上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（Word版附解析），共41页。

I. Grammar and Vcabulary (1*15+1*10=25分)
Sectin A
Directins: Beneath each f the fllwing sentences there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D, chse the ne answer that best cmpletes the sentence.
1. T be in agreement with the new strategy, Alice needs t ______ her team’s fcus frm traditinal marketing t digital marketing.
A. cncealB. easeC. measureD. shift
2. The basketball cach’s curse is knwn fr its ______ training, as he pushes his players t their limits t achieve maximum perfrmance.
A. humbleB. intenseC. randmD. undying
3. While cking dinner, Mm accidentally kncked ver a pt f biling sup, causing it t ______ n the kitchen flr.
A. spillB. pileC. leanD. glare
4. On the eve f the annual fundraiser, the charity rganizatin’s president decided t persnally ______ all the dnees t express their gratitude t all the dnrs and ask fr cntinued supprt.
A. call ffB. call inC. call nD. call up
5. When weighing Thmas Jeffersn’s legacy, ne must cnsider, ______, his prmtin f demcratic principles, despite his wnership f slaves.
A. nce and fr allB. in allC. after allD. abve all
6. While these measures have been helpful in reducing the recent stress in financial markets, they ______ prviding a lasting slutin t the challenges.
A. act nB. lean twardsC. fall shrt fD. give way t
7. The ______ f seasns was fund t greatly influence the reprductive cycles f a plant species, with spring and summer prmting active grwth, while autumn and winter causing inactivity.
A. prjectinB. successinC. evlutinD. cntractin
8. The past century’s struggles fr gender equality have highlighted the ______ prblem f gender discriminatin that affects many aspects f daily life.
A. cnfusingB. cnflictingC. perpetualD. financial
9. The charity, nted fr its ______ prgrams, leaned twards funding prjects aiming t reduce pverty and inequality in rural areas, ensuring the benefits reached the mst ______ cmmunities.
A. empathy-riented; charitableB. empathy-riented; established
C justice-riented; demandingD. justice-riented; needy
10. This mment is an pprtunity t build a sharper UNESCO, a UNESCO with better delivery, ______ its ambitins and in line with the needs f the 21st century.
A in tune withB. in favr fC. at dds withD. at times f
11. Dminating the list are high-incme cuntries, ______ average eclgical ftprint is nw five times that f lw-incme natins.
A. whseB. whichC. whenD. that
12. Jane ______ by intimate friends at the czy cafe, the atmsphere was relaxed as the cnversatin ______ freely amng them, filled with laughter and shared stries.
A. was surrunded; tumbledB. was surrunded; prgressed
C. surrunded; flwedD. surrunded; flated
13. It is the recent study ______ laid its stress n the impacts f climate change n marine ecsystems ______ shed light n the prmpt need fr cnservatin effrts in these vulnerable habitats.
A. that…whereB. which…thatC. where... thatD. as…where
14. With varius blssms ______, the grassland is ______ with petals.
A. emerging; catedB. rumbling; catedC. emerging; maskedD. rumbling; masked
15. It is crucial t pt fr healthier fds t maintain gd health and prevent lifestyle-related diseases,______ fast fd is tempting due t its cnvenience and taste.
A. nw thatB. even ifC. as lng asD. n matter hw
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Language f Lying
“Srry, my phne died.” “It’s nthing. I’m fine.” “I lve yu.”
We hear anywhere frm 10 t 200 lies a day, and we spent much f ur histry cming up with ways t detect them, frm medieval trture devices t plygraphs, bld-pressure and breathing mnitrs, vice-stress ____16____ and eye trackers. But althugh such tls have wrked under certain circumstances, mst can be fled with enugh preparatin, and nne are cnsidered reliable enugh t even be admissible in curt. But, what if the prblem is nt with the ____17____, but the underlying assumptin that lying brings abut physilgical changes? What if we tk a mre direct ____18____, using cmmunicatin science t analyze the lies themselves?
Psychlgically speaking, we lie partly t paint a better picture f urselves, cnnecting ur fantasies t the persn we wish we were rather than the persn we are. But while ur brain is busy dreaming, it’s letting plenty f signals ____19____ by. Our ____20____ mind nly cntrls abut 5% f ur cgnitive functin, including cmmunicatin while the ther 95% ccurs beynd ur awareness. Accrding t the literature n reality mnitring, stries based n imagined experiences are qualitatively different frm thse based n real experiences. This suggests that creating a false stry abut a persnal tpic takes wrk and results in a different pattern f language use.
A technlgy knwn as linguistic text analysis has helped t ____21____ three such cmmn patterns in the subcnscius language f deceptin.
First, liars mentin themselves less when making ____22____ statements. They write r talk mre abut thers, ften using the third persn t ____23____ themselves frm their lie, which sunds mre false: “Abslutely n party tk place at this huse,” r “Nbdy hsted a party here.”
Secnd, liars tend t be mre ____24____, because n a subcnscius level, they feel guilty abut lying. Fr example, a liar might say smething like, “Srry, my stupid phne battery died. I hate that thing.”
Third, liars tend t use lnger sentence structure, inserting irrelevant but _____25_____ sunding details in rder t pad the lie. A President cnfrnted with a scandal claimed: “I can say, categrically, that this investigatin indicates that n ne n the White Huse staff, n ne in this administratin presently emplyed was invlved in this very dd incident.”
II. Reading Cmprehensin (1*15+2*15=45分)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fit s the cntext.
When I was three, I had a very gd friend named Gemma. She was fearless where I was anxius, rebellius where I was cnservative, and ____26____ where I was awkward. She was als entirely imaginary. With Gemma’s supprt, I almst made it t the tp shelf f the bkcase befre my parents fund me — and “Gemma said it was fine!” did nt ____27____ me frm a telling-ff (责骂).
I cannt remember when r hw I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still, I d nt remember the ____28____ time I “saw” her. ____29____ my brain created her, she inspired me t g n adventures I wuld nt have had the cnfidence t embark upn withut her. It ____30____ me, then, that 72 percent f nursery wrkers believe children have fewer imaginary friends than they did five years ag, as is shwn by a recent survey. This is believed t be a result f ____31____ screen time.
It is thught that 40 percent f us at ne time r anther had imaginary friends during ur ____32____. In an essay fr Aen, writer Sphie Elmhirst fund that 81 percent f thse surveyed had “lst” their imaginary friends after they turned ten, but mst f these friendships ended ____33____. Perhaps imaginary friends simply stay with us fr as lng as we need them. They mve n when ur lives becme t ____34____ fr ur brains t make space t generate their wn entertainment.
If yu have enjyed an imaginary friendship, I wuld guess that yu did nt _____35_____ sit dwn t create a perfect pal. They prbably arrived as an indicatin f the thughts and ideas yu never knew yu had. In rder t be a gd _____36_____ t an imaginary friend, yu need t be able t make “what if?” int an exciting prpsitin. When we grw up, we are t quick t finish the sentence with “what if it ges wrng?”
Having grwn up, we might nt need ur imaginary friends anymre, but we culd still use a reminder that a little bit f bredm is gd fr us, and that ur brains can create the best ideas when they are left t their wn devices. If there are fewer imaginary friends _____37_____ the wrlds where ur children live, that might lead t a future with fewer artists, writers and prblem-slvers. This is a real cause fr _____38_____.
As an adult, I think f my fearless, invisible friend Gemma whenever I have t d smething that _____39_____ me — usually public speaking, rather than scaling a bkcase. Hwever, whenever I _____40_____ my wn expectatins and meet myself in a place that I did nt think I culd quite reach, I can hear my subcnscius whispering, “Gemma made me d it.”
26. A. adaptableB. generusC. disturbingD. skillful
27. A. benefitB. cncealC. banD. save
28. A. firstB. lastC. latestD. previus
29. A. As ifB. As lng asC. Even thughD. Given that
30. A. cnvincesB. recallsC. remindsD. saddens
31. A. easyB. decreasedC. hardD. increased
32. A. adlescenceB. adulthdC. babyhdD. childhd
33. A. accidentallyB. dramaticallyC. naturallyD. unfrtunately
34. A. secureB. instructiveC. fullD. prductive
35. A. cnsciuslyB. invisiblyC. persnallyD. realistically
36. A. bssB. cmpaninC. expertD. instructr
37. A. challengingB. limitingC. lcatingD. ppulating
38. A. bredmB. cncernC. imaginatinD. limitatin
39. A. defeatsB. encuragesC. inspiresD. scares
40. A. am shrt fB. g againstC. g beyndD. live up t
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
The HISTORY Channel series Alne drps cntestants int sme f the planet’s mst punishing envirnments with a bare minimum f clthing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, cntestants are frced t use their fitness, their curage and their creativity t becme true survivalists.
Few peple chse t be thrwn int such extreme situatins, but thse wh d have usually stumbled int sme immense bad luck. Just check ut ne f the famus real-life survival stries:
Maur Prsperi is an Italian plice fficer wh gained wrldwide fame after getting lst in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and lng-distance runner, Maur tk part in the 1994 Marathn f the Sands in Mrcc, a six-day-lng endurance race in ne f the driest and barren envirnments n the planet.
During the race, a sandstrm caused Prsperi, then 39 years ld, married and father t three children, t becme disriented. One day after ging ff track, he fund himself in an abandned Muslim temple in Algeria. In rder t survive, he killed and ate bats. Fr liquid, he was frced t drink his wn waste, lick dew ff f rcks and suck misture ut f his wet wipes.
Assuming he wuld never be fund, he cut his wrists with a pen knife frm his supplies. Hwever, it was such a dry heat that the wunds thickened and cncreted, and he was frced t g back int the desert and attempt t find help.
Fr nine days he walked thrugh the desert and ate insects and cld-blded animals. Finally, he fund a small village. Frm there he was flwn t a hspital, where dctrs said his liver had almst cmpletely failed.
Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prsperi lst 35 punds in bdy weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it tk several mnths befre he culd eat slid fd again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and cmpleted the race in 2012.
41. Prsperi have t discntinue the Marathn f the Sands because ______.
A. his supplies were running ut
B. his children didn’t want t lse him
C. he lst his way fr the bad weather
D. he culdn’t tlerate the extreme heat
42. What caused Maur Prsperi t head back t the desert fr help?
A. His intentin t heal the wund.B. His failure t take away his wn life.
C. His decreasing interest in fd surces.D. His discmfrt with the temple envirnment.
43. Accrding t the passage, what can be inferred abut Maur Prsperi’s experience?
A. He fund an alternative surce f water in a traditinal way.
B. He demnstrated the determinatin t survive all the way thrugh.
C. His stry was a prf f the wrsening relatinship between man and nature.
D. His eventual return t the race signified his persistence.
44. What is the primary purpse f the passage?
A. T entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictinal adventure stry.
B. T educate readers abut the pssible dangers f punishing envirnments.
C. T inspire readers with human’s ability t survive the extreme challenges.
D. T remind readers f the value f essential survival skills and preparedness.
B
Fit t Be Tied: Fur Cmmn Knts
Are yu ne f thse hikers wh always prefers a square knt? Here are simple, easy-t-remember alternatives that will d a better jb in fur cmmn camping settings.

45. Which f the fllwing may best match the types f knts in the numbered text descriptin (1-4)?
A. (a)(d)(b)(c)B. (a)(c)(b)(d)C. (c)(d)(a)(b)D. (c)(b)(d)(a)
46 What is the best knt t use when a wrker carries gds with a rpe repeatedly between Ind flr and 2nd flr?
A. Tight-line kntB. Truckers kntC. Clve hitchD. Bwline knt
47. Where are yu mst likely t read this article?
A. A website n backpackers.B. A leaflet n safety guidance.
C. A scientific jurnal n knts.D. A travel guide n beauty spts.
C
The recent criticisms f Taylr Swift fr her silence n the war in Gaza highlight a peculiar issue: the unrealistic expectatins we place n celebrities t be knw-alls. It’s a tpic wrth lking int.
While many are quick t urge figures like Taylr Swift t lend their vice s t critical glbal cnversatins, a cncerning pattern emerges n the flip side: celebrities navigating the dark waters f cmplex debates with limited knwledge. Take, fr instance, Billie Eilish’s fashin chice at the Oscars — a red hand pin. This wasn’t just any accessry (配饰); it’s rted in the upset histry f the 2000 cruel treatments f tw Israelis. It begs the questin: Was Eilish aware f the weighty stry this symbl carries? This mment serves as a reminder f the nuanced (微妙的， 细节的) balance celebrities must strike between being supprtive and the prfund respnsibility f using apublic platfrm.
The celebrity culture in the United States, where public figures are elevated t almst gd-like status, plays a significant rle in this phenmenn. They are seen as perfect, their pinins hly. This is nt nly unfair t the celebrities themselves, wh are, after all, nly human, but it als takes away frm the vices f actual experts n these subjects. When we priritize a celebrity’s pinin ver thse with lived experience r specialized knwledge, we d a disservice t the cmplexity f these issues.
As a sciety, we must reevaluate ur bsessin with celebrity culture and recgnize the limitatins f lking t entertainers fr guidance n cmplex issues. This desn’t mean celebrities can’t r shuldn’t speak ut n matters that affect them persnally r n which they’re well-infrmed. It’s entirely apprpriate fr Taylr Swift t publicly supprt plitical candidates in her hme cuntry. The actin stems frm persnal values and peple’s engagement, which are different frm cmmenting n internatinal cnflicts withut a deep understanding f the nuances invlved.
In advcating fr this nuanced apprach, we’re nt suggesting celebrities shuld remain silent n all matters f public cncern. Instead, we’re calling fr a shift in hw we, as the public, perceive and react t their invlvement in scial and plitical issues. By adjusting ur expectatins, we can fster a healthier, mre infrmed public discussin that priritizes substance ver the temptatin f star pwer.
Ultimately, the gal shuld be t create a mre empathetic, infrmed sciety that values expertise and genuine activism ver celebrity supprt. By encuraging public figures t use their platfrms respnsibly and directing ur attentin t where they can make a real difference, we take a step tward a mre nuanced understanding f glbal issues. This isn’t just abut relieving celebrities f undue burdens; it’s abut empwering all f us t seek ut and elevate the vices that matter mst.
48. Why is “a red hand pin” mentined in Para.2?
A. T make fun f Billie’s limited knwledge n debating.
B. T shw Billie’s unawareness f irrespnsible advcacy.
C. T speak ill f Billie’s pr taste fr fashin at the Oscars.
D. T criticize Billie fr his abuse f the public platfrm.
49. What des “this phenmenn” in Para. 3 refer t?
A. Billie’s unreasnable selectin f a red hand pin at the Oscars.
B. Celebrities’ irrespnsible pinins n critical glbal cnversatins.
C. Public’s great desire fr celebrities t cmment n key glbal issues.
D. Taylr Swift’s glden silence abut the crucial internatinal cncern.
50. Accrding t the passage, it can be inferred that ______.
A. experts tend t increase the cmplexity f the issues
B. celebrities’ vices are as imprtant as thse f experts
C. celebrities shuld air views n matters at hme and abrad
D. we shuld reassess the scial and plitical rles f celebrities
51. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f this passage?
A. Expect the UnexpectedB. Public Platfrms, Pwered Places
C. The Dwnside f Celebrity AdvcacyD. The Essence f Celebrity Respnsibility
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
The Psychlgy f Giving: Why d Peple Give t Charity?
Every day, leaders in the nnprfit sectr invest valuable time, energy, and mney int educating and spreading awareness f their missin in the hpes that this will increase supprt fr their nnprfit. They assume that if nly mre peple knew abut a schl’s budget cuts, fr example, then they wuld surely dnate! S, they bmbard (连续轰炸) ptential supprters with depressing statistics r cmplex arguments. ____52____.
Why d peple dnate t charity? While it’s true that dnrs and vlunteers are mtivated t make the wrld a better place because it’s the right thing t d, that’s nt the entire—r even the primary—reasn fr their genersity. ____53____. In ther wrds, we give because it feels gd and that gd feeling cnnects us t thers in ways that we find satisfying. While that might sund selfish, all it really means is that peple are wired t feel happy when they’re being kind.
____54____. Nbdy wants t read yet anther article abut hw the wrld is falling t pieces. Emphasize the gd that’s being dne at yur rganizatin s that yur dnrs feel empwered, nt depressed.
Since we give in part because it slidifies ur cnnectins t thers, make sure that yur cmmunicatin with yur dnrs is persnal and specific (i.e. begin crrespndence with “Dear Anna,” nt “Dear Dnr”). Priritize cmmunity by finding ways t cnnect with yur supprters n a persnal level and give them the pprtunity t interact with each ther, whether it’s thrugh a mnthly vide call r a dnr appreciatin night. ____55____.
Remember that, at base, all philanthrpic wrk is fundamentally a scial act, s aim t make yur dnrs feel like they’re a part f a brader cmmunity in which they are included, valued, and seen.
A. Research shws that the number ne mtivatr fr charitable giving is the all-t-human quest fr reward and scial attachment.
B. But this begs the questin: hw d statistics influence peple’s decisin t dnate?
C. The mre human ties yur dnrs have with yur rganizatin and with each ther, the mre cmmitted they’ll be t yur missin.
D. While statistics and figures are imprtant, make sure that yur messages t yur dnrs are upbeat and ptimistic.
E. In this way, yu are mre likely t build lng-lasting cnnectin with bth cntributrs and receivers.
F. Hwever that’s nt hw the human mind wrks.
III. Prductive Grammar(1*10=10分)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Duling: Millins Aspire t be Multilingual
Fllw the mney, fllw the language app. In 2009, Luis Ahn and his pstgraduate student Severin Hacker launched Duling, a free app with an annying green wl as its masct (吉祥物). Althugh its unique selling pint is a childish cmpetitiveness, with league tables, elabrate bxes spilling cartn jewels, and a high TikTk prfile, it ___56___(sar) ahead f its cmpetitrs ever since.
Duling nw teaches mre than 40 languages t mre than 70 millin students, 54% ___57___ are aged between 18 and 34. It has a paid-fr versin fr thse wh want t avid advertisements. ___58___ it has yet t turn a prfit, in 2019 Frbes Magazine cunted it amng the 25 next billin-dllar startups. In February this year alne, it ___59___(register) mre than 13 millin new dwnlads.
It is an early adpter f the advanced artificial intelligence mdel GPT-4, its fferings ___60___(include) lk-at-me gimmicks such as curses in Star Trek’s Klingn, but als minrity languages such as Xhsa and Navaj. The length it takes___61___(cmplete) a curse varies. Hwever, the 216 units currently available in Spanish — its___62___(ppular) language, with mre than 30 millin learners — wuld take several years f a 15-minute-a-day habit.
While few actually cmplete a curse, Duling, like its many cmpetitrs, shws that there is an aspiratin t be multilingual. Earnest academic papers have been written abut hw much these learners benefit. ___63___demnstrate that it is a useful aid in classrm teaching, while thers pint ut that it will never enable anyne t cnduct a cmplex cnversatin abut astrphysics, r get beynd the earliest stages f fluency.
Bth are right. Languages are scial cnstructs that exist t enable cmmunicatin between peple. While apps cannt replace interpersnal cnversatin r immersin in a culture, they___64___ supplement it. Their success shuld serve as a wake-up call: a reminder____65____ freign languages have a valuable rle t play in any fit-fr-purpse educatin system, as much fr persnal enrichment as fr career advantage in a netwrked wrld.
IV. Translatin (3+3+4+5=15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
66. 沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
67. 万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
68. 显而易见，没有实地调查就很难获取一手信息，匆匆得出的结论最终经不起推敲。(end up)(汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
69. 无论是给予陌生人一句赞美之词，还是为他扶一下门，小小的善举都会产生很大的影响，所以为何不把日行一善作为目标呢？(Whether) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
V. Guided Writing(20分)
70. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生李明，学校计划在每个班级组织“防灾减灾日(Disaster Preventin and Mitigatin Day)”主题班会以提高学生防灾减灾意识，普及灾难应对常识。请你给班主任写一封信提出你对该主题班会活动设计的建议，内容应包括：
1.你的建议；
2.你的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. techniques B. negative C. factual D. slip E. identify F. cnscius
G. stick H. distance I. analyzers J. apprach K. deceptive
①Bind carg t yur car
T secure a large bag t a car rf, yu need a knt that acts like a pulley (滑轮). The trucker’s knt wrks best. Start by frming an verhand lp, pulling a lp thrugh, and tightening. Next, feed the rpe’s free end arund a rf rack (架 子) r an S-hk n the frame. Pull n the wrking end t btain the desired tensin; then use a quick-release half-hitch, a type f knt, t “lck” the tensin in place (and make untying carg quick and simple).
②Attach tent guylines (拉绳)
Attached t webbing lps at key stress pints n the uter walls f tents, guylines are tied t the grund with stnes. They stabilize the tent in strng winds by keeping the fabric walls tight. When setting up yur shelter, tighten the guylines until n lse part remains in them r the tent walls. Fit the rpes with a tight-line knt, which lets yu adjust the line’s length withut untying the knt. When yu mve the knt by hand, it slides freely alng the line, but it hlds tight when the lp is tensined—s the knt hlds firm when gusts f wind pull tent walls hard.
③Lwer a pack ver a rck shelf
Sme packs feature a strng leather belt fr easy rpe-pulls—but mst require a bwline knt, which desn’t slip n matter the weight. It is very easy t untie after it’s been laded. Slide the lp arund the middle f the pack, tighten it, then lwer away. A handy recall- aiding device: The rpe’s lng end is the “tree”; the lp is the “rabbit hle”;
④Fasten a cane t shre
The clve hitch is perfect fr quickly fastening bats because it’s easy t tie, hlds fast under tensin, and releases instantly with a pull n the free end. This makes it a speedy way t fix a line t a tree. Fr extra security, add ne r tw half-hitches.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
复旦大学附属中学 2023 学年第二学期
高二年级英语期中考试卷
(考试时间： 100分钟; 满分： 115分)
I. Grammar and Vcabulary (1*15+1*10=25分)
Sectin A
Directins: Beneath each f the fllwing sentences there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D, chse the ne answer that best cmpletes the sentence.
1. T be in agreement with the new strategy, Alice needs t ______ her team’s fcus frm traditinal marketing t digital marketing.
A. cncealB. easeC. measureD. shift
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了与新战略达成一致，Alice需要将她的团队的重点从传统营销转向数字营销转移。A. cnceal隐匿；隐藏；B. ease减轻；缓解；C. measure衡量；D.shift转移。根据下文的“frm traditinal marketing t digital marketing”可知，此处表示转移重点。故选D。
2. The basketball cach’s curse is knwn fr its ______ training, as he pushes his players t their limits t achieve maximum perfrmance.
A. humbleB. intenseC. randmD. undying
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位篮球教练的课程以高强度训练而闻名，因为他会把球员推向极限，以达到最佳表现。A. humble谦卑的；B. intense十分强烈的；C. randm任意的，随机的；D. undying永恒的。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，结合句意以及下文中的“as he pushes his players t their limits t achieve maximum perfrmance.”可知，此处表示“十分强烈的”符合句意。故选B项。
3. While cking dinner, Mm accidentally kncked ver a pt f biling sup, causing it t ______ n the kitchen flr.
A. spillB. pileC. leanD. glare
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在做晚饭的时候，妈妈不小心打翻了一锅热汤，导致它洒在厨房地板上。A. spill洒出；B. pile堆积；C. lean倾斜；D. glare瞪眼。根据句意，妈妈不小心打翻了一锅热汤，应该是汤洒在了地上，所以应该选A。而B、C、D选项的意思都与题意不符。故选A。
4. On the eve f the annual fundraiser, the charity rganizatin’s president decided t persnally ______ all the dnees t express their gratitude t all the dnrs and ask fr cntinued supprt.
A. call ffB. call inC. call nD. call up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在年度筹款活动的前夕，慈善组织的主席决定亲自拜访所有的捐赠者，以表达他们对所有捐赠者的感激之情，并要求继续支持。A. call ff取消；B. call in召回；C. call n拜访； D. call up打电话。由“the charity rganizatin’s president decided t persnally”和“all the dnees t express their gratitude t all the dnrs and ask fr cntinued supprt”可知，慈善组织的主席决定亲自拜访所有的捐赠者，以表达他们对所有捐赠者的感激之情，并要求继续支持，空格处意为“拜访”，故选C。
5. When weighing Thmas Jeffersn’s legacy, ne must cnsider, ______, his prmtin f demcratic principles, despite his wnership f slaves.
A. nce and fr allB. in allC. after allD. abve all
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在衡量托马斯·杰斐逊的遗产时，一个人必须考虑，首要的是，他对民主原则的推动，尽管他拥有奴隶。A. nce and fr all 一劳永逸；B. in all 总共；C. after all 毕竟；D. abve all 首要的是。根据句意，此处需要一个表示“首先”的词语，故选D。
6. While these measures have been helpful in reducing the recent stress in financial markets, they ______ prviding a lasting slutin t the challenges.
A. act nB. lean twardsC. fall shrt fD. give way t
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然这些措施有助于减轻金融市场最近的压力，但它们无法为这些挑战提供持久的解决方案。A. act n对……起作用；B. lean twards倾向；C. fall shrt f辜负、达不到；D. give way t让位给。由“While these measures have been helpful in reducing the recent stress in financial markets”和“prviding a lasting slutin t the challenges”可知，句子表示“虽然这些措施有助于减轻金融市场最近的压力，但它们无法为这些挑战提供持久的解决方案”，空格处意为“达不到”，故选C。
7. The ______ f seasns was fund t greatly influence the reprductive cycles f a plant species, with spring and summer prmting active grwth, while autumn and winter causing inactivity.
A. prjectinB. successinC. evlutinD. cntractin
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：季节的更替对植物的繁殖周期有很大的影响，春季和夏季促进植物的活跃生长，而秋季和冬季则导致植物的不活跃生长。A. prjectin估算；B. successin交替，继承；C. evlutin进化，演变；D. cntractin收缩。根据后文“f seasns was fund t greatly influence the reprductive cycles f a plant species”指季节的更替对植物的繁殖周期有很大的影响，故选B。
8. The past century’s struggles fr gender equality have highlighted the ______ prblem f gender discriminatin that affects many aspects f daily life.
A. cnfusingB. cnflictingC. perpetualD. financial
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去一个世纪争取性别平等的斗争凸显了影响日常生活许多方面的长期的性别歧视问题。A. cnfusing令人困惑的；B. cnflicting冲突的；C. perpetual长期的；D. financial金融的。由“The past century’s struggles fr gender equality”可知，性别歧视问题是长期的问题，空格处意为“长期的”。故选C。
9. The charity, nted fr its ______ prgrams, leaned twards funding prjects aiming t reduce pverty and inequality in rural areas, ensuring the benefits reached the mst ______ cmmunities.
A. empathy-riented; charitableB. empathy-riented; established
C. justice-riented; demandingD. justice-riented; needy
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该慈善机构以其以正义为导向的项目而闻名，它倾向于资助旨在减少农村地区贫困和不平等的项目，确保最贫困的社区受益。A. empathy-riented以同情为导向；charitable慈善的；B. empathy-riented以同情为导向；established确立已久的；C. justice-riented以正义为导向；demanding苛刻的；D. justice-riented以正义为导向；needy贫困的。分析句子结构可知，第一空为形容词作定语修饰名词prgrams，结合句意以及下文中的“funding prjects aiming t reduce pverty and inequality in rural areas”可知，此处指的是该慈善组织以“正义为导向”符合语境，所以使用justice-riented；第二空为形容词作定语修饰名词cmmunities，结合句意以及上文中的“reduce pverty”可知，此处表示“贫困的”符合语境，所以应使用形容词needy。故选D项。
10. This mment is an pprtunity t build a sharper UNESCO, a UNESCO with better delivery, ______ its ambitins and in line with the needs f the 21st century.
A. in tune withB. in favr fC. at dds withD. at times f
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这一时刻是一个机会，可以建设一个更加敏锐的教科文组织，一个符合其雄心壮志和21世纪需求的更好的教科文组织。A. in tune with与……一致，符合……的调子或步调；B. in favr f支持；C. at dds with有分歧；D. at times f在……的时候。根据后文“its ambitins and in line with the needs f the 21st century”指符合其雄心壮志和21世纪需求的更好的教科文组织。故选A。
11. Dminating the list are high-incme cuntries, ______ average eclgical ftprint is nw five times that f lw-incme natins.
A. whseB. whichC. whenD. that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在榜单上占主导地位的是高收入国家，它们的平均生态足迹现在是低收入国家的五倍。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词high-incme cuntries作补充说明，先行词在从句中作定语，和average eclgical ftprint之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whse作引导词。故选A。
12. Jane ______ by intimate friends at the czy cafe, the atmsphere was relaxed as the cnversatin ______ freely amng them, filled with laughter and shared stries.
A. was surrunded; tumbledB. was surrunded; prgressed
C. surrunded; flwedD. surrunded; flated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构和动词词义辨析。句意：简被亲密的朋友包围在舒适的咖啡馆里，气氛很轻松，他们之间的谈话很自由，充满了笑声和分享的故事。A. tumbled跌倒，摔倒；B. prgressed前进；C. flwed（谈话、文体等）流畅；D. flated飘荡。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语，第一空和逻辑主语Jane构成独立主格结构，作状语，结合“by intimate friends at the czy cafe”可知，surrund“包围”和Jane逻辑上是被动关系，应用surrund的过去分词形式，表被动意义；第二空作as引导的状语从句的谓语，结合“freely amng them”可知，描述the cnversatin应用动词flwed，说明谈话很流畅。故选C。
13. It is the recent study ______ laid its stress n the impacts f climate change n marine ecsystems ______ shed light n the prmpt need fr cnservatin effrts in these vulnerable habitats.
A that…whereB. which…thatC. where... thatD. as…where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是最近这项强调气候变化对海洋生态系统影响的研究，揭示了在这些脆弱栖息地中急需保护工作的紧迫性。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the recent study，在从句作主语，指物，故排除C、D选项；第二空为强调句：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/wh + 其他部分，被强调部分为主语the recent study ______ laid its stress n the impacts f climate change n marine ecsystems，应用that。故选B。
14. With varius blssms ______, the grassland is ______ with petals.
A. emerging; catedB. rumbling; catedC. emerging; maskedD. rumbling; masked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着各种花朵的绽放，草原被花瓣覆盖。第一空中emerging表示“出现”，rumbling表示“隆隆作响”，不符合语境，故排除B、D选项；第二空短语be cated with表示“用...包上的,表面镀...的”；be masked with表示“被遮盖”，用于描述某物被另一物完全或部分地遮挡住，使得其外观或特征变得不明显，而这里描述的是花瓣“包”住了草地，所以用 cated 更为合适。故选A。
15. It is crucial t pt fr healthier fds t maintain gd health and prevent lifestyle-related diseases,______ fast fd is tempting due t its cnvenience and taste.
A. nw thatB. even ifC. as lng asD. n matter hw
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词的用法。句意：尽管快餐因其便利和口感诱人，但选择更健康的食物对于保持良好的健康和预防与生活方式相关的疾病至关重要。A. nw that既然；B. even if即使；C. as lng as只要；D. n matter hw无论如何。根据句意，此处需要一个表示让步的连词，即使快餐因其便利和口感诱人，也要选择更健康的食物，故选B。
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Language f Lying
“Srry, my phne died.” “It’s nthing. I’m fine.” “I lve yu.”
We hear anywhere frm 10 t 200 lies a day, and we spent much f ur histry cming up with ways t detect them, frm medieval trture devices t plygraphs, bld-pressure and breathing mnitrs, vice-stress ____16____ and eye trackers. But althugh such tls have wrked under certain circumstances, mst can be fled with enugh preparatin, and nne are cnsidered reliable enugh t even be admissible in curt. But, what if the prblem is nt with the ____17____, but the underlying assumptin that lying brings abut physilgical changes? What if we tk a mre direct ____18____, using cmmunicatin science t analyze the lies themselves?
Psychlgically speaking, we lie partly t paint a better picture f urselves, cnnecting ur fantasies t the persn we wish we were rather than the persn we are. But while ur brain is busy dreaming, it’s letting plenty f signals ____19____ by. Our ____20____ mind nly cntrls abut 5% f ur cgnitive functin, including cmmunicatin while the ther 95% ccurs beynd ur awareness. Accrding t the literature n reality mnitring, stries based n imagined experiences are qualitatively different frm thse based n real experiences. This suggests that creating a false stry abut a persnal tpic takes wrk and results in a different pattern f language use.
A technlgy knwn as linguistic text analysis has helped t ____21____ three such cmmn patterns in the subcnscius language f deceptin.
First, liars mentin themselves less when making ____22____ statements. They write r talk mre abut thers, ften using the third persn t ____23____ themselves frm their lie, which sunds mre false: “Abslutely n party tk place at this huse,” r “Nbdy hsted a party here.”
Secnd, liars tend t be mre ____24____, because n a subcnscius level, they feel guilty abut lying. Fr example, a liar might say smething like, “Srry, my stupid phne battery died. I hate that thing.”
Third, liars tend t use lnger sentence structure, inserting irrelevant but _____25_____ sunding details in rder t pad the lie. A President cnfrnted with a scandal claimed: “I can say, categrically, that this investigatin indicates that n ne n the White Huse staff, n ne in this administratin presently emplyed was invlved in this very dd incident.”
【答案】16. I 17. A
18. J 19. D
20. F 21. E
22. K 23. H
24. B 25. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出我们每天都会听到谎言，分析了说谎的原因并介绍了一种被称为语言文本分析的技术，这种技术已经帮助识别了潜意识中欺骗语言的三种常见模式。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们每天听到的谎言从10到200个不等，我们花了很长时间来想出检测谎言的方法，从中世纪的刑具到测谎仪、血压和呼吸监测仪、语音压力分析仪和眼动仪。根据上文“frm medieval trture devices t plygraphs, bld-pressure and breathing mnitrs”及后面“eye trackers”可知，该空需要一个表示测谎设备名词作宾语与mnitrs和trackers并列，由此可知名词analyzers意为“分析者；分析仪”，符合句意。故选I项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，如果问题不在于技术，而在于说谎会带来生理变化这一潜在假设呢？ 该空需要一个名词作宾语，上文中“such tls”指的是中世纪的刑具到测谎仪、血压和呼吸监测仪、语音压力分析仪和眼动仪这些都是用科技手段测谎，而这里问假如测谎的关键问题不是技术问题呢， techniques“技术”为名词，符合句意。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果我们采用一种更直接的方法，用传播科学来分析谎言本身呢？该空需要一个名词作宾语，根据下文的举例“using cmmunicatin science t analyze the lies themselves?”可知，此处在建议一种新的测谎的方法。名词apprach意为“方法，方式”符合句意。故选J项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：但是，当我们的大脑忙于做梦时，它会让大量的信号溜走。该空需要一个动词作了let的宾语的补足语，动词短语slip by意为“溜走”符合句意。故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们的意识只控制了5%的认知功能，包括交流，而另外95%的发生在我们意识之外。该空需要一个形容词作定语；根据下文“while the ther 95%ccurs beynd ur awareness.”可知，形容词cnscius意为“有意识的”与beynd ur awareness(意识之外)相对应，符合句意。故选F项。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：一种被称为语言文本分析的技术已经帮助识别了潜意识中欺骗语言的三种常见模式。该空需要一个动词，help t d。根据第二段“We hear anywhere frm 10 t 200 lies a day, and we spent much f ur histry cming up with ways t detect them…”可知，本文是在探讨检测谎言的方法，此处介绍了一种新的识别谎言的手段，动词identify意为“鉴别，识别”与detect意思相近，符合句意。故选E项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：首先，说谎者在做欺骗性陈述时很少提及自己。该空需要一个形容词作定语，这里指撒谎者说谎言的时候的表现，形容词deceptive“具有欺骗性的”符合句意并与下一句中的false呼应。故选K项。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们写的或说的更多的是关于别人的事情，经常用第三人称来与自己的谎言拉开距离，而这些谎言听起来更假：“绝对没有在这所房子里举行派对，”或“没有人在这里举办派对。”这里在分析撒谎者说谎时总是用第三人称而不提到自己的目的，应该是把自己和谎言描述的事情撇清关系。distance可作动词意为“使远离，疏远”符合句意。故选H项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其次，说谎者往往更消极，因为在潜意识层面上，他们对撒谎感到内疚。该空需要一个形容词作表语，根据下文“they feel guilty abut lying”，人在撒谎并且内心愧疚时，应该是情绪状态不很好。形容词negative意为“消极的”符合句意。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：第三，说谎者倾向于使用较长的句子结构，插入不相关但听起来真实的细节来充实谎言。该空需要一个形容词，与but前的形容词irrelevant意思应该是相反的，形容词factual“真实的”符合句意。故选C项。
II. Reading Cmprehensin (1*15+2*15=45分)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fit s the cntext.
When I was three, I had a very gd friend named Gemma. She was fearless where I was anxius, rebellius where I was cnservative, and ____26____ where I was awkward. She was als entirely imaginary. With Gemma’s supprt, I almst made it t the tp shelf f the bkcase befre my parents fund me — and “Gemma said it was fine!” did nt ____27____ me frm a telling-ff (责骂).
I cannt remember when r hw I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still, I d nt remember the ____28____ time I “saw” her. ____29____ my brain created her, she inspired me t g n adventures I wuld nt have had the cnfidence t embark upn withut her. It ____30____ me, then, that 72 percent f nursery wrkers believe children have fewer imaginary friends than they did five years ag, as is shwn by a recent survey. This is believed t be a result f ____31____ screen time.
It is thught that 40 percent f us at ne time r anther had imaginary friends during ur ____32____. In an essay fr Aen, writer Sphie Elmhirst fund that 81 percent f thse surveyed had “lst” their imaginary friends after they turned ten, but mst f these friendships ended ____33____. Perhaps imaginary friends simply stay with us fr as lng as we need them. They mve n when ur lives becme t ____34____ fr ur brains t make space t generate their wn entertainment.
If yu have enjyed an imaginary friendship, I wuld guess that yu did nt _____35_____ sit dwn t create a perfect pal. They prbably arrived as an indicatin f the thughts and ideas yu never knew yu had. In rder t be a gd _____36_____ t an imaginary friend, yu need t be able t make “what if?” int an exciting prpsitin. When we grw up, we are t quick t finish the sentence with “what if it ges wrng?”
Having grwn up, we might nt need ur imaginary friends anymre, but we culd still use a reminder that a little bit f bredm is gd fr us, and that ur brains can create the best ideas when they are left t their wn devices. If there are fewer imaginary friends _____37_____ the wrlds where ur children live, that might lead t a future with fewer artists, writers and prblem-slvers. This is a real cause fr _____38_____.
As an adult, I think f my fearless, invisible friend Gemma whenever I have t d smething that _____39_____ me — usually public speaking, rather than scaling a bkcase. Hwever, whenever I _____40_____ my wn expectatins and meet myself in a place that I did nt think I culd quite reach, I can hear my subcnscius whispering, “Gemma made me d it.”
26. A. adaptableB. generusC. disturbingD. skillful
27. A. benefitB. cncealC. banD. save
28. A. firstB. lastC. latestD. previus
29. A. As ifB. As lng asC. Even thughD. Given that
30. A. cnvincesB. recallsC. remindsD. saddens
31. A. easyB. decreasedC. hardD. increased
32. A. adlescenceB. adulthdC. babyhdD. childhd
33. A. accidentallyB. dramaticallyC. naturallyD. unfrtunately
34. A. secureB. instructiveC. fullD. prductive
35. A. cnsciuslyB. invisiblyC. persnallyD. realistically
36. A. bssB. cmpaninC. expertD. instructr
37. A. challengingB. limitingC. lcatingD. ppulating
38. A. bredmB. cncernC. imaginatinD. limitatin
39. A. defeatsB. encuragesC. inspiresD. scares
40. A. am shrt fB. g againstC. g beyndD. live up t
【答案】26 D 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过回忆与童年时期想象中的朋友Gemma的种种互动，突出了她对自己勇敢、探索等精神的影响，以及对自己自信心的培养。然而，作者也指出了调查显示的现实情况：越来越多的孩子缺乏想象中的朋友，部分原因是屏幕时间的增加。作者认为想象中的朋友可能是孩子们生活中的一种调剂，在他们需要时出现，但随着生活变得更加忙碌和充实，这种友谊也逐渐消失。作者提醒读者想象中的朋友对孩子很重要，因为这有助于创造出最好的想法。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我焦虑，她无所畏惧；我保守，她叛逆；我笨拙，她技艺娴熟。A. adaptable适应性强的；B. generus慷慨的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. skillful熟练的。根据上文“She was fearless where I was anxius, rebellius where I was cnservative”可知，Gemma和作者的性格特征是相反的，再结合“where I was awkward”可推知，和“笨拙”相对的应该是skillful“熟练的”。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Gemma的支持下，在我父母发现我之前，我几乎爬到了书架的顶层——“Gemma说没问题！”也没能使我免于挨骂。A. benefit使受益；B. cnceal隐瞒；C. ban禁止；D. save避免。根据上文“I almst made it t the tp shelf f the bkcase befre my parents fund me”可知，小时候的作者很大胆地爬到了书架的顶层，这是危险的行为，由此推知，“Gemma说没问题！”这句话没能使作者免于挨骂，固定短语save sb. frm sth.表示“使某人免于某事”。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查序数词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我不记得我是什么时候、怎样“遇见”Gemma的，也许更可悲的是，我不记得我最后一次“见到”她是什么时候。A. first第一的；B. last最后的；C. latest最新的；D. previus之前的。根据上文“I cannt remember when r hw I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still”可知，此处描述比不记得是什么时候、怎样“遇见”Gemma的状况还可悲的情形，结合“time I “saw” her”可推知，这种情形是不记得最后一次“见到”她是什么时候。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：尽管我的大脑创造了她，但她激励我去冒险，如果没有她，我是没有信心开始的。A. As if仿佛；B. As lng as只要；C. Even thugh尽管；D. Given that鉴于。“my brain created her”表示作者的大脑创造了她，“she inspired me t g n adventures I wuld nt have had the cnfidence t embark upn withut her”表示她激励作者去冒险，如果没有她，作者是没有信心开始的，即Gemma让作者受益良多，前后有让步关系，应用Even thugh“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查显示，72%的托儿所工作人员认为孩子们的想象中的朋友比五年前少了，这让我很难过。A. cnvinces说服；B. recalls回忆；C. reminds提醒；D. saddens使难过。根据下文“that 72 percent f nursery wrkers believe children have fewer imaginary friends than they did five years ag”可知，72%的托儿所工作人员认为孩子们的想象中的朋友比五年前少了，结合上文描述的作者从Gemma那里学到很多可推知，这一调查结果让作者很难过。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这被认为是由于屏幕时间增加。A. easy容易的；B. decreased减少的；C. hard困难的；D. increased增加的。根据下文“screen time”和生活常识可推知，当今时代屏幕时间增加，孩子们会沉浸在屏幕世界中，因此想象中的朋友会减少。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据信，40%的人在童年时期都有过想象中的朋友。A. adlescence青春期；B. adulthd成年；C. babyhd婴儿期；D. childhd童年。根据下文“In an essay fr Aen, writer Sphie Elmhirst fund that 81 percent f thse surveyed had “lst” their imaginary friends after they turned ten”可知，81%的受访者在10岁后“失去”了他们想象中的朋友，因此是在童年时期有过想象中的朋友。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：作家Sphie Elmhirst在为Aen杂志撰写的一篇文章中发现，81%的受访者在10岁后“失去”了他们想象中的朋友，但这些友谊大多数都是自然结束的。A. accidentally意外地；B. dramatically戏剧性地；C. naturally自然地；D. unfrtunately不幸地。根据上文“writer Sphie Elmhirst fund that 81 percent f thse surveyed had “lst” their imaginary friends after they turned ten”和表示转折意义的“but”可推知，虽然大多数孩子会在10岁后“失去”了他们想象中的朋友，但这种结束是自然发生的。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们的生活变得过于充实，我们的大脑无法腾出空间来产生自己的娱乐时，他们就会离开。A. secure安全的；B. instructive有教育意义的；C. full充实的；D. prductive富有成效的。根据下文“fr ur brains t make space t generate their wn entertainment”和生活常识可推知，当我们长大，生活变得过于充实，我们的大脑会没有空间留给这些想象中的朋友。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你享受过一段想象中的友谊，我猜你并没有有意识地坐下来创造一个完美的朋友。A. cnsciusly有意识地；B. invisibly看不见地；C. persnally个人地；D. realistically现实地。根据下文“They prbably arrived as an indicatin f the thughts and ideas yu never knew yu had.”可知，这些想象中的朋友是我们从未意识到自己有过的想法和主意的象征，因此此处指并没有有意识地坐下来创造一个完美的朋友。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了成为想象中的朋友的好伴侣，你需要能够把“如果……会怎么样？”变成一个令人兴奋的命题。A. bss老板；B. cmpanin伴侣；C. expert专家；D. instructr教练。根据这是谈论和想象中的朋友相处的情境，以及下文“yu need t be able t make “what if?” int an exciting prpsitin”可推知，此处介绍通过拓展令人兴奋的命题来成为想象中的朋友的好伴侣。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果在我们孩子生活的世界里，想象中的朋友越来越少，这可能会导致未来艺术家、作家和问题解决者越来越少。A. challenging挑战；B. limiting限制；C. lcating定位；D. ppulating居住于，生活于。根据上文“my brain created her”可知，我们的大脑创造出想象中的朋友，因此此处指生活在孩子世界里的想象中的朋友越来越少。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实值得关注。A. bredm无聊；B. cncern关注；C. imaginatin想象力；D. limitatin限制。根据上文“that might lead t a future with fewer artists, writers and prblem-slvers”可知，如果想象中的朋友越来越少，未来艺术家、作家和问题解决者会越来越少，这是不好的情况，因此这非常值得关注。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个成年人，每当我不得不做一些让我害怕的事情时，我就会想到我无畏的、隐形的朋友Gemma——通常是公开演讲，而不是爬上书架。A. defeats打败；B. encurages鼓励；C. inspires鼓舞；D. scares使害怕。根据上文“She was fearless where I was anxius, rebellius where I was cnservative”可知，作者的性格是焦虑的、保守的，再结合下文“usually public speaking”可知，公开演讲这样的事会让作者害怕。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词短语和动词短语辨析。句意：然而，每当我超越自己期望，在一个我认为自己无法到达的地方遇见自己时，我就能听到我的潜意识在低语：“Gemma让我做到的。”A. am shrt f缺乏；B. g against违背；C. g beynd超越；D. live up t达到。根据下文“meet myself in a place that I did nt think I culd quite reach”可知，作者在一个认为自己无法到达的地方遇见自己，因此是超越自己的期望。故选C。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
The HISTORY Channel series Alne drps cntestants int sme f the planet’s mst punishing envirnments, with a bare minimum f clthing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, cntestants are frced t use their fitness, their curage and their creativity t becme true survivalists.
Few peple chse t be thrwn int such extreme situatins, but thse wh d have usually stumbled int sme immense bad luck. Just check ut ne f the famus real-life survival stries:
Maur Prsperi is an Italian plice fficer wh gained wrldwide fame after getting lst in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and lng-distance runner, Maur tk part in the 1994 Marathn f the Sands in Mrcc, a six-day-lng endurance race in ne f the driest and barren envirnments n the planet.
During the race, a sandstrm caused Prsperi, then 39 years ld, married and father t three children, t becme disriented. One day after ging ff track, he fund himself in an abandned Muslim temple in Algeria. In rder t survive, he killed and ate bats. Fr liquid, he was frced t drink his wn waste, lick dew ff f rcks and suck misture ut f his wet wipes.
Assuming he wuld never be fund, he cut his wrists with a pen knife frm his supplies. Hwever, it was such a dry heat that the wunds thickened and cncreted, and he was frced t g back int the desert and attempt t find help.
Fr nine days he walked thrugh the desert and ate insects and cld-blded animals. Finally, he fund a small village. Frm there he was flwn t a hspital, where dctrs said his liver had almst cmpletely failed.
Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prsperi lst 35 punds in bdy weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it tk several mnths befre he culd eat slid fd again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and cmpleted the race in 2012.
41. Prsperi have t discntinue the Marathn f the Sands because ______.
A. his supplies were running ut
B. his children didn’t want t lse him
C. he lst his way fr the bad weather
D. he culdn’t tlerate the extreme heat
42. What caused Maur Prsperi t head back t the desert fr help?
A. His intentin t heal the wund.B. His failure t take away his wn life.
C. His decreasing interest in fd surces.D. His discmfrt with the temple envirnment.
43. Accrding t the passage, what can be inferred abut Maur Prsperi’s experience?
A. He fund an alternative surce f water in a traditinal way.
B. He demnstrated the determinatin t survive all the way thrugh.
C. His stry was a prf f the wrsening relatinship between man and nature.
D. His eventual return t the race signified his persistence.
44. What is the primary purpse f the passage?
A. T entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictinal adventure stry.
B. T educate readers abut the pssible dangers f punishing envirnments.
C. T inspire readers with human’s ability t survive the extreme challenges.
D. T remind readers f the value f essential survival skills and preparedness.
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了普洛斯彼里在沙漠中与大自然斗争，凭借他的健康、勇气和创造力，最后幸存下来的故事。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“During the race, a sandstrm caused Prsperi, then 39 years ld, married and father t three children, t becme disriented. One day after ging ff track, he fund himself in an abandned Muslim temple in Algeria.（在比赛期间，一场沙尘暴使当时39岁、已婚并有三个孩子的普洛斯彼里迷失了方向。在偏离赛道后的一天，他发现自己来到了阿尔及利亚一座废弃的穆斯林寺庙。）”可知，普洛斯彼里不得不停止马拉松，是因为恶劣的天气使他迷路了。故选C项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Assuming he wuld never be fund, he cut his wrists with a pen knife frm his supplies. Hwever, it was such a dry heat that the wunds thickened and cncreted, and he was frced t g back int the desert and attempt t find help.（他以为再也找不到他了，就从他的用品里拿了把钢笔刀割腕。然而，天气太热了，伤口变厚凝结，他被迫回到沙漠，试图寻求帮助。）”可知，普洛斯彼里回到沙漠寻求帮助是因为他没能结束自己的生命。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prsperi lst 35 punds in bdy weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it tk several mnths befre he culd eat slid fd again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and cmpleted the race in 2012.（在总共旅行了180英里之后，普洛斯彼里在沙漠中遭受了严重的痛苦，体重减轻了35磅；过了好几个月他才又能吃固体食物了。但他仍然是一个热情的跑步者，甚至在2012年回来完成了比赛。）”可以推论出，普洛斯彼里是一个坚持不懈的人。故选D项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“In their battle against the elements, cntestants are frced t use their fitness, their curage and their creativity t becme true survivalists.（在与大自然的斗争中，选手们被迫使用他们的健康、勇气和创造力，成为真正的生存主义者。）”和普洛斯彼里的故事可以推论出，本文的目的是通过人类在极端挑战中生存的能力来激励读者。故选C项。
B
Fit t Be Tied: Fur Cmmn Knts
Are yu ne f thse hikers wh always prefers a square knt? Here are simple, easy-t-remember alternatives that will d a better jb in fur cmmn camping settings.

45. Which f the fllwing may best match the types f knts in the numbered text descriptin (1-4)?
A. (a)(d)(b)(c)B. (a)(c)(b)(d)C. (c)(d)(a)(b)D. (c)(b)(d)(a)
46. What is the best knt t use when a wrker carries gds with a rpe repeatedly between Ind flr and 2nd flr?
A. Tight-line kntB. Truckers kntC. Clve hitchD. Bwline knt
47. Where are yu mst likely t read this article?
A. A website n backpackers.B. A leaflet n safety guidance.
C. A scientific jurnal n knts.D. A travel guide n beauty spts.
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍是四种打绳结的方式及它们的用途。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据“①Bind carg t yur car”部分的句子“T secure a large bag t a car rf, yu need a knt that acts like a pulley(滑轮). The trucker’s knt wrks best. Start by frming an verhand lp, pulling a lp thrugh, and tightening. Next, feed the rpe’s free end arund a rf rack(架 子) r an S-hk n the frame.（为了将一个大袋子固定在车顶上，你需要一个像滑轮一样的结。卡车司机打结效果最好。首先形成一个上手环，拉一个环，然后收紧。接下来，将绳子的自由端缠在车顶架或车架的S钩上。）”可知，第一种绳结和图c是对应的。根据“②Attach tent guylines(拉绳)”部分的句子“Attached t webbing lps at key stress pints n the uter walls f tents, guylines are tied t the grund with stnes.（在帐篷外墙上的关键受力点处系上织带，用石头将绳系在地面上。）”和“Fit the rpes with a tight-line knt, which lets yu adjust the line’s length withut untying the knt. When yu mve the knt by hand, it slides freely alng the line, but it hlds tight when the lp is tensined—s the knt hlds firm when gusts f wind pull tent walls hard.（在绳子上打一个紧绳结，这样你就可以在不解开绳结的情况下调整绳子的长度。当你用手移动绳结时，绳结会沿着绳子自由地滑动，但当绳结被拉紧时，绳结会紧紧地固定住——所以当阵风把帐篷的墙壁拉得很硬时，绳结也会牢牢地固定住。）”可知，第二种绳结和图d是对应的。根据“③Lwer a pack ver a rck shelf”部分的句子“Sme packs feature a strng leather belt fr easy rpe-pulls—but mst require a bwline knt, which desn’t slip n matter the weight. It is very easy t untie after it’s been laded. Slide the lp arund the middle f the pack, tighten it, then lwer away. A handy recall- aiding device: The rpe’s lng end is the “tree”; the lp is the “rabbit hle”（ 有些背包的特点是有结实的皮带，便于拉绳，但大多数背包需要打一个蝴蝶结，这样无论重量多大都不会打滑。装好后很容易解开。将环绕在背包的中间，拧紧，然后放低。一个方便的循环辅助装置:绳子的长端是“树”；这个环就是“兔子洞”。）”可知，第三种绳结和图a对应。根据“④Fasten a cane t shre”部分的句子“The clve hitch is perfect fr quickly fastening bats because it’s easy t tie, hlds fast under tensin, and releases instantly with a pull n the free end. This makes it a speedy way t fix a line t a tree. Fr extra security, add ne r tw half-hitches.（丁香结非常适合快速系紧船只，因为它很容易系，在紧张的情况下保持牢固，并且在自由端拉动时立即释放。这使得它成为一种快速的方法来固定一条线到树上。为了额外的安全，增加一个或两个半结。）”可知，第四种绳结和图b对应。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据“③Lwer a pack ver a rck shelf”部分的句子“It is very easy t untie after it’s been laded. Slide the lp arund the middle f the pack, tighten it, then lwer away. A handy recall- aiding device: The rpe’s lng end is the “tree”; the lp is the “rabbit hle”（装好后很容易解开。将环绕在背包的中间，拧紧，然后放低。一个方便的循环辅助装置:绳子的长端是“树”;这个循环就是“兔子洞”。）”可知，第三种绳结Bwline knt适合工人用绳子在1楼和2楼之间反复搬运货物时使用。故选D项。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍的是四种绳结的打法和它们的用途，所以，这篇文章最可能出现在关于绳结的科学杂志上。故选C项。
C
The recent criticisms f Taylr Swift fr her silence n the war in Gaza highlight a peculiar issue: the unrealistic expectatins we place n celebrities t be knw-alls. It’s a tpic wrth lking int.
While many are quick t urge figures like Taylr Swift t lend their vice s t critical glbal cnversatins, a cncerning pattern emerges n the flip side: celebrities navigating the dark waters f cmplex debates with limited knwledge. Take, fr instance, Billie Eilish’s fashin chice at the Oscars — a red hand pin. This wasn’t just any accessry (配饰); it’s rted in the upset histry f the 2000 cruel treatments f tw Israelis. It begs the questin: Was Eilish aware f the weighty stry this symbl carries? This mment serves as a reminder f the nuanced (微妙的， 细节的) balance celebrities must strike between being supprtive and the prfund respnsibility f using apublic platfrm.
The celebrity culture in the United States, where public figures are elevated t almst gd-like status, plays a significant rle in this phenmenn. They are seen as perfect, their pinins hly. This is nt nly unfair t the celebrities themselves, wh are, after all, nly human, but it als takes away frm the vices f actual experts n these subjects. When we priritize a celebrity’s pinin ver thse with lived experience r specialized knwledge, we d a disservice t the cmplexity f these issues.
As a sciety, we must reevaluate ur bsessin with celebrity culture and recgnize the limitatins f lking t entertainers fr guidance n cmplex issues. This desn’t mean celebrities can’t r shuldn’t speak ut n matters that affect them persnally r n which they’re well-infrmed. It’s entirely apprpriate fr Taylr Swift t publicly supprt plitical candidates in her hme cuntry. The actin stems frm persnal values and peple’s engagement, which are different frm cmmenting n internatinal cnflicts withut a deep understanding f the nuances invlved.
In advcating fr this nuanced apprach, we’re nt suggesting celebrities shuld remain silent n all matters f public cncern. Instead, we’re calling fr a shift in hw we, as the public, perceive and react t their invlvement in scial and plitical issues. By adjusting ur expectatins, we can fster a healthier, mre infrmed public discussin that priritizes substance ver the temptatin f star pwer.
Ultimately, the gal shuld be t create a mre empathetic, infrmed sciety that values expertise and genuine activism ver celebrity supprt. By encuraging public figures t use their platfrms respnsibly and directing ur attentin t where they can make a real difference, we take a step tward a mre nuanced understanding f glbal issues. This isn’t just abut relieving celebrities f undue burdens; it’s abut empwering all f us t seek ut and elevate the vices that matter mst.
48. Why is “a red hand pin” mentined in Para.2?
A. T make fun f Billie’s limited knwledge n debating.
B. T shw Billie’s unawareness f irrespnsible advcacy.
C. T speak ill f Billie’s pr taste fr fashin at the Oscars.
D. T criticize Billie fr his abuse f the public platfrm.
49. What des “this phenmenn” in Para. 3 refer t?
A. Billie’s unreasnable selectin f a red hand pin at the Oscars.
B. Celebrities’ irrespnsible pinins n critical glbal cnversatins.
C. Public’s great desire fr celebrities t cmment n key glbal issues.
D Taylr Swift’s glden silence abut the crucial internatinal cncern.
50. Accrding t the passage, it can be inferred that ______.
A. experts tend t increase the cmplexity f the issues
B. celebrities’ vices are as imprtant as thse f experts
C. celebrities shuld air views n matters at hme and abrad
D. we shuld reassess the scial and plitical rles f celebrities
51. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f this passage?
A. Expect the UnexpectedB. Public Platfrms, Pwered Places
C. The Dwnside f Celebrity AdvcacyD. The Essence f Celebrity Respnsibility
【答案】48. B 49. B 50. D 51. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人在一些敏感政治话题以及社会问题上的观点将产生的影响，明确了名人的社会责任。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Take, fr instance, Billie Eilish’s fashin chice at the Oscars—a red hand pin. This wasn’t just any accessry (配饰); it’s rted in the upset histry f the 2000 cruel treatments f tw Israelis. It begs the questin: Was Eilish aware f the weighty stry this symbl carries? This mment serves as a reminder f the nuanced (微妙的， 细节的) balance celebrities must strike between being supprtive and the prfund respnsibility f using apublic platfrm.(比如，比莉·艾利什在奥斯卡颁奖典礼上的时尚选择——一枚红色的手针。这可不是普通的配件；它源于2000年两名以色列人遭受残酷对待的令人不安的历史。这引出了一个问题：艾利什是否意识到这个符号所承载的沉重故事？这一刻提醒我们，名人必须在支持和使用公共平台的深刻责任之间取得微妙的平衡)”可知，在第二段提到了“红色的手针”是为了表明Billie没有意识到不负责任的宣传。故选B。
【49题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“While many are quick t urge figures like Taylr Swift t lend their vice s t critical glbal cnversatins, a cncerning pattern emerges n the flip side: celebrities navigating the dark waters f cmplex debates with limited knwledge.(虽然许多人很快就敦促泰勒·斯威夫特等人物在关键的全球对话中发表自己的声音，但另一方面却出现了一种令人担忧的模式：名人在知识有限的情况下，在复杂辩论的黑暗水域中航行)”以及第三段“The celebrity culture in the United States, where public figures are elevated t almst gd-like status, plays a significant rle in this phenmenn.(在美国，公众人物几乎被提升到神一般的地位，名人文化在这一现象中发挥了重要作用)”可知，第3段中的“这一现象”指的是名人在重要的全球对话中不负责任的观点。故选B。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“This is nt nly unfair t the celebrities themselves, wh are, after all, nly human, but it als takes away frm the vices f actual experts n these subjects. When we priritize a celebrity’s pinin ver thse with lived experience r specialized knwledge, we d a disservice t the cmplexity f these issues.(这不仅对名人本身不公平，毕竟他们也是人，而且也剥夺了这些领域真正专家的声音。当我们优先考虑名人的意见而不是那些有实际经验或专业知识的人时，我们对这些问题的复杂性造成了伤害)”可推知，我们应该重新评估名人的社会和政治角色。故选D。
【51题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The recent criticisms f Taylr Swift fr her silence n the war in Gaza highlight a peculiar issue: the unrealistic expectatins we place n celebrities t be knw-alls. It’s a tpic wrth lking int.(最近对泰勒·斯威夫特在加沙战争中保持沉默的批评凸显了一个特殊的问题：我们期望名人无所不知，但这是一种不切实际的期望。这是一个值得研究的话题)”以及最后一段“By encuraging public figures t use their platfrms respnsibly and directing ur attentin t where they can make a real difference, we take a step tward a mre nuanced understanding f glbal issues. This isn’t just abut relieving celebrities f undue burdens; it’s abut empwering all f us t seek ut and elevate the vices that matter mst.(通过鼓励公众人物负责任地使用他们的平台，并将我们的注意力引导到他们可以真正发挥作用的地方，我们朝着更细致入微地理解全球问题迈出了一步。这不仅仅是为了减轻名人的不必要负担；它让我们所有人都有能力去寻找和提升最重要的声音)”结合文章主要说明了名人在一些敏感政治话题以及社会问题上的观点将产生的影响，明确了名人的社会责任。可知，D选项“名人责任的本质”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
The Psychlgy f Giving: Why d Peple Give t Charity?
Every day, leaders in the nnprfit sectr invest valuable time, energy, and mney int educating and spreading awareness f their missin in the hpes that this will increase supprt fr their nnprfit. They assume that if nly mre peple knew abut a schl’s budget cuts, fr example, then they wuld surely dnate! S, they bmbard (连续轰炸) ptential supprters with depressing statistics r cmplex arguments. ____52____.
Why d peple dnate t charity? While it’s true that dnrs and vlunteers are mtivated t make the wrld a better place because it’s the right thing t d, that’s nt the entire—r even the primary—reasn fr their genersity. ____53____. In ther wrds, we give because it feels gd and that gd feeling cnnects us t thers in ways that we find satisfying. While that might sund selfish, all it really means is that peple are wired t feel happy when they’re being kind.
____54____. Nbdy wants t read yet anther article abut hw the wrld is falling t pieces. Emphasize the gd that’s being dne at yur rganizatin s that yur dnrs feel empwered, nt depressed.
Since we give in part because it slidifies ur cnnectins t thers, make sure that yur cmmunicatin with yur dnrs is persnal and specific (i.e. begin crrespndence with “Dear Anna,” nt “Dear Dnr”). Priritize cmmunity by finding ways t cnnect with yur supprters n a persnal level and give them the pprtunity t interact with each ther, whether it’s thrugh a mnthly vide call r a dnr appreciatin night. ____55____.
Remember that, at base, all philanthrpic wrk is fundamentally a scial act, s aim t make yur dnrs feel like they’re a part f a brader cmmunity in which they are included, valued, and seen.
A. Research shws that the number ne mtivatr fr charitable giving is the all-t-human quest fr reward and scial attachment.
B. But this begs the questin: hw d statistics influence peple’s decisin t dnate?
C. The mre human ties yur dnrs have with yur rganizatin and with each ther, the mre cmmitted they’ll be t yur missin.
D. While statistics and figures are imprtant, make sure that yur messages t yur dnrs are upbeat and ptimistic.
E. In this way, yu are mre likely t build lng-lasting cnnectin with bth cntributrs and receivers.
F. Hwever, that’s nt hw the human mind wrks.
【答案】52. F 53. A 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们给慈善事业捐款背后的心理学，并就此建议非营利组织向支持者传递积极乐观的信息、和捐赠者建立个人且具体的联系。
【52题详解】
前文“They assume that if nly mre peple knew abut a schl’s budget cuts, fr example, then they wuld surely dnate! S, they bmbard (连续轰炸) ptential supprters with depressing statistics r cmplex arguments. (例如，他们认为只要有更多的人知道一所学校的预算削减，那么他们肯定会捐款！因此，他们用令人沮丧的统计数据或复杂的论点轰炸潜在的支持者)”提到非营利组织领导者认为支持者会因为负面信息而捐款，因此总是传递令人沮丧的统计数据或复杂的论点，下一段表明实际上支持者的心理不是这样的，因此F项“Hwever, that’s nt hw the human mind wrks. (然而，这不是人类思维的运作方式)”符合语境，否定前文非营利组织领导者认为的支持者的思维方式，构成转折，引出后文内容。故选F。
【53题详解】
前文“While it’s true that dnrs and vlunteers are mtivated t make the wrld a better place because it’s the right thing t d, that’s nt the entire—r even the primary—reasn fr their genersity. (虽然捐赠者和志愿者确实因为做正确的事情而有动力让世界变得更美好，但这并不是他们慷慨的全部原因，甚至不是主要原因)”指出捐赠者和志愿者慷慨的主要原因并非自己在做正确的事情，后文“In ther wrds, we give because it feels gd and that gd feeling cnnects us t thers in ways that we find satisfying. (换句话说，我们给予是因为感觉良好，这种良好的感觉将我们与他人联系在一起，让我们感到满足)”解释这种慷慨背后的心理模式，因此A项“Research shws that the number ne mtivatr fr charitable giving is the all-t-human quest fr reward and scial attachment. (研究表明，慈善捐赠的首要动机是人类对回报和社会依恋的追求)”符合语境，指出慈善捐赠的首要动机，承接前文，后文是对其解释，其中的scial attachment和后文的gd feeling cnnects us t thers呼应。故选A。
【54题详解】
后文“Nbdy wants t read yet anther article abut hw the wrld is falling t pieces. Emphasize the gd that’s being dne at yur rganizatin s that yur dnrs feel empwered, nt depressed. (没有人想再读一篇关于世界如何分崩离析的文章。强调你的组织正在做的好事，这样你的捐赠者就会感到有力量，而不是沮丧)”建议不要传递负面信息，而是正面的信息，让捐赠者感到有力量，因此D项“While statistics and figures are imprtant, make sure that yur messages t yur dnrs are upbeat and ptimistic. (虽然统计数据和数字很重要，但要确保你给捐赠者的信息是积极乐观的)”符合语境，指出要提供积极乐观的信息，作为段首句可统领后文内容，其中的upbeat and ptimistic和后文的empwered呼应。故选D。
【55题详解】
前文“Priritize cmmunity by finding ways t cnnect with yur supprters n a persnal level and give them the pprtunity t interact with each ther, whether it’s thrugh a mnthly vide call r a dnr appreciatin night. (通过寻找与你的支持者在个人层面上联系的方式来优先考虑社区，并给他们相互交流的机会，无论是通过每月的视频电话还是捐助者感谢之夜)”给出如何与支持者建立个人联系，赋予他们社区感的具体建议，因此C项“The mre human ties yur dnrs have with yur rganizatin and with each ther, the mre cmmitted they’ll be t yur missin. (你的捐赠者与你的组织以及彼此之间的人际关系越密切，他们就越会忠于你的使命)”符合语境，指出这样做的好处，承接前文，其中的human ties与前文的cnnect with呼应。故选C。
III. Prductive Grammar(1*10=10分)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Duling: Millins Aspire t be Multilingual
Fllw the mney, fllw the language app. In 2009, Luis Ahn and his pstgraduate student Severin Hacker launched Duling, a free app with an annying green wl as its masct (吉祥物). Althugh its unique selling pint is a childish cmpetitiveness, with league tables, elabrate bxes spilling cartn jewels, and a high TikTk prfile, it ___56___(sar) ahead f its cmpetitrs ever since.
Duling nw teaches mre than 40 languages t mre than 70 millin students, 54% ___57___ are aged between 18 and 34. It has a paid-fr versin fr thse wh want t avid advertisements. ___58___ it has yet t turn a prfit, in 2019 Frbes Magazine cunted it amng the 25 next billin-dllar startups. In February this year alne, it ___59___(register) mre than 13 millin new dwnlads.
It is an early adpter f the advanced artificial intelligence mdel GPT-4, its fferings ___60___(include) lk-at-me gimmicks such as curses in Star Trek’s Klingn, but als minrity languages such as Xhsa and Navaj. The length it takes___61___(cmplete) a curse varies. Hwever, the 216 units currently available in Spanish — its___62___(ppular) language, with mre than 30 millin learners — wuld take several years f a 15-minute-a-day habit.
While few actually cmplete a curse, Duling, like its many cmpetitrs, shws that there is an aspiratin t be multilingual. Earnest academic papers have been written abut hw much these learners benefit. ___63___demnstrate that it is a useful aid in classrm teaching, while thers pint ut that it will never enable anyne t cnduct a cmplex cnversatin abut astrphysics, r get beynd the earliest stages f fluency.
Bth are right. Languages are scial cnstructs that exist t enable cmmunicatin between peple. While apps cannt replace interpersnal cnversatin r immersin in a culture, they___64___ supplement it. Their success shuld serve as a wake-up call: a reminder____65____ freign languages have a valuable rle t play in any fit-fr-purpse educatin system, as much fr persnal enrichment as fr career advantage in a netwrked wrld.
【答案】56. has sared
57. f whm
58. Thugh 59. registered
60. include
61. t cmplete
62. mst ppular
63. Sme 64. can
65. that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了应用软件Duling（多邻国）。
【56题详解】
考查时态。句意：尽管它的独特卖点是一种幼稚的竞争行为，有排行榜、塞满了卡通珠宝的激励人的小箱子，还有跳着电臀舞的抖音形象，但它已经远远领先于其竞争对手。根据“ever since”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词使用has。故填has sared。
【57题详解】
考查介词+关系代词。句意：多邻国现在向7000多万学生教授了超40种语言，这些用户中54%的年龄在18岁至34岁之间。先行词为70 millin students，指人，关系词作定语从句的宾语，表示54%的，介词为f，所以本句为f whm引导的定语从句。故填f whm。
【58题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管该公司尚未盈利，但在2019年《福布斯》杂志将其列为即将达到十亿美元级初创公司的25家公司之一。根据句意可知，此处表示尽管，应用thugh引导让步状语从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Thugh。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：仅今年2月，新下载的注册用户就超过了1300万。根据“In February”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填registered。
【60题详解】
考查时态。句意：它很早就采用了先进的人工智能模型GPT-4.它提供的课程中有一个“点这里”的噱头选项，里面有诸如《星际迷航》中的克林贡语，还有科萨语和纳瓦霍语等少数民族语言。句子在陈述事实，为一般现在时。主语为复数，谓语为复数。故填include。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：完成一门课程所需的时间各不相同。固定句型it takes+名词+t d sth。故填t cmplete。
【62题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：西班牙语目前有216个单元，这是软件中较受欢迎的语言，有超过3000万的学习者，每天习惯性学习15分钟的话需要几年的时间才能学完。表示最受欢迎的，应用形容词最高级。故填mst ppular。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些人证明它在课堂教学中是一种有用的帮助，而另一些人则指出，它永远无法让任何人进行关于天体物理学的复杂对话，也无法超越最早的流利程度。本句为sme…thers…（一些…另一些）的用法。故填Sme。
【64题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：然软件无法取代人与人之间的对话或让人充分沉浸在某种文化中，但它可以作为一种补充。表示“可以，能”用情态动词can。故填can。
【65题详解】
考查连接词。句意：这个软件的成功起到了一个提醒作用：提醒人们外语在任何合乎目的的教育体系中都发挥着宝贵的作用，在网络化的世界里，既能丰富个人生活，又能锻造职业优势。reminder后接同位语从句，句意和句子结构完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
IV. Translatin (3+3+4+5=15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
66. 沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】Being addicted t watching shrt vides f nline celebrities always distracts her while studying.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，动名词和时态。表示沉迷于译为“be addicted t”，作主语，应用动名词形式，表示刷网红短视频译为“watch shrt vides f nline celebrities”，接在介词t后，应用动名词，表示使某人分心译为“distract”，作谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，总译为“always”，表示她译为“her”，作宾语，学习时译为“while studying”，故翻译为Being addicted t watching shrt vides f nline celebrities always distracts her while studying.
67. 万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修(arrange) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】In case the elevatr is ut f rder, give a warning and arrange fr a mechanic t repair it.
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致，祈使句和固定短语。“万一”是in case，其后跟that引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，可省略that，“电梯”是the elevatr，“出故障”是be ut f rder，主语elevatr是单数，be动词用is，“请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修”用祈使句，动词用原形，“发出警告”是give a warning，“并且”是and，“安排某人做某事”是arrange fr sb. t d sth.，“机械师”是a mechanic，“维修”是repair，用it指代the elevatr，作repair的宾语，因此整句话翻译为“In case the elevatr is ut f rder, give a warning and arrange fr a mechanic t repair it”。故答案为In case the elevatr is ut f rder, give a warning and arrange fr a mechanic t repair it.
68. 显而易见，没有实地调查就很难获取一手信息，匆匆得出的结论最终经不起推敲。(end up)(汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】It is bvius that withut field investigatin, it is difficult t btain first-hand infrmatin, and cnclusins made hastily will end up nt standing up t scrutiny.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“显而易见”句型为It is bvius that…；表示“没有实地调查”短语为withut field investigatin；表示“……困难”应用it is difficult t d sth.，it作形式主语；表示“获取一手信息”短语为btain first-hand infrmatin；表示“匆匆得出的结论”翻译为cnclusins made hastily，为过去分词作定语；表示“最终……”短语为end up dings sth.，为一般将来时；表示“经不起推敲”应用nt standing up t scrutiny。故翻译为It is bvius that withut field investigatin, it is difficult t btain first-hand infrmatin, and cnclusins made hastily will end up nt standing up t scrutiny.
69. 无论是给予陌生人一句赞美之词，还是为他扶一下门，小小的善举都会产生很大的影响，所以为何不把日行一善作为目标呢？(Whether) (汉译英)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】Whether it’s giving a stranger a cmpliment r hlding a dr fr him, small acts f kindness can make a big difference, s why nt make it yur gal t d ne act f kindness every day?
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、名词短语和固定句型。“无论是……还是……”可用固定句型whether it’s… r…，whether引导让步状语从句，“给予陌生人一句赞美之词”可用动词名短语giving a stranger a cmpliment，“为他扶一下门”可用动词名短语hlding a dr fr him，这两个动名词短语作表语；主句的主语“小小的善举”可用名词短语small acts f kindness，“会”可用情态动词can，“产生很大的影响”可用动词短语make a big difference；“所以”可用连词s，“为何不做某事”可用固定句型why nt d sth.，“把……作为（你的）目标”可用动词短语make it yur gal t d sth.，其中it是形式宾语，不定式短语是真正的宾语，“日行一善”可用动词短语d ne act f kindness every day。故可译为：Whether it’s giving a stranger a cmpliment r hlding a dr fr him, small acts f kindness can make a big difference, s why nt make it yur gal t d ne act f kindness every day?
V. Guided Writing(20分)
70. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生李明，学校计划在每个班级组织“防灾减灾日(Disaster Preventin and Mitigatin Day)”主题班会以提高学生防灾减灾意识，普及灾难应对常识。请你给班主任写一封信提出你对该主题班会活动设计的建议，内容应包括：
1.你的建议；
2.你的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear headteacher,
Knwing that ur schl is ging t rganize a “Disaster Preventin and Mitigatin Day” themed class meeting in each class, I wuld like t put frward sme persnal suggestins n the design f this themed class meeting activity.
First f all, I suggest that we invite prfessinal disaster preventin and mitigatin experts r firefighters t give us lectures n campus, which can nt nly increase ur knwledge, but als inspire ur curage and cnfidence in the face f disasters. Secndly, I suggest rganizing simulatin exercises, which can make us mre deeply understand the imprtance f disaster preventin and reductin, and imprve ur emergency respnse capacity. In additin, I suggest that we can make sme psters r vides fr disaster preventin and reductin. These publicity materials can make students always pay attentin t disaster preventin and reductin issues in daily life.
I hpe the abve suggestins can get yur apprval and supprt.
Yurs,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班主任写一封信，提出你对学校计划在每个班级组织的“防灾减灾日”主题班会活动设计的建议，内容应包括：1.你的建议；2.你的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestin→recmmendatin
专业的：prfessinal→specialized
专家：expert→specialist
另外：in additin→what’s mre
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Secndly, I suggest rganizing simulatin exercises, which can make us mre deeply understand the imprtance f disaster preventin and reductin, and imprve ur emergency respnse capacity.
拓展句：Secndly, I suggest that we shuld rganize simulatin exercises, which can make us mre deeply understand the imprtance f disaster preventin and reductin, and imprve ur emergency respnse capacity.
【点睛】[高分句型1] First f all, I suggest that we invite prfessinal disaster preventin and mitigatin experts r firefighters t give us lectures n campus, which can nt nly increase ur knwledge, but als inspire ur curage and cnfidence in the face f disasters. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Secndly, I suggest rganizing simulatin exercises, which can make us mre deeply understand the imprtance f disaster preventin and reductin, and imprve ur emergency respnse capacity. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)A. techniques B. negative C. factual D. slip E. identify F. cnscius
G. stick H. distance I. analyzers J. apprach K. deceptive
①Bind carg t yur car
T secure a large bag t a car rf, yu need a knt that acts like a pulley (滑轮). The trucker’s knt wrks best. Start by frming an verhand lp, pulling a lp thrugh, and tightening. Next, feed the rpe’s free end arund a rf rack (架 子) r an S-hk n the frame. Pull n the wrking end t btain the desired tensin; then use a quick-release half-hitch, a type f knt, t “lck” the tensin in place (and make untying carg quick and simple).
②Attach tent guylines (拉绳)
Attached t webbing lps at key stress pints n the uter walls f tents, guylines are tied t the grund with stnes. They stabilize the tent in strng winds by keeping the fabric walls tight. When setting up yur shelter, tighten the guylines until n lse part remains in them r the tent walls. Fit the rpes with a tight-line knt, which lets yu adjust the line’s length withut untying the knt. When yu mve the knt by hand, it slides freely alng the line, but it hlds tight when the lp is tensined—s the knt hlds firm when gusts f wind pull tent walls hard.
③Lwer a pack ver a rck shelf
Sme packs feature a strng leather belt fr easy rpe-pulls—but mst require a bwline knt, which desn’t slip n matter the weight. It is very easy t untie after it’s been laded. Slide the lp arund the middle f the pack, tighten it, then lwer away. A handy recall- aiding device: The rpe’s lng end is the “tree”; the lp is the “rabbit hle”;
④Fasten a cane t shre
The clve hitch is perfect fr quickly fastening bats because it’s easy t tie, hlds fast under tensin, and releases instantly with a pull n the free end. This makes it a speedy way t fix a line t a tree. Fr extra security, add ne r tw half-hitches.
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