上海市上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份上海市上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(满分150分，130分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上)
第一卷
I. Listening Cmprehensin (25’)
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. Cwrkers B. Client and cmmunity wrker
C. Neighbrs D. Patient and dctr
2. A. At the schl gate B. At a department stre
C. At a crssrads D. At an airprt
3. A. He wes the wman a favur B. This game level is rather easy
C. He desn’t like playing vide games D. The wman shuld ask smebdy else
4. A. It requires wrk-life balance B. It is hard t carry ut
C. It needs mre discussing D. It is favurable.
5. A. Why her sn wants t g ut
B. Hw her sn has perfrmed in his test
C. Whether her sn has finished his hmewrk.
D. When her sn dubled-checked his assignments.
6. A. She knws a lt abut Thai fd.
B. She has never tried Thai fd befre.
C. She lves Thai fd fr its rich flavrs.
D. She dislikes Thai fd because it’s spicy.
7. A. He is quite interested in the club.
B. He wnders what activities the club will d.
C. He has designed an experiment fr the club.
D. He is surprised that the wman will jin the club.
8. A. The players are great B. They have a gd cach
C. She used t be a team member D. She wants t imprve her skills
9. A. It is almst dne B. It has been submitted
C. He will add sme numbers t it D. He needs the wman’s help with it
10. A. T mnitr her imprvement B. T ensure her safety
C. T encurage her in wrds D. T shw her hw t lift a weight
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. Why there are 24 time znes B. Hw imprtant sun times were
C. Hw time znes came int being D. Why sun times varies frm time t time
12. A. The lng distance between twns.
B. The develpment f rail transprt.
C. The mving f the sun frm east t west.
D. The establishment f a wrld cmmittee.
13 A. It was where the rail system started.
B. It was where the calendar date shifted.
C. It was where the Internatinal Date Line was.
D. It was where the center f the first time zne was.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. A prtein might help reduce anxiety.
B. A prtein is regarded as a cause f anxiety.
C. A prtein helps brain cells grw mre quickly.
D. A prtein is fund t be a sure way t cure anxiety.
15. A. They remved a part f the brain.
B. They fed them with neurtrphin-3 directly.
C. They put the mnkeys in threatening situatins.
D. They used a virus t increase neurtrphin-3 levels.
16. A. They draw t much attentin
B. They are nt as cmmn as thught.
C. They have been treated in effective ways.
D. They make many peple unable t g t wrk.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Super cld seawaters B. The ruins f an ancient ship
C. Icefish nests n the cean flr D. A new species f deep-sea creatures
18. A. It was a chance discvery B. It was a lng-awaited discvery
C. The discvery was made by divers D. The discvery was made by satellites
19. A. Arund 17,000 eggs are laid by ne fish.
B. Icefish stck their fd under the sea flr.
C. The dads are respnsible fr prtecting the nests.
D. Icefish can survive in bth warm and cld waters.
20. A. They dubt its significance.
B. They think it needs mre evidence.
C. They find it incredible and fascinating.
D. They believe it is an verestimated finding.
II. Vcabulary (10’)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Yu’re in the middle f the afternn, eyelids heavy, fcus slipping. Yu clse yur eyes fr half an hur and wake up feeling recharged. But later that night, yu’re tssing and turning in bed, wndering why yu can’t ___1___ ff. That midday snze which felt s refreshing at the time might be the reasn.
Naps have lng been praised as a tl fr bsting alertness, enhancing md, strengthening memry, and imprving prductivity. Yet fr sme, they can sabtage nighttime sleep. Napping is a duble-edged swrd. Dne right, it’s a pwerful way t ___2___ the brain, imprve cncentratin, and supprt mental and physical health. Dne wrng, it can leave yu grggy disriented, and struggling t fall asleep later. The key lies in understanding hw the bdy regulates sleep and wakefulness.
Mst peple experience a natural dip in ___3___ in the early afternn, typically between 1 pm and 4 pm. This isn’t just due t a heavy lunch—ur internal bdy clck, r circadian rhythm, creates cycles f wakefulness and tiredness thrughut the day. The early afternn lull is part f this rhythm, which is why s many peple feel drwsy at that time.
Studies suggest that a shrt nap during this perid—ideally fllwed by bright light expsure—can help cunteract fatigue, bst alertness, and imprve cgnitive functin withut interfering with nighttime sleep. These “pwer naps” allw the brain t rest withut slipping int deep sleep, making it easier t wake up feeling refreshed. But there’s a(n) ___4___: Napping t lng may result in waking up feeling dizzier than befre. This is due t “sleep inertia”—the grgginess and ___5___ that cmes frm waking up during deeper sleep stages.
Once a nap extends beynd 30 minutes, the brain transitins int slw-wave sleep, making it much harder t wake up. Studies shw that waking frm deep sleep can leave peple feeling sluggish fr up t an hur. This can have serius ___6___ if they then try t perfrm safety-critical tasks, make imprtant decisins, r perate machinery, fr example. And if a nap is taken t late in the day, it can eat away frm the “sleep pressure build-up”—the bdy’s natural ___7___ fr sleep—making it harder t fall asleep at night.
Fr sme, napping is essential. Shift wrkers ften struggle with ___8___ sleep due t irregular schedules, and a well-timed nap befre a night shift can bst alertness and reduce the risk f errrs and accidents. Similarly, peple wh regularly struggle t get enugh sleep at night—whether due t wrk, parenting, r ther demands—may benefit frm naps t ___9___ extra hurs f sleep that cmpensate fr their sleep lss.
Nnetheless, relying n naps instead f imprving nighttime sleep is a shrt-term fix rather than a sustainable slutin. Peple with chrnic insmnia are ften advised t ___10___ naps entirely, as daytime sleep can sap their desire t sleep at night. Certain grups use strategic napping as a perfrmance-enhancing tl. Athletes incrprate napping int their training schedules t speed up muscle recvery and imprve sprts-related parameters such as reactin times and endurance.
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A Clze (15’)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Burning il, gas, and cal — literal fssil fuels, made frm the cmpressed remains f ancient plants and planktn — has released carbn int Earth’s atmsphere, where it traps heat and alters the climate. That ___11___ has caused massive destructin and lss f life, and it will cntinue t d s. As a result, carbn came t be seen as smething t “fight,” and “capture.”
Nevertheless Paul Hawken, the authr f the new bk Carbn: The Bk f Life, argues that such carbn-reductin mvement is thinking abut its wrk, and messaging, all ___12___. “Thse wh call carbn a pllutant might want t lay dwn their wrd prcessr,” Hawken writes. Carbn, he ntes, is after all the building blck f life, the animating frce behind trees, rhins, eyelashes, hrmnes, bamb, and s much mre. Withut it, Earth wuld just be a lnely, dead rck. S much fr decarbnizing.
Hawken has cme t believe that treating carbn as smething t tackle and reduce nt nly reflects the same mindset that caused unnecessary climate anxiety in the first place, but als further ___13___ peple frm the living wrld. There is n “climate crisis,” he argues, but a crisis f human thinking and behavir that’s degrading the sil, ___14___ entire species, and changing the weather faster than peple can adapt. “Frm a planetary view,” he writes in Carbn, “the warming atmsphere is a respnse, an adjustment, a teaching.”
The bk recrds a ___15___ in his thinking. In 2017, Hawken published Drawdwn: The Mst Cmprehensive Plan Ever Prpsed t Reverse Glbal Warming, a bk that ranked 100 climate slutins by hw much they culd reduce carbn emissins, frm refrigerant leaks t fd waste. The nnprfit Prject Drawdwn, which he launched, cntinues t ___16___ these kinds f fixes arund the wrld. But nw, Hawken is frging straightfrward metrics t fcus n what he sees as a deeper cultural prblem. “The living wrld is a cmplex interactive system and desn’t lend itself t ___17___ slutins,” he said, “we need t cnduct mre in-depth analysis”.
The new bk frames carbn as a flw — a ___18___ that mves thrugh the atmsphere, ceans, sil, with the element ___19___ by grwing plants during daytime and exhaled back ut thrugh every animal breath. Hawken’s bk is a lessn in what’s smetimes called “unlearning,” r letting g f ld assumptins, like the idea that nature is smething t fix r ____20____. The bk explres ways t repair a brken relatinship with the natural wrld, drawing inspiratin frm indigenus cultures and new scientific discveries. Hawken ____21____ at hw much remains unknwn abut carbn, which he calls with awe “the mst mysterius element f all.”
The bk’s petic language ffers a stark cntrast t the warlike terms climate advcates tend t use t describe carbn. Hawken argues that the typical metaphrs f thse advcates are nt nly ____22____ — hw exactly d yu battle an element? — but als prvide fuel fr unfair narratives f carbn. Last week, E&E News reprted that the administratin is planning a federal reprt making the case that a warming wrld wuld be a gd thing, a pretext fr ____23____ climate regulatins.
“Carbn dixide is nt an evil gas,” David Legates, a frmer Trump fficial, said in a recent vide put ut by the Heartland Institute, a cnservative think tank. “____24____, it’s a gas beneficial t life n Earth. It’ll increase temperatures slightly, and warmer temperatures are certainly better than clder temperatures.” Hawken wants a brad shift in hw peple talk abut the natural wrld, thugh, nt just a rethinking f the climate mvement’s metaphrs. He pints ut that the terms used in scientific reprts and glbal climate cnferences creates a sense f detachment that ____25____ the living things it refers t. Hawken describes the wrd “bidiversity” as just “a bldless term”.
While Hawken’s radical pinins have gained sme fllwers, they have sparkled greater criticism and dubt in the whle sciety.
11. A. prgressB. dmainC. liberatinD. prcess
12. A. grundlessB. validC. preciseD. distinctive
13. A. assimilateB. distanceC. bndD. release
14. A. living ffB. accunting frC. cntributing tD. wiping ut
15. A. shiftB. dimensinC. sphisticatinD. integrity
16. A. generateB. implementC. mtinD. flutter
17. A. inevitableB. simpleC. navigableD. intricate
18. A. mtiveB. frictinC. ritualD. cycle
19. A. releasedB. absrbedC. transfrmedD. frmatted
20. A. cntrlB. admireC. facilitateD. quantify
21. A. targetsB. revlvesC. marvelsD. rebels
22. A. inaccurateB. exactC. insightfulD. virtuus
23. A. intensifyingB. reinfrcingC. frmulatingD. weakening
24. A. SubsequentlyB. FurthermreC. CnsequentlyD. Rather
25. A. dullsB. invigratesC. enlightensD. restrains
Sectin B (22’)
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
The Painting Fl is ne f a grwing number f cmputer prgrams which, as their makers claim, pssess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial cmpser has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them int believing a human was behind the scre. Artwrks painted by a rbt have sld fr thusands f dllars and been hung in prestigius galleries. And sftware has been built which creates art that culd nt have been imagined by the prgrammer.
Human beings are the nly species t perfrm sphisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this prcess dwn int cmputer cde, where des that leave human creativity? ‘This is a questin at the very cre f humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a cmputatinal creativity researcher at Gldsmiths, University f Lndn. ‘It scares a lt f peple. They are wrried that it is taking smething special away frm what it means t be human.’
T sme extent, we are all familiar with cmputerized art. The questin is: where des the wrk f the artist stp and the creativity f the cmputer begin? Cnsider ne f the ldest machine artists, Aarn, a rbt that has had paintings exhibited in Lndn’s Tate Mdern and the San Francisc Museum f Mdern Art. Aarn can pick up a paintbrush and paint n canvas n its wn. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little mre than a tl t realize the prgrammer’s wn creative ideas.
Simn Cltn, the designer f the Painting Fl, is keen t make sure his creatin desn’t attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aarn, the Painting Fl nly needs minimal directin and can cme up with its wn cncepts by ging nline fr material. The sftware runs its wn web searches and trawls thrugh scial media sites. It is nw beginning t display a kind f imaginatin t, creating pictures frm scratch. One f its riginal wrks is a series f fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While sme might say they have a mechanical lk, Cltn argues that such reactins arise frm peple’s duble standards twards sftware-prduced and human-prduced art. After all, he says, cnsider that the Painting Fl painted the landscapes withut referring t a pht. ‘If a child painted a new scene frm its head, yu’d say it has a certain level f imaginatin,’ he pints ut. ‘The same shuld be true f a machine.’ Sftware bugs can als lead t unexpected results. Sme f the Painting Fl’s paintings f a chair came ut in black and white, thanks t a technical glitch. This gives the wrk an eerie, ghstlike quality. Human artists like the renwned Ellswrth Kelly are lauded fr limiting their clr palette-s why shuld cmputers be any different?
26. What is the writer suggesting abut cmputer-prduced wrks in the first paragraph?
A. Peple’s acceptance f them can vary cnsiderably.
B. A great deal f prgress has already been attained in this field.
C. They have had mre success in sme artistic genres than in thers.
D. The advances are nt as significant as the public believes them t be.
27. Accrding t Geraint Wiggins why are many peple wrried by cmputer art?
A. It is aesthetically inferir t human art.
B. It may ultimately supersede human art.
C. It undermines a fundamental human quality.
D. It will lead t a deteriratin in human ability.
28. What is a key difference between Aarn and the Painting Fl?
A. Its prgrammer’s backgrund.B. Public respnse t its wrk.
C. The surce f its subject matter.D. The technical standard f its utput.
29. What pint des Simn Cltn make in the furth paragraph?
A. Sftware-prduced art is ften dismissed as childish and simplistic.
B. The same cncepts f creativity shuld nt be applied t all frms f art.
C. It is unreasnable t expect a machine t be as imaginative as a human being.
D. Peple tend t judge cmputer art and human art accrding t different criteria.
(B)
30. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut a citizen science prject?
A. Jining citizen scientist prject is an essential step t becme a real scientist.
B. A citizen scientist is an expert at explring, graphing, and analyzing data,
C. The participants’ main respnsibility is t generate and develp new ideas fr a prject.
D. The prject helps spread scientific knwledge thrugh public participatin in scientific research.
31. Which prject des nt require the use f digital devices?
A. Sundew Phenlgy Trail
B. Black Hmesteading Prject
C. Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject
D. Lily Lake Phenlgy Prject
32. The Green Sprut Primary Schl is planning a summer camp t aruse students interest in scientific research, which natinal park ffers the mst prper activity fr their students?
A. Acadia Natinal Park
B. Denali Natinal Park and Preserve
C. Hmestead Natinal Histrical Park
D. Rcky Muntain Natinal Park
(C)
Prir t the beginning f the Late Preclassic perid in 300 B.C., Maya ceremnial centers f relatively substantial size had already appeared in Central America. The ceremnial center was a distinctive feature f Maya culture, acting as a fcus fr the cmmunity. Generally speaking, these centers were nt what we wuld call cities. Althugh they did cnsist f a number f large and varied buildings, they did nt have a substantial resident ppulatin. Sme schlars have even labeled these Maya centers “vacant twns”. Their permanent ppulatin cnsisted mainly f rulers, priests, and their attendants plus a limited number f artisans. The elite lived in big huses r in palaces in and arund the center. The bulk f the peasant ppulatin lived in much mre mdest wd and thatch hmes in the areas surrunding the centers. At certain times f the year, n the ccasin f majr religius festivals such as the ne at the time f the planting f their crps, schlars hypthesize, by analgy t histrical and mdern practices, that the peasants wuld flck t the centers t bserve and participate in the ceremnies. At ther times f the year, sme f the peasants wuld be called int the centers t help in the cnstructin f new temples and palaces dedicated t the glry f the gds and t the cmfrts f their earthly representatives, the priestly rulers. The peasants als wuld prvide the fd t help sustain the elite in the centers.
What the peasants received frm the elite was certainly nt as tangible as the services they prvided. In return fr fd and labr, the peasants were ffered a psychlgically and spiritually secure and rdered wrld, as well as access t sme trade gds. Apparently, this was enugh. Agriculture in the trpical Maya lwlands was at best a chancy business: even slight shifts in the nset f the rainy seasn r the dry seasn culd mean disaster fr that year’s harvest. The religin f the ancient Maya helped the peasants cpe with their precarius lives. If the gds were prperly prpitiated, the crps wuld be gd—as wuld life in general.
One archaelgist, William Haviland, argues that it was the centralizing effects f Maya religin that led t the rise f Classic Maya civilizatin. He believes that the religius centers acted as magnets t peples living in the surrunding areas. T supprt the grwing ppulatins arund the centers, Haviland argues, the agricultural systems became intensified. This led t the evlutin f a cmplex state. Haviland believes that as early as 200 B.C., the “vacant” ceremnial centers at Tikal had begun transfrmatin tward urban centers. Mrever, by this time r even earlier, ther centers with huge, labr-intensive buildings had begun t emerge. Sites such as Nakbé, El Miradr, and Lamanai may have apprached urban dimensins in the last few centuries f the first millennium B.C.
Other schlars attribute the grwth f the ceremnial centers t trade. William Rathje argues that the basic cause fr the rise f Maya civilizatin was the necessity fr the Maya, wh lived in resurce-pr lwlands, t trade with adjacent highlanders fr materials such as bsidian (a rck used t make rnaments and cutting edges), salt, and hard stne fr grinding implements. Rathje maintains that lwland sites such as Tikal, which were quite distant frm the highland resurce areas, were made bigger and architecturally magnificent t attract highland merchants and their trade. In rder t undertake all the building, the elite had t attract mre artisans and bring mre labrers int the cmmunity t d the wrk. These ppulatin increases led in turn t even mre building, ppulatin grwth, greater ppulatin density, greater scial differentiatin, and ccupatinal specializatin. Critics have argued, hwever, that there were lcal substitutes fr the external “necessities” and that freign trade was present well befre the rise f cmplex architecture.
Yet ther factrs beynd idelgy and trade must have been imprtant in the emerging Classic Maya civilizatin. Cmpetitin amng the grwing number f centers may als have played a key rle in the grwth f scial, ecnmic, and plitical cmplexity, as the rganizatin f the centers grew t meet the pressures f ther centers fr new agricultural land and cntrl f rising ppulatins.
33. Accrding t paragraph 1, what imprtant feature f cities did Maya ceremnial centers lack?
A. Large, varied buildings.
B. A large, permanent ppulatin.
C. Distinctins between scial classes.
D. Religius temples.
34. Accrding t paragraph 2, which f the fllwing did the Maya elite prvide fr the peasants?
A. Fd fr nurishment.
B. Hmes t live in.
C. Security frm the threats f ther civilizatins.
D. A stable system f beliefs.
35. The wrd “precarius” in the passage is clsest in meaning t ________
A. insecureB. difficultC. restrictedD. unsatisfying
36. Accrding t paragraph 4, what is the dispute between William Rathje and his critics?
A. Whether a need t imprt bsidian, salt, and grinding stne can explain the grwth f ceremnial centers.
B. Whether peple in the lwlands cmmunities traded with peple in the adjacent highlands.
C. Whether bsidian was t be fund in lwland areas such as Tikal that were distant frm the highlands.
D. Whether the develpment f ceremnial centers was characterized by cmplex architecture.
Sectin C (8’)
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
It seemed a ntably strange cincidence that the day after the Chrnicle f Higher Educatin’s fascinating article abut freign-language acquisitin and its remarkable cntributins t the human mind and t sciety, Inside Higher Ed reprted that Gerge Washingtn University’s arts and sciences faculty had vted by an “verwhelming” margin nt nly t remve its freign languages and cultures curse requirement, but als t set up the new requirements in such a way that intrductry freign language curses can n lnger cunt tward fulfilling any degree requirement in the cllege. ___37___.
One wnders hw “glbal perspectives” can happen withut freign language. But Catherine Prter (a frmer president f the Mdern Language Assciatin) writing in the Chrnicle, puts it rather mre bluntly. The lack f freign-language learning in ur sciety, she states, is “a devastating waste f ptential.” Students wh learn languages at an early age “cnsistently display enhanced cgnitive abilities relative t their mnlingual peers.” ___38___ Prter believes: “Demands that the language-learning prcess makes n the brain make the brain mre flexible and incite it t discver new patterns-and thus t create and maintain mre circuits.”
___39___ My wn jurney in languages is smething fr which I cannt claim any real fresight r deliberate intentin, but by the age f 16, I spke English, Hungarian, and French fluently. I’ve managed, thrugh travel and persnal and family cnnectins, t maintain all three. One thing I knw fr sure is that when I get n the phne with my mther and talk t her in Hungarian fr 20 minutes, r if I have t type ut an email t a friend in Paris, afterwards I feel like I’ve had a mental jg n the treadmill: strangely energized, brain-stretched, mre ready fr any challenge, whether it’s cking a new dish r drafting a paper. And the cnnective cultural tissue created by deep immersin in anther language cannt be verstated. When I went t Hungary during grad schl t research my thesis, I figured: n prblem, it’s my native tngue. Yes, but I first learned it when I was a tddler, and never since then. ___40___
Time and again, I’ve realized hw language can transfrm ur interactins with ne anther. Prter’s article is a wake-up call that neglecting freign-language learning is hurting ur cuntry in mre ways than we realize.
A. This isn’t abut being able t impress their parents’ friends by piping up in Chinese at the dinner table — the research is shwing that these kids can think better.
B. Prter pints ut, as many thers have, that in diplmatic, military, prfessinal and cmmercial cntexts, being mnlingual is a significant handicap.
C. One f Prter’s mst interesting bservatins, accrding t my experience, was abut hw multilingualism enhances “brain fitness”.
D. In shrt, making the United States a mre multilingual sciety wuld carry with it untld benefits.
E. The amunt f preparatin I had t d t be sure I didn’t miss small details r cultural cues and didn’t draw cnclusins based n inaccurate translatin, was significant, but well wrth it.
F. At the same time, this curricular refrm is apparently “designed t prmte student learning in areas such as glbal perspectives and ral cmmunicatins”.
*IV. Grammar (20’)
(A)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Traditinally, Yupik families spent the spring and summer at fish camp, and then jined with thers at village sites fr the winter. Edible greens and berries ___41___ (grw) prfusely in the summer, and there are numerus birch and spruce trees in the regin. In cntrast t the Nrthern Eskims wh built igls (冰屋) fr shelter, the Yupik used trees and driftwd ___42___ (build) permanent winter hmes, separate buildings fr the men and the wmen.
The men’s cmmunal huse, the qasgiq, was the cmmunity center fr ceremnies and festivals which included singing, dancing, and strytelling. The qasgiq was used mainly in the winter mnths ___43___ peple wuld travel in family grups fllwing fd surces thrughut the spring, summer, and fall mnths. Aside frm ceremnies and festivals, it was als ___44___ the men taught the yung bys survival and hunting skills, as well as ther life lessns. The yung bys were als taught hw t make tls and qayaqs (kayaks) during the winter mnths.
The wmen’s huses, the ena, were smaller made f sd. They ___45___ (lcate) next t the gasgiq, and in sme areas they were cnnected by a tunnel. Wmen taught the yung girls hw t sew, ck, and weave. Bys wuld live with their mthers ___46___ they were abut five years ld, then they wuld live in the qasgiq. Each winter, frm anywhere between three t six weeks, the yung bys and yung girls wuld exchange, with the men teaching the girls survival and hunting skills and tlmaking and the wmen teaching the bys hw t sew and ck.
The winter building f Siberian Yupik, called yaranga, was a rund, dme-shaped building, with a framewrk made f psts. In the middle f the twentieth century, ___47___ (fllw) external influence, canvas was used t cver the framewrk. The yaranga was surrunded by sd r planking at the lwer part. There was anther smaller building ___48___ it, used fr sleeping and living. Husehld wrks were dne in the rm ___49___ (surrund) this inner building, and als many husehld utensils were stred there. At night and during winter strms the dgs were brught inside the uter part f the building.
Villages cnsisted f grups f as many as 300 persns, tied tgether by bld and marriage. Marriage culd take place _____50_____ members f the immediate village, but remained with the larger reginal grup, as the reginal grups were ften at war with each ther.
(B)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Peple f every culture tell each ther fairy tales and the same stry ften takes a variety f frms in different parts f the wrld. The universal appeal f these fantastical tales is frequently wed ___51___ the idea that they cntain warning messages: in the case f Little Red Riding Hd, t listen t yur mther, nt wander away frm the path, and avid talking t strangers. “It ___52___ be what we find interesting abut this stry is that it’s gt this survival-relevant infrmatin in it,” says anthrplgist Jamie Tehrani at Durham University in the UK. ___53___ his research suggests therwise. By explring hw fairy tales have changed and evlved as they spread between cultures, he believes he has discvered what truly makes them appealing.
His analysis fcused n Little Red Riding Hd in its many guises (变体), which include anther Western fairy tale knwn as The Wlf and the Kids. ___54___ (Explre) academic cllectins fr variants f these tw tales and similar stries frm Africa, East Asia and ther regins, he ended up with 58 stries recrded frm ral traditins.
First he tested sme assumptins abut which aspects f the stry change least ___55___ it evlves, indicating their imprtance. Flklrists believe that events are mre central t the stry than characters; hwever, Tehrani fund n significant difference in the rate f evlutin f events cmpared with ___56___ f characters. “Certain events are very stable because we recgnize them as being crucial t the stry but there are lts f ther details that can evlve quite freely,” he says.
Neither did his analysis supprt the thery that the middle sectin f a stry is ___57___ (cnserved) part. He fund n significant difference in the flexibility f events at the beginning, middle and end.
But the really big surprise came when he lked at the warning elements f the stry. In his analysis, such elements were just as flexible as seemingly unimprtant details. What, then, is imprtant enugh t be reprduced frm generatin t generatin?
The answer, it wuld appear, is hrrr: hrrifying aspects f the stry turned ut t be the best preserved f all. In many Eurpean versins, fr example, the wlf feeds Red Riding Hd a meal made frm the remains f her grandmther. “There’s this brilliant Italian ne ___58___ the wlf says there’s sme trtellini (意式饺子), but f curse thse are her grandmther’s ears,” says Tehrani. In East Asian variants, a grup f sisters spend the night in bed with a tiger and awake ___59___ (hear) it eating the bnes f the yungest ne. “Thse kinds f features are very cmmn in lts f versins f the stry,” says Tehrani.
Why are these details treated with such respect by generatins f strytellers, when ther features are readily substituted? Tehrani has an idea: “In an ral cntext, a stry wn’t survive because f ne great teller. It als needs t be interesting when it’s tld by smene wh’s nt necessarily a great stryteller.” Maybe dining n the remains f a relative is s fascinating that it helps the stry remain ppular, n matter hw badly it ____60____ (tell).
V. Summary Writing (10’)
61. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The quality f ur daily lives is deeply influenced by ur sleep patterns. Amng its many functins, sleep plays a particularly vital rle in cgnitive perfrmance and brain health.
Sleep is critical fr memry cnslidatin and neural maintenance. During sleep, the brain prcesses and rganizes infrmatin gathered thrughut the day, transferring shrt-term memries int lng-term strage. Research frm the Natinal Institute f Neurlgical Disrders and Strke (NINDS) reveals that deep sleep, r slw-wave sleep, is essential fr synaptic pruning—a prcess where unnecessary neural cnnectins are eliminated, while imprtant nes are strengthened. This mechanism enhances learning efficiency and prblem-slving abilities. Additinally, the glymphatic system, a waste-clearing netwrk in the brain, becmes highly active during sleep, flushing ut txins like beta-amylid, which is linked t Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, insufficient sleep disrupts these prcesses, impairing cgnitive functin and increasing the risk f neurdegenerative disrders.
Sleep is indispensable fr cgnitive health due t the sheer amunt f time humans spend sleeping ver a lifetime. The average persn sleeps fr abut ne-third f their life—apprximately 25 years r mre. Even minr sleep deficits accumulate ver time, leading t significant impacts n attentin, creativity, and emtinal regulatin. Fr instance, a study published in “Nature” fund that lsing just 1-2 hurs f sleep per night fr a week can impair cgnitive perfrmance as severely as ging withut sleep fr 24 hurs. Chrnic sleep deprivatin in early adulthd has als been linked t reduced brain vlume in regins respnsible fr decisin-making and emtinal cntrl. Given that many individuals, especially students and prfessinals, sacrifice sleep fr wrk r leisure, the lng-term cnsequences n brain health cannt be verlked. Renwned sleep researcher Dr. Matthew Walker emphasizes that sciety must priritize sleep nt as a luxury, but as a necessity. In his bk “Why We Sleep”, he argues: “Sleep is the single mst effective thing we can d t reset ur brain and bdy health each day. It is a nn-negtiable bilgical requirement, nt an ptinal lifestyle chice.” Adpting this mindset culd transfrm hw we structure ur daily rutines, ensuring that sleep is treated with the same imprtance as diet and exercise.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*VI. Translatin (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 失业后，他只能勉强维持生计，通过当司机赚点小钱。(subsistence) (汉译英)
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63. 这位艺术家选择为创作自由牺牲了经济稳定，蜗居三层砖房的一间小工作室里。(sacrifice) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________
64. 正如曼德拉（Mandela）所言，“教育是最强大武器”，这一真理至今仍在激励全球推动社会公平的运动。(put) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________
65. 凝望着窗外攀附在老墙上的常春藤，他突然有了故事的灵感：生命纵然在废墟中也要坚守，哪怕一切看似无望。(hit) (汉译英)
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VII. Guided Writing
66. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是某社区居民李华。最近，社区计划在小区中央的绿地上修建一个儿童游乐场，但部分居民反对，认为这会带来许多问题或争议。社区居委会决定召开居民会议讨论此事，请你写一封邮件给居委会主任，表达你的意见并提出建议。
要求：
1.说明可能存在的问题或争议；
2.提出合理的解决方案并阐述理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024-2025学年第二学期
高二英语期中试卷
(满分150分，130分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上)
第一卷
I. Listening Cmprehensin (25’)
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. Cwrkers B. Client and cmmunity wrker
C. Neighbrs D. Patient and dctr
2. A. At the schl gate B. At a department stre
C. At a crssrads D. At an airprt
3. A. He wes the wman a favur B. This game level is rather easy
C. He desn’t like playing vide games D. The wman shuld ask smebdy else
4. A. It requires wrk-life balance B. It is hard t carry ut
C. It needs mre discussing D. It is favurable.
5. A. Why her sn wants t g ut
B. Hw her sn has perfrmed in his test
C. Whether her sn has finished his hmewrk.
D. When her sn dubled-checked his assignments.
6. A. She knws a lt abut Thai fd.
B. She has never tried Thai fd befre.
C. She lves Thai fd fr its rich flavrs.
D. She dislikes Thai fd because it’s spicy.
7. A. He is quite interested in the club.
B. He wnders what activities the club will d.
C. He has designed an experiment fr the club.
D. He is surprised that the wman will jin the club.
8. A. The players are great B. They have a gd cach
C. She used t be a team member D. She wants t imprve her skills
9. A. It is almst dne B. It has been submitted
C. He will add sme numbers t it D. He needs the wman’s help with it
10. A. T mnitr her imprvement B. T ensure her safety
C. T encurage her in wrds D. T shw her hw t lift a weight
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. Why there are 24 time znes B. Hw imprtant sun times were
C. Hw time znes came int being D. Why sun times varies frm time t time
12. A. The lng distance between twns.
B. The develpment f rail transprt.
C. The mving f the sun frm east t west.
D. The establishment f a wrld cmmittee.
13. A. It was where the rail system started.
B. It was where the calendar date shifted.
C. It was where the Internatinal Date Line was.
D. It was where the center f the first time zne was.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. A prtein might help reduce anxiety.
B. A prtein is regarded as a cause f anxiety.
C. A prtein helps brain cells grw mre quickly.
D. A prtein is fund t be a sure way t cure anxiety.
15. A. They remved a part f the brain.
B. They fed them with neurtrphin-3 directly.
C. They put the mnkeys in threatening situatins.
D. They used a virus t increase neurtrphin-3 levels.
16. A. They draw t much attentin
B. They are nt as cmmn as thught.
C. They have been treated in effective ways.
D. They make many peple unable t g t wrk.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Super cld seawaters B. The ruins f an ancient ship
C. Icefish nests n the cean flr D. A new species f deep-sea creatures
18. A. It was a chance discvery B. It was a lng-awaited discvery
C. The discvery was made by divers D. The discvery was made by satellites
19. A. Arund 17,000 eggs are laid by ne fish.
B. Icefish stck their fd under the sea flr.
C. The dads are respnsible fr prtecting the nests.
D. Icefish can survive in bth warm and cld waters.
20. A. They dubt its significance.
B. They think it needs mre evidence.
C. They find it incredible and fascinating.
D. They believe it is an verestimated finding.
II. Vcabulary (10’)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Yu’re in the middle f the afternn, eyelids heavy, fcus slipping. Yu clse yur eyes fr half an hur and wake up feeling recharged. But later that night, yu’re tssing and turning in bed, wndering why yu can’t ___1___ ff. That midday snze which felt s refreshing at the time might be the reasn.
Naps have lng been praised as a tl fr bsting alertness, enhancing md, strengthening memry, and imprving prductivity. Yet fr sme, they can sabtage nighttime sleep. Napping is a duble-edged swrd. Dne right, it’s a pwerful way t ___2___ the brain, imprve cncentratin, and supprt mental and physical health. Dne wrng, it can leave yu grggy disriented, and struggling t fall asleep later. The key lies in understanding hw the bdy regulates sleep and wakefulness.
Mst peple experience a natural dip in ___3___ in the early afternn, typically between 1 pm and 4 pm. This isn’t just due t a heavy lunch—ur internal bdy clck, r circadian rhythm, creates cycles f wakefulness and tiredness thrughut the day. The early afternn lull is part f this rhythm, which is why s many peple feel drwsy at that time.
Studies suggest that a shrt nap during this perid—ideally fllwed by bright light expsure—can help cunteract fatigue, bst alertness, and imprve cgnitive functin withut interfering with nighttime sleep. These “pwer naps” allw the brain t rest withut slipping int deep sleep, making it easier t wake up feeling refreshed. But there’s a(n) ___4___: Napping t lng may result in waking up feeling dizzier than befre. This is due t “sleep inertia”—the grgginess and ___5___ that cmes frm waking up during deeper sleep stages.
Once a nap extends beynd 30 minutes, the brain transitins int slw-wave sleep, making it much harder t wake up. Studies shw that waking frm deep sleep can leave peple feeling sluggish fr up t an hur. This can have serius ___6___ if they then try t perfrm safety-critical tasks, make imprtant decisins, r perate machinery, fr example. And if a nap is taken t late in the day, it can eat away frm the “sleep pressure build-up”—the bdy’s natural ___7___ fr sleep—making it harder t fall asleep at night.
Fr sme, napping is essential. Shift wrkers ften struggle with ___8___ sleep due t irregular schedules, and a well-timed nap befre a night shift can bst alertness and reduce the risk f errrs and accidents. Similarly, peple wh regularly struggle t get enugh sleep at night—whether due t wrk, parenting, r ther demands—may benefit frm naps t ___9___ extra hurs f sleep that cmpensate fr their sleep lss.
Nnetheless, relying n naps instead f imprving nighttime sleep is a shrt-term fix rather than a sustainable slutin. Peple with chrnic insmnia are ften advised t ___10___ naps entirely, as daytime sleep can sap their desire t sleep at night. Certain grups use strategic napping as a perfrmance-enhancing tl. Athletes incrprate napping int their training schedules t speed up muscle recvery and imprve sprts-related parameters such as reactin times and endurance.
【答案】1. B 2. H 3. J 4. D 5. F 6. G 7. E 8. I 9. K 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了午睡对人们的影响，包括其利弊以及如何正确午睡。
【1题详解】
考查动词。句意：但当晚晚些时候，你在床上辗转反侧，想知道为什么睡不着。由前面“yu’re tssing and turning in bed, wndering why yu can’t”可知，此处表示“你在床上辗转反侧，想知道为什么睡不着”，空格处意为“入睡”，是固定短语drift ff，can’t是情态动词，空格处用原形，因此空格处是drift，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查不定式。句意：如果做得好，这是一种给大脑充电、提高注意力、支持身心健康的有效方法。由后面“the brain, imprve cncentratin, and supprt mental and physical health”可知，此处表示“这是一种给大脑充电、提高注意力、支持身心健康的有效方法”，空格处意为“给……充电”，是recharge，way后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处用原形，故选H。
【3题详解】
考查名词。句意：大多数人在下午早些时候（通常在下午1点到4点之间）的警觉性会自然下降。由下文“typically between 1 pm and 4 pm”和“The early afternn lull is part f this rhythm, which is why s many peple feel drwsy at that time”可知，此处表示“大多数人在下午早些时候（通常在下午1点到4点之间）的警觉性会下降”，空格处意为“警觉性”，是名词alertness，是不可数名词，作宾语。故选J。
【4题详解】
考查名词。句意：但有一个问题：睡得太久可能会导致醒来时感觉比以前更头晕。由“Napping t lng may result in waking up feeling dizzier than befre”可知，此处表示“睡得太久可能会导致醒来时感觉比以前更头晕，这是一个问题或隐患”，空格处意为“问题或隐患”，是catch，空前有a，空格处用单数，做主语。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是由于“睡眠惯性”——在深度睡眠阶段醒来时产生的昏昏沉沉和迷失方向。由上文““sleep inertia”—the grgginess and”可知，“睡眠惯性”是在深度睡眠阶段醒来时产生的昏昏沉沉和迷失方向，空格处意为“迷失方向”，用名词disrientatin作宾语，是不可数名词，故选F。
【6题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，如果他们试图执行安全关键任务、做出重要决策或操作机器，这可能会产生严重的后果。由下文“if they then try t perfrm safety-critical tasks, make imprtant decisins, r perate machinery”可知，此处表示“如果他们试图执行安全关键任务、做出重要决策或操作机器，这可能会产生严重的后果”，空格处意为“后果”，是implicatin，要用复数表示很多后果，作宾语。故选G。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果在白天睡得太晚，它会消耗“睡眠压力积累”——身体对睡眠的自然驱动——使你在晚上更难入睡。由“sleep pressure build-up”可知，“睡眠压力积累”是身体对睡眠的自然驱动，空格处意为“驱动”，是drive，是不可数名词，故选E。
【8题详解】
考查形容词。句意：轮班工作者常常因作息不规律而睡眠碎片化，在夜班前适时小睡可以提升警觉性，并降低出错和发生事故的风险。由下文“due t irregular schedules”可知，此处表示“轮班工作者常常因作息不规律而睡眠碎片化”，空格处意为“碎片化的”，是fragmented，作定语。故选I。
【9题详解】
考查不定式。句意：同样，那些经常因为工作、养育子女或其他需要而在晚上难以获得足够睡眠的人，可能会从小睡中受益，因为小睡可以增加额外的睡眠时间，弥补睡眠不足。由前面的“benefit frm naps”和下文“extra hurs f sleep”可知，此处表示“小睡可以增加额外的睡眠时间”，空格处意为“堆积，聚集”，是bank，用不定式表目的，因此空格处是原形，故选K。
【10题详解】
考查不定式。句意：患有慢性失眠症的人经常被建议完全避免小睡，因为白天的睡眠会削弱他们晚上睡觉的欲望。由前面的“Peple with chrnic insmnia are ften advised t”可知，此处表示“患有慢性失眠症的人经常被建议完全避免小睡”，空格处意为“避免”，是avid，be advised t d sth.是固定短语，意为“被建议做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故选A。
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A Clze (15’)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Burning il, gas, and cal — literal fssil fuels, made frm the cmpressed remains f ancient plants and planktn — has released carbn int Earth’s atmsphere, where it traps heat and alters the climate. That ___11___ has caused massive destructin and lss f life, and it will cntinue t d s. As a result, carbn came t be seen as smething t “fight,” and “capture.”
Nevertheless, Paul Hawken, the authr f the new bk Carbn: The Bk f Life, argues that such carbn-reductin mvement is thinking abut its wrk, and messaging, all ___12___. “Thse wh call carbn a pllutant might want t lay dwn their wrd prcessr,” Hawken writes. Carbn, he ntes, is after all the building blck f life, the animating frce behind trees, rhins, eyelashes, hrmnes, bamb, and s much mre. Withut it, Earth wuld just be a lnely, dead rck. S much fr decarbnizing.
Hawken has cme t believe that treating carbn as smething t tackle and reduce nt nly reflects the same mindset that caused unnecessary climate anxiety in the first place, but als further ___13___ peple frm the living wrld. There is n “climate crisis,” he argues, but a crisis f human thinking and behavir that’s degrading the sil, ___14___ entire species, and changing the weather faster than peple can adapt. “Frm a planetary view,” he writes in Carbn, “the warming atmsphere is a respnse, an adjustment, a teaching.”
The bk recrds a ___15___ in his thinking. In 2017, Hawken published Drawdwn: The Mst Cmprehensive Plan Ever Prpsed t Reverse Glbal Warming, a bk that ranked 100 climate slutins by hw much they culd reduce carbn emissins, frm refrigerant leaks t fd waste. The nnprfit Prject Drawdwn, which he launched, cntinues t ___16___ these kinds f fixes arund the wrld. But nw, Hawken is frging straightfrward metrics t fcus n what he sees as a deeper cultural prblem. “The living wrld is a cmplex interactive system and desn’t lend itself t ___17___ slutins,” he said, “we need t cnduct mre in-depth analysis”.
The new bk frames carbn as a flw — a ___18___ that mves thrugh the atmsphere, ceans, sil, with the element ___19___ by grwing plants during daytime and exhaled back ut thrugh every animal breath. Hawken’s bk is a lessn in what’s smetimes called “unlearning,” r letting g f ld assumptins, like the idea that nature is smething t fix r ____20____. The bk explres ways t repair a brken relatinship with the natural wrld, drawing inspiratin frm indigenus cultures and new scientific discveries. Hawken ____21____ at hw much remains unknwn abut carbn, which he calls with awe “the mst mysterius element f all.”
The bk’s petic language ffers a stark cntrast t the warlike terms climate advcates tend t use t describe carbn. Hawken argues that the typical metaphrs f thse advcates are nt nly ____22____ — hw exactly d yu battle an element? — but als prvide fuel fr unfair narratives f carbn. Last week, E&E News reprted that the administratin is planning a federal reprt making the case that a warming wrld wuld be a gd thing, a pretext fr ____23____ climate regulatins.
“Carbn dixide is nt an evil gas,” David Legates, a frmer Trump fficial, said in a recent vide put ut by the Heartland Institute, a cnservative think tank. “____24____, it’s a gas beneficial t life n Earth. It’ll increase temperatures slightly, and warmer temperatures are certainly better than clder temperatures.” Hawken wants a brad shift in hw peple talk abut the natural wrld, thugh, nt just a rethinking f the climate mvement’s metaphrs. He pints ut that the terms used in scientific reprts and glbal climate cnferences creates a sense f detachment that ____25____ the living things it refers t. Hawken describes the wrd “bidiversity” as just “a bldless term”.
While Hawken’s radical pinins have gained sme fllwers, they have sparkled greater criticism and dubt in the whle sciety.
11. A. prgressB. dmainC. liberatinD. prcess
12. A. grundlessB. validC. preciseD. distinctive
13. A. assimilateB. distanceC. bndD. release
14. A. living ffB. accunting frC. cntributing tD. wiping ut
15. A. shiftB. dimensinC. sphisticatinD. integrity
16. A. generateB. implementC. mtinD. flutter
17. A. inevitableB. simpleC. navigableD. intricate
18. A. mtiveB. frictinC. ritualD. cycle
19. A. releasedB. absrbedC. transfrmedD. frmatted
20. A. cntrlB. admireC. facilitateD. quantify
21. A. targetsB. revlvesC. marvelsD. rebels
22. A. inaccurateB. exactC. insightfulD. virtuus
23. A. intensifyingB. reinfrcingC. frmulatingD. weakening
24. A. SubsequentlyB. FurthermreC. CnsequentlyD. Rather
25. A. dullsB. invigratesC. enlightensD. restrains
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了对碳认知的转变及引发的争议。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个过程已经造成了巨大的破坏和生命损失，并且还将继续如此。A. prgress进步；B. dmain领域；C. liberatin解放；D. prcess过程。根据上文“Burning il, gas, and cal — literal fssil fuels, made frm the cmpressed remains f ancient plants and planktn — has released carbn int Earth’s atmsphere, where it traps heat and alters the climate.”可知，燃烧化石燃料释放碳到大气中，进而改变气候，这是一个过程，那个过程已经造成了巨大的破坏和生命损失。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，新书《碳：生命之书》的作者保罗·霍肯认为，这种碳减排运动对其工作和信息传递的思考方式都是毫无根据的。A. grundless毫无根据的；B. valid有效的；C. precise精确的；D. distinctive独特的。根据下文““Thse wh call carbn a pllutant might want t lay dwn their wrd prcessr,” Hawken writes. Carbn, he ntes, is after all the building blck f life, the animating frce behind trees, rhins, eyelashes, hrmnes, bamb, and s much mre. Withut it, Earth wuld just be a lnely, dead rck. S much fr decarbnizing.”可知，霍肯写道：“那些把碳称为污染物的人或许应该放下手中的文字处理器了。” 他指出，碳毕竟是生命的基石，是树木、犀牛、睫毛、荷尔蒙、竹子以及众多其他生命背后的赋予生机的力量。没有了碳，地球就只会是一块孤寂、毫无生气的岩石。所谓的去碳化也就不过如此罢了。霍肯认为将碳视为污染物是错误的，他觉得碳减排运动的思考和宣传是没有根据的。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍肯逐渐认为，把碳当作需要解决和减少的东西，不仅反映了最初导致不必要的气候焦虑的相同心态，而且进一步使人们远离了生物世界。A. assimilate同化；B. distance使疏远；C. bnd结合；D. release释放。根据上文“treating carbn as smething t tackle and reduce”以及下文“frm the living wrld”可知，这里表示将碳视为敌人会让人们与自然世界更加疏远。故选B
【14题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他认为，没有“气候危机”，而是人类思维和行为方式的危机，这种危机正在使土壤退化，使整个物种灭绝，并使天气变化比人们适应的速度更快。A. living ff靠……生活；B. accunting fr解释；C. cntributing t有助于；D. wiping ut消灭。根据上文“a crisis f human thinking and behavir that’s degrading the sil”以及下文“entire species”可知，人类的行为导致物种灭绝。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书记录了他思想的转变。A. shift转变；B. dimensin维度；C. sphisticatin复杂；D. integrity完整。根据下文“In 2017, Hawken published Drawdwn: The Mst Cmprehensive Plan Ever Prpsed t Reverse Glbal Warming, a bk that ranked 100 climate slutins by hw much they culd reduce carbn emissins, frm refrigerant leaks t fd waste. The nnprfit Prject Drawdwn, which he launched, cntinues t 6 these kinds f fixes arund the wrld. But nw, Hawken is frging straightfrward metrics t fcus n what he sees as a deeper cultural prblem.”可知，从他之前出版的书关注碳减排到现在关注他认为更深层次的文化问题，体现了他思想的转变。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发起的非营利组织“降排项目”继续在世界各地实施这些解决方案。A. generate产生；B. implement实施；C. mtin提议；D. flutter飘动。根据上文“The nnprfit Prject Drawdwn, which he launched”以及下文“these kinds f fixes arund the wrld”可知，这里指实施碳减排的解决方案。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“生物世界是一个复杂的交互系统，不适合简单的解决方案，”他说，“我们需要进行更深入的分析”。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. simple简单的；C. navigable可航行的；D. intricate复杂的。根据上文“The living wrld is a cmplex interactive system”可知，生物世界复杂，不适合简单的解决方案。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本新书将碳描述为一种流动——一种在大气、海洋、土壤中循环的循环，这种元素在白天被生长的植物吸收，并通过每个动物的呼吸呼出。A. mtive动机；B. frictin摩擦；C. ritual仪式；D. cycle循环。根据下文“that mves thrugh the atmsphere, ceans, sil”可知，碳在大气、海洋、土壤中循环。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这本新书将碳描述为一种流动 —— 一个在大气、海洋和土壤中循环的过程，在这个过程中，碳元素在白天被生长的植物吸收，然后通过每一个动物的呼吸又被排放回外界。A. released释放；B. absrbed吸收；C. transfrmed转变；D. frmatted格式化。根据下文“by grwing plants during daytime and exhaled back ut thrugh every animal breath”可知，植物在白天吸收碳。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍肯的书是一堂关于所谓“忘却”或放下旧假设的课程，比如自然是需要修复或控制的东西的想法。A. cntrl控制；B. admire钦佩；C. facilitate促进；D. quantify量化。根据上文“letting g f ld assumptins”以及下文“nature is smething t fix”可知，旧假设认为自然是需要修复或控制的东西。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍肯惊讶于关于碳还有多少未知之处，他敬畏地称碳为 “所有元素中最神秘的元素”。A. targets瞄准；B. revlves旋转；C. marvels惊讶；D. rebels反抗。根据下文“at hw much remains unknwn abut carbn”可知，这里表示霍肯对碳的神秘感到惊讶。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍肯认为，这些倡导者的典型隐喻不仅不准确——你如何与一种元素作战？——而且还为不公平的碳叙述提供了燃料。A. inaccurate不准确的；B. exact精确的；C. insightful有洞察力的；D. virtuus善良的。根据下文“hw exactly d yu battle an element?”可知，霍肯认为这些倡导者的典型隐喻不准确。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周，《能源与环境新闻》报道称，政府正在计划一份联邦报告，称气候变暖将是一件好事，这是为削弱气候法规找借口。A. intensifying强化；B. reinfrcing加强；C. frmulating制定；D. weakening削弱。根据上文“a warming wrld wuld be a gd thing”可知，既然认为全球变暖是好事，那么就是为削弱气候法规找借口。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它是一种对地球上生命有益的气体。A. Subsequently随后；B. Furthermre此外；C. Cnsequently因此；D. Rather相反。根据上文“Carbn dixide is nt an evil gas”以及下文“it’s a gas beneficial t life n Earth”可知，前后是相反的关系。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他指出，科学报告和全球气候会议中使用的术语造成了一种疏离感，使所涉及的生物变得不清晰。A. dulls使迟钝，变模糊；B. invigrates使振奋；C. enlightens启发；D. restrains限制。根据上文“creates a sense f detachment”和下文“the living things it refers t. Hawken describes the wrd “bidiversity” as just “a bldless term”.”可知，霍肯形容“生物多样性” 这个词不过是个“冷冰冰的术语”。所以霍肯认为这种疏离感会让人们对生物的感知变得不清晰。故选A。
Sectin B (22’)
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
The Painting Fl is ne f a grwing number f cmputer prgrams which, as their makers claim, pssess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial cmpser has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them int believing a human was behind the scre. Artwrks painted by a rbt have sld fr thusands f dllars and been hung in prestigius galleries. And sftware has been built which creates art that culd nt have been imagined by the prgrammer.
Human beings are the nly species t perfrm sphisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this prcess dwn int cmputer cde, where des that leave human creativity? ‘This is a questin at the very cre f humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a cmputatinal creativity researcher at Gldsmiths, University f Lndn. ‘It scares a lt f peple. They are wrried that it is taking smething special away frm what it means t be human.’
T sme extent, we are all familiar with cmputerized art. The questin is: where des the wrk f the artist stp and the creativity f the cmputer begin? Cnsider ne f the ldest machine artists, Aarn, a rbt that has had paintings exhibited in Lndn’s Tate Mdern and the San Francisc Museum f Mdern Art. Aarn can pick up a paintbrush and paint n canvas n its wn. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little mre than a tl t realize the prgrammer’s wn creative ideas.
Simn Cltn, the designer f the Painting Fl, is keen t make sure his creatin desn’t attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aarn, the Painting Fl nly needs minimal directin and can cme up with its wn cncepts by ging nline fr material. The sftware runs its wn web searches and trawls thrugh scial media sites. It is nw beginning t display a kind f imaginatin t, creating pictures frm scratch. One f its riginal wrks is a series f fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While sme might say they have a mechanical lk, Cltn argues that such reactins arise frm peple’s duble standards twards sftware-prduced and human-prduced art. After all, he says, cnsider that the Painting Fl painted the landscapes withut referring t a pht. ‘If a child painted a new scene frm its head, yu’d say it has a certain level f imaginatin,’ he pints ut. ‘The same shuld be true f a machine.’ Sftware bugs can als lead t unexpected results. Sme f the Painting Fl’s paintings f a chair came ut in black and white, thanks t a technical glitch. This gives the wrk an eerie, ghstlike quality. Human artists like the renwned Ellswrth Kelly are lauded fr limiting their clr palette-s why shuld cmputers be any different?
26. What is the writer suggesting abut cmputer-prduced wrks in the first paragraph?
A. Peple’s acceptance f them can vary cnsiderably.
B. A great deal f prgress has already been attained in this field.
C. They have had mre success in sme artistic genres than in thers.
D. The advances are nt as significant as the public believes them t be.
27. Accrding t Geraint Wiggins, why are many peple wrried by cmputer art?
A. It is aesthetically inferir t human art.
B. It may ultimately supersede human art.
C. It undermines a fundamental human quality.
D. It will lead t a deteriratin in human ability.
28. What is a key difference between Aarn and the Painting Fl?
A. Its prgrammer’s backgrund.B. Public respnse t its wrk.
C. The surce f its subject matter.D. The technical standard f its utput.
29. What pint des Simn Cltn make in the furth paragraph?
A. Sftware-prduced art is ften dismissed as childish and simplistic.
B. The same cncepts f creativity shuld nt be applied t all frms f art.
C. It is unreasnable t expect a machine t be as imaginative as a human being.
D. Peple tend t judge cmputer art and human art accrding t different criteria.
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是计算机程序在艺术创作领域的进展及其引发的关于人类创造力与机器创造力的讨论，探讨了人工智能艺术作品的独特性及争议。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Painting Fl is ne f a grwing number f cmputer prgrams which, as their makers claim, pssess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial cmpser has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them int believing a human was behind the scre. Artwrks painted by a rbt have sld fr thusands f dllars and been hung in prestigius galleries. (“绘画愚人”是越来越多声称具有创造力的计算机程序之一。由人工智能作曲家创作的古典音乐让观众着迷，甚至让他们误以为背后是人类创作。机器人绘制的艺术品已以数千美元的价格售出，并被挂在著名画廊中。)”可知，作者通过具体实例表明，计算机生成艺术领域已经取得了显著进步。故选B项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“‘This is a questin at the very cre f humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a cmputatinal creativity researcher at Gldsmiths, University f Lndn. ‘It scares a lt f peple. They are wrried that it is taking smething special away frm what it means t be human.’(‘这是一个人类核心的问题，’伦敦大学金史密斯学院的计算创造力研究员格伦特·威金斯说。‘这吓坏了许多人。他们担心这会夺走一些成为人类所特有的东西。’)”可知，许多人担忧计算机艺术会削弱人类的基本特质。故选C项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Aarn can pick up a paintbrush and paint n canvas n its wn. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little mre than a tl t realize the prgrammer’s wn creative ideas. (Aarn可以拿起画笔自行在画布上作画。虽然令人印象深刻，但它仍然只是实现程序员创意想法的工具。)”可知，Aarn使用画笔自行在画布上作画，结合第四段中的“Unlike earlier ‘artists’ such as Aarn, the Painting Fl nly needs minimal directin and can cme up with its wn cncepts by ging nline fr material. (与早期的‘艺术家’如Aarn不同，“绘画愚人”只需最少的指导，便能通过上网获取材料并提出自己的概念。)”可知，“绘画愚人”通过上网获取材料并提出自己的概念，由此可知，两者的区别在于主题来源不同。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Cltn argues that such reactins arise frm peple’s duble standards twards sftware-prduced and human-prduced art. After all, he says, cnsider that the Painting Fl painted the landscapes withut referring t a pht. ‘If a child painted a new scene frm its head, yu’d say it has a certain level f imaginatin,’ he pints ut. ‘The same shuld be true f a machine.’(Cltn认为，这种反应源于人们对软件生成艺术和人类生成艺术的双重标准。毕竟，他说，“绘画愚人”在没有参考照片的情况下绘制了风景画。‘如果一个孩子凭空画出一幅新场景，你会说它具有一定想象力，’他指出，‘机器也应如此。’)”可知，Cltn认为，这种反应源于人们对软件生成艺术和人类生成艺术的双重标准，由此可知，Cltn指出人们评判计算机艺术和人类艺术时采用不同标准的现象。故选D项。
(B)
30. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut a citizen science prject?
A. Jining citizen scientist prject is an essential step t becme a real scientist.
B. A citizen scientist is an expert at explring, graphing, and analyzing data,
C. The participants’ main respnsibility is t generate and develp new ideas fr a prject.
D. The prject helps spread scientific knwledge thrugh public participatin in scientific research.
31. Which prject des nt require the use f digital devices?
A. Sundew Phenlgy Trail
B Black Hmesteading Prject
C. Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject
D. Lily Lake Phenlgy Prject
32. The Green Sprut Primary Schl is planning a summer camp t aruse students interest in scientific research, which natinal park ffers the mst prper activity fr their students?
A. Acadia Natinal Park
B. Denali Natinal Park and Preserve
C. Hmestead Natinal Histrical Park
D. Rcky Muntain Natinal Park
【答案】30. D 31. C 32. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了国家公园赞助的几个项目，这些项目有很多机会让普通人成为一名公民科学家。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In sme cases, yu can explre, graph, and analyze data. If the prject is new, yu may be able t make suggestins abut study design r prcedures. In all cases, yu will learn and experience real science. And yu'll d it in the places yu lve.(在某些情况下，您可以探索、绘制和分析数据。如果项目是新的，您可以就研究设计或程序提出建议。在所有情况下，你将学习和体验真正的科学。你可以在你喜欢的地方研究)”可知，公民科学项目通过公众参与科学研究，让公民真正地体验科学，帮助公民学习科学知识，帮助传播科学知识。故选D。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个小标题Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject中的“Activities: Vlunteers cunt snwshe hare fecal pellets (粪球) at established plts within the park. Requirements: Must be a teen r adult, r part f a schl/rganizatin grup; training is prvided. Vlunteers must be able t take difficult hikes in the backcuntry, spend time n hands and knees, and fllw verbal instructins.(活动：志愿者在公园内的固定场地数雪鞋兔的粪便颗粒。要求：必须是青少年或成人，或学校/组织的成员；提供培训。志愿者必须能够在偏远地区进行艰难的徒步旅行，花时间在手脚并用上，并遵循口头指示)”可知，Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject这个项目的要求和活动中未提及要使用数字设备，所以Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject不需要使用数字设备。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个小标题Acadia Natinal Park (ME)中“Purpse: Mnitr phenlgy (seasnal timing) f trees, plants, and shrubs in castal Maine t help the park understand lng-term trends.(目的：监测缅因州沿海地区树木、植物和灌木的物候(季节)，以帮助公园长远发展)”，“Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park; spring, summer and fall every year.(地点和时间：参与公园活动；每年春天、夏天和秋天)”及“Requirements: Anyne can participate, yung children shuld be supervised by adults; training is prvided.(要求：任何人都可以参加，幼儿应由成人监督，提供培训)”可知，Acadia Natinal Park (ME)适合举办夏令营，能让小学生参观游玩，提供相关培训（Rcky Muntain Natinal Park (CO)没有培训），并能观察缅因州沿海地区树木、植物和灌木的物候，对于激发学生对科学研究的兴趣最合适。故选A。
(C)
Prir t the beginning f the Late Preclassic perid in 300 B.C., Maya ceremnial centers f relatively substantial size had already appeared in Central America. The ceremnial center was a distinctive feature f Maya culture, acting as a fcus fr the cmmunity. Generally speaking, these centers were nt what we wuld call cities. Althugh they did cnsist f a number f large and varied buildings, they did nt have a substantial resident ppulatin. Sme schlars have even labeled these Maya centers “vacant twns”. Their permanent ppulatin cnsisted mainly f rulers, priests, and their attendants plus a limited number f artisans. The elite lived in big huses r in palaces in and arund the center. The bulk f the peasant ppulatin lived in much mre mdest wd and thatch hmes in the areas surrunding the centers. At certain times f the year, n the ccasin f majr religius festivals such as the ne at the time f the planting f their crps, schlars hypthesize, by analgy t histrical and mdern practices, that the peasants wuld flck t the centers t bserve and participate in the ceremnies. At ther times f the year, sme f the peasants wuld be called int the centers t help in the cnstructin f new temples and palaces dedicated t the glry f the gds and t the cmfrts f their earthly representatives, the priestly rulers. The peasants als wuld prvide the fd t help sustain the elite in the centers.
What the peasants received frm the elite was certainly nt as tangible as the services they prvided. In return fr fd and labr, the peasants were ffered a psychlgically and spiritually secure and rdered wrld, as well as access t sme trade gds. Apparently, this was enugh. Agriculture in the trpical Maya lwlands was at best a chancy business: even slight shifts in the nset f the rainy seasn r the dry seasn culd mean disaster fr that year’s harvest. The religin f the ancient Maya helped the peasants cpe with their precarius lives. If the gds were prperly prpitiated, the crps wuld be gd—as wuld life in general.
One archaelgist, William Haviland, argues that it was the centralizing effects f Maya religin that led t the rise f Classic Maya civilizatin. He believes that the religius centers acted as magnets t peples living in the surrunding areas. T supprt the grwing ppulatins arund the centers, Haviland argues, the agricultural systems became intensified. This led t the evlutin f a cmplex state. Haviland believes that as early as 200 B.C., the “vacant” ceremnial centers at Tikal had begun transfrmatin tward urban centers. Mrever, by this time r even earlier, ther centers with huge, labr-intensive buildings had begun t emerge. Sites such as Nakbé, El Miradr, and Lamanai may have apprached urban dimensins in the last few centuries f the first millennium B.C.
Other schlars attribute the grwth f the ceremnial centers t trade. William Rathje argues that the basic cause fr the rise f Maya civilizatin was the necessity fr the Maya, wh lived in resurce-pr lwlands, t trade with adjacent highlanders fr materials such as bsidian (a rck used t make rnaments and cutting edges), salt, and hard stne fr grinding implements. Rathje maintains that lwland sites such as Tikal, which were quite distant frm the highland resurce areas, were made bigger and architecturally magnificent t attract highland merchants and their trade. In rder t undertake all the building, the elite had t attract mre artisans and bring mre labrers int the cmmunity t d the wrk. These ppulatin increases led in turn t even mre building, ppulatin grwth, greater ppulatin density, greater scial differentiatin, and ccupatinal specializatin. Critics have argued, hwever, that there were lcal substitutes fr the external “necessities” and that freign trade was present well befre the rise f cmplex architecture.
Yet ther factrs beynd idelgy and trade must have been imprtant in the emerging Classic Maya civilizatin. Cmpetitin amng the grwing number f centers may als have played a key rle in the grwth f scial, ecnmic, and plitical cmplexity, as the rganizatin f the centers grew t meet the pressures f ther centers fr new agricultural land and cntrl f rising ppulatins.
33. Accrding t paragraph 1, what imprtant feature f cities did Maya ceremnial centers lack?
A. Large, varied buildings.
B. A large, permanent ppulatin.
C. Distinctins between scial classes.
D. Religius temples.
34. Accrding t paragraph 2, which f the fllwing did the Maya elite prvide fr the peasants?
A. Fd fr nurishment.
B. Hmes t live in.
C. Security frm the threats f ther civilizatins.
D. A stable system f beliefs.
35. The wrd “precarius” in the passage is clsest in meaning t ________
A. insecureB. difficultC. restrictedD. unsatisfying
36. Accrding t paragraph 4, what is the dispute between William Rathje and his critics?
A. Whether a need t imprt bsidian, salt, and grinding stne can explain the grwth f ceremnial centers.
B. Whether peple in the lwlands cmmunities traded with peple in the adjacent highlands.
C. Whether bsidian was t be fund in lwland areas such as Tikal that were distant frm the highlands.
D. Whether the develpment f ceremnial centers was characterized by cmplex architecture.
【答案】33. B 34. D 35. A 36. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了玛雅礼仪中心的特征及发展。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Generally speaking, these centers were nt what we wuld call cities. Althugh they did cnsist f a number f large and varied buildings, they did nt have a substantial resident ppulatin. (一般来说，这些中心不是我们所说的城市。虽然它们确实由许多大型和多样化的建筑组成，但它们没有大量的常住人口)”可知，玛雅礼仪中心不是我们所说的城市，因为它们没有大量的常住人口。由此可知，玛雅礼仪中心缺少的一项城市的重要特征是常住人口众多。故选B项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“In return fr fd and labr, the peasants were ffered a psychlgically and spiritually secure and rdered wrld, as well as access t sme trade gds. (作为食物和劳动力的回报，农民们获得了一个心理和精神上安全有序的世界，以及获得一些贸易商品的机会)”可知，作为食物和劳动力的回报，玛雅精英为农民们提供一个心理和精神上安全有序的世界，即稳定的信仰体系。由此可知，玛雅精英为农民提供了稳定的信仰体系。故选D项。
【35题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Agriculture in the trpical Maya lwlands was at best a chancy business: even slight shifts in the nset f the rainy seasn r the dry seasn culd mean disaster fr that year’s harvest. (热带玛雅低地的农业充其量是一项不稳定的业务：即使雨季或旱季开始时发生轻微变化，也可能对当年的收成造成灾难)”可知，农业是一项不稳定的业务，农民们的收成并不稳定，生活没有保障，由此可知，古玛雅人的宗教帮助农民应对没有保障的生活，“insecure”意为“无保障的”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“William Rathje argues that the basic cause fr the rise f Maya civilizatin was the necessity fr the Maya, wh lived in resurce-pr lwlands, t trade with adjacent highlanders fr materials such as bsidian (a rck used t make rnaments and cutting edges), salt, and hard stne fr grinding implements. (William Rathje认为，玛雅文明兴起的根本原因是生活在资源贫乏的低地的玛雅人必须与邻近的高地人进行贸易，以获得黑曜石（一种用于制作装饰品和切割边缘的岩石）、盐和用于研磨工具的硬石等材料)”和“Critics have argued, hwever, that there were lcal substitutes fr the external “necessities” and that freign trade was present well befre the rise f cmplex architecture. (然而，批评者认为，外部“必需品”有当地的替代品，外贸早在复杂建筑兴起之前就存在了)”可知，William Rathje认为需要进口黑曜石、盐和磨石可以解释礼仪中心的发展，而批评者认为，外贸早在复杂建筑兴起之前就存在了，需要进口黑曜石、盐和磨石不能解释礼仪中心的发展。由此可知，William Rathje和他的批评者之间的争议是“是否需要进口黑曜石、盐和磨石可以解释礼仪中心的发展”。故选A项。
Sectin C (8’)
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
It seemed a ntably strange cincidence that the day after the Chrnicle f Higher Educatin’s fascinating article abut freign-language acquisitin and its remarkable cntributins t the human mind and t sciety, Inside Higher Ed reprted that Gerge Washingtn University’s arts and sciences faculty had vted by an “verwhelming” margin nt nly t remve its freign languages and cultures curse requirement, but als t set up the new requirements in such a way that intrductry freign language curses can n lnger cunt tward fulfilling any degree requirement in the cllege. ___37___.
One wnders hw “glbal perspectives” can happen withut freign language. But Catherine Prter (a frmer president f the Mdern Language Assciatin), writing in the Chrnicle, puts it rather mre bluntly. The lack f freign-language learning in ur sciety, she states, is “a devastating waste f ptential.” Students wh learn languages at an early age “cnsistently display enhanced cgnitive abilities relative t their mnlingual peers.” ___38___ Prter believes: “Demands that the language-learning prcess makes n the brain make the brain mre flexible and incite it t discver new patterns-and thus t create and maintain mre circuits.”
___39___ My wn jurney in languages is smething fr which I cannt claim any real fresight r deliberate intentin, but by the age f 16, I spke English, Hungarian, and French fluently. I’ve managed, thrugh travel and persnal and family cnnectins, t maintain all three. One thing I knw fr sure is that when I get n the phne with my mther and talk t her in Hungarian fr 20 minutes, r if I have t type ut an email t a friend in Paris, afterwards I feel like I’ve had a mental jg n the treadmill: strangely energized, brain-stretched, mre ready fr any challenge, whether it’s cking a new dish r drafting a paper. And the cnnective cultural tissue created by deep immersin in anther language cannt be verstated. When I went t Hungary during grad schl t research my thesis, I figured: n prblem, it’s my native tngue. Yes, but I first learned it when I was a tddler, and never since then. ___40___
Time and again, I’ve realized hw language can transfrm ur interactins with ne anther. Prter’s article is a wake-up call that neglecting freign-language learning is hurting ur cuntry in mre ways than we realize.
A. This isn’t abut being able t impress their parents’ friends by piping up in Chinese at the dinner table — the research is shwing that these kids can think better.
B. Prter pints ut, as many thers have, that in diplmatic, military, prfessinal and cmmercial cntexts, being mnlingual is a significant handicap.
C. One f Prter’s mst interesting bservatins, accrding t my experience, was abut hw multilingualism enhances “brain fitness”.
D. In shrt, making the United States a mre multilingual sciety wuld carry with it untld benefits.
E. The amunt f preparatin I had t d t be sure I didn’t miss small details r cultural cues and didn’t draw cnclusins based n inaccurate translatin, was significant, but well wrth it.
F. At the same time, this curricular refrm is apparently “designed t prmte student learning in areas such as glbal perspectives and ral cmmunicatins”.
【答案】37. F 38. C 39. A 40. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章强调外语学习的重要性，指出其对大脑健康、认知能力、社会交往的深远影响。通过引用专家观点和个人经历，文章批判了忽视外语学习的后果，呼吁重视语言教育，以提升个人与社会的整体能力。
【37题详解】
根据上文“It seemed a ntably strange cincidence that the day after the Chrnicle f Higher Educatin’s fascinating article abut freign-language acquisitin and its remarkable cntributins t the human mind and t sciety, Inside Higher Ed reprted that Gerge Washingtn University’s arts and sciences faculty had vted by an “verwhelming” margin nt nly t remve its freign languages and cultures curse requirement, but als t set up the new requirements in such a way that intrductry freign language curses can n lnger cunt tward fulfilling any degree requirement in the cllege.(这似乎是一个格外诡异的巧合—— 就在《高等教育纪事报》发表了一篇关于外语习得及其对人类思维和社会非凡贡献的精彩文章后第二天，《高等教育内幕》报道称，乔治华盛顿大学文理学院教师以压倒性票数通过决议：不仅取消外语与文化课程必修要求，还重新设定学位条件，使初级外语课程无法计入任何毕业学分)”提到乔治华盛顿大学取消外语课程要求，并设置新规则使入门课程不再计入学位要求。选项F“At the same time, this curricular refrm is apparently “designed t prmte student learning in areas such as glbal perspectives and ral cmmunicatins”.(与此同时，这项课程改革显然“旨在促进学生在诸如全球视野和口头交流等领域的学业发展”)”与学校表面上的理由一致，形成讽刺对比（取消外语课程却声称促进全球视野），符合作者批判的语气。故选F。
【38题详解】
前文“ The lack f freign-language learning in ur sciety, she states, is “a devastating waste f ptential.” Students wh learn languages at an early age “cnsistently display enhanced cgnitive abilities relative t their mnlingual peers”.(她指出，我们社会中外语学习的缺失是“对潜能的灾难性浪费”。早年学习语言的学生“相较于单语同龄人持续展现出更强的认知能力”)”引用了Prter 观点，强调早期语言学习对认知能力的提升。选项C提到了多语种增强“大脑健康”，直接承接Prter的论述，再结合下文“Prter believes: “Demands that the language-learning prcess makes n the brain make the brain mre flexible and incite it t discver new patterns and thus t create and maintain mre circuits.” (波特认为：“ 语言学习过程对大脑的严苛要求使神经更具可塑性，激发其发现新规律 ，从而创建并维持更多神经回路。”)”，选项C“One f Prter’s mst interesting bservatins, accrding t my experience, was abut hw multilingualism enhances “brain fitness”.(根据我的经验，波特最有趣的观察之一是多语言能力如何增强“大脑健康”)”引出了下文关于语言学习对大脑灵活性和创造力的解释。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据空后“My wn jurney in languages is smething fr which I cannt claim any real fresight r deliberate intentin, but by the age f 16, I spke English, Hungarian, and French fluently. I’ve managed, thrugh travel and persnal and family cnnectins, t maintain all three. One thing I knw fr sure is that when I get n the phne with my mther and talk t her in Hungarian fr 20 minutes, r if I have t type ut an email t a friend in Paris, afterwards I feel like I’ve had a mental jg n the treadmill: strangely energized, brain-stretched, mre ready fr any challenge, whether it’s cking a new dish r drafting a paper. And the cnnective cultural tissue created by deep immersin in anther language cannt be verstated. When I went t Hungary during grad schl t research my thesis, I figured: n prblem, it’s my native tngue. Yes, but I first learned it when I was a tddler, and never since then.(我的语言学习历程谈不上任何远见或刻意规划，但16岁时我已能流利使用英语、匈牙利语和法语。通过旅行、社交和家庭联系，这三种语言得以保持。我确信的是：当用匈牙利语与母亲通话20分钟，或用巴黎友人的母语撰写邮件后，我的大脑如同完成跑步机训练：莫名充满能量，思维延展，面对新菜品研发或论文草拟都更具准备。深度语言沉浸创造的跨文化联结难以估量。研究生时期赴匈牙利进行论文调研时，我原以为母语匈牙利语不成问题。但事实上，幼年习得的语言若不持续使用仍需精心准备)”可知，作者通过个人经历说明语言的实际价值，与社会上“用外语 impress parents”的表面功夫形成对比。 选项A“This isn’t abut being able t impress their parents’ friends by piping up in Chinese at the dinner table — the research is shwing that these kids can think better.(这并不是为了能在晚餐桌上用中文插句话让父母的朋友们刮目相看—— 研究表明，这些孩子的思维能力更强)”提到了这不是为了impress parents，而是研究表明外语提升思维能力，引出作者的亲身经历，强调语言学习的深层益处。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据上文“When I went t Hungary during grad schl t research my thesis, I figured: n prblem, it’s my native tngue. Yes, but I first learned it when I was a tddler, and never since then.(研究生时期赴匈牙利进行论文调研时，我原以为母语匈牙利语不成问题。但事实上，幼年习得的语言若不持续使用仍需精心准备)”可知，作者提到用母语研究时仍需仔细准备，避免文化误解。 选项E“The amunt f preparatin I had t d t be sure I didn’t miss small details r cultural cues and didn’t draw cnclusins based n inaccurate translatin, was significant, but well wrth it.(为确保不遗漏任何细微的细节或文化暗示，避免因翻译不准确而得出错误结论，我所做的准备工作虽繁重，但完全值得)”总结了深度语言使用带来的挑战与回报。故选E。
*IV. Grammar (20’)
(A)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Traditinally, Yupik families spent the spring and summer at fish camp, and then jined with thers at village sites fr the winter. Edible greens and berries ___41___ (grw) prfusely in the summer, and there are numerus birch and spruce trees in the regin. In cntrast t the Nrthern Eskims wh built igls (冰屋) fr shelter, the Yupik used trees and driftwd ___42___ (build) permanent winter hmes, separate buildings fr the men and the wmen.
The men’s cmmunal huse, the qasgiq, was the cmmunity center fr ceremnies and festivals which included singing, dancing, and strytelling. The qasgiq was used mainly in the winter mnths ___43___ peple wuld travel in family grups fllwing fd surces thrughut the spring, summer, and fall mnths. Aside frm ceremnies and festivals, it was als ___44___ the men taught the yung bys survival and hunting skills, as well as ther life lessns. The yung bys were als taught hw t make tls and qayaqs (kayaks) during the winter mnths.
The wmen’s huses, the ena, were smaller made f sd. They ___45___ (lcate) next t the gasgiq, and in sme areas they were cnnected by a tunnel. Wmen taught the yung girls hw t sew, ck, and weave. Bys wuld live with their mthers ___46___ they were abut five years ld, then they wuld live in the qasgiq. Each winter, frm anywhere between three t six weeks, the yung bys and yung girls wuld exchange, with the men teaching the girls survival and hunting skills and tlmaking and the wmen teaching the bys hw t sew and ck.
The winter building f Siberian Yupik, called yaranga, was a rund, dme-shaped building, with a framewrk made f psts. In the middle f the twentieth century, ___47___ (fllw) external influence, canvas was used t cver the framewrk. The yaranga was surrunded by sd r planking at the lwer part. There was anther smaller building ___48___ it, used fr sleeping and living. Husehld wrks were dne in the rm ___49___ (surrund) this inner building, and als many husehld utensils were stred there. At night and during winter strms the dgs were brught inside the uter part f the building.
Villages cnsisted f grups f as many as 300 persns, tied tgether by bld and marriage. Marriage culd take place _____50_____ members f the immediate village, but remained with the larger reginal grup, as the reginal grups were ften at war with each ther.
【答案】41. grw
42. t build
43. because
44. where 45. were lcated
46. until 47. fllwing
48. inside 49. surrunding
50. beynd
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Yupik家庭的传统生活方式，包括他们的居住模式、建筑特点、社会结构以及教育方式等。
【41题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：可食用的绿色蔬菜和浆果在夏季生长得十分繁茂，该地区还有大量的桦树和云杉。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词；根据并列句时态可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“Edible greens and berries”，和动词“grw”之间为主动关系。故填grw。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与建造冰屋作为住所的北部爱斯基摩人不同，Yupik人用树木和浮木建造永久性的冬季房屋，这些房屋分为供男性和女性居住的独立建筑。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词形式担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填t build。
【43题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：“qasgiq”主要在冬季使用，因为在整个春季、夏季和秋季，人们会以家庭为单位跟随食物来源四处迁徙。分析句子成分可知，空处考查原因状语从句的引导词；空后解释了上文现象的原因，用引导词“because”引导。故填because。
【44题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：除了举行仪式和节庆活动外，“qasgiq”也是男性传授小男孩生存和狩猎技能以及其他生活经验的地方。分析句子成分可知，空处考查表语从句的引导词；表语从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：它们位于“qasgiq”旁边，在一些地区，它们之间由一条隧道相连。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词；根据上下文时态可知，本句为一般过去时；主语为“they”，复数，和动词“lcate”之间为被动关系。故填were lcated。
【46题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：男孩们会和母亲一起生活，直到大约五岁，然后他们就会住进“qasgiq”。分析句子成分可知，空处考查时间状语从句的引导词，意为“直到”，用连接词“until”引导。故填until。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪中期，受到外部影响后，人们开始用帆布覆盖这个框架。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当状语；主语“canvas”和动词“fllw”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填fllwing。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：在它内部还有一个较小的建筑，用于睡觉和居住。分析句子成分可知，空处为介词形式，意为“在……内部”，用介词“inside”。故填inside。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：家务劳动在环绕着这个内部建筑的房间里进行，许多家用器具也储存在那里。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词形式担当后置定语；被修饰词“the rm”和动词“surrund”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填surrunding。
【50题详解】
考查介词。句意：婚姻可以发生在同一村庄成员之外，但仍局限于更大的区域群体内，因为不同的区域群体之间常常处于敌对状态。分析句子成分可知，空处考查介词形式；根据下文“but remained with the larger reginal grup, as the reginal grups were ften at war with each ther”可推测，婚姻也可以超越本村庄成员，用介词“beynd”。故填beynd
(B)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Peple f every culture tell each ther fairy tales and the same stry ften takes a variety f frms in different parts f the wrld. The universal appeal f these fantastical tales is frequently wed ___51___ the idea that they cntain warning messages: in the case f Little Red Riding Hd, t listen t yur mther, nt wander away frm the path, and avid talking t strangers. “It ___52___ be what we find interesting abut this stry is that it’s gt this survival-relevant infrmatin in it,” says anthrplgist Jamie Tehrani at Durham University in the UK. ___53___ his research suggests therwise. By explring hw fairy tales have changed and evlved as they spread between cultures, he believes he has discvered what truly makes them appealing.
His analysis fcused n Little Red Riding Hd in its many guises (变体), which include anther Western fairy tale knwn as The Wlf and the Kids. ___54___ (Explre) academic cllectins fr variants f these tw tales and similar stries frm Africa, East Asia and ther regins, he ended up with 58 stries recrded frm ral traditins.
First he tested sme assumptins abut which aspects f the stry change least ___55___ it evlves, indicating their imprtance. Flklrists believe that events are mre central t the stry than characters; hwever, Tehrani fund n significant difference in the rate f evlutin f events cmpared with ___56___ f characters. “Certain events are very stable because we recgnize them as being crucial t the stry but there are lts f ther details that can evlve quite freely,” he says.
Neither did his analysis supprt the thery that the middle sectin f a stry is ___57___ (cnserved) part. He fund n significant difference in the flexibility f events at the beginning, middle and end.
But the really big surprise came when he lked at the warning elements f the stry. In his analysis, such elements were just as flexible as seemingly unimprtant details. What, then, is imprtant enugh t be reprduced frm generatin t generatin?
The answer, it wuld appear, is hrrr: hrrifying aspects f the stry turned ut t be the best preserved f all. In many Eurpean versins, fr example, the wlf feeds Red Riding Hd a meal made frm the remains f her grandmther. “There’s this brilliant Italian ne ___58___ the wlf says there’s sme trtellini (意式饺子), but f curse thse are her grandmther’s ears,” says Tehrani. In East Asian variants, a grup f sisters spend the night in bed with a tiger and awake ___59___ (hear) it eating the bnes f the yungest ne. “Thse kinds f features are very cmmn in lts f versins f the stry,” says Tehrani.
Why are these details treated with such respect by generatins f strytellers, when ther features are readily substituted? Tehrani has an idea: “In an ral cntext, a stry wn’t survive because f ne great teller. It als needs t be interesting when it’s tld by smene wh’s nt necessarily a great stryteller.” Maybe dining n the remains f a relative is s fascinating that it helps the stry remain ppular, n matter hw badly it ____60____ (tell).
【答案】51. t 52. might
53. But 54. Explring
55. as 56. that
57. the mst cnserved
58. where 59. t hear
60. is tld
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了相同的童话故事在不同的文化背景下，在传播的过程中某些细节会发生变化，但会保持故事的趣味性。
【51题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些奇幻故事的普遍吸引力常常归功于它们包含警示信息的观点。固定搭配“we t...”表示“归功于……”，故填t。
【52题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：“可能是我们对这个故事感兴趣的地方在于它包含了与生存相关的信息。”表示事实上的可能性，空后是原形动词，根据句意，可能性较小，用情态动词might，故填might。
【53题详解】
考查连词。句意：但他的研究表明并非如此。根据上下文语境，前后句为转折关系，用But连接，故填But。
【54题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通过探索这两则故事的变体及来自非洲、东亚等地区的类似故事，他最终收集了58个口头传统记录的故事。此处explre作状语，主语he与explre为主动关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填Explring。
【55题详解】
考查连词。句意：首先，他测试了一些假设，即故事的哪些方面在发展过程中变化最小，从而表明它们的重要性。此处用as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……”，故填as。
【56题详解】
考查代词。句意：民俗学家认为，事件比人物更重要；然而，Tehrani发现事件与角色的演变速度没有显著差异。后由介词短语修饰，指“角色的演变速度”，用代词that，为同类异物指代。故填that。
【57题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：他的分析也不支持故事中间部分是最保守的理论。修饰名词用形容词作定语，其根据语境需用最高级，强调“最保守的”，故填the mst cnserved。
【58题详解】
考查关系副词。句意：“有一个精彩的意大利版本，狼说有一些意式饺子，但那些其实是祖母的耳朵。” 空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Italian ne（意大利版本），从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句，故填where。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在东亚版本中，一群姐妹与老虎同床共枕，醒来时听到它正在啃食最小的妹妹的骨头。awake t d sth.表示“醒来做某事”，不定式表示意料之外的结果，故填t hear。
【60题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：也许食用亲属的残骸如此引人入胜，以至于无论故事讲得多糟糕，它都能保持流行。it（指代the stry）与tell之间为被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is tld。
V. Summary Writing (10’)
61. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The quality f ur daily lives is deeply influenced by ur sleep patterns. Amng its many functins, sleep plays a particularly vital rle in cgnitive perfrmance and brain health.
Sleep is critical fr memry cnslidatin and neural maintenance. During sleep, the brain prcesses and rganizes infrmatin gathered thrughut the day, transferring shrt-term memries int lng-term strage. Research frm the Natinal Institute f Neurlgical Disrders and Strke (NINDS) reveals that deep sleep, r slw-wave sleep, is essential fr synaptic pruning—a prcess where unnecessary neural cnnectins are eliminated, while imprtant nes are strengthened. This mechanism enhances learning efficiency and prblem-slving abilities. Additinally, the glymphatic system, a waste-clearing netwrk in the brain, becmes highly active during sleep, flushing ut txins like beta-amylid, which is linked t Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, insufficient sleep disrupts these prcesses, impairing cgnitive functin and increasing the risk f neurdegenerative disrders.
Sleep is indispensable fr cgnitive health due t the sheer amunt f time humans spend sleeping ver a lifetime. The average persn sleeps fr abut ne-third f their life—apprximately 25 years r mre. Even minr sleep deficits accumulate ver time, leading t significant impacts n attentin, creativity, and emtinal regulatin. Fr instance, a study published in “Nature” fund that lsing just 1-2 hurs f sleep per night fr a week can impair cgnitive perfrmance as severely as ging withut sleep fr 24 hurs. Chrnic sleep deprivatin in early adulthd has als been linked t reduced brain vlume in regins respnsible fr decisin-making and emtinal cntrl. Given that many individuals, especially students and prfessinals, sacrifice sleep fr wrk r leisure, the lng-term cnsequences n brain health cannt be verlked. Renwned sleep researcher Dr. Matthew Walker emphasizes that sciety must priritize sleep nt as a luxury, but as a necessity. In his bk “Why We Sleep”, he argues: “Sleep is the single mst effective thing we can d t reset ur brain and bdy health each day. It is a nn-negtiable bilgical requirement, nt an ptinal lifestyle chice.” Adpting this mindset culd transfrm hw we structure ur daily rutines, ensuring that sleep is treated with the same imprtance as diet and exercise.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The passage highlights sleep patterns significantly impact daily life quality. Sleep is crucial fr cgnitive perfrmance and brain health, as it helps with memry cnslidatin, neural maintenance, and txin remval via the glymphatic system. Lack f sleep impairs cgnitive functin and raises the risk f neurdegenerative disrders. Given its imprtance, sciety shuld priritize sleep as a necessity, nt a luxury.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了睡眠对认知表现和大脑健康的重要性及其相关影响。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Sleep patterns deeply influence daily life quality.
②Sleep is crucial fr cgnitive perfrmance and brain health, aiding memry cnslidatin, neural maintenance, and txin remval.
③Insufficient sleep impairs cgnitive functin and increases neurdegenerative risks.
④Sciety shuld priritize sleep as a necessity, nt a luxury.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点作为引入，第2、3个要点进行整合，阐述睡眠的重要性和缺乏睡眠的危害，最后第4个要点作为总结。
3.遣词造句
Sleep is crucial fr cgnitive perfrmance and brain health, as it helps with memry cnslidatin, neural maintenance, and txin remval via the glymphatic system.
Lack f sleep impairs cgnitive functin and raises the risk f neurdegenerative disrders.
Given its imprtance, sciety shuld priritize sleep as a necessity, nt a luxury.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage highlights sleep patterns significantly impact daily life quality. 运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句，准确概括了原文第一段的内容。
【高分句型2】It is crucial fr cgnitive perfrmance and brain health, as it helps with memry cnslidatin, neural maintenance, and txin remval via the glymphatic system.运用了as引导的原因状语从句，准确概括了原文第二段的内容。
*VI. Translatin (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
62. 失业后，他只能勉强维持生计，通过当司机赚点小钱。(subsistence) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】After lsing his jb he culd barely earn a subsistence by wrking as a driver fr a little mney.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词和固定搭配。句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；介词after后用动名词形式作宾语，lse ne’s jb (失业)，“(他)失业后”翻译为after lsing his jb；“他”是he；“能”是culd；“勉强”用副词barely；“维持生计”翻译为earn a subsistence；“通过”用介词by；“当司机赚点小钱”翻译为wrk as a driver fr a little mney，作介词by的宾语，动词wrk用动名词形式。故整句翻译为After lsing his jb, he culd barely earn a subsistence by wrking as a driver fr a little mney.
63. 这位艺术家选择为创作自由牺牲了经济稳定，蜗居三层砖房一间小工作室里。(sacrifice) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】The artist chse t sacrifice ecnmic stability fr creative freedm, dwelling in a small studi in ne f the three-stry brick huses.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。发生在过去用一般过去时。主语“这位艺术家”为the artist；表示“选择”用动词chse t d sth.；表示“牺牲了经济稳定”可用sacrifice ecnmic stability；表示“为创作自由”为fr creative freedm；表示“蜗居三层砖房的一间小工作室里”翻译为现在分词作状语，与主语artist构成主动关系，为dwelling in a small studi in ne f the three-stry brick huses，故翻译为The artist chse t sacrifice ecnmic stability fr creative freedm, dwelling in a small studi in ne f the three-stry brick huses.
64. 正如曼德拉（Mandela）所言，“教育是最强大武器”，这一真理至今仍在激励全球推动社会公平的运动。(put) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】As Mandela put it, “Educatin is the mst pwerful weapn,” a truth that cntinues t inspire the glbal mvements fr scial justice t this day.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、定语从句及名词短语。题目要求使用put造句，可以将“正如某人所言”翻译为as sb. put(s) it；“教育是最强大武器”是个主系表结构，翻译为Educatin is the mst pwerful weapn；“这一真理”可以处理为上一句的同位语，翻译为a truth；后面紧跟定语从句继续修饰先行词truth，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中充当主语，可使用关系代词that引导从句；从句中，cntinue t d sth. (继续做某事)，“激励全球推动社会公平的运动”翻译为inspire the glbal mvements fr scial justice，“至今”翻译为t this day，讲的是客观现实，应该使用一般现在时，但是“曼德拉所言”使用一般过去时。故整句可翻译为As Mandela put it, “Educatin is the mst pwerful weapn,” a truth that cntinues t inspire the glbal mvements fr scial justice t this day.
65. 凝望着窗外攀附在老墙上的常春藤，他突然有了故事的灵感：生命纵然在废墟中也要坚守，哪怕一切看似无望。(hit) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】Staring at the ivy clinging t the ld wall utside the windw, he was suddenly hit by the inspiratin fr his stry: Life persists even in ruins, even when all seems hpeless.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。“凝望”用动词短语stare at表示；cling t (依附)和the ivy是逻辑主动关系，cling t用现在分词形式作后置定语，“攀附在老墙上的常春藤”翻译为the ivy clinging t the ld wall；“窗外”翻译为utside the windw；“凝望着窗外攀附在老墙上的常春藤”翻译为stare at the ivy clinging t the ld wall utside the windw，动词stare在句中作状语，与句子的主语he之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词staring作状语。“突然”是suddenly；be hit by (被……击中)，“他有了故事的灵感”（事情已发生用一般过去时）翻译为he was hit by the inspiratin fr his stry；“生命纵然在废墟中也要坚守”（客观事实用一般现在时）翻译为Life persists even in ruins；“哪怕一切看似无望”（客观事实用一般现在时）用副词even强调when引导的时间状语从句，翻译为even when all seems hpeless。故整句翻译为Staring at the ivy clinging t the ld wall utside the windw, he was suddenly hit by the inspiratin fr his stry: Life persists even in ruins, even when all seems hpeless.
VII. Guided Writing
66. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是某社区居民李华。最近，社区计划在小区中央的绿地上修建一个儿童游乐场，但部分居民反对，认为这会带来许多问题或争议。社区居委会决定召开居民会议讨论此事，请你写一封邮件给居委会主任，表达你的意见并提出建议。
要求：
1.说明可能存在问题或争议；
2.提出合理的解决方案并阐述理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Cmmunity Cmmittee Directr,
I am Li Hua, a resident f ur cmmunity. I am writing t share my thughts n the plan t build a children’s playgrund in the central green area.
I understand that sme residents are cncerned abut ptential issues. Fr example, the playgrund might cause nise disturbances, especially during evening hurs when children are mre active. Additinally, there culd be safety cncerns if the playgrund equipment is nt prperly maintained.
Hwever, I believe the benefits f having a playgrund utweigh these cncerns. T address the nise issue, we culd set specific perating hurs, such as frm 9 a.m. t 7 p.m., t minimize disturbances t ther residents. Regarding safety, the cmmunity culd allcate a small budget fr regular maintenance and inspectins f the playgrund equipment. This way, we can ensure a safe and enjyable envirnment fr ur children while als respecting the needs f all residents.
I hpe my suggestins can be cnsidered in the upcming meeting. Thank yu fr yur attentin t this matter.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这篇写作是一篇建议信，要求考生就在中央绿地上修建儿童游乐场一事提出自己的建议。考生要囊括题目要求的几个要点，还要补充合理细节。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
潜在的：ptential → pssible, likely
干扰：disturbances → disruptins, interferences
优先于：utweigh → exceed, surpass
预算：budget → financial plan, allcatin
2. 句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing t share my thughts n the plan t build a children’s playgrund in the central green area.
拓展句：I am writing t share my thughts n the plan, the purpse f which is t build a children’s playgrund in the central green area.
【点睛】【高级句型1】Additinally, there culd be safety cncerns if the playgrund equipment is nt prperly maintained. (if引导的条件状语从句)
【高级句型2】This way, we can ensure a safe and enjyable envirnment fr ur children while als respecting the needs f all residents. (while 引导的状语从句省略句)
A. avid
B. drift
C. regulated
D. catch
E. drive
F. disrientatin
G. implicatins
H. recharge
I. fragmented
J. alertness
K. bank
Jin a Prject
There are many pprtunities t becme a citizen scientist in natinal parks. Check ut sme park-spnsred prjects belw. Yu can find additinal prjects n external sites like SciStarter.cm and CitizenScience.gv. And if yu're accustmed t using prgrams like eBird r iNaturalist, yu can cntinue t d s in any natinal park, even n yur wn.
What can yu d as a citizen scientist in a natinal park? Mst likely yu’ll cllect data and uplad them t a database. In sme cases, yu can explre, graph, and analyze data. If the prject is new, yu may be able t make suggestins abut study design r prcedures. In all cases, yu will learn and experience real science. And yu'll d it in the places yu lve.
Acadia Natinal Park (ME)
Sundew Phenlgy Trail
Purpse: Mnitr phenlgy (seasnal timing) f trees, plants, and shrubs in castal Maine t help the park understand lng-term trends.
Activities: Use Nature's Ntebk mbile app t recrd and uplad phenlgical stages f specific plants.
Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park; spring, summer and fall every year.
Requirements: Anyne can participate, yung children shuld be supervised by adults; training is prvided.
T Participate: Grups enrll in park’s residential educatin prgramming; individuals enrll in park’s public prgrams.
Denali Natinal Park and Preserve (AK)
Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject
Purpse: Estimate the ppulatin density f snwshe hares n an annual basis.
Activities: Vlunteers cunt snwshe hare fecal pellets (粪球) at established plts within the park
Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park; June- August every year.
Requirements: Must be a teen r adult, r part f a schl/rganizatin grup; training is prvided. Vlunteers must be able t take difficult hikes in the backcuntry, spend time n hands and knees, and fllw verbal instructins.
T Participate: Email t express interest.
Hmestead Natinal Histrical Park (NE)
Black Hmesteading Prject
Purpse: Reveal the histry f Black hmesteaders wh btained titles fr abut 650,000 acres f prairie land frm the General Land Office in the 1870s-1930s.
Activities: Online vlunteers will transcribe riginal histrical dcuments int digital frmats s they can be shared with schlars and the public wrldwide.
Lcatin & Timing: Online, n time restrictins. Requirements: Stable Internet cnnectin. Open t adults, teens, and families.
T Participate: Please sign up thrugh the Federal Gvernment's vlunteer page: Vlunteer
I Opprtunity Detail
Rcky Muntain Natinal Park (CO)
Lily Lake Phenlgy Prject
Purpse: Mnitr seasnal changes (phenlgy) f plants and animals at Lily Lake t help the park understand lng-term trends.
Activities: Recrd bservatins f plants and animals using the mbile app Survey 123.
Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park, year- rund. Best pprtunities are April-Octber.
Requirements: Must be a teen r adult. N special training is required. Participants need a mbile device.
T Participate: See the prject website t dwnlad the data cllectin frm and Instructins t yur mbile device.
A. avid
B. drift
C. regulated
D. catch
E. drive
F. disrientatin
G. implicatins
H. recharge
I. fragmented
J. alertness
K. bank
Jin a Prject
There are many pprtunities t becme a citizen scientist in natinal parks. Check ut sme park-spnsred prjects belw. Yu can find additinal prjects n external sites like SciStarter.cm and CitizenScience.gv. And if yu're accustmed t using prgrams like eBird r iNaturalist, yu can cntinue t d s in any natinal park, even n yur wn.
What can yu d as a citizen scientist in a natinal park? Mst likely yu’ll cllect data and uplad them t a database. In sme cases, yu can explre, graph, and analyze data. If the prject is new, yu may be able t make suggestins abut study design r prcedures. In all cases, yu will learn and experience real science. And yu'll d it in the places yu lve.
Acadia Natinal Park (ME)
Sundew Phenlgy Trail
Purpse: Mnitr phenlgy (seasnal timing) f trees, plants, and shrubs in castal Maine t help the park understand lng-term trends.
Activities: Use Nature's Ntebk mbile app t recrd and uplad phenlgical stages f specific plants.
Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park; spring, summer and fall every year.
Requirements: Anyne can participate, yung children shuld be supervised by adults; training is prvided.
T Participate: Grups enrll in park’s residential educatin prgramming; individuals enrll in park’s public prgrams.
Denali Natinal Park and Preserve (AK)
Snwshe Hare Pellet Plt Prject
Purpse: Estimate the ppulatin density f snwshe hares n an annual basis.
Activities: Vlunteers cunt snwshe hare fecal pellets (粪球) at established plts within the park.
Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park; June- August every year.
Requirements: Must be a teen r adult, r part f a schl/rganizatin grup; training is prvided. Vlunteers must be able t take difficult hikes in the backcuntry, spend time n hands and knees, and fllw verbal instructins.
T Participate: Email t express interest.
Hmestead Natinal Histrical Park (NE)
Black Hmesteading Prject
Purpse: Reveal the histry f Black hmesteaders wh btained titles fr abut 650,000 acres f prairie land frm the General Land Office in the 1870s-1930s.
Activities: Online vlunteers will transcribe riginal histrical dcuments int digital frmats s they can be shared with schlars and the public wrldwide.
Lcatin & Timing: Online, n time restrictins. Requirements: Stable Internet cnnectin. Open t adults, teens, and families.
T Participate: Please sign up thrugh the Federal Gvernment's vlunteer page: Vlunteer
I Opprtunity Detail
Rcky Muntain Natinal Park (CO)
Lily Lake Phenlgy Prject
Purpse: Mnitr seasnal changes (phenlgy) f plants and animals at Lily Lake t help the park understand lng-term trends.
Activities: Recrd bservatins f plants and animals using the mbile app Survey 123.
Lcatin & Timing: Participate in the park, year- rund. Best pprtunities are April-Octber.
Requirements: Must be a teen r adult. N special training is required. Participants need a mbile device.
T Participate: See the prject website t dwnlad the data cllectin frm and Instructins t yur mbile device