2024届中考英语语法复习专题10非谓语动词考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版）

这是一份2024届中考英语语法复习专题10非谓语动词考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版），共15页。试卷主要包含了动词不定式，动名词，分词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式为：“t+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用t，这里的t为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
（1）动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+fr/f sb)+t d sth..
T learn English well is nt easy.=It is nt easy t learn English well. 学好英语不容易。
▲fr sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, imprtant, impssible, necessary 等。
1.It’s easy (fr me) that. 我做这事太容易了。
2.It’s difficult fr Jim Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。
3.It’s imprtant fr us the envirnment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。
▲f sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, gd, flish, hnest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thughtful, thughtless, brave, cnsiderate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。
1.It’s very kind him t help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
2.It’s very nice yu t help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。
① It+be+名词+t d sth.
② It takes sb+sme time+t d sth.
③ It seems(appears)+形容词+t d.
④ It+动词+宾语+ t d sth.
1.It’s ur duty gd care f the ld.
2.It tk me half an hur there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
3.It seemed impssible mney. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。
4.It cst a lt f mney this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。
【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。
1. after dinner is my hbby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。
a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。
3. is t believe. 百闻不如一见。
4.T sweep the flr my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。
（2）动词不定式作宾语
① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, chse, agree, expect, hpe, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, knw, wish, want, wuld like, lve, affrd, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, prmise, refuse, seem等。
1.He can’t affrd abrad. 他负担不起出国的费用。
2.We hpe there befre dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
3.They didn’t agree that. 他们不同意那样做。
4.The girl decided it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。
1.He fund it very difficult t sleep. 他发现很难入睡。
2.I find it useful English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。
3.We thught it wrng her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。
（3）动词不定式作补语
动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是t be dne，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。
英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allw, permit, advise, expect, suppse, invite, encurage, teach, tell, want, wait fr, wish, wuld like/lve等。
1.I’d invite her dinner at my huse.
2.Email English is suppsed used n mbile phnes.
3.Teenagers shuld be allwed their wn clthes.
英语中有些动词要求不带t的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：lk at, bserve, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen t；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：ntice等。help后不定式的t可以省略，也可以保留。
1.Can yu help me learn English?
2.They were made wrk day and night.
3.She was heard sing in the rm.
4.This picture makes me feel tense!
5.Of curse we want see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.
（4）动词不定式作状语
① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in rder或s as
1.He went t Paris learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。
2.I cme here nly say gd-bye t yu. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
3.A grup f yung peple gt tgether (in rder/s as) discuss this questin. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。
②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+t d sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, srry, slw等。
I’m very glad see yu again. 我很高兴又见到你。
③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“t+形容词+t d sth.”结构句中。
The T-shirt is t big fr me wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。
④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enugh+t d sth.”结构句中。
1.The by is ld enugh g t schl.
2.Jack ran fast enugh catch the bus.
（5）动词不定式作定语(须后置)
① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。
I can’t think f any gd advice t give her.
I have nthing t say n this questin.
He needs time t d hmewrk.
Is that a gd place t hang ut?
Yu want t knw the best way t get arund the city.
② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。
1.I need a pen write . 我需要一支笔写字。
2.I have a cmfrtable huse . 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
3.Tm had n mney and n place . 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。
（6）动词不定式作表语
动词不定式往往放在系动词be（becme, sund, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。
1.My wish is a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。
2.Yur jb tday is the playgrund. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。
3.Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。
（7）动词不定式的特殊结构
①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, wh或疑问副词hw, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, knw, cnsider, frget, learn, remember, shw, understand, see, wnder, hear, find ut, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
I can’t decide where t g. (作宾语)
Where t g is nt decided yet. (作主语)
The questin is hw t put it int practice. (作表语)
Can yu tell me hw t get t Guilin Middle Schl? (作宾补)
单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如：
What t d next?(=What will we/yu d next?) // Why g there?(=Why d we/yu g there?)
②动词不定式的否定形式：“nt/never+t+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用t。
1.My mther let me it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
2.Zhang Ming asked me at hme all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。
3.His parents tell him never after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。
③ 动词不定式的省略：在“Yu’d+动词原形”、“Why nt+动词原形” 、“Why dn’t yu+动词原形?”、“wuld rather+动词原形”、“Will/Wuld /Culd yu please(nt)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号t常常省略。
1.Yu’d better up early.
2.Why nt a picnic in the cuntryside this Sunday?
3.Will/Wuld /Culd yu please nt the windw? It’s t cld utside.
4.I wuld rather at hme.
④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hpe, wish, frget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, wuld like, wuld lve, have t, be able t, be ging t, used t, ught t等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号t，而把其他部分省略。
---- I heard that yu wuld g t Kunming fr yu summer vacatin.
---- I planned t, but I have smething imprtant t d. (planned t后省略了g)
---- Wuld yu like t cme t my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d lve t. (I’d lve t后省略了cme)
2、动名词
动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，与现在分词的形式相同，动名词具有名词的特征，也有动词的特征，它可以有宾语，也可用状语来修饰。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
（1）动名词作主语：动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。
Playing cmputer games t much bad fr yur eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。
（2）动名词作宾语：动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjy, finish, cnsider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, frgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, lk frward t等。
Have yu finished the bk? 你读完这本书了吗？
Freign visitrs are lking frward t Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。
（3）动名词作表语：多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。
One f my duties is typing letters.= letters is ne f my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。
（4）动名词作定语：只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
Lucy is in the hall. 露西在餐厅里。
We shuld imprve ur methd. 我们应该改进学习方法。
（5）动词不定式与动名词的用法比较
① 动词hate, like, lve, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。
I dn’t like t d swim tday. (一次具体动作)
I like swimming. (习惯或爱好)
I hate t g bating tday. 今天我不想去划船。
I hate ging bating. 我讨厌划船。
② 动词attempt, begin, cntinue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。
We began English when we came t junir middle schl. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。
③ 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有frget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。
remember t d sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember ding sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)；
frget t d sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； frget ding sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)；
regret t d sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret ding sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)；
1.I remember yu smewhere befre. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
2.Please remember the light when yu leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。
④ 动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。
1.I didn’t mean yu. 我本不想打扰你。
2.What he said means there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。
⑤ try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。
try t d sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try ding sth. 试验/试着做某事；
1.I’ll try t up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。
2.I tried the text withut cnsulting my dictinary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。
⑥ 动词g n, stp等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。
g n t d sth. 继续做另一件事； g n ding sth. 继续做原来在做的事；
stp t d sth. 停下来去做某事； stp ding sth. 停止做某事；
Nw stp me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。
Nw stp , please. 现在停止写字。
3、分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，有主动、正在进行之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者；过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成，有被动、完成之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。
China is a cuntry. 中国是一个发展中国家。
America is a cuntry. 美国是一个发达国家。
Wh is the wman Jim? 在和吉姆交谈的那个妇女是谁？
（2）作表语：现在分词作表语表示主动，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语表示被动，表示某种状态。
1.The bk is . 这本书很有趣。(书本身有趣)
2.I’m in the bk.我对它很感兴趣。(我被这本书激起兴趣)
（3）作宾语补足语
① 现在分词常用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, ntice, have 等动词后面，作宾语补足语。
② 现在分词与不定式作感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, ntice 等的宾语补足语时的区别：用现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，动作的过程已经结束。
They kept me fr a lng time. 他们让我等了很久。
I saw him upstairs. 我看见他上楼了。(看见他上楼的整个过程)
I saw him upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。(看见他正在向楼上走去)
（4）作状语
① 分词作状语时可以表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句）、原因（相当于一个原因状语从句）或表示动作发生的方式及作为陪衬的另一动作。如：Being sick, I stayed at hme.
② 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。如：Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
题组1 非谓语动词
1.Fr Japanese, eating ut was their favurite activity in their free time. And they als like (驾驶) arund.
2.They plan (walk) arund the whle Britain, singing fr dinner and sleeping anywhere like fields.
3.There are fewer plants and animals there, and it's mre difficult fr peple (live).
4.He used his $500 prize (cllect) 619 tys fr a lcal children's hspital.
5.Actually, she hated it s she was always refusing (use) it.
6.Jack enjys (游泳) and sunbathing with his friends.
7.Dn't get n the bus befre (清点) the ttal number f yur team members.
8.Mm gave us a big smile and tld us (sit)dwn fr the breakfast.
9.They lk frward t (spend)time there with friends.
10.S, des Beth enjy (be)famus nw?
11.It can help yu keep yur weight under cntrl and (赢)self-cnfidence at the same time.
12.I can't wait (see) the Alhambra Palace and ther places f interest.
13.The hen agreed (d) s, and the eagle flew away.
14.Befre that, pubs were filled with smke which made yu cugh and made yur hair and clthes (发出气味).
15.He is thinking abut hw (spend)his mney during the winter vacatin.
题组2 非谓语动词选择题
1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I have decided t g t Beijing and ________ ne f my ld friends there.
A．visitingB．visitedC．visitsD．visit
2．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）________ dwn air pllutin, we shuld walk r take the bus instead f driving.
A．CutB．T cutC．Cutting
3．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）We hpe ________ a beautiful hme by living a lw-carbn life (低碳生活).
A．buildB．buildingC．t build
4．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Shall we g swimming this afternn?
—I wuld rather ________ at hme than ________ swimming.
A．stay; gingB．stay; gC．t stay; t g
5．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her rm.
A．danceB．dancingC．t dance
6．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Tday, we must cntinue wrking ________ ur skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.
A．keepB．t keepC．keeping
7．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—Are yu ging t read the bk Jurney t the West?
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________ such traditinal Chinese bks.
A．readB．readingC．t read
8．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）It’s reprted that China plans ________ astrnauts t the mn befre 2030.
A．sendB．sendingC．t send
9．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Our schl will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk n envirnmental prtectin next week.
—That’s wnderful!
A．giveB．t giveC．givingD．gave
10．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）We expect the wrld _______ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhu.
A．understandingB．t understandC．understdD．understand
11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Bys and girls, gd luck and wish yu ________ gd grades in a new year.
A．getB．gettingC．t get
12．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）We shuld avid ________ a nise in the library.
A．makeB．t makeC．making
题组3 语法选择
Many f us have feelings f lneliness as we grw up. As a teenager, just 1 alne in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even g t the restrm hand in hand. They fear 2 a “lner”. In these cases, we might use the wrd “lner” in a disapprving way. Hwever, it can actually have a psitive meaning as well.
It all depends n ur attitudes twards being alne. If we see 3 alne as smething negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part f life, we'll be able 4 it.
In sme cuntries, mre yung peple are chsing 5 lners. In Suth Krea, “hnjk” has becme a ppular lifestyle. The term cmes frm “hn” (alne) and “jk” (tribe). These peple eat alne, travel alne, and enjy 6 alne.
“I hpe it grws int a self-supprting culture f happiness,” said Jang Jae Yung, a Suth Krean wh runs a website abut this sl lifestyle 7 hnjk.me.
In Japan, peple have develped a strng “lner culture” and even a “lner ecnmy”. There are many sl karake bars and sl cafes. Even sme restaurants are specially designed fr sl diners. Clapbards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill ut a frm 8 an rder, and then press a buttn t call the waiter. S they dn't have t see the faces f ther custmers r waiters.
Peple are becming mre experienced in and cmfrtable abut 9 slitude (独处). This desn't mean we shuld ttally shut urselves frm the utside wrld, f curse. But it desn't hurt 10 sme “me time” nce in a while.
B.t eat C.eating D.eaten
called B.t be calledC.be calling D.being called
B.are C.be D.being
B.t hug C.hugging D.hugged
be B.be C.being D.been
B.t be C.being D.been
B.t call C.calling D.called
B.t place C.placing D.placed
B.t embrace C.embracing D.embraced
B.t have C.having D.had
题组4 语法填空
Mst peple tday are nly wrried abut 1 (get)gd jbs t make lts f mney. In their free time, they think abut what 2 (d) fr fun. Hwever, few peple think abut what they can d 3 (help) thers.
There are many peple wh are less lucky than us. 4 (vlunteer) ur time t help these peple is a gd way t spend ur free time. Fr example, we can make plans t visit sick children in the hspital r raise mney fr hmeless peple. Sme peple even stp 5 (d) their jbs fr a few mnths t mve t anther place, like ne f the cuntries in Africa, and help peple there.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.