北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版），共12页。试卷主要包含了考试时间， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.考试时间: 90分钟。满分: 100分。
2.所有试题答案必须写在答题纸的规定位置，超出范围无效。
3.使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔答题，不得使用铅笔答题。不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带修改。
4.考试结束后，只提交答题纸，试卷自己留存。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Frm the time he learned t walk, Imran Nuri heard frm his parents time and time again, “Yu must strive t be the best at everything.” And Nuri fllwed their advice and graduated with hnrs frm Ohi State University, then mved t Chicag, where he ____1____ a prime jb as a natinal marketing directr fr a cmpany. But with each passing mnth, Nuri realized that his parents’ advice, while ____2____ , wasn’t necessarily suitable fr him.
By the time he was 24 years ld, Nuri faced the kind f life crisis ____3____ fund in peple twice his age. Fcusing n mney, ____4____ and pwer was leaving him unfulfilled. In a bld (大胆的) ____5____, he quit his jb and decided t drive t every state in the Lwer 48 n a100-day trip t find 1,000 strangers and ask them t share ne thing they wish they’d knwn when they were yunger. He had n interest in hitting specific cities, natinal parks r mnuments. His gal was simple: G where he culd find peple in settings where they might talk.
Over the next few mnths, Nuri ____6____ peple f all ages and races. Sme kept walking. Others said they had n time r weren’t interested. But many were happy t ____7____ .
The weeks had turned int mnths, and nw he was traveling with the ____8____ f the1,300 peple he’d talked t n his 15,000-mile trip. What they taught him was that life isn’t t be talked abut, but t be ____9____ in all its messy beauty.
Tday, Nuri is back in Chicag, emplyed as a senir marketing directr fr a new cmpany. He’s nt the man he nce was. He seeks answers t questins, which leads t mre questins and mre answers, a ______10______ that prvides nt certainty, but meaning.
1. A. investigatedB. landedC. rejectedD. cmpleted
2. A. well-knwnB. well-receivedC. well-preparedD. well-intentined
3. A. typicallyB. eventuallyC. definitelyD. recently
4. A. prmisesB. ccupatinsC. titlesD. breakthrughs
5. A. mveB. innvatinC. imaginatinD. predictin
6. A. apprachedB. signaledC. studiedD. mtivated
7. A. shw upB. stand utC. cheer upD. pen up
8. A. expectatinsB. cnnectinsC. affectinsD. spirits
9. A. regrettedB. definedC. livedD. assessed
10. A. mmentB. cycleC. systemD. gal
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
A grup f high-tech rbts perfrming traditinal Chinese flk dances became the highlight f this year’s Spring Festival Gala. The humanid machines, ____11____ (equip) with advanced sensrs and AI systems, partnered with human artists t present a lively “Er Ren Zhuan” perfrmance, a Nrtheast Chinese flk dance knwn fr its humr and rhythm. Prgrammed t mimic human mvements with precisin, the rbts rcked their bdies and even cracked jkes with their human cunterparts, ____12____ (create) a perfect blend f traditin and innvatin. The perfrmance ended with a grup bw, leaving viewers bth entertained and inspired. Rarely d peple knw that the engineers ____13____ (prepare) the shw fr mre than 3 mnths befre the gala. In cnclusin, traditin evlves, bridging generatins thrugh creativity.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
O. Henry, ____14____ real name was William Sydney Prter, was a celebrated American shrt-stry writer knwn fr his clever plts and unexpected twists. Brn in 1862, he lived a life as dramatic as his tales, wrking varius jbs befre becming a full-time writer. ____15____ made his stries unfrgettable was their heartwarming humr and irnic endings, which ften revealed deeper truths abut human nature. Having spent years in prisn fr embezzlement(贪污罪), O. Henry turned his experiences int vivid strytelling, blending wit with emtinal ____16____ (deep). That his stries remain widely read tday shws hw timeless themes like kindness and resilience cnnect readers acrss generatins. O. Henry’s legacy lies in his ability ____17____ (turn) simple mments int unfrgettable lessns, leaving audiences bth mved and astnished.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The bilgical clck, an internal system that regulates ur sleep-wake cycle, plays a vital rle in maintaining physical and mental health. Knwn as circadian rhythms, these 24-hur cycles____18____ (cntrl) by a part f the brain which respnds t light and darkness. Hwever, disrupting these rhythms can lead t fatigue, weakened immunity, and even md disrders. When expsed t artificial light at night, especially frm screens, ur bdies prduce less melatnin, a hrmne that prmtes sleep. This explains why staying up late ____19____ (leave) us feeling exhausted. T ptimize health, experts suggest establishing cnsistent rutines, such as waking up at the same time daily and aviding bright lights befre bed. By respecting ur bilgical clck, we can live in harmny ____20____ nature’s rhythm.
第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The best science bks inspire a sense f wnder and make yu amazed at the incredible wrld we live in. Here are fur f them t feed yur imaginatin.
A Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything by Bill Brysn
Hw did it all begin? And hw did we get here? Cmbining histry and science, the bk ffers a cmprehensive yet entertaining answer t these questins. Bill Brysn takes the reader n an impressive jurney thrugh the greatest scientific discveries in histry. It explains scientific tpics in a vivid way, but it's quite a lng read.
Thing Explainer by Randall Munre
Hw d helicpters wrk? Or cells? Randall Munre explains hw things wrk using illustratins and nly the mst cmmn 1,000 wrds in English. It will shift yur apprach t explanatin. S, next time explain hw smething wrks rather than merely call it by its name. Hwever, additinally prviding mre technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.
Ask an Astrnaut by Tim Peake
What des it feel like t fly int space? Hw d yu prepare fr it? Astrnaut Tim Peake answers all the questins yu never knew abut ging int space. The bk gives insights int the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-t-day life n bard f the Internatinal Space Statin. Its questin and answer frmat makes it easy t quickly find answers, but it can becme less appealing due t the lack f descriptive language.
Deep Time by Riley Black
Want t knw the stry f ur planet? Riley Black takes us n a jurney, in the rder f time, thrugh the gelgical (地质的) events that have shaped ur planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supprted by easily digestible explanatins f key histrical mments. It als expands n key cncepts in gelgy, astrnmy and bilgy. Yet, measuring the size f sme bjects n the phts is difficult due t the lack f a scale bar (比例尺).
21. Which bk is rganized in the frmat f questin and answer?
A. Deep Time.B. Thing Explainer.
C. Ask an Astrnaut.D. A Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything.
22. What's a shrtcming f Thing Explainer?
A. It is rather t lng.B. It lacks technical terms.
C. It is written in plain language.D. It fails t include clear images.
23. What d A Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in cmmn?
A. They feature vivid illustratins.B. They cmbine science and histry.
C. They entertain readers f all ages.D. They explain cncepts in great detail.
B
Life after retirement can be islating fr a lt f peple, but particularly fr lder men wh were ften raised t be prviders and built their whle identities arund their jbs.
Jim Isenberg, nw in his late 70s, knws that feeling. He has had a varied career in transprtatin and yuth services in White Plains. When he first became a grandfather, he went nline trying t find any kind f rganizatin with grandpas. “There were a lt f things with grandmas,” he says, “but nthing fr grandfathers.”
In 2018, Isenberg and his friend Frank Williams ultimately funded their wn grup Grandpas United. Williams, wh wrked as executive directr f the White Plains Yuth Bureau, saw a particular need. “S many children are grwing up withut a male figure r a father,” he says. “And here we have men wh are retiring frm wrk and careers. They have skills that can help yunger peple, especially bys and yung men.”.
Tday, Grandpas United has arund 60 vlunteers, including retired lawyers, teachers, delivery drivers, and plice fficers. One f their initiatives is called JumpStart fr Dads, which helps new, yung fathers adjust t parenthd and learn frm the grandpas’ wn experiences. The grup als visits Church Street Elementary Schl, where they spend lunch hurs with furth-grade bys, playing games and teaching scial skills like shaking hands. The bys find the interactins fun, and the grandpas enjy their energy and penness.
Dr. Linda Fried, dean f Clumbia University’s Mailman Schl f Public Health, says such prgrams benefit bth the children and the vlunteers. She started Experience Crps, where vlunteers frm their early 60s t their mid-80s put in 15 hurs a week at elementary schls fr at least a year. The prgram nt nly imprved children’s academic success, but als the vlunteers’ health, with a study shwing significant brain grwth in male vlunteers ver tw years, particularly in prblem-slving and memry regins. Why? Fried says it may be that because lder men scialize less than wmen t begin with, the cnsistent vlunteer wrk— and seeing they were making a difference — did them the mst gd.
Grandpas United member Marc Sharff knws this firsthand. “One f the things that I lve abut Grandpas, it’s nt nly with the kids, it’s the camaraderie (同志情谊) and building new friendships,” he says, referring t his fellw grandpas. “There are peple I never knew befre. We've develped relatinships, and I cherish that.”
24. Why did Jim Isenberg and Frank Williams establish Grandpas United?
A. T ffer mentrship fr yung fathers and children.
B. T rganize cmmunity events fr families with kids.
C. T create a space fr grandfathers t play games tgether.
D. T prvide training fr retired men seeking re-emplyment.
25. Why might lder men experience greater cgnitive benefit frm vlunteer wrk?
A. They typically devte mre time t vlunteering.
B They usually find wrking with children mre rewarding.
C. They tend t have fewer scial interactins than lder wmen.
D. They ften pssess a wider range f skills valuable t vlunteer rles.
26. What can we cnclude frm the stry f Grandpas United?
A. Giving is receiving.
B. A rising tide lifts all bats.
C. Many hands make light wrk.
D. It takes a village t raise a child.
C
Glass might sn meet a surprising cmpetitr: bamb. Scientists in China have transfrmed regular bamb int a see-thrugh material that keeps ut fire and water and reduces smke, prviding an envirnmentally friendly replacement fr traditinal glass made frm sand. While glass is still widely used in buildings fr its clearness, its tendency t break easily, heavy weight and envirnmental impact have pushed researchers t lk fr ther materials like clear wd — and nw bamb.
Clear wd, made by remving a natural substance called lignin (木质素 ) and adding plastic-like materials, has been seen as a gd renewable ptin. It is lighter than glass and better at keeping heat ut. Hwever, its tendency t catch fire and the slw grwth rate f trees make it hard t prduce in large amunts: T slve this, researchers at Central Suth University f Frestry and Technlgy fcused n bamb, which grws fully in 4-7 years and prduces fur times mre material per farm area cmpared t trees.
The team applied the methds develped fr making wd see-thrugh t bamb, which has a similar chemical makeup. Specifically, by remving linger, which makes plants lk slid, and filling the bamb fibers with a glass-like liquid called sdium silicate, they changed hw light passes thrugh the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blcking treatment created three layers: a prtective uter cating, a middle layer f silicn dixide (a cmmn glass ingredient), and a base layer f sdium silicate. The final material shwed impressive strength, utshining many cmmn plastics.
Imprtantly, the clear bamb shwed special fire safety features. Unlike wd-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blcked water, and stpped dangerus smke and gases frm spreading — key benefits fr building use. When tested as a base fr advanced slar cells, it helped cntrl light better, increasing energy prductin by 15.29%. This duble rle suggests it culd be used in smart buildings that use sunlight fr lighting while creating clean energy. While making this material in large amunts still needs wrk, this discvery supprts envirnmental gals-
27 Why d researchers want t replace glass?
A. Because it is heavy, fragile, and bad fr ur planet.
B. Because it causes smke and damages the ecsystem.
C. Because it csts t much and cannt reduce fire r smke.
D. Because it is transparent, heavy, and envirnmentally unfriendly.
28. Hw did the researchers make bamb see-thrugh?
A. By adding lignin and filling in bamb fibers.
B. By making lignin pass thrugh silicn dixide.
C. By changing sdium silicate int silicn dixide.
D. By taking away lignin and adding sdium silicate.
29. What can be learned abut clear barab frm the text?
A. It prevents water and sunlight frm spreading.
B. It prduces energy when used t build windws.
C. It has ptential fr bth building and energy fields.
D. It is safer, strnger, and clearer than cmmn plastics.
30. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A methd f prducing clear wd.
B. An alternative t cnventinal plastic.
C. A new material gd fr the envirnment.
D. An applicatin f clear bamb in slar cells.
D
Nietzsche (尼采) was wrng: When yu gaze lng enugh int the abyss (深渊), the abyss des nt gaze back int yu. Instead, the csmic vid (空洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness.
When lking at the vast universe, there is a temptatin (诱惑) t lk at ur tiny wrld with nihilism, feeling that ur great achievements amunt t nthing, that ur histry fails t leave a mark, and that ur cncerns and anxieties are pintless.
I’m a csmlgist, the kind f scientist wh studies the rigin, histry and evlutin f the universe. I have spent my career researching ne special part f the universe called csmic vids: the vast expanses f nthing that stretch between the galaxies. Mst f ur universe is vid — smewhere arund 80 percent f the vlume f the csms is made f nthing at all. I have spent years wrking t understand what csmic vids teach us abut the wider universe and its dwry. And in the curse f my studies, I have learned t reject that temptatin.
It’s true that Earth is neither large nr lng-lived, but that is nly ne way f measuring significance. Cmpared with the csmic vids, there is smething special happening n ur planet. Earth is still the nly knwn place in the entire universe where cnscius beings raise their curius eyes t the sky and wnder. Earth is the nly knwn place where humans can exist. It is the nly knwn place where laughter, lve, anger and jy exist. The nly knwn place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful cmplexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in ur lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse f mst f the universe.
The same lessns that csmic vids teach us are fund in the vids we encunter in ur wn lives. The presence f vids guarantees the ppsite; they create cntrast; they are full f ptential. The pain we feel frm lss is the last reminder f the gift f a life deeply lved. The silence befre a perfrmance is full f electric expectatin. Our chice t ignre stressful news is necessary t allw us t fcus n what truly matters.
Artists have lng understd the pwer f the vid. The 12th-century pet Saigy nted that the pauses between raindrps were as imprtant as the drps themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility f negative spaces, prclaiming, “Where there is nthing, everything is pssible.”
The universe wn’t d anything fr us except give us the freedm t exist. It is ur jb t fill the universe with meaning and purpse.
31. What des the underlined wrd “nihilism” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Hpe.B. Admiratin.C. Emptiness.D. Purpse.
32. Why des the authr reject the temptatin?
A. Because he is a csmlgist wh believes science.
B. Because he thinks Earth is special as it is small and shrt-lived.
C. Because he thinks human experiences differ frm thse in vids.
D. Because he thinks Earth is the nly place fr human experiences.
33. What's the authr’s purpse in writing Paragraph 5?
A. T reflect n hw vids enrich ur lives.
B. T shw hw pain can be created frm lss.
C. T claim that vids serve as bstacles t human grwth.
D. T argue emtinal vids shuld be filled fr mre significance.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Listening t the Abyss: Nietzsche Revisited
B. Questining the Belief in Human Significance
C. Beynd the Stars: The Science f Csmic Vids
D. Finding Meaning in Vast Silence f the Universe
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw many times have yu wndered abut hw much better things might have been if the yunger yu had made different decisins? Or, have yu breathed a sigh f relief when yu recgnize that ne f yur lucky chices ended up much better ff than yu might have been, if things had gne a different way?
____35____ It is the birthplace f emtins such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative utcme t what has actually happened in ne's life hlds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads t unhappiness. It is therefre nt surprising that it has becme a ht tpic f research in scial psychlgy.
Cunterfactual thinking ften plays ut in real-time n natinal televisin after a natural disaster. ____36____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emtinal, and they have ften lst everything that they wned. And yet, we cmmnly hear them use wrds such as “lucky” r “grateful” t describe their feelings.
____37____ If the persn had really been lucky, wuldn’t they still have a huse and have been spared frm all f the grief they must nw endure? Sme psychlgists have argued that ne f the benefits f cunterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tl fr making us mre resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind f the cunterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that wuld have been even wrse. ____38____
Cunterfactual thinking is simply part f wh we are. ____39____ Many psychlgists believe that it exists t helps us crystallize (变明确) the gals that are mst imprtant t us and t imprve ur ability t wisely chse future curses f actin.
A. At first glance, this respnse des nt make much sense.
B. This type f mental “what-ifism” is called cunterfactual thinking.
C. Even thugh it, smetimes makes us sad, it can als d us sme gd
D. The imaginatin f a life has been the inspiratin fr dzens f mvies.
E. News reprters frequently interview survivrs wh have barely escaped with their lives.
F. The mre imprtant the event is, the mre intense ur cunterfactual thinking abut it will be.
G. That paves the way fr psitive emtins that might help them thrugh a very dark time in their lives.
第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What makes sme peple incapable f aplgizing even when they’re clearly in the wrng?
Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth. When their delicate eg(自我) cannt absrb the blw f admitting they were wrng their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue abut basic facts t prevent the threat f having t lwer themselves by ffering an aplgy.
Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength. That’s because utwardly they appear t be tugh individuals wh refuse t back dwn. But this desn’t shw that they’re strng—it shws that they’re weak.
Admitting that we’re wrng is emtinally uncmfrtable and painful t ur sense f self. In rder t take respnsibility and aplgize, ur self-wrth needs t be strng enugh t absrb that discmfrt. Indeed, if ur self-wrth is higher and mre stable, we can tlerate the temprary discmfrt that such an admissin invlves—withut the walls arund ur eg falling dwn.
But if ur self-wrth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discmfrt can g thrugh ur defensive walls and scre a direct hit t ur eg. Indeed, the mre fixed ne’s defense mechanisms are, the mre delicate the eg they’re prtecting.
The mistake we ften make when faced with smene wh’s habitually incapable f aplgizing is t becme angry and try t win ur argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.
40 Why can’t sme peple aplgize?
41 What d many peple mistakenly think f a nn-aplgizer’s defensiveness?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
►When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
43. In additin t what is mentined in the passage, what else can yu d if yur friend refuses t aplgize t yu? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“AI助力英语学习”的讲座，作为俱乐部负责人，你打算邀请你校国际部外教 Jim 为你们年级做这个讲座。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 邀请并告知时间地点；
2. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
北大附中2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试 高二英语
注意事项
1.考试时间: 90分钟。满分: 100分。
2.所有试题答案必须写在答题纸的规定位置，超出范围无效。
3.使用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔答题，不得使用铅笔答题。不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带修改。
4.考试结束后，只提交答题纸，试卷自己留存。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Frm the time he learned t walk, Imran Nuri heard frm his parents time and time again, “Yu must strive t be the best at everything.” And Nuri fllwed their advice and graduated with hnrs frm Ohi State University, then mved t Chicag, where he ____1____ a prime jb as a natinal marketing directr fr a cmpany. But with each passing mnth, Nuri realized that his parents’ advice, while ____2____ , wasn’t necessarily suitable fr him.
By the time he was 24 years ld, Nuri faced the kind f life crisis ____3____ fund in peple twice his age. Fcusing n mney, ____4____ and pwer was leaving him unfulfilled. In a bld (大胆的) ____5____, he quit his jb and decided t drive t every state in the Lwer 48 n a100-day trip t find 1,000 strangers and ask them t share ne thing they wish they’d knwn when they were yunger. He had n interest in hitting specific cities, natinal parks r mnuments. His gal was simple: G where he culd find peple in settings where they might talk.
Over the next few mnths, Nuri ____6____ peple f all ages and races. Sme kept walking. Others said they had n time r weren’t interested. But many were happy t ____7____ .
The weeks had turned int mnths, and nw he was traveling with the ____8____ f the1,300 peple he’d talked t n his 15,000-mile trip. What they taught him was that life isn’t t be talked abut, but t be ____9____ in all its messy beauty.
Tday, Nuri is back in Chicag, emplyed as a senir marketing directr fr a new cmpany. He’s nt the man he nce was. He seeks answers t questins, which leads t mre questins and mre answers, a ______10______ that prvides nt certainty, but meaning.
1. A. investigatedB. landedC. rejectedD. cmpleted
2. A. well-knwnB. well-receivedC. well-preparedD. well-intentined
3. A. typicallyB. eventuallyC. definitelyD. recently
4. A. prmisesB. ccupatinsC. titlesD. breakthrughs
5. A. mveB. innvatinC. imaginatinD. predictin
6. A. apprachedB. signaledC. studiedD. mtivated
7. A. shw upB. stand utC. cheer upD. pen up
8. A. expectatinsB. cnnectinsC. affectinsD. spirits
9. A. regrettedB. definedC. livedD. assessed
10. A. mmentB. cycleC. systemD. gal
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了从小品学兼优的Imran Nuri遇到生活危机，于是辞职决定在为期100天的旅行中，开车到美国本土48个州的每一个州，寻找1000个陌生人，让他们分享一件他们年轻时希望知道的事情。最后他明白了生活的真谛，开始了新的生活。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：努里听从了他们的建议，以优异的成绩从俄亥俄州立大学毕业，然后搬到了芝加哥，在那里他获得了一份作为一家公司全国营销总监的重要工作。A. investigated调查；B. landed着陆，获得；C. rejected拒绝；D. cmpleted完成。根据下文“a prime jb”可知，努里获得一份好工作。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随着时间的流逝，努里意识到父母的建议虽然是善意的，但并不一定适合他。A. well-knwn著名的；B. well-received受到欢迎的；C. well-prepared准备好的；D. well-intentined好意的。根据上文“t be the best at everything”以及“Nuri realized that his parents’ advice”可知，父母“每件事做到最好”的建议是出于对努里的好意。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在他24岁的时候，努里面临着一种年龄是他两倍的人通常会遇到的生活危机。A. typically通常，典型地；B. eventually最后；C. definitely肯定；D. recently最近。根据下文“fund in peple twice his age”可知，他遇到的生活危机，通常发生在年龄比他大两倍的人身上。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：专注于金钱、头衔和权力让他感到没有成就感。A. prmises承诺；B. ccupatins职业；C. titles头衔；D. breakthrughs突破。根据上文“as a natinal marketing directr fr a cmpany”可知，专注于头衔让他感到没有成就感。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他做出了一个大胆的举动，辞去了工作，决定在为期100天的旅行中，开车到美国本土48个州的每一个州，寻找1000名陌生人，让他们分享一件他们年轻时希望知道的事情。A. mve行动；B. innvatin创新；C. imaginatin想象力；D. predictin预测。根据下文“he quit his jb and decided t drive t every state in the Lwer 48 n a 100-day trip”可知，他做出了辞职的大胆举动。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来几个月里，努里接触了各种年龄和种族的人。A. apprached接触，靠近；B. signaled动作示意；C. studied学习；D. mtivated激励。根据上文“His gal was simple: G where he culd find peple in settings where they might talk.”可知，努里接触了各种年龄和种族的人。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但许多人乐于敞开心扉。A. shw up出现；B. stand ut突出；C. reach ut伸出手；D. pen up敞开心扉，打开。根据上文“Sme kept walking. Others said they had n time r weren't interested.”以及“ne thing they wish they’d knwn when they were yunger”可知，他和人交谈，虽然有些人继续往前走，其他人则说他们没有时间或不感兴趣，but表示转折，说明许多人乐于敞开心扉。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期变成了几个月，现在他带着在这次15000英里的旅行中与他交谈过的1300个人的精神继续前行。A. expectatins期待；B. cnnectins连接；C. affectins喜爱；D. spirits精神。根据下文“f the 1,300 peple he’d talked”和“What they taught him was that life isn't t be talked abut, but t be ____9____ in all its messy beauty.”可知，他带着在这次15000英里的旅行中与他交谈过的1300个人的精神继续前行。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们教给他的是，生活不是用来谈论的，而是要以其凌乱的美好去体验。A. regretted后悔；B. defined下定义；C. lived居住；D. assessed评估。根据上文“life isn’t t be talked abut, but t be”可知，要以生活凌乱的美好去体验。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他寻求问题的答案，这又引出了更多的问题和更多的答案，这是一个循环，它提供的不是确定性，而是意义。A. mment时刻；B. cycle自行车，循环；C. system系统；D. gal目标。根据上文“He seeks answers t questins, which leads t mre questins and mre answers”可知，他寻求问题的答案，这导致了更多的问题和更多的答案，即形成了一个循环。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
A grup f high-tech rbts perfrming traditinal Chinese flk dances became the highlight f this year’s Spring Festival Gala. The humanid machines, ____11____ (equip) with advanced sensrs and AI systems, partnered with human artists t present a lively “Er Ren Zhuan” perfrmance, a Nrtheast Chinese flk dance knwn fr its humr and rhythm. Prgrammed t mimic human mvements with precisin, the rbts rcked their bdies and even cracked jkes with their human cunterparts, ____12____ (create) a perfect blend f traditin and innvatin. The perfrmance ended with a grup bw, leaving viewers bth entertained and inspired. Rarely d peple knw that the engineers ____13____ (prepare) the shw fr mre than 3 mnths befre the gala. In cnclusin, traditin evlves, bridging generatins thrugh creativity.
【答案】11. equipped
12. creating
13. had prepared
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。今年春晚，配备先进技术的人形机器人与人类共演“二人转”，展现传统与创新融合，工程师为此筹备超三月。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些人形机器人配备了先进的传感器和人工智能系统，与人类艺术家合作呈现了一场生动的“二人转” 表演，这是一种以幽默和节奏著称的中国东北民间舞蹈。此空考查非谓语，The humanid machines与equip之间是被动关系，即机器人被配备先进的传感器和人工智能系统，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填equipped。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人经过编程可以精确模仿人类动作，它们摇摆着身体，甚至和人类搭档开玩笑，创造出传统与创新的完美融合。此空考查非谓语，the rbts rcked their bdies and even cracked jkes with their human cunterparts这一动作与create a perfect blend f traditin and innvatin之间是主动关系，作伴随状语。故填creating。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：很少有人知道，工程师们在春晚之前已经为这个节目准备了三个多月。这里考查谓语动词，the engineers与prepare为主动关系，再根据befre the gala可知，“准备节目”这一动作发生在“春晚”之前，而“春晚”是已发生的情况，所以“准备节目”是过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had prepared。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
O. Henry, ____14____ real name was William Sydney Prter, was a celebrated American shrt-stry writer knwn fr his clever plts and unexpected twists. Brn in 1862, he lived a life as dramatic as his tales, wrking varius jbs befre becming a full-time writer. ____15____ made his stries unfrgettable was their heartwarming humr and irnic endings, which ften revealed deeper truths abut human nature. Having spent years in prisn fr embezzlement(贪污罪), O. Henry turned his experiences int vivid strytelling, blending wit with emtinal ____16____ (deep). That his stries remain widely read tday shws hw timeless themes like kindness and resilience cnnect readers acrss generatins. O. Henry’s legacy lies in his ability ____17____ (turn) simple mments int unfrgettable lessns, leaving audiences bth mved and astnished.
【答案】14. whse
15. What 16. depth
17. t turn
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。欧・亨利本名威廉・西德尼・波特，其短篇小说以巧妙情节和意外结局闻名，经历丰富，作品主题永恒、影响深远。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：欧・亨利，他的真名是威廉・西德尼・波特，是一位著名的美国短篇小说家，以其巧妙的情节和出人意料的结局而闻名。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为O.Henry，在后面的定语从句“_____ real name was William Sydney Prter”中，real name与O.Henry是所属关系，即“他的真名”，所以用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
【15题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：让他的故事令人难忘的是其暖心的幽默和具有讽刺意味的结局，这些常常揭示出关于人性的深刻真理。“_____ made his stries unfrgettable”是主语从句，在这个从句中，缺少主语，表示“……的东西/事情”，所以用连接代词what引导，且句首时首字母应大写。故填What。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：欧・亨利因贪污在监狱中度过了数年，他将自己的经历融入生动的故事讲述中，将机智与情感深度相结合。emtinal是形容词，修饰名词，deep的名词形式为depth，意为“深度”，为不可数名词。故填depth。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：欧・亨利遗产在于他有能力将简单的瞬间变成难忘的教训，让读者既感动又惊讶。ability后常接动词不定式作后置定语，the ability t d sth.，表示“做某事的能力”，所以这里用t turn。故填t turn。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
The bilgical clck, an internal system that regulates ur sleep-wake cycle, plays a vital rle in maintaining physical and mental health. Knwn as circadian rhythms, these 24-hur cycles____18____ (cntrl) by a part f the brain which respnds t light and darkness. Hwever, disrupting these rhythms can lead t fatigue, weakened immunity, and even md disrders. When expsed t artificial light at night, especially frm screens, ur bdies prduce less melatnin, a hrmne that prmtes sleep. This explains why staying up late ____19____ (leave) us feeling exhausted. T ptimize health, experts suggest establishing cnsistent rutines, such as waking up at the same time daily and aviding bright lights befre bed. By respecting ur bilgical clck, we can live in harmny ____20____ nature’s rhythm.
【答案】18. are cntrlled
19. leaves 20. with
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。生物钟调节睡眠周期，对身心健康至关重要，打乱节律有害，遵循它可与自然节奏和谐相处。
18题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这些被称为昼夜节律的24小时周期是由大脑中对光线和黑暗做出反应的一部分控制的。此空考查谓语动词。句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，these 24-hur cycles与cntrl之间是被动关系，即周期被控制，所以用被动语态，且主语these 24-hur cycles是复数。故填are cntrlled。
【19题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这就解释了为什么熬夜会让我们感到疲惫。此空考查谓语动词，主语staying up late与leave为主动关系，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；staying up late是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填leaves。
【20题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：通过尊重我们的生物钟，我们可以与自然的节奏和谐相处。这里考查in harmny with，是固定搭配，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填with。
第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The best science bks inspire a sense f wnder and make yu amazed at the incredible wrld we live in. Here are fur f them t feed yur imaginatin.
A Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything by Bill Brysn
Hw did it all begin? And hw did we get here? Cmbining histry and science, the bk ffers a cmprehensive yet entertaining answer t these questins. Bill Brysn takes the reader n an impressive jurney thrugh the greatest scientific discveries in histry. It explains scientific tpics in a vivid way, but it's quite a lng read.
Thing Explainer by Randall Munre
Hw d helicpters wrk? Or cells? Randall Munre explains hw things wrk using illustratins and nly the mst cmmn 1,000 wrds in English. It will shift yur apprach t explanatin. S, next time explain hw smething wrks rather than merely call it by its name. Hwever, additinally prviding mre technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.
Ask an Astrnaut by Tim Peake
What des it feel like t fly int space? Hw d yu prepare fr it? Astrnaut Tim Peake answers all the questins yu never knew abut ging int space. The bk gives insights int the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-t-day life n bard f the Internatinal Space Statin. Its questin and answer frmat makes it easy t quickly find answers, but it can becme less appealing due t the lack f descriptive language.
Deep Time by Riley Black
Want t knw the stry f ur planet? Riley Black takes us n a jurney, in the rder f time, thrugh the gelgical (地质的) events that have shaped ur planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supprted by easily digestible explanatins f key histrical mments. It als expands n key cncepts in gelgy, astrnmy and bilgy. Yet, measuring the size f sme bjects n the phts is difficult due t the lack f a scale bar (比例尺).
21. Which bk is rganized in the frmat f questin and answer?
A. Deep Time.B. Thing Explainer.
C. Ask an Astrnaut.D. A Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything.
22. What's a shrtcming f Thing Explainer?
A. It is rather t lng.B. It lacks technical terms.
C. It is written in plain language.D. It fails t include clear images.
23. What d A Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in cmmn?
A. They feature vivid illustratins.B. They cmbine science and histry.
C They entertain readers f all ages.D. They explain cncepts in great detail.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四本与科学相关的书籍。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“Ask an Astrnaut by Tim Peake (Tim Peake所著的《我问宇航员》)”下设段落的最后一句“Its questin and answer frmat makes it easy t quickly find answers, but it can becme less appealing due t the lack f descriptive language. (它的问答格式使快速找到答案变得容易，但由于缺乏描述性语言，它可能会变得不那么吸引人。)”可知，《我问宇航员》以问答形式展开。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个小标题“Thing Explainer by Randall Munre (Randall Munre所著的《事物解释者》)”下设段落的最后一句“Hwever, additinally prviding mre technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.(然而，额外提供更多技术术语可能会增强理解和学习体验。)”可知，《事物解释者》这本书没有提供足够多的技术术语，故其缺陷是缺少技术术语。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个小标题“Shrt Histry f Nearly Everything by Bill Brysn (Bill Brysn所著的《几乎所有事物的简史》)”下设段落的第三句“Cmbining histry and science, the bk ffers a cmprehensive yet entertaining answer t these questins. (这本书结合了历史和科学，为这些问题提供了一个全面而有趣的答案。)”以及第四个小标题“Deep Time by Riley Black (Riley Black所著的《深度时间》)”下设段落的第三、四句“The fascinating high-quality images are supprted by easily digestible explanatins f key histrical mments. It als expands n key cncepts in gelgy, astrnmy and bilgy. (关键历史时刻易于理解的解释支撑着这些引人入胜的高质量图像。它还扩展了地质学、天文学和生物学中的关键概念。)”可知，这两本书都结合了科学和历史。故选B项。
B
Life after retirement can be islating fr a lt f peple, but particularly fr lder men wh were ften raised t be prviders and built their whle identities arund their jbs.
Jim Isenberg, nw in his late 70s, knws that feeling. He has had a varied career in transprtatin and yuth services in White Plains. When he first became a grandfather, he went nline trying t find any kind f rganizatin with grandpas. “There were a lt f things with grandmas,” he says, “but nthing fr grandfathers.”
In 2018, Isenberg and his friend Frank Williams ultimately funded their wn grup Grandpas United. Williams, wh wrked as executive directr f the White Plains Yuth Bureau, saw a particular need. “S many children are grwing up withut a male figure r a father,” he says. “And here we have men wh are retiring frm wrk and careers. They have skills that can help yunger peple, especially bys and yung men.”.
Tday, Grandpas United has arund 60 vlunteers, including retired lawyers, teachers, delivery drivers, and plice fficers. One f their initiatives is called JumpStart fr Dads, which helps new, yung fathers adjust t parenthd and learn frm the grandpas’ wn experiences. The grup als visits Church Street Elementary Schl, where they spend lunch hurs with furth-grade bys, playing games and teaching scial skills like shaking hands. The bys find the interactins fun, and the grandpas enjy their energy and penness.
Dr. Linda Fried, dean f Clumbia University’s Mailman Schl f Public Health, says such prgrams benefit bth the children and the vlunteers. She started Experience Crps, where vlunteers frm their early 60s t their mid-80s put in 15 hurs a week at elementary schls fr at least a year. The prgram nt nly imprved children’s academic success, but als the vlunteers’ health, with a study shwing significant brain grwth in male vlunteers ver tw years, particularly in prblem-slving and memry regins. Why? Fried says it may be that because lder men scialize less than wmen t begin with, the cnsistent vlunteer wrk— and seeing they were making a difference — did them the mst gd.
Grandpas United member Marc Sharff knws this firsthand. “One f the things that I lve abut Grandpas, it’s nt nly with the kids, it’s the camaraderie (同志情谊) and building new friendships,” he says, referring t his fellw grandpas. “There are peple I never knew befre. We've develped relatinships, and I cherish that.”
24. Why did Jim Isenberg and Frank Williams establish Grandpas United?
A. T ffer mentrship fr yung fathers and children.
B. T rganize cmmunity events fr families with kids.
C. T create a space fr grandfathers t play games tgether.
D. T prvide training fr retired men seeking re-emplyment.
25. Why might lder men experience greater cgnitive benefit frm vlunteer wrk?
A. They typically devte mre time t vlunteering.
B. They usually find wrking with children mre rewarding.
C. They tend t have fewer scial interactins than lder wmen.
D. They ften pssess a wider range f skills valuable t vlunteer rles.
26. What can we cnclude frm the stry f Grandpas United?
A. Giving is receiving.
B. A rising tide lifts all bats.
C. Many hands make light wrk.
D. It takes a village t raise a child.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。退休后男性易孤独，Jim Isenberg和 Frank Williams创立“爷爷联盟”，该组织惠及孩子与志愿者，实现双向受益 。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“‘S many children are grwing up withut a male figure r a father,’ he says. ‘And here we have men wh are retiring frm wrk and careers. They have skills that can help yunger peple, especially bys and yung men.’(‘很多孩子在成长过程中没有男性形象或父亲的陪伴，’他说。‘而我们这里有一些从工作和职业生涯中退休的男性。他们拥有可以帮助年轻人，尤其是男孩和年轻男性的技能。’)”以及第四段“One f their initiatives is called JumpStart fr Dads, which helps new, yung fathers adjust t parenthd and learn frm the grandpas’ wn experiences. The grup als visits Church Street Elementary Schl, where they spend lunch hurs with furth-grade bys, playing games and teaching scial skills like shaking hands.(他们的一项倡议叫做‘爸爸的启动计划’，帮助年轻的新爸爸适应为人父母的角色，并从爷爷们自己的经验中学习。这个团体还会访问教堂街小学，在那里他们和四年级的男孩们一起吃午饭，玩游戏，并教授像握手这样的社交技能。)”可知，Jim Isenberg和Frank Williams建立“爷爷联盟”是为了给年轻父亲和孩子们提供指导和帮助。故选A 。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Fried says it may be that because lder men scialize less than wmen t begin with, the cnsistent vlunteer wrk — and seeing they were making a difference — did them the mst gd.(弗里德说，这可能是因为一开始老年男性的社交活动就比女性少，持续的志愿工作 —— 以及看到他们正在产生影响 —— 对他们最有好处。)”可知，老年男性从志愿工作中获得更大的认知益处可能是因为他们的社交互动比老年女性少。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段可知“爷爷联盟”的志愿者帮助年轻父亲和孩子们，根据第五段“Dr. Linda Fried, dean f Clumbia University’s Mailman Schl f Public Health, says such prgrams benefit bth the children and the vlunteers.(哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院院长琳达・弗里德博士说，这样的项目对孩子和志愿者都有好处。)”以及最后一段“‘One f the things that I lve abut Grandpas, it’s nt nly with the kids, it’s the camaraderie (同志情谊) and building new friendships,’ he says, referring t his fellw grandpas. ‘There are peple I never knew befre. We've develped relatinships, and I cherish that.’(‘我喜欢‘爷爷联盟’的一点是，这不仅是和孩子们在一起，还有同志情谊和建立新的友谊，’他在谈到他的爷爷同伴们时说。‘这里有一些我以前从未认识的人。我们建立了关系，我很珍惜这一点。’)”可知，“爷爷联盟”的成员在帮助他人的同时自己也获得了友谊等回报，体现了“给予就是获得”。故选A。
C
Glass might sn meet a surprising cmpetitr: bamb. Scientists in China have transfrmed regular bamb int a see-thrugh material that keeps ut fire and water and reduces smke, prviding an envirnmentally friendly replacement fr traditinal glass made frm sand. While glass is still widely used in buildings fr its clearness, its tendency t break easily, heavy weight and envirnmental impact have pushed researchers t lk fr ther materials like clear wd — and nw bamb.
Clear wd, made by remving a natural substance called lignin (木质素 ) and adding plastic-like materials, has been seen as a gd renewable ptin. It is lighter than glass and better at keeping heat ut. Hwever, its tendency t catch fire and the slw grwth rate f trees make it hard t prduce in large amunts: T slve this, researchers at Central Suth University f Frestry and Technlgy fcused n bamb, which grws fully in 4-7 years and prduces fur times mre material per farm area cmpared t trees.
The team applied the methds develped fr making wd see-thrugh t bamb, which has a similar chemical makeup. Specifically, by remving linger, which makes plants lk slid, and filling the bamb fibers with a glass-like liquid called sdium silicate, they changed hw light passes thrugh the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. A final water-blcking treatment created three layers: a prtective uter cating, a middle layer f silicn dixide (a cmmn glass ingredient), and a base layer f sdium silicate. The final material shwed impressive strength, utshining many cmmn plastics.
Imprtantly, the clear bamb shwed special fire safety features. Unlike wd-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blcked water, and stpped dangerus smke and gases frm spreading — key benefits fr building use. When tested as a base fr advanced slar cells, it helped cntrl light better, increasing energy prductin by 15.29%. This duble rle suggests it culd be used in smart buildings that use sunlight fr lighting while creating clean energy. While making this material in large amunts still needs wrk, this discvery supprts envirnmental gals-
27. Why d researchers want t replace glass?
A. Because it is heavy, fragile, and bad fr ur planet.
B. Because it causes smke and damages the ecsystem.
C. Because it csts t much and cannt reduce fire r smke.
D. Because it is transparent, heavy, and envirnmentally unfriendly.
28. Hw did the researchers make bamb see-thrugh?
A. By adding lignin and filling in bamb fibers.
B. By making lignin pass thrugh silicn dixide.
C. By changing sdium silicate int silicn dixide.
D. By taking away lignin and adding sdium silicate.
29. What can be learned abut clear barab frm the text?
A. It prevents water and sunlight frm spreading.
B. It prduces energy when used t build windws.
C. It has ptential fr bth building and energy fields.
D. It is safer, strnger, and clearer than cmmn plastics.
30. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A methd f prducing clear wd.
B. An alternative t cnventinal plastic.
C. A new material gd fr the envirnment.
D. An applicatin f clear bamb in slar cells.
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家将竹子变成可替代玻璃的环保材料。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“While glass is still widely used in buildings fr its clearness, its tendency t break easily, heavy weight and envirnmental impact have pushed researchers t lk fr ther materials like clear wd — and nw bamb. (虽然玻璃因其透明度仍广泛用于建筑中，但其易碎的倾向、重量大以及对环境的影响促使研究人员寻找其他材料，如透明木材 —— 现在还有竹子。)”可知，研究人员想替代玻璃是因为它重、易碎且对地球有害。故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Specifically, by remving lignin, which makes plants lk slid, and filling the bamb fibers with a glass-like liquid called sdium silicate, they changed hw light passes thrugh the material, achieving 71.6% clearness. (具体来说，通过去除使植物看起来是实心的木质素，并用一种叫做硅酸钠的玻璃状液体填充竹子纤维，他们改变了光穿过材料的方式，实现了71.6%的透明度。)”可知，研究人员通过去除木质素并添加硅酸钠使竹子透明。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Imprtantly, the clear bamb shwed special fire safety features. Unlike wd-based materials, it didn’t catch fire easily, blcked water, and stpped dangerus smke and gases frm spreading— key benefits fr building use. When tested as a base fr advanced slar cells, it helped cntrl light better, increasing energy prductin by 15.29%. This duble rle suggests it culd be used in smart buildings that use sunlight fr lighting while creating clean energy. (重要的是，透明竹子显示出特殊的防火安全特性。与木质材料不同，它不易着火，能阻挡水，并阻止危险烟雾和气体的扩散 —— 这是建筑使用的关键优势。当作为先进太阳能电池的基底进行测试时，它能更好地控制光线，将能源产量提高15.29%。这种双重作用表明它可以用于利用阳光照明同时产生清洁能源的智能建筑中。)”可知，透明竹子在建筑和能源领域都有潜力。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Glass might sn meet a surprising cmpetitr: bamb. Scientists in China have transfrmed regular bamb int a see-thrugh material that keeps ut fire and water and reduces smke, prviding an envirnmentally friendly replacement fr traditinal glass made frm sand. (玻璃可能很快会遇到一个令人惊讶的竞争对手：竹子。中国的科学家们已经将普通竹子转化为一种透明材料，这种材料可以防火、防水并减少烟雾，为传统的由沙子制成的玻璃提供了一种环保的替代品。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种对环境有益的新材料——透明竹子。故选C。
D
Nietzsche (尼采) was wrng: When yu gaze lng enugh int the abyss (深渊), the abyss des nt gaze back int yu. Instead, the csmic vid (空洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness.
When lking at the vast universe, there is a temptatin (诱惑) t lk at ur tiny wrld with nihilism, feeling that ur great achievements amunt t nthing, that ur histry fails t leave a mark, and that ur cncerns and anxieties are pintless.
I’m a csmlgist, the kind f scientist wh studies the rigin, histry and evlutin f the universe. I have spent my career researching ne special part f the universe called csmic vids: the vast expanses f nthing that stretch between the galaxies. Mst f ur universe is vid — smewhere arund 80 percent f the vlume f the csms is made f nthing at all. I have spent years wrking t understand what csmic vids teach us abut the wider universe and its dwry. And in the curse f my studies, I have learned t reject that temptatin.
It’s true that Earth is neither large nr lng-lived, but that is nly ne way f measuring significance. Cmpared with the csmic vids, there is smething special happening n ur planet. Earth is still the nly knwn place in the entire universe where cnscius beings raise their curius eyes t the sky and wnder. Earth is the nly knwn place where humans can exist. It is the nly knwn place where laughter, lve, anger and jy exist. The nly knwn place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful cmplexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in ur lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse f mst f the universe.
The same lessns that csmic vids teach us are fund in the vids we encunter in ur wn lives. The presence f vids guarantees the ppsite; they create cntrast; they are full f ptential. The pain we feel frm lss is the last reminder f the gift f a life deeply lved. The silence befre a perfrmance is full f electric expectatin. Our chice t ignre stressful news is necessary t allw us t fcus n what truly matters.
Artists have lng understd the pwer f the vid. The 12th-century pet Saigy nted that the pauses between raindrps were as imprtant as the drps themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility f negative spaces, prclaiming, “Where there is nthing, everything is pssible.”
The universe wn’t d anything fr us except give us the freedm t exist. It is ur jb t fill the universe with meaning and purpse.
31. What des the underlined wrd “nihilism” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Hpe.B. Admiratin.C. Emptiness.D. Purpse.
32. Why des the authr reject the temptatin?
A. Because he is a csmlgist wh believes science.
B. Because he thinks Earth is special as it is small and shrt-lived.
C. Because he thinks human experiences differ frm thse in vids.
D. Because he thinks Earth is the nly place fr human experiences.
33. What's the authr’s purpse in writing Paragraph 5?
A. T reflect n hw vids enrich ur lives.
B. T shw hw pain can be created frm lss.
C. T claim that vids serve as bstacles t human grwth.
D. T argue emtinal vids shuld be filled fr mre significance.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Listening t the Abyss: Nietzsche Revisited
B. Questining the Belief in Human Significance
C. Beynd the Stars: The Science f Csmic Vids
D. Finding Meaning in Vast Silence f the Universe
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从研究宇宙空洞出发，指出地球独特，人类经历有意义，应在宇宙寂静中赋予其意义与目的。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“When lking at the vast universe, there is a temptatin (诱惑) t lk at ur tiny wrld with nihilism, feeling that ur great achievements amunt t nthing, that ur histry fails t leave a mark, and that ur cncerns and anxieties are pintless.(当我们凝视浩瀚的宇宙时，有一种以nihilism看待我们这个微小世界的诱惑，觉得我们的伟大成就毫无意义，我们的历史未能留下痕迹，我们的担忧和焦虑都是毫无意义的。)”可知，划线词nihilism表达的是一种认为一切都无意义、空虚的态度，与下文“feeling that ur great achievements amunt t nthing”对应。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Earth is still the nly knwn place in the entire universe where cnscius beings raise their curius eyes t the sky and wnder. Earth is the nly knwn place where humans can exist. It is the nly knwn place where laughter, lve, anger and jy exist. The nly knwn place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful cmplexities that make us human aren't meaningless. The experiences in ur lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse f mst f the universe.(地球仍然是整个宇宙中已知的唯一一个有意识的生物会带着好奇的目光仰望天空并感到好奇的地方。地球是已知的唯一一个人类可以生存的地方。它是已知的唯一一个有欢笑、爱、愤怒和喜悦存在的地方。是已知的唯一一个我们能找到舞蹈、音乐和艺术的地方。我们的分歧以及所有使我们成为人类的美好复杂性并非毫无意义。我们生活中的经历是特别的，因为它们永远不会发生在宇宙中大部分的空旷区域。)”可知，作者拒绝那种诱惑是因为他认为地球是唯一能产生人类经历的地方，这些经历是特别且有意义的。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“The same lessns that csmic vids teach us are fund in the vids we encunter in ur wn lives. The presence f vids guarantees the ppsite; they create cntrast; they are full f ptential. The pain we feel frm lss is the last reminder f the gift f a life deeply lved. The silence befre a perfrmance is full f electric expectatin. Our chice t ignre stressful news is necessary t allw us t fcus n what truly matters.(宇宙空洞教给我们的同样的道理也存在于我们在自己生活中遇到的空洞里。空洞的存在保证了相反的情况；它们创造了对比；它们充满了潜力。我们因失去而感受到的痛苦是对深深热爱的生命这份礼物的最后提醒。表演前的沉默充满了强烈的期待。我们选择忽略有压力的新闻对于让我们专注于真正重要的事情是必要的。)”可知，作者写第五段的目的是反思空洞是如何丰富我们的生活的，它们创造了对比，带来了潜力。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头提到尼采的观点，引出宇宙空洞的话题，接着作者作为宇宙学家阐述了自己对宇宙空洞的研究以及对人类存在意义的思考，认为地球是特别的，人类的经历在宇宙的空洞中是独特且有意义的，还提到生活中的空洞也有其价值，最后强调宇宙给了我们存在的自由，我们要为宇宙赋予意义和目的。所以D选项Finding Meaning in Vast Silence f the Universe(在宇宙的浩瀚寂静中寻找意义)符合文章主旨。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw many times have yu wndered abut hw much better things might have been if the yunger yu had made different decisins? Or, have yu breathed a sigh f relief when yu recgnize that ne f yur lucky chices ended up much better ff than yu might have been, if things had gne a different way?
____35____ It is the birthplace f emtins such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative utcme t what has actually happened in ne's life hlds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads t unhappiness. It is therefre nt surprising that it has becme a ht tpic f research in scial psychlgy.
Cunterfactual thinking ften plays ut in real-time n natinal televisin after a natural disaster. ____36____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emtinal, and they have ften lst everything that they wned. And yet, we cmmnly hear them use wrds such as “lucky” r “grateful” t describe their feelings.
____37____ If the persn had really been lucky, wuldn’t they still have a huse and have been spared frm all f the grief they must nw endure? Sme psychlgists have argued that ne f the benefits f cunterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tl fr making us mre resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind f the cunterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that wuld have been even wrse. ____38____
Cunterfactual thinking is simply part f wh we are. ____39____ Many psychlgists believe that it exists t helps us crystallize (变明确) the gals that are mst imprtant t us and t imprve ur ability t wisely chse future curses f actin.
A. At first glance, this respnse des nt make much sense.
B. This type f mental “what-ifism” is called cunterfactual thinking.
C. Even thugh it, smetimes makes us sad, it can als d us sme gd
D. The imaginatin f a life has been the inspiratin fr dzens f mvies.
E. News reprters frequently interview survivrs wh have barely escaped with their lives.
F. The mre imprtant the event is, the mre intense ur cunterfactual thinking abut it will be.
G. That paves the way fr psitive emtins that might help them thrugh a very dark time in their lives.
【答案】35. B 36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。反事实思维是对假设情况的思考，在生活中常见，虽有时让人难过，但也有益处，能助人明确目标 。
【35题详解】
上文“Hw many times have yu wndered abut hw much better things might have been if the yunger yu had made different decisins? Or, have yu breathed a sigh f relief when yu recgnize that ne f yur lucky chices ended up much better ff than yu might have been, if things had gne a different way?(有多少次你想过，如果年轻时的你做出了不同的决定，事情可能会好得多？或者，当你意识到你的一个幸运选择最终比事情朝着不同方向发展时要好得多，你是否松了一口气？)”提出了两种关于假设不同选择结果的思考。B选项This type f mental “what-ifism” is called cunterfactual thinking.(这种心理上的“假设主义”被称为反事实思维。)对上文提到的这种思考进行了定义，This type f mental “what-ifism”指代上文的两种假设思考，起到了承上的作用，引出下文对反事实思维的进一步阐述。故选B。
【36题详解】
上文“Cunterfactual thinking ften plays ut in real-time n natinal televisin after a natural disaster.(反事实思维常常在自然灾害发生后在国家电视台上实时展现出来。)”提到反事实思维在自然灾害后的电视上展现，下文“The victims are usually shaken and highly emtinal, and they have ften lst everything that they wned.(受害者通常会受到震动且情绪激动，他们往往失去了所拥有的一切。)”描述了受害者的情况。E选项News reprters frequently interview survivrs wh have barely escaped with their lives.(新闻记者经常采访那些侥幸逃生的幸存者。)说明了在自然灾害后，新闻记者对幸存者的采访，正是反事实思维在电视上展现的一种方式，interview survivrs与下文victims相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选E。
【37题详解】
上文“And yet, we cmmnly hear them use wrds such as ‘lucky’ r ‘grateful’ t describe their feelings.(然而，我们经常听到他们用‘幸运’或‘感激’这样的词来描述他们的感受。)”说受害者用“幸运”或者“感激”描述感受，下文“If the persn had really been lucky, wuldn’t they still have a huse and have been spared frm all f the grief they must nw endure?(如果这个人真的幸运，他们难道不应该仍然拥有一所房子，并且免受他们现在必须忍受的所有痛苦吗？)”对这种“幸运”的说法提出质疑。A选项At first glance, this respnse des nt make much sense.(乍一看，这种反应没有多大意义。)中的this respnse指代上文受害者用“幸运”或者“感激”描述感受这种反应，des nt make much sense引出下文对这种反应的质疑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A。
【38题详解】
上文“Sme psychlgists have argued that ne f the benefits f cunterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tl fr making us mre resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind f the cunterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that wuld have been even wrse.(一些心理学家认为，反事实思维的好处之一是它可以成为使我们更具复原力的有效工具。反事实思考者的头脑可以很容易地想象出更糟糕的情况。)”提到反事实思维的好处以及能想象更糟的情况。G选项That paves the way fr psitive emtins that might help them thrugh a very dark time in their lives.(这为积极的情绪铺平了道路，这些积极情绪可能会帮助他们度过生活中非常黑暗的时期。)中的That指代上文imagine circumstances that wuld have been even wrse，进一步说明了反事实思维能带来积极情绪帮助度过黑暗时期，承接上文阐述反事实思维的好处。故选G。
【39题详解】
上文“Cunterfactual thinking is simply part f wh we are.(反事实思维只是我们自身的一部分。)”强调反事实思维是我们的一部分，下文“Many psychlgists believe that it exists t helps us crystallize (变明确) the gals that are mst imprtant t us and t imprve ur ability t wisely chse future curses f actin.(许多心理学家认为，它的存在是为了帮助我们明确对我们最重要的目标，并提高我们明智地选择未来行动方案的能力。)”说明反事实思维的积极作用。C选项Even thugh it, smetimes makes us sad, it can als d us sme gd.(即使它有时会让我们难过，但它也能对我们有一些好处。)中的Even thugh it, smetimes makes us sad对应上文反事实思维是我们的一部分（可能带来消极影响），it can als d us sme gd引出下文反事实思维的积极作用，起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What makes sme peple incapable f aplgizing even when they’re clearly in the wrng?
Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth. When their delicate eg(自我) cannt absrb the blw f admitting they were wrng, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue abut basic facts t prevent the threat f having t lwer themselves by ffering an aplgy.
Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength. That’s because utwardly they appear t be tugh individuals wh refuse t back dwn. But this desn’t shw that they’re strng—it shws that they’re weak.
Admitting that we’re wrng is emtinally uncmfrtable and painful t ur sense f self. In rder t take respnsibility and aplgize, ur self-wrth needs t be strng enugh t absrb that discmfrt. Indeed, if ur self-wrth is higher and mre stable, we can tlerate the temprary discmfrt that such an admissin invlves—withut the walls arund ur eg falling dwn.
But if ur self-wrth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discmfrt can g thrugh ur defensive walls and scre a direct hit t ur eg. Indeed, the mre fixed ne’s defense mechanisms are, the mre delicate the eg they’re prtecting.
The mistake we ften make when faced with smene wh’s habitually incapable f aplgizing is t becme angry and try t win ur argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.
40. Why can’t sme peple aplgize?
41. What d many peple mistakenly think f a nn-aplgizer’s defensiveness?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
►When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
43. In additin t what is mentined in the passage, what else can yu d if yur friend refuses t aplgize t yu? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
41. They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
42. When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
43. 言之有理即可。
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
【43题详解】
开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are nt friends yu interact with regularly, yu can cnsider minimizing cntact with them. But if they are clse cnnectins, yu can accept their behavir and try t make yur peace with them.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“AI助力英语学习”的讲座，作为俱乐部负责人，你打算邀请你校国际部外教 Jim 为你们年级做这个讲座。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 邀请并告知时间地点；
2. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hpe this message finds yu well. As the head f ur schl’s English Club, I’m writing t invite yu t deliver a lecture titled “AI-Pwered English Learning” fr ur Grade 12 students. The event is scheduled fr next Friday, 3 PM, in the schl auditrium.
We’d lve it if yu culd cver tw main aspects: first, intrduce sme cutting-edge AI tls that can assist in vcabulary building and grammar practice, as these are cmmn challenges fr us. Secnd, share practical tips n using AI fr cnversatinal English imprvement, which is crucial fr ur upcming ral exams. Yur insights wuld be incredibly valuable and inspiring.
Lking frward t yur psitive reply. Thank yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件，邀请并告知时间地点以及建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
安排：schedule→arrange
演讲：lecture→speech
宝贵的：valuable→precius
建议：tip→advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As the head f ur schl’s English Club, I’m writing t invite yu t deliver a lecture titled “AI-Pwered English Learning” fr ur Grade 12 students.
拓展句：As the head f ur schl’s English Club I’m writing t invite yu t deliver a lecture, whse title is “AI-Pwered English Learning” fr ur Grade 12 students.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As the head f ur schl’s English Club, I’m writing t invite yu t deliver a lecture titled “AI-Pwered English Learning” fr ur Grade 12 students. (运用了过去分词作定语)
【高分句型2】Secnd, share practical tips n using AI fr cnversatinal English imprvement, which is crucial fr ur upcming ral exams.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)