did the dctr tell him t d after the peratin?
—He was advised ________ light fd fr the next few days.
A．t haveB．nt t haveC．havingD．nt having
★不定式作表语
1.（2024·福建泉州·二模）—Have yu heard f the YAU Mathematical Sciences Leaders Prgram?
—Of curse. Its aim is ______ tp math talents in China.
A．trainingB．t trainC．trained
2.（2024·福建南平·二模）—It’s imprtant t keep ahead n safety.
—Well. My advice is ________ sme basic first-aid knwledge.
A．knwsB．knewC．t knw
3.（2024·福建福州·一模）——I dn't sleep well and feel anxius these days.
——Well, my advice is_______the cause first.
A. finds B. fundC. t find
4.（2023·上海嘉定·一模）A detective's jb is _______the inncent as well as find the guilty.
A.prtect B. prtectsC. prtectedD. t prtect
5.（2022·江苏南京·二模）In rder t make an article rganized, the first step is _____a chart.
A. makeB. madeC. t makeD. t be made
★不定式作定语
1.（2025·上海嘉定·一模）If yu are a fan f trains, the Natinal Railway Museum is a great place .
A．t visitB．visitC．visitingD．t visiting
2.（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m s hungry. I need smething _______.
A．eatB．t eatC．eatingD．eaten
3.（2024·上海松江·一模）Mr Li made a prmise _________ t a bigger flat as sn as he changed the jb.
A．mveB．t mveC．mvingD．mved
4.（2024·广西梧州·一模）It is really a nice place ________ fr us.
A．t visitB．visitC．visiting
5.（2024·福建三明·二模）Live-streaming (网络直播) ffers farmers chances __________ fruit and vegetables acrss the cuntry.
A．sellB．sellingC．t sell
★动词不定式作主语补足语
1.（2023·江苏淮安·一模）The willw catkins(柳絮) are ften seen ________ in Huaian in May.
A．swimB．t swimC．swimmingD．swam
2.（2023·浙江·模拟预测）The naughty bys were made ________ their maths hmewrk the next day.
A．handing upB．hand utC．t hand inD．t handing ff
3.（2023·上海杨浦·一模）All staff are advised ________ their wn lunch bxes because the canteen was burnt.
A．bringB．bringingC．t bringD．brught
4.（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are nt allwed ________ mbile phnes int schl s that we can fcus n ur schlwrk.
A．bringB．t bringC．bringingD．brught
5.（2023·四川自贡·中考真题）—Mike, we are tld nt ________ the phne while crssing the street.
—I am srry. I wn’t d it again.
A．answeringB．t answerC．answer
★动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.（2025·上海杨浦·一模）The plice reminded the public__________ut fr pickpckets in crwded areas.
A. lk B. lkedC.t lkD.lking
2.（2025·上海宝山·一模）Reading brings me a lt f fun and enables me__________the wrld deeply.
A. understandB. t understandC.understdD. understanding
3.（2025·上海普陀一模）Our English teacher always encurages us__________questins in his class.
A. askB. askingC. t askD.asked
4.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Our schl ften advises us ________ clse t nature and enjy its beauty.
A．getB．gettingC．getsD．t get
5.（2024·上海金山·二模）Last December, China allwed Malaysian turists________ the cuntry fr 15 days withut a visa. (签证)
A．enterB．t enterC．entersD．entered
★动词不定式作目的状语
1.（2025·上海虹口一模）The Italian rganizatins have made a plan________ mre turists t the landmarks.
A.attract C.attractingB. t attractD. attracted
2.（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ mre abut rare wild animals, I spent sme time searching nline last night.
A．T learnB．LearningC．LearnedD．Learn
3．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great effrts ________ ther cuntries build high-speed railways.
A．helpB．t helpC．helpingD．helped
4.（2024·江苏南京·三模）The ORBIS dctrs did everything ________ the girl with eye prblems.
A．saveB．savedC．t saveD．saving
5.（2024·江苏连云港·三模）________ mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as his secnd curse.
A．LearningB．LearnedC．T learnD．Learn
★动词不定式作原因状语
1.Laura lst her wallet and she was afraid_______her parents abut it.
A.tellB. t tellC. tellingD.tld
2.The children were s happy t_______ sme birds' eggs in the frest.
A. inventB.discverC.inventingD.discvering
★动词不定式作结果状语
1.（2024·福建厦门·二模）Knwing that they have raised enugh mney fr the children’s hme, he was t excited ________ a wrd.
A．sayB．sayingC．t say
2.（2024·西藏日喀则一模）The little girl is ________ yung ________ g t schl.
A.t; t B. s;that C. s;t D. t; t
3.（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Yur new jb sunds ____t be true-interesting wrk, high pay, shrt hurs. Are yu sure it's nt a dream?
A.t gd B. gd enugh C. t real D.real enugh
4.（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）The charity rganizatin has made a prmise ________5 millin trees in this area by 2025.
A.plant B.t plantC. plantingD.planted
5.（22-23九年级上·湖南益阳·期末）——D yu mind actin mvies like Spider-Man when yu are t tired _________?
——N, f curse nt.
A. thinkB. t thinkC.thinking
二、动词不定式作宾语不定式主动表被动
（2024·陕西西安·三模）—Hell, Tm. Wet umbrellas are nt allwed ________ int ur classrm accrding t the rules.
—Srry, Mr. Li. I ________.
A．t be taken; wn’tB．t be taken; willC．t take; wn’tD．t take; will
(二)动名词的用法
★动名词作主语
1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）________ chres helps ________ develp children’s independence.
A．Did; tB．D; /C．Ding; tD．D; t
2.（2024·吉林松原·二模）Vlunteering ________ the wrld warmer. Even small things can make a big difference.
A．makesB．makeC．made
3.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）——What d yu like ding in yur free time?
——Reading, f curse. ________ makes a full man. I especially like the bks by Lu Xun.
A．ReadingB．ReadC．Reads
4.（2023年重庆市第二外国语学校中考一模）________ can help us learn________ abut the wrld.
A.Reading: a lt fB. Read; lts fC. Read; a ltD. Reading; a lt
5.（2023·广西柳州·二模）——Jim, d yu ften shp nline?
——Seldm. I think ________ ver the Internet isn’t always safe.
A．payingB．paysC．pay
★动名词作宾语
1.（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had n difficulty in _______ the shpping mall.
A．findB．fundC．t findD．finding
2.（2025·上海虹口·一模）Grandpa remembered ________ the key n the table, but he culdn’t find it there.
A．leaveB．t leaveC．leavingD．left
3.（2025·上海长宁·一模）I imagined ________ the prblem easily, but it turned ut t be much harder.
A．slveB．slvingC．t slveD．slved
4.（2025·上海青浦·一模）Fr a great perfrmance, the bys spent the whle day ________ their instruments.
A．practisingB．t practiseC．practisedD．practise
5.（2025·上海杨浦·一模）She stpped ________ when she realized the teacher was nt jking.
A．laughB．laughedC．t laughD．laughing
★动名词作表语
1.My biggest challenge is ________ English mre fluently.
A．t learn speaksB．learning say
C．learn t sayD．learning t speak
2．His hbbies are ________ bks and ________ t music.
A．t read, t listenB．reading, t listenC．reading, listeningD．listen, read
3．My prblem is ________ friends.
A．t have n clselyB．having n clse
C．t have n clsedD．having n clsed
4．My biggest challenge is ________ English mre fluently (流利地).
A．t learn speaksB．learning t sayC．learn t sayD．learning t speak
★动名词作定语
1.（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 t 30 minutes is widely cnsidered as the ideal ________ time.
A．sprtingB．shppingC．dressingD．eating
2.（23-24九年级上·黑龙江鹤岗·期末）His ________ English is pr, s he must imprve his ________ skills.
A．speaking; spkenB．spken; speakingC．speaking; speaking
3．My Chinese is pr all the time. Hw can I imprve my ________ skills?
A．speakB．speakingC．spken
4．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）The students and their teacher ________ eagerly lking frward t ________ Spring Festival.
A．is; cmeB．are; cmingC．are; the cming
5. Culd yu please tell me ________ imprve my ________ ability?
A．hw t; readB．hw t; readingC．what t; readingD．what t; read
（三）现在分词的用法
★现在分词作表语
1.My hbby is ________ chess. I als enjy ________ stamps.
A．play; cllectingB．t play; cllect
C．playing; t cllectD．playing; cllecting
2.It’s ften ________ here in summer. Lk! It’s raining.
A．sunnyB．rainingC．windyD．cludy
3.The bk he _______ n the table is still _______ there.
A．lay, lyingB．laid, layingC．lied, lyingD．laid, lying
4.Never lse _______ heart when _______ any difficulties.
A．/；facingB．the；facingC．a；facedD．/；faced
5.I’m nt _______. I have a fever .
A．feel wellB．feeling gdC．feeling wellD．feel gd
★现在分词作定语
1.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Are there many students ________ abut the Mid-term Star Awards after class?
—Yes, f curse.
A．talkB．t talkC．talkingD．talked
2.（2024·四川成都·一模）—Wh is the man ________?
—Oh, he is Mr. Green, an English teacher.
A．talked with MaryB．talks with MaryC．talking with Mary
3.（2024·河北·一模）There must be many peple ________ at the bus statin nw.
A．waitedB．t waitC．waitingD．wait
4.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）There are nly ten minutes ________.
A．remainedB．remainingC．remainsD．being remained
5.（2024·甘肃武威·二模）There is a car________ utside.
A．waitingB．waitC．t waitD．t waiting
★现在分词作状语
1.（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there lk mre beautiful.
A．makingB．t makeC．and makeD．and making
2.（2024·四川成都·三模）My sister wn the cmpetitin last weekend and gt high praise frm my parents, __________ an example fr me.
A．t setB．settingC．set
3.（2024·甘肃武威·二模）He hurried hme, _________behind as he went.
A．lkingB．lkedC．being lkD．was lking
4．（2023·江苏南京·三模）China launched the Shenzhu XVI manned spaceship several days ag, ________ three astrnauts t its space statin cmbinatin fr a five-mnth missin.
A．t sendB．sentC．sendingD．have sent
5.（2023·江苏南京·一模）S far, there are 13 wetland cities in China, ________ a great variety f city styles.
A．shwB．shwingC．t shwD．have shwn
★现在分词作补足语
1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）When I was walking past his rm, I hear him ________ pian.
A．playingB．t playC．t play theD．playing the
2.（2024·海南·一模）Peple gt very excited when they watched Ms. Smith ________ at the party.
A．dancedB．dancingC．t dance
3.（2023·江苏镇江·二模）—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need ________.
—Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes is enugh.
A．washingB．t washC．washedD．wash
4.（2023·上海长宁·二模）I’m srry I have kept yu ________ fr such a lng time. The traffic was terrible.
A．waitingB．waitC．waitedD．t wait
5.（2023·上海奉贤·一模）When I was walking n the street, I saw a drne(无人机) ________ ver my head.
A．fliesB．flyingC．flewD．fly
6.（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I tried t make Kate _______ her schl prject carefully but I fund it difficult.
—Well, I saw yu ________ that when I went past.
A．did; dB．d; dingC．dne; t dD．des; ding
★过去分词作状语
1．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ “the Dragn Year”, the name “Lng Year” increases ur cultural cnfidence as Chinese.
A．Cmpare withB．T cmpare withC．Cmpared withD．Cmparing with
2.（2024年江苏省宿迁市宿豫区中考一模）——What's the advantage f this new type f spacecraft?
——_______current (现有)spacecrafts, the new nes wuld travel much faster.
A.Cmpared with B. Cmparing withC. T cmpare withD. Cmpare with
3.（2023·江苏镇江·一模）________ with gasline cars, electric cars are mre energy saving, making them cheaper t perate.
A．CmparedB．T cmpareC．CmparingD．Cmpare
4.（2023·四川成都·一模）With the smke alarm ________ utside the bedrm, the Greens were wken up in time t stp the terrible fire.
A．placedB．placingC．t place
5.（2022·江苏徐州·模拟预测）My hmetwn used t be a small place ________ with ________ it is nw.
A．cmpared; hwB．cmpared; what C．cmparing; whatD．cmparing; hw
★过去分词作定语
1.（2024·江苏南京·一模）An artificial intelligence chatbt ChatGPT ________ by Open AI is ne f the fastest-grwing cnsumer apps in histry.
A．decidedB．dividedC．develpedD．discvered
2.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Be quick! There is little time ________ befre the film starts.
—OK. Let’s g nw.
A．leavingB．t leaveC．leavesD．left
3.（2024·湖南怀化·一模）Nwadays, peple can get mre infrmatin abut the gds thrugh the QR cde (二维码) ________ n the card.
A．is printedB．printedC．that printed
4．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ t many different cuntries and places each year.
A．is made; sentB．made; sentC．made; is sent
5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）The new rbt _________ last mnth can d many jbs instead f humans.
A．inventsB．inventedC．is inventedD．was invented
★过去分词作补足语
1.（24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）——Recently I can't see things clearly.Hw I regret _mbile games lng!
——I think yu shuld get yur eyes ________first.
A.playing;checked B.playing; t checkC. t play; checkedD. t play; checking
2.（2024·河北衡水·三模）—D yu have any difficulty in ________ English?
—Yes, but I try t make myself ________.
A．speaking, understdB．t speak, understdC．speaking, understandD．t speak, t understand
3.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Tmrrw is Mnday, s yu must get yur hmewrk _________ tday.
A．dneB．t dC．desD．d
4.（2023·江苏扬州·一模）The career he devted himself t ________ him ________ by peple all ver the wrld.
A．made; rememberedB．making; remember
C．making; was rememberedD．made; t remember
5.（2023·四川成都·二模）—Dad, the cmputer desn’t wrk.
—Dn’t wrry. I’ll get it ________ tmrrw.
A．t repairB．repairedC．repairing
★独立主格结构
1. On Sundays there were a lt f children playing in the park, ________ parents sitting tgether jking.
A．theirB．whseC．whichD．that
2．________ start with, I want t tell yu an imprtant thing.
A．TB．OfC．FrmD．Abut
3．________, it’s really hard t say gdbye t parents when leaving hmes.
A．T be hnestB．T being hnestC．T be hnestly
考查题型2 填空类(单句填空、语篇填空)
一、完成句子
（一）动词不定式的用法
★动词不定式作主语
1.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）你认为与同学友好相处容易吗?
D yu think yur classmates?
2.（2024·江苏常州·二模）对学生们来说不熬夜是多么有必要啊！
Hw !
3.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）关注青少年的心理健康很有必要。
It’s necessary t teenagers’ mental health.
4.（2024·江苏常州·一模）对我们来说，要对这些孩子产生巨大的影响是多么困难啊！
Hw the children!
5.（2024·上海虹口·二模）wisely, manage mney, it is, t learn, imprtant, hw t, (连词成句)
.
6.（2023·广东广州·二模）学习英语很有必要。通过学习英语，我们能更好地推广我们的文化。
learn English. We can prmte ur culture in a better way by learning English.
★动词不定式作宾语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）我们必须学会防范任何可能的危险来提升自身的信息安全。
We must learn t t imprve ur wn infrmatin security.
2.（2024·江苏常州·一模）当时警察们别无选择，只能强行闯入这座房子。
The plice at that time.
3.（2024·江苏常州·一模）电梯需要每三个月检查一次以便使它们正常工作。
Elevatrs need .
4.（2024·广东广州·二模）许多学生想知道为什么他们需要参加关于压力的讲座。
Many students may wnder attend the lecture n pressure.
5.（2024·上海嘉定·一模）Children can learn abut respnsibilities frm keeping animals as pets. （保持句意不变）
6. Children can learn t frm keeping animals as pets.
★动词不定式作表语
1.（2024·江苏常州·一模）本次活动的目的是教会学生在日常生活中如何节能。
The purpse f the activity .
2.（23-24九年级上·甘肃陇南·期末）我的职责就是照看动物园里的这些动物。
My duty is t the animals in the z.
3.（2022·江苏常州·二模）这个活动的目的是帮助更多的消费者了解这个产品的质量。
The purpse f the activity .
4.（2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测）成功的第一步是了解你的目标并追逐它们。
The first step f success is t knw yur gals and them.
5.我的愿望就是轻而易举地赢得比赛。
My wish is the match .
★动词不定式作定语
1.（2025·上海长宁·一模）Yu shuld chse James if yu need a gd secretary.（保持句意基本不变）
If yu need a gd secretary, James is the right persn .
2.（2024·上海奉贤·二模）has made, Susan, further, in Canada, her studies, t, a decisin (连词成句)
.
3.（2024·河北承德·二模）is, it, t, t, g, time, sleep
.
4.（2024·河北邢台·三模）places, are, s many, f, t, there, g, interest
.
5.（2023·重庆·中考真题）加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。（完成译句）
Jining a club is a gd way t .
★动词不定式作主语补足语
1.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）最新规定，学生和老师不再要求在校戴口罩。
Accrding t the latest regulatins, students and teachers masks at schl.
2.（23-24九年级上·山东菏泽·期末）应该允许16岁的孩子穿耳洞吗？
Shuld sixteen year lds be t their ears pierced?
3.（22-23九年级上·河北张家口·期末）heard, he, sing, in, was, the,rm, t
.
4.（22-23九年级上·陕西宝鸡·期末）实验室里任何人都不允许制造噪音。
Nbdy is allwed in the labratry.
5.（22-23九年级上·山东枣庄·期末）青少年不应该被允许和老师顶嘴。
Teenagers are nt allwed t t their teachers.
★动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。
The teacher ften each ther.
2.（2024·江苏常州·二模）妈妈常告诉我，既不要炫耀也不要失去自信。
Mum ften tells me .
3.（2024·广东广州·二模）学校教会我们如何为面对真实世界做好准备，成为更好的自己。
The schl teaches us fr the real wrld and helps us becme better selves.
4.（2024·广东广州·二模）兴趣与欢笑能帮助学生远离苦恼。
Hbbies and laughter can help the students wrries.
5.（2024·上海崇明·二模）enables, t knw mre, the Internet, abut the wrld, peple (连词成句)
.
6.（2024·广东广州·一模）幸运的是，她的寄宿家庭设法帮助她适应了这里的生活。
Luckily, her hst family managed t help her here.
★动词不定式作目的状语
1.（2024·江苏常州·二模）当时人们别无选择，只能依靠大自然来生存。
Peple at that time.
2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）作为上司，要与他人融洽相处，理应懂得尊重。
, the bss is suppsed t shw respect.
3.（2024·上海青浦·二模）used t, Tm’s family, his grwth, t recrd, take pictures (连词成句)
.
4.（2023·广东广州·二模）为了鼓励同学们学习英语，学校准备举办英语周。
students t learn English, the schl plans t hld an English Week.
5.（2024·天津武清·三模）为了很快进入比赛状态，我们都提早到达场地去热身。
In rder t get int the game quickly, we all arrived at the field early t .
★动词不定式作原因状语
1.（2024·安徽·二模）The mnitr was happy t g________(带领)us acrss the playgrund t the dining hall.
2.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Hw prud the parents were________(hear) their sn had wn the first prize!
3.（23-24九年级上·江苏南通·期中）He saved his neighbr frm a fire. He was brave. (合并为一句)
He his neighbr frm a fire.
4.（23-24九年级上·河北保定·期末）t slip and fall, nt, but, be careful
.
5．老师非常高兴地宣读这次摄影比赛的获胜者。
The teacher is mre than happy t the winners f the pht cmpetitin.
★动词不定式作结果状语
1.（2024·重庆九龙坡·二模）他太年轻了，不能自己开车。(完成译句)
He is yung drive by himself.
2.（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）活到老，学到老。
It is never ld learn.
3.（2023·江苏常州·一模）这个工程师足够聪明，能清晰地表达自己。
The engineer is .
4.（2023·江苏淮安·二模）票价很低了，因为我太忙于家务而不能买票，请你给我买两张吧。
The is very lw. Please buy me tw because I am with husewrk t d that.
5.（2023·上海嘉定·二模）Jdie is s independent. She makes decisins n her wn. (合并为一句)
Jdie is independent make decisins n her wn.
6.（2023·广东广州·二模）去年，他太紧张了，没进入半决赛。
Last year, he enter the semi-final.
（二）动名词的用法
★动名词作主语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）和同龄孩子融洽相处让我们的校园生活丰富多彩。
makes ur schl life clurful.
2.（2024·江苏常州·一模）复习所学过的知识使我们总是在学习上处于领先地位。
Ging in ur study.
3.（2024·江苏无锡·三模）与人友好相处使你更容易融入新的集体。
fr yu t fit int a new grup.
4.（2024·天津和平·二模）说话的时候，用手指着别人是不礼貌的。
thers while talking is nt plite.
5.（2024·贵州贵阳·二模）网上交友对中学生来说是不安全的。
n the Internet is nt safe fr middle schl students.
★动名词作宾语
1.（2024·上海奉贤·一模）spend, the beauty f Sichuan, a week, discvering, Mary, decided t （连词成句）
.
2.（2024·广东广州·二模）她期待来中国体验文化习俗。
She Chinese culture and custms.
3.（2024·广东广州·二模）我一直坚持看更多的电影，渐渐地我取得了进步。
I mre mvies and gradually .
4.（2024·江苏常州·二模）我们要学会照顾自己，而不是一直依赖父母。
We shuld learn t lk after urselves all the time.
5.（2024·河北石家庄·二模）music, listening t, like, I
.
★动名词作表语
1.（2023·贵州黔南·一模）我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上表现得体。
My biggest challenge hw t behave at the dinner table.
2.（2022·湖北随州·一模）我最大的挑战是学习餐桌礼仪。
My challenge is hw t behave at the dinner table.
3.从她身上我体会到打败困难的唯一方式是不断努力而不是抱怨。
Frm her I learned the nly way t instead f cmplaining.
4.我的爱好是收集硬币。
My hbby the cins.
★动名词作定语
1.悉尼歌剧院像一艘巨大的帆船。
The Sydney Opera Huse is like a huge .
2.the fish, f, frightens, banging the water, underwater, the nise (连词成句)
.
★现在分词作表语
这个消息令人兴奋,我们整个晚上都非常兴奋。
The news was______ and we were ______ the whle night.
★现在分词作定语
1.（23-24九年级上·甘肃武威·期末）There are sme children wh are having fun. (改为同义句)
There are sme children .
2.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句）
Lk! There smene fr yu at the schl gate.
3.一个路过的人问我邮局怎么走。
Smebdy asked me the pst ffice.
4.你想询问照片里那个弹吉他的男孩是谁。
Wh’s ?
5.我的妻子认为那可能是一只动物，但我和我的朋友们认为那一定是一些青少年在玩耍。
My wife thinks that it an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers .
★现在分词作状语
1.（2024·山东烟台·二模）回顾2020年的春天，许多难忘的记忆将永远留在我们心中。
t the spring f 2020, quite a lt f unfrgettable memries will live in ur heart.
2.我们通常只在城镇中心四处走动，尽可能多见一些朋友!
We ften just walk arund the twn center, many f ur friends ！
3.（2023·新疆·中考真题）使用公筷夹菜是一种良好的餐桌礼仪。
It is gd manners t pick up fd serving chpsticks.
4.虽然有些人坚持只看一种类型的电影，而我喜欢根据那天的心情看不同类型的电影。
While sme peple nly ne kind f mvie, I like t watch different kinds I feel that day.
5.（2022·陕西宝鸡·模拟预测）作为一名学生，我会做我能做的任何事情来保护环境。
，I will d whatever I can t prtect the envirnment.
6.我们一直向对方扔雪球，叫着，笑着。
We kept , .
★现在分词作补足语
1.（2023·江苏淮安·三模）成千上万的物资每天被捐往灾区，以防止物资耗尽。
Thusands f gds t the disaster area t prevent gds every day.
2.（2023·四川达州·二模）快点儿！不要让妈妈一直在外面等我们。（完成译句）
Hurry up! Dn’t keep mum us utside.
3.（2023·重庆渝中·模拟预测）当我走出厨房的时候，听见有人敲门。
When I gt ut f the kitchen, I heard smene the dr.
4.（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）今天早上当我醒来看向窗外时，我看见太阳正在天空中闪闪发光。（完成译句）
When I and lked ut f the windw this mrning, I saw the sun in the sky.
5.让别人等太久是不礼貌的。
It is t keep thers fr a lng time.
★过去分词作状语
1.（23-24九年级上·天津红桥·期末）和去年相比，今年我们取得了更大的成就。
last year, we have had mre success this year.
2.（2023·江苏常州·一模）与过去相比，房价上涨很快。
the past, the prices f huses .
3.（2023·江苏常州·一模）与传统书店相比，书吧为我们打开了一个全新的世界。
, bk bars .
4.（2022·甘肃酒泉·模拟预测）和诗歌相比较，故事通常有较长的段落。
pems, stries usually have lnger passages.
5.（2023·甘肃庆阳·一模）和你的旧房子相比你的新房子怎么样？
yur ld huse, hw is yur new ne?
★过去分词作定语
1.（2023·江苏常州·一模）张艺谋导演的电影《满江红》受到了观众的高度赞扬。
The film All Red by Zhang Yimu the audience.
2.（2023·江苏常州·一模）张艺谋执导的《满江红》值得一看吗？
the film All Red by Zhang Yimu ?
3.（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）妮妮房间的墙上贴了很多奖状。
There are many certificates f award n the wall f Nini’s rm.
4.（2024·山东枣庄·二模）The mvie Yl Chinese media cmpanies received success.
由中国传媒公司制作的电影《热辣滚烫》获得了成功。
5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Mary has a brther. His name is Jimmy. (合并为一句话)
Mary has a brther .
★过去分词作补足语
1.（2024·甘肃武威·一模）I will ask smebdy t repair my bike. (改为同义句)
I will get my bike .
2.（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）别担心明天的缺席。我会找人把讲座录制下来的。
Dn’t wrry abut ur absence tmrrw. I will .
3.Yu need t ask smebdy t check yur cmputer. （同义句转换）
Yu need t yur cmputer .
4.小男孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。
The little bys were playing with snw their hands red.
5.（22-23九年级上·重庆北碚·期末）工人们承诺了年底前会将房子修建完毕。(完成译句)
The wrkers prmised t the huse by the end f the year.
★过去分词作表语
1.（2022·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）我们应该邀请全体同学，这样任何人都不会感到被孤立。（leave）
We are suppsed t invite the whle class, s n ne will feel .
2.（2022·辽宁抚顺·二模）他没有被邀请参加尼克的聚会，他感到被冷落了。
He wasn’t invited t Nick’s party and felt .
3.当自己的孩子出生时，那些新爸爸们往往有被冷落的感觉。
New fathers ften feel when their baby arrives.
★非谓语动词独立主格结构
1.说实话，我不喜欢这部电影。
, I dn’t like this film.
2.说实在的，我已经好久没吃披萨了。
, I haven’t eaten pizza fr .
二、单词拼写
★动词不定式作主语
1.（2025·上海虹口·一模）It was impssible fr the Greeks t withut the help f the trick. (success)
2.（2024江苏无锡·二模）It's really wise f yu (jin) the club. Yu have s many friends nw.
3.（2024·江苏盐城·二模）It was necessary fr these vlunteers (receive) training befre ding their tasks.
4.（2024·江苏无锡· 一模）What a pity it was (see) Xia Ni fail the magic during the2024 Spring Festival Gala!
5.（2024·安徽合肥·二模）Everyne makes mistakes. but it's imprtant t c (改正) them in time.
★动词不定式作宾语
1.（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Fangfang’s mther is busy ding her business, s she isn’t able t (留出，匀出) time fr her daughter.
2..（2024·浙江杭州·三模）My car brke dwn n the highway, s I need t r it as sn as pssible.
3.（2024·江苏南京·三模）As ne f the mst famus businessmen, he manages (run) ver 100 cmpanies.
4.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The rganizatin tried t c the charity walk because f the bad weather.
5.（2024·安徽淮北·三模）Betty likes t r (放松) herself by listening t music when she feels stressed.
★动词不定式作表语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Yu will have t wrk hard if yu are t (success).
2.（2023·上海崇明·二模）My uncle is a dctr and his jb is t peple’s lives. (save)
3.（2022·江苏无锡·二模）What yu can d nw is t think twice and (选择) a better way t g.
★动词不定式作定语
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）He ften walks in nature because he thinks it is a gd way t (rest after wrk).
2.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Our head teacher is always the first (cme) t the classrm in the mrning.
3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Exercise and scial supprt are gd ways (cntrl) stress.
4.（2024·上海闵行·二模）Reading, as well as traveling, is ne f the best ways t ur mind. (rich)
5.（2024·山东济宁·中考真题）It is said that Shen Nng was the first t (发现) tea as a drink.
★动词不定式作主语补足语
1.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）The students are allwed t b (借) three bks frm the library at a time.
2.（23-24九年级上·四川达州·期末）In ld days, the pr were made (wrk) fr the bss fr ver 18 hurs a day.
3.（23-24九年级上·四川成都·期末）Nwadays, students are required nt nly t knw the answer, but als t be able t e the reasn behind it.
4.（23-24九年级上·云南昆明·期末）Students aren’t allwed t ne anther in the hallways. (追逐)
★动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Online museums allw peple (learn) abut wrld histry at hme.
2.（2024·云南德宏·一模）Last Sunday, my father drve us t help farmers . (采茶)
★动词不定式作目的状语
1.（2025·上海青浦·一模）Jack prvided sme mre evidence in rder t his pint. (prf)
2.（2025·上海长宁·一模）T fr leaving s early tday, I have brught yu a little present.（aplgy）
3.（2025·上海徐汇·一模）T his pint, Paul presented detailed evidence in his presentatin. (prf)
4.（2024·江苏南京·二模） (hld) the 9th Asian Winter Games in February 2025 successfully, peple in Harbin are busy preparing fr them.
5.（2024·上海浦东新·一模）Many cuntries are wrking tgether t the prblem f the war between Russia and Ukraine. (slutin)
★动词不定式作原因状语
1.（2024·安徽·二模）The mnitr was happy t g (带领) us acrss the playgrund t the dining hall.
2.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Hw prud the parents were (hear) their sn had wn the first prize!
3.（2023·上海嘉定·一模）In ur STEM class, we are delighted t ur wn experiment. (designer)
4.（2023·四川内江·一模）—I’m srry t d yu, Kate. I can’t g t yur birthday this weekend.
—Oh, what a pity!
5．（23-24九年级上·浙江杭州·期末）I’m happy t r such a great gift. Thank yu fr sending it t me.
★动词不定式作结果状语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Astrnauts shuld be careful enugh (carry) ut researches in space.
2.（2024·安徽宿州·二模）I’m srry that I’m t busy t c (比较) the tw reprts befre the meeting.
3.（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）My Maths teacher is always patient enugh t (解释) things t us.
4.（2024·四川自贡·一模）Liu Hua's family is t pr t a t send him t schl.
5.（2024·甘肃酒泉·二模）The by is ld enugh (dress) himself.
★动名词作主语
1.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）D a hle is the first step t plant trees.
2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (share) helps us create meaningful cnnectins with thers.
3.（2024·四川成都·一模）M time wisely can help us have a much better cntrl f ur life.
4.（2024·四川成都·二模）S hmewrk time frm free time is imprtant fr students t keep a healthy study-life balance.
5.（2023·江苏无锡·一模） (receive) husewrk educatin helps students take care f themselves in daily life.
★动名词作宾语
1.（2024·浙江一模）Tny's sister enjys _________(听) t music and she ften ges t cncerts.
2.（2024·浙江台州·二模）These sngs are nt Jack's favrite, s he has great difficulty c_________ne sng fr the schl shw.
3.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）What great cntributins he has made t his hmetwn! (develp)
4.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）The wrld-famus engineer is busy (设计) a new type f ec-friendly bicycle.
5.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）T get the schlarship, he spends mre time than he used t p 1aying basketball.(练习)
★动名词作表语
1.（2024年甘肃省定西市中考二模）Seeing is __________(believe).
2.His hbby is stamps. (cllect)
3.My hbby is (cllect) cins frm different cuntries.
4．（24-25九年级上·全国·单元测试）Giving is . We shuld be kind t thers and help thers in ur life. (receive)
5.My uncle wrks in a factry, and his wrk is p newspapers.
★动名词作定语
1.（2024·云南大理·一模）Children shuld be taught gd habits frm an early age. (eat)
2.（23-24九年级上·浙江杭州·期末）—Hw d yu imprve yur w skills, Jim?
—By keeping a diary in English.
3.（2022·江苏南京·二模） Every Mnday mrning, we watch the _______(raise) f the natinal flag n the playgrund at schl.
（三）现在分词的用法
★现在分词作表语
（2022·江苏苏州·一模）The yung cuple were (考虑) chsing a lager huse because f the new baby.
★现在分词作定语
1．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Metr Line S1 (cnnect) Wuxi t Jiangyin has been in use since January 31, 2024.
2.（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The high-speed railway (连接) Siyang t many cities has been in use fr years.
3.There is a wallet (躺) n the grund. Is it yurs, Andy?
【答案】lying
4.（2023·湖南常德·一模）—Lk! There’s a man (perfrm) Taiji near the river.
—Ww! It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu.
5.（2022·广西河池·三模）Lk, there is a wallet (lie) n the grund. Please pick it up.
★现在分词作状语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (cntrl) her vice, Ju-chia said, “wuld yu mind nt talking s much?”
2.（2024·江苏南京·三模）Imagine hw prud and helpful yu can be while (intrduce) traditinal Chinese culture t yur freign friends in English!
3.（2024·江苏扬州·三模）When I was yung, I’d listen t the radi, fr my favurite sngs. (wait)
4.（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Earthquake last mnth in Turkey was a real disaster, thusands f peple hmeless. (leave)
5．（2024·江苏无锡·一模） (cntrl) her vice, Ju-chia said, “wuld yu mind nt talking s much?”
★现在分词作补足语
1.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）When Millie wke up, she fund herself (lie) n the grass in the Central Park.
2.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）The dg was last seen (lie) under a bench in the park at arund 11 a.m. yesterday.
3.（2024·四川遂宁·二模）Whenever we see ur flag r , we shuld stand straight.
4.（2024·云南红河·二模）When I walked int my rm, I fund my cusin my things withut permissin. （浏览）
5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Sme children were running after the dg and they didn’t see a car (cme).
（四）过去分词的用法
★过去分词作状语
1.（2024·江苏南京·一模） (cmpare) t many ther cities in China, Nanjing is mre attractive t turists frm hme and abrad.
2.（2024·江苏南通·二模） (decide in what way things are similar r different) with their jurney, life we live nw is much mre cmfrtable. We shuld cherish it.
3．（2024·江苏扬州·二模） with traditinal cars, electric cars are mre envirnment-friendly. (cmpare)
4．（2024·四川成都·二模）B n the Chinese science fictin nvel called Three Bdy, the TV series tells us the stry f human’s changes in the future.
5.（2024·四川成都·三模）B n Chinese science fictin Three Bdy, the TV series tells us the stry f human’s changes in the future.
★过去分词作定语
1.（2024·江苏苏州·二模）This spring, the mst eye-catching mvie might be YOLO, (执导) by 41-year-ld Jia Ling.
2.（2024·江苏苏州·一模）The time (需要) t finish the task depends n hw hard it is and hw fast yu wrk.
3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）The badly (pllute) river lks dark and smelly. Smething must be dne!
4.（2023·江苏镇江·一模）—Have yu heard the news?
—Yes. The schl bradcasting statin annunced that ur schl had put the mney (募集) by them t gd use t buy new instruments fr kids.
★过去分词作补足语
1.（2024·四川成都·三模）The bike is brken s badly that I dn’t advise yu t get it r . It’s better t buy a new ne.
2.（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Yur car makes unusual nise. Yu’d better have it (check) at nce.
3.（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Unlucky fr me, I frgt t lck my bike and had it (steal) .
4.（2024·山东日照·二模）Tm fund it difficult t make himself (理解).
5.（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Hw can yu get yur ears (pierce)?
★过去分词作表语
1.（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Linel Messi is best (knw) fr winning the Wrld Cup 2022 with his team.
2.（2022·四川内江·一模）Alice wn’t feel l ut if yu ask her t jin yu each time.
（二）语篇填空
1.(2023甘肃中考)Yu're expected (shake)hands when meeting peple fr the first time in China.
2.(2023江苏苏州中考节选)The memry f the white walls stayed with me.I kept (imagine)hw many shadws(影) culd be cllected by them t dance with the light.

用法
例句
动词不定式作主语通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词 用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。
T learn English well is nt easy.
学好英语不容易。
It’s imprtant t have gd habits.
养成好习惯很重要的。
句型
例句
It is/was+adj.+fr/f sb.+t d sth.
做某事对某人来说是……/某人做某事是……的。
It was hard fr him t learn English well.
=T learn English well was hard fr him.
对他来说学好英语太难了。
It is/was+adj.+t d sth.
做某事是……的。
It's nt easy t pass the exam.
(=T pass the exam is nt easy.) 通过考试不容易。
It is/was+n .+t d sth.
做某事是……
It is my pleasure t help yu.
帮助你是我的荣幸。
it takes/tk sb.+时间+t d sth.
某人花多长时间做某事
It tk me three hurs t repair the TV set.
我用了三个小时修理这台电视机。
用法
例句
动词不定式作及物动词的宾语。动词不定式作宾语且有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语
(动词不定式)后置。
I frgt t bring the key t my huse.
我忘记带家里的钥匙了。
动词不定式作介词的宾语，不定式一般不直接作介词的宾语，而是需要与疑问词构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
They are talking abut hw t slve the prblem.
他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。
refuse
拒绝
decide
决定
wuld like
想要
like
喜欢
want
想要
plan
计划
ffer
提供
wish
希望
pretend
假装
hpe
希望
frget
忘记
learn
学习
agree
同意
need
需要
expect
期望
prmise
承诺
affrd
承担得起
manage
完成
try
努力
help
帮助
start
开始
begin
开始
prepare
准备
chse
选择
用法
例句
多数及物动词后接带t的不定式作宾语补足语(动词+宾语+动词不定式)。
My mther asks me t eat fruit every day.
我妈妈让我每天都吃水果。
allw允许
rder命令
teach教
warn警告
ask要求
decide决定
tell告诉
encurage鼓励
invite邀请
want想要
advise建议
expect期望
wish希望
frce强迫
wuld like想要
用法
例句
作目的状语(表示某一动作或状态的目的)。既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。表示“为了……，以便……”。
Tm trained hard t imprve his basketball skills.
=T imprve his basketball skills, Tm trained hard.
汤姆刻苦训练以便提高自己的篮球技能。
作结果状语，常用的结构有 t d sth.(如此
……以至于做某事)、enugh t d sth.(足够……能够做某事)、 d sth.(太……而不能做某事)、nly t d(不料，竟然)。
He isn't strng enugh t lift the bx.
他不够强壮，提不起这个箱子。
作原因状语，通常用于srry,surprised,glad等表示情感的形容词后，常用的结构有be glad/sad /happy/srry /pleased /surprised/ disappinted/delighted/shcked t d sth.。
I'm glad t see yu.
见到你很高兴。
用法
示例
动词不定式作定语时(一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后), 相当于定语从句。常见的能跟动词不定式作定语的名词有ability、attempt、chance、decisin、effrt、need、plan、time等 。
It was a difficult decisin t make.
这是个很难作出的决定。
如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。
I want sme paper t write n .
我想要一些写字的纸。
当动词不定式所修饰的名词是time、place或way时，动词不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。
The library is a gd place t study.
图书馆是一个学习的好地方。
(动宾关系：live不及物加介词in)
动词不定式常放在smething、anything、nthing等复合不定代词的后面，作后置定语。如果复合不定代词还有形容词修饰，顺序是“smething/anything/nthing...+形容词+动词不定式”。
D yu have anything imprtant t say?
你有什么重要的话要说吗？
用法
例句
动词不定式可跟在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。
Her ambitin was t be a teacher.
她的志向是当一名老师。
动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。
My dream is t be a famus pianist.
=T be a famus pianist is my dream.
我的梦想是成为一名著名的钢琴家。
用法
例句
动词不定式还可用作独立成分，用于表示说话人的观点或态度。常用的动词不定式短语有:t be hnest老实说；t begin/start with首先；t tell (yu) the truth说实话。
T be hnest,we dn;t like him very much.
老实说，我们不太喜欢他。
t be hnest
老实说
t tell yu the truth
说实话
t begin/start with
首先
t be frank
坦白说
t speak frankly
坦诚地说
t cnclude
最后；总而言之
用法
例句
太……而不能……
The girl is t yung t lk after herself.
那个女孩太小而不能照顾他自己。
Why dn't yu +动词原形?=Why nt +不带t的不定式? 为什么不……呢?
Why dn't yu get her a pht album?
= Why nt get her a pht album?
为什么不给她买个相册呢?
t... 足够……可以……
Tm is ld enugh t g t schl.
汤姆足够大了,可以去上学了。
had better ( nt)+不带t的不定式
最好(不要)做某事
Yu'd better d yur hmewrk carefully tday.
你今天最好认真做作业。
Will yu please+不带t的不定式?
请……好吗?
Will yu please clse the dr?
请把门关上好吗?
prefer t d sth. rather than d sth.
宁愿做某事也不做某事
I prefer t stay at hme rather than g shpping.
我宁愿待在家里也不去购物。
用法
例句
在感官动词(see, feel, hear, watch, ntice等)及使役动词(have, make)作宾语补足语时，后接不带t的动词不定式，但被动语态中，需要还原t。
I see him read in the library. (主动语态)
He is seen t read in the library.
我看见他在图书馆看书。(被动语态)
why (nt)...后省略t的情况。
Why nt ask the teacher?
为什么不问问老师?
在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的动词不定式可以省略t。
I helped him (t) repair his bike.
我帮他修自行车。
but、except之前有实义动词d的某种形式时，其后通常省略动词不定式符号 t,否则要带t。
I had n chice but t wait.
除了等，我没有别的选择。
He culd d nthing but study hard.
他除了好好学习以外别无他法。
在并列结构中，为了避免重复，可省略后一个动词不定式符号t。但两个动词不定式有对照或对比的意义时，后一个t 不能省略。
I came nt t scld but t praise yu.
我来不是责骂你，而是赞扬你。
She tld the child t stay there and wait till she came back.
她叫孩子待在那里，等她回来。
主语部分含有实义动词d时，作表语的动词不定式可省略t。
The nly thing t d nw is (t) g n. 前进是现在唯一的出路。
What I'll d is (t) tell her the truth.我要做的就是告诉她真相。
成分
用法
例句
作主语
动名词作主语一般表示习惯性、经常性的动作，有时也用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。
Smking is bad fr yur health.
吸烟对你的健康有害。
宾语
动名词既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
I like listening t English sngs.
我喜欢听英文歌。(动词宾语)
Stamps are used fr sending letters.
邮票是用来寄信的。
动名词作宾语时，若后接宾语补足语，常用形式宾语it。
Lily felt it n use arguing with him abut the matter.
莉莉觉得和他争论这件事没有用。
作表语
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
His hbby is planting flwers.
=Planting flwers is his hbby.他的业余爱好是种花。
作定语
说明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于被修饰词之前。
I plan t watch English TV prgrams every weekend in rder t imprve my listening skills. 为了提高我的听力技能，我计划每个周末看英语电视节目。
avid避免
cnsider考虑
mind介意
finish完成
imagine想象
suggest建议
enjy喜欢
keep坚持
practice练习
be busy ding sth.忙于做某事
give up ding sth.放弃做某事
be gd at ding sth.擅长做某事
lk frward t ding sth.期待做某事
thank yu fr ding sth.感谢你做某事
be wrth ding sth.值得做某事
avid ding sth.避免做某事
finish ding sth.完成做某事
be interested in ding sth.你对做某事很感兴趣
suggest ding sth.建议做某事
be/get used t ding sth.习惯于做某事
feel like ding sth.想要做某事
have+(n)prblem/difficulty/truble (in)ding sth.做某事(没)有困难
can't/culdn't help ding sth.情不自禁做某事
stp ding sth.停止做某事
stp t d sth.停下来去做另一件事
regret ding sth.后悔做了某事
regret t d sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾
frget ding sth.忘记做过某事
frget t d sth.忘记去做某事
mean ding sth.意味着做某事
mean t d sth.打算做某事
sth.need ding 某事需要被做
need t d sth.需要去做某事
try ding sth.尝试做某事
try t d sth.尽力做某事
cntinue ding sth.继续做同一件事
cntinue t d sth.继续做另一件事
remember ding sth.记得做过某事
remember remember t d sth.记得去做某事
成分
用法
例句
作定语
现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。
D yu knw the girl standing under the tree?
你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?
He bught a car made in China.
他买了一辆中国制造的汽车。
作表语
现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
The film is very mving.
这部电影很感人。
作状语
分词作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。
The students went ut f the classrm,talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
作宾语补足语
现在分词可以在see,hear,ntice, watch, feel, lk at,listen t,bserve, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词(短语)后面，作宾语补足语，表示与被补足的宾语或主语之间是主动关系。
Brwn sat up when he heard smene kncking n his dr.
布朗听到有人敲他的门就坐了起来。
过去分词作补语，与被补充说明的宾语或主语之间是被动关系。
Dn't keep us waiting fr a lng time.
不要让我们等得太久。
动词的-ing形式
动词的-ed形式
mving令人感动的
mved感动的
encuraging鼓舞人心的
encuraged受鼓舞的
puzzling 令人迷惑的
puzzled 迷惑的
pleasing令人高兴/满意的
pleased高兴的，满意的
satisfying令人满意的
satisfied满意的
tiring令人困倦的
tired疲劳的
exciting令人兴奋的
excited兴奋的
disappinting 令人失望的
disappinted 失望的
satisfying 令人满意的
surprised 吃惊的