2024北京北师大二附中高二（下）期中英语试卷

这是一份2024北京北师大二附中高二（下）期中英语试卷，共20页。试卷主要包含了词汇，完型填空，阅读理解，选词填空，语法填空，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
说明：
本试卷共10页，115分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
一、词汇（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）
词义匹配
1. cnfine________________
2. resist________________
3. feature________________
4. explre________________
词义匹配
5. nutritinal________________
6. identical________________
7. dramatic________________
8. vertical________________
词义匹配
9. distant________________
10. fatal________________
11. artificial________________
12. exceptinal________________
词义匹配
13. gravity________________
14. edge________________
15. diplma________________
16. interval________________
词义匹配
17. frm________________
18. grund________________
19. variatin________________
20. trial________________
二、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Gd Custdian
I knw a wman wh tries hard t be a gd custdian. I pass her every day after schl as she pushes her cart dwn my hallway. Of curse, she is my building’s cleaner.
One Tuesday mrning I came int schl and saw a ____21____ n my desk frm my custdian.
It seemed that sme unbearable first year students had damaged the bathrm in a particularly disgusting way and she had been charged t clean it. This tk ____22____ than she had expected. She had left the typewritten nte n my desk t ____23____ fr nt being able t clean my rm as she was ____24____ t d.
At the beginning f the perid, I shared her nte with my first perid class. When I mentined that ur custdian had aplgized t us, their first ____25____ was t vlunteer t seek ut and beat up thse first year students fr making ur custdian have t clean up their mess. It turned ut that just abut all f my students als knew ur custdian by name — all f them respnded with smiles and talked fr a lng time abut this time r that time when she’d ____26____ each f them in the hallway. That she felt she needed t aplgize earned a strng reactin frm many f the kids.
As the class perid was abut t end, d asked them t check the flr like I d every perid and thanked them fr picking up any garbage even if it wasn’t theirs. My entire class disappeared; they each disappeared instantly ____27____ their desks t pick up thse annying tiny pieces f paper that fall s easily frm ntebks. One girl made a cmment that I later used with my ther classes: “Her jb might be t clean the rm, but she shuldn’t have t clean up after us, There’s a difference.”
I believe that peple knw the difference between right and wrng. I believe that peple appreciate it when thers ____28____ take care f them. And I believe that peple, even adlescents’ wh are nt quite yet mature, appreciate it when they see smene wh takes ____29____ in her wrk. Smetimes we need a _____30_____ f the things we take fr granted … things like a gd custdian t take care f us.
21. A. paperB. handbkC. nteD. letter
22. A. shrterB. lngerC. mreD. less
23. A. aplgizeB. regretC. appealD. cmplain
24. A. recmmendedB. believedC. apprvedD. scheduled
25. A. answerB. reactinC. decisinD. behavir
26. A. visitedB. calledC. praisedD. greeted
27. A. abveB. underC. beyndD. acrss
28. A. freelyB. gentlyC. hpefullyD. sincerely
29. A. advantageB. prideC. actinD. chance
30. A. keeperB. caretakerC. reminderD. bserver
三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
31. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.B. It ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
32. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
33. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
B
The memry f ne particular summer evening is still burned in my brain as if it were yesterday. There was nthing but wide-pen fields fr miles and miles arund ur rural Minnesta hme. Me never saw strangers nt ever and here n this ht evening was a real live ne walking up ur driveway.
A yung man, a slightly- built hitchhiker (搭便车的人) apprached ur dr. He knew there was a strm cming, and he desperately needed shelter. Nt wanting t intrude n ur hme and family, he asked my dad if he culd sleep in ur basement fr the night fr prtectin frm the rain. Instead f saying yes, my dad laded us all up in the 1959 Chevrlet: five kids, my mum, and the man.
Our family cnsisted f three lder children whse father had died yung and three mre children frm the unin r my mther and father. Our lder brther Jerry was in the Navy, n a ship smewhere verseas. Our mum and dad wrried abut him.
We drve him 10 miles t the next twn, where Dad bught the man a rm fr the night alng with a ht evening meal. In the car after we drpped ff the stranger, I heard my dad say t my mum, “I just hpe that it Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned t him.”
Weeks later, Dad tld my uncle abut the yung man. My uncle suggested that perhaps my dad shuldn’t have taken the risk f having a stranger in ur car. My dad replied, “Yu are abslutely right. I shuld have invited him int ur hme.”
34. What des the underlined phrase “intrude n” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Disturb.B. Scare.C. Embarrass.D. Upset.
35. Hw did the authr’s father help the stranger?
A. By prviding a bed fr him in the basement.
B. By letting him stay fr the night in the car.
C. By taking him t a htel in anther twn.
D. By cking a ht evening meal fr him.
36. What d we knw abut the authr’s family?
A. The family had five children in ttal.
B. Jerry was serving in the army in the USA.
C. They had n spare rm fr the hitchhiker.
D. Dad wished his elder sn t be treated kindly.
C
If a diver surfaces t quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrgen (氮) disslved (溶解) in his bld is suddenly liberated by the reductin f pressure. The cnsequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a jint, is sharp pain and a bent bdy- thus the name. If the bubbles frm in his lungs r his brain, the cnsequence can be death.
Other air- breathing animals- als suffer this decmpressin (减压) sickness if they surface t fast: whales, fr example. And s, lng ag, did ichthysaurs. That these ancient sea animals gt the bends can be seen frm their bnes. If bubbles f nitrgen frm inside the bne they can cut ff its bld supply. This kills the cells in the bne, and cnsequently weakens it, smetimes t the pint f cllapse. Fssil banes that have caved in n themselves are thus a sign that the animal nce had the bends.
Bruce Rthschild f the University f Kansas knew all this when he began a study f ichthysaur bnes t find ut hw widespread the prblem was in the past. What he particularly wanted t investigate was hw ichthysaurs adapted t the prblem f decmpressin ver the 150 millin years. T this end, he and his clleagues traveled the wrld’s natural- histry museums, lking at hundreds f ichthysaurs frm the Triassic perid and frm the later Jurassic and Cretaceus perids.
When he started, he assumed that signs f the bends wuld be rarer in yunger fssils, reflecting their gradual evlutin f measures t deal with decmpressin. Instead, he was astnished t discver the ppsite. Mre than 15% f Jurassic and Cretaceus ichthysaurs had, suffered the bends befre they died, but nt a single Triassic specimen (标本) shwed evidence f that srt f injury
If ichthysaurs did evlve an anti- decmpressin means, they clearly did s quickly— and, mst strangely, they lst it afterwards. But that is nt what Dr. Rthschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evlutin in ther animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends ften d s because they have surfaced t escape a predatr (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One f the features f Jurassic ceans was an abundance f large sharks and crcdiles, bth f which were fnd f ichthysaur lunches. Triassic ceans, by cntrast, were mercifully shark- and crcdile- free. In the Triassic, then, ichthysaurs were t f the fd chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceus, they were prey (猎物) as well as predatr— and ften had t make a speedy exit as a result.
37. Which f the fllwing is a typical symptm f the bends?
A. A twisted bdy.
B. A drp in bld pressure.
C. A gradual decrease in bld supply.
D. A sudden release f nitrgen in bld.
38. The purpse f Rthschild’s study is t see ______.
A. why ichthysaurs bent their bdies
B. when ichthysaurs brke their bnes
C. hw ften ichthysaurs caught the bends
D. hw ichthysaurs adapted t decmpressin
39. Rthschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4______.
A. cnfirmed his assumptin
B. disagreed with his assumptin
C. changed his research bjectives
D. speeded up his research prcess
40. Rthschild might have cncluded that ichthysaurs ______.
A. failed t evlve an anti- decmpressin means
B. died ut because f large sharks and crcdiles
C. gradually develped measures against the bends
D. evlved an anti- decmpressin means but sn lst it
D
An 8-year-ld by I knw is small fr his age, shrter and slighter than his friends, even smaller than his 5-year-ld sister. Cncerned abut the increasing use and pssible risks f grwth hrmne(生长激素), I asked his mther if she’d cnsidered treating him with it. She replied, “Nt really. He’s built like his father, wh was shrt and slight as a by and didn’t sht up until cllege.”
His father, at 41, is nw 6 feet tall, thugh still very slender. He recalls being a reasnably athletic child but withut the physical pwer f his friends, making up fr what he lacked in mass with speed and agility. “I enjyed cmpetitive sprts and wrked n skills thers didn’t have,” he tld me, and said he encurages his sn t recgnize and capitalize n the skills he has.
If nly every parent with a shrt but healthy child apprached the matter as sensibly. Experts estimate that 60% t 80% f children wh are shrt fr their age d nt have a grwth hrmne deficiency(缺乏) r ther medical cnditin that limits grwth. But knwing there’s a therapy available t increase height, sme parents seek a medical slutin fr a perceived prblem, even when there is n medical abnrmality. They shuld als knw, hwever, that new research has linked grwth hrmne treatment t serius unfavrable health effects years later.
Dr. Adda Grimberg, a dctr at Children’s Hspital f Philadelphia, recalled that “Twenty years ag, families were fcused n health. They came in with a child wh was nt grwing right and wanted t knw if there was an underlying disease. Nw, mre and mre, they’re fcused n height. They want grwth hrmne, lking fr a specific height. But this is nt like nline shpping; yu can’t just place an rder and make a child the height yu want.”
In 2003, the Fd and Drug Administratin apprved use f recmbinant human grwth hrmne fr the cnditin knwn as “idipathic shrt stature”, r shrt build f unknwn cause, which is nt a disease. But it has caused a grwing number f parents t cnsider using the hrmne t bst the height f their children.
The resulting rush t therapy reflects cncerns abut a widespread scietal bias(偏见) against shrtness, rather than a true medical need. Experts have nted that the practice backs up the belief that shrt stature is unacceptable, leading t an increasing demand fr therapy. It is far better, Dr. Grimberg suggested, t help a shrt child develp cping skills than t buy inches thrugh medicine.
41. As fr the parents’ attitude t their 8-year-ld by’s shrtness, the authr is ________.
A. criticalB. tlerantC. supprtiveD. wrried
42. Hw d many parents tday react t their children’s shrtness?
A. They are eager t get the expected result.
B. They spare n effrt t srt ut the cause.
C. They feel disturbed by their children’s health.
D. They help develp their children’s cping skills.
43. What can we learn abut the grwth hrmne treatment?
A. It might be fficially recmmended.
B. It may fuel height discriminatin.
C. It is pushed by a medical need.
D. It is targeted at certain diseases.
44. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Shwer the Shrt with Grwth Hrmnes
B. Find Replacement fr Grwth Hrmnes
C. Assess the Effects f Grwth Hrmnes
D. Weigh the Use f Grwth Hrmnes
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Giant Panda Is N Lnger Endangered
A leading internatinal grup has taken the giant panda ff its endangered list thanks t decades f cnservatin effrts, but China's gvernment is unwilling t accept the change, saying it did nt view the status f the cuntry's belved symbl as any less serius.
The Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature (IUCN) said in a reprt that the panda is nw classified as a “vulnerable” instead f “endangered” species, reflecting its grwing numbers in the wild in suthern China.___45___That is the result f wrk by Chinese agencies t carry ut hunting bans and expand frest reserves.
In a statement, China's State Frestry Administratin said that it dubted the classificatin change because pandas' natural habitats have been mainly separated by human causes.The animals live in small, islated grups f as few as 10 pandas that struggle t reprduce and face the risk f disappearing altgether.If we relax ur cnservatin wrk, the ppulatins and habitats f giant pandas wuld still suffer a great lss.___46___Therefre, we're nt being alarmist (危言耸听的) by cntinuing t emphasize the panda species' endangered status.
___47___Jhn Hward, a senir fficial at Wrld Sciety fr the Prtectin f Animals, expressed his satisfactin ver the effective measures taken by the Chinese gvernment.The Chinese gvernment and the Wrld Wildlife Fund (WWF) first established the Wlng Natinal Nature Reserve in Sichuan prvince in 1980.Wild panda numbers have since slwly rebunded as China cracked dwn n the skin trade.___48___
Over the last few decades, internatinal grups and the Chinese gvernment have wrked t save wild pandas and breed them in face f their extinctin.It is nt surprising that the WWF, whse lg has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classificatin.___49___
A. As a result, ur achievements wuld be quickly lst.
B. The wild panda ppulatin jumped t 1,864 in 2014 frm 1,596 in 2004.
C. Still, ther animal prtectin rganizatins praised the recvery f the pandas.
D. Panda has lng been a symbl f China and the glbal cnservatin mvement.
E. And China gradually expanded its prtected frest areas t cver 1.4 millin hectares nw.
F. Sme pandas have been sent t zs arund the wrld as a gesture f Chinese diplmatic gdwill.
G. It says that aggressive investment des pay ff when science, plitical will and engagement cme tgether.
四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。
50. Chess can be an extremely ____________ game.
51. We knw that taste in art is a（n）____________ matter.
52. The cllege is ____________ at the ft f the muntain.
53. While exercise is beneficial fr the human bdy, t much may ____________ injuries.
54. He is nt gd at scializing. He’s mre ____________ with cmputers than with peple.
用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次(每组有一个多余的选项)。
55. Jane is well ____________ fr this teaching jb.
56. It is difficult ____________ the rapid pace f change.
57. Cmputer prgramming needs smene with a(n)____________ mind.
58. Her ____________ and supprt strengthened ur determinatin t win.
59. If yu want t take a bk ut f the library, yu need first t fill in and submit a(n)____________ frm fr a library card.
五、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My name is Barbara and I wrk at a department stre. I ____60____(wrk) there fr ne year when anther Barbara jined the staff. Then I changed my name tag frm “Barb” t “Barbie”. ____61____made me feel funny was hw small kids talked abut me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my ther jb, t and began answering the phne, “This is Barbie. Hw can I help yu?” The callers have gtten used t that ver time, ninety percent f ____62____nw respnd with my name: “Barbie, can yu tell me.” Prnuncing that lng “e” sund frces yur muth int a smile, but I have fund the smile is usually returned vluntarily.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It’s said that fr the Englishman, his huse is his castle. Hwever, this des nt mean that his huse is a beautiful palace that thers ____63____ (invite) t see. Fr the British, the hme is a place t prtect neself frm the utside wrld. It’s a private place in which he ges t hide away ____64____ the trubles f life. T the American, the hme is an expressin f ____65____ (he). Much mney is ften spent n each and every rm ____66____ (create) the right “feel” accrding t the persn’s lifestyle. Therefre, he is happy t shw his huse t thers.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smke jumpers are firefighters, trained t fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____67____(use) a parachute, jump int remte wild areas t fight fires. Smke jumpers have t respnd quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilt ____68____(drp) team members int the area as needed. Their first jb may be t build a fire line t stp the fire frm spreading. Water is sent dwn t them. Smke jumpers must be ____69____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their jb is very dangerus.
六、阅读表达（共4小题；第70、71每题2分，第72题3分，第73题5分，满分12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What makes sme peple incapable f aplgizing even when they’re clearly in the wrng?
Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth. When their delicate eg(自我) cannt absrb the blw f admitting they were wrng, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue abut basic facts t prevent the threat f having t lwer themselves by ffering an aplgy.
Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength. That’s because utwardly they appear t be tugh individuals wh refuse t back dwn. But this desn’t shw that they’re strng—it shws that they’re weak.
Admitting that we’re wrng is emtinally uncmfrtable and painful t ur sense f self. In rder t take respnsibility and aplgize, ur self-wrth needs t be strng enugh t absrb that discmfrt. Indeed, if ur self-wrth is higher and mre stable, we can tlerate the temprary discmfrt that such an admissin invlves—withut the walls arund ur eg falling dwn.
But if ur self-wrth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discmfrt can g thrugh ur defensive walls and scre a direct hit t ur eg. Indeed, the mre fixed ne’s defense mechanisms are, the mre delicate the eg they’re prtecting.
The mistake we ften make when faced with smene wh’s habitually incapable f aplgizing is t becme angry and try t win ur argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.
70. Why can’t sme peple aplgize?
71. What d many peple mistakenly think f a nn-aplgizer’s defensiveness?
72. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
►When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
73. In additin t what is mentined in the passage, what else can yu d if yur friend refuses t aplgize t yu? (In abut 40 wrds)
七、书面表达（满分15分）
74. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐一门选修课；
2. 说明推荐的理由；
3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、词汇（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
【1题详解】
cnfine， 动词，意为“禁闭;限制”，与B项“禁闭”意思一致。故选B项。
【2题详解】
resist， 动词，意为“抵抗；反抗”，与A项“抵抗”意思一致。故选A项。
【3题详解】
feature，动词，意为“担任主演；以……为特色”，与D项“担任主演”意思一致。故选D项。
【4题详解】
explre，动词，意为“探讨；探索”，与C项“探讨”意思一致。故选C项。
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A
【5题详解】
nutritinal，形容词，意为“营养的”，与C项“营养的”意思一致，故选C项。
【6题详解】
identical，形容词，意为“完全相同的”，与B项“完全相同的”意思一致，故选B项。
【7题详解】
dramatic，形容词，意为“巨大的”，与D项“巨大的”意思一致，故选D项。
【8题详解】
vertical，形容词，意为“垂直的”，与A项“垂直的”意思一致，故选A项。
【答案】9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C
【9题详解】
distant, 形容词, 意为“冷淡的”, 故选D项。
【10题详解】
fatal, 形容词, 意为“致命的”, 故选A项。
【11题详解】
artificial, 形容词, 意为“人工的”，故选B项。
【12题详解】
exceptinal, 形容词, 意为“杰出的”, 故选C项。
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B
【13题详解】
gravity, 名词, 汉语含义为“重力”, D项“重力”与该词含义一致, 故选D项。
【14题详解】
edge, 名词, 汉语含义为“优势”, C项“优势”与该词含义一致, 故选C项。
【15题详解】
diplma, 名词, 汉语含义为“毕业证书”, A项“毕业证书”与该词含义一致, 故选A项。
【16题详解】
interval, 名词, 汉语含义为“间隔”, B项“间隔”与该词含义一致, 故选B项。
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A
【17题详解】
frm， 名词， 汉语含义为“格式”，与B项“格式”与该词含义一致， 故选B项。
【18题详解】
grund， 名词， 汉语含义为“理由”，与C项“理由”与该词含义一致， 故选C项。
【19题详解】
variatin，名词， 汉语含义为“差异”，与D项“差异”与该词含义一致，故选D项。
【20题详解】
trial，名词，汉语含义为“试验”，与A项“试验”与该词含义一致，选A项。
二、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述一位尽职尽责的清洁员向作者道歉未能按时打扫房间，以及学生们对此事的积极反应，展现了人们对认真工作者的欣赏和尊重，强调了即使是青少年也能明辨是非，懂得感恩他人的付出，并呼吁人们珍视那些被视为理所当然的关怀和服务，比如一位优秀的清洁员。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个星期二的早上，我来到学校，看到我的桌子上有一张来自管理员的便条。A. paper论文；B. handbk手册；C. nte纸条；D. letter信件。根据下文“the typewritten nte n my desk”她给我留了一张纸条，故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这花费的时间比她预期的要长。A. shrter更短的；B. lnger更长的；C. mre更多的；D. less较少的。根据下文“She had left the typewritten nte n my desk t ____3____ fr nt being able t clean my rm as she was ____4____ t d.”可知，她留下纸条道歉没能按时帮我清理教室，由此可推知清理浴室所需时间比她预期的更长，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把打字的便条留在了我的桌子上，为未能按计划打扫我的房间而道歉。A. aplgize道歉；B. regret遗憾；C. appeal吸引；D. cmplain投诉。根据下文“ur custdian had aplgized t us”可知，她是留下纸条给我道歉的，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把打字的便条留在了我的桌子上，为未能按计划打扫我的房间而道歉。A. recmmended推荐；B. believed相信；C. apprved批准；D. scheduled预定。根据“fr nt being able t clean my rm as she was ____4____ t d.”可知，清洁工原本是安排好要清理教室的，be scheduled t为固定短语，意为“按计划”，故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我提到我们的清洁员向我们道歉时，他们的第一反应是自愿寻找并殴打那些一年级学生，因为他们让我们的清洁员得不清理他们的烂摊子。A. answer回答；B. reactin反应；C. decisin决定；D. behavir行为。根据“When I mentined that ur custdian had aplgized t us, their first ____5____ was t vlunteer t seek ut and beat up thse first year students”可知，当我提到清洁员向我们道歉时，他们的遏第一反应是去找那些一年的学生，故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，我几乎所有的学生都知道我们的清洁员的名字——他们都微笑着回应，并就她在走廊上向他们每个人打招呼的这一次或那一次谈了很长时间。A. visited拜访；B. called打电话；C. praised称赞；D. greeted打招呼。根据上文“It turned ut that just abut all f my students als knew ur custdian by name— all f them respnded with smiles”可知，几乎所有学生知道清洁员的没可能工资，在走廊上遇到时会微笑回应并与清洁员打招呼，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的整个班级都消失了;他们每个人都立即消失在桌子下，捡起那些容易从笔记本上掉下来的烦人的小纸片。A. abve在……上；B. under在……下；C. beynd超过；D. acrss穿过。根据下文“t pick up thse annying tiny pieces f paper”可知，学生们是迅速钻到桌子底下捡垃圾，故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当别人真诚地照顾他们时，人们会感激它。A. freely自由地；B. gently清清地；C. hpefully希望；D. sincerely真诚地。根据“I believe that peple appreciate it when thers ____8____ take care f them”可知，此处是指学生们会感激真诚照顾他们的人，故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当人们，甚至是还不太成熟的青少年看到有人为自己的工作感到自豪时，他们会很感激。A. advantage优势；B. pride骄傲；C. actin行动；D. chance机会。根据“And I believe that peple, even adlescents’ wh are nt quite yet mature, appreciate it when they see smene wh takes ____9____ in her wrk.”可知，人们会感激那些为自己的工作感到骄傲的人，take pride in为固定短语，表示“以……为傲”，故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我们需要一个提醒者来提醒我们这些我们认为理所当然的事情。A. keeper看守人；B. caretaker看门人；C. reminder提醒的人；D. bserver观察者。根据下文“f the things we take fr granted … things like a gd custdian t take care f us.”可知，我们需要像哪位清洁员一样的提醒者，时时提醒我们不要把所有的事情都当成理所当然，故选C项。
三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲在一个即将下暴雨的夏日帮助一个陌生人的故事。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Nt wanting t intrude n ur hme and family, he asked my dad if he culd sleep in ur basement fr the night fr prtectin frm the rain. (他不想……我们的家和家人，他问我爸爸是否可以在我们的地下室睡一晚，以防下雨。)”可知，这个陌生人应该是不想打扰作者的家人，询问是否可以住在地下室；由此猜测，划线词的意思是“打扰”，与Disturb(打扰)同义。故选A项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中“We drve him 10 miles t the next twn, where Dad bught the man a rm fr the night alng with a ht evening meal. (我们开车带他到10英里外的下一个城镇，在那里爸爸给他买了一个房间过夜，还给他买了一顿热腾腾的晚餐。)”可知，作者的父亲通过带这个陌生人去了另一个城镇的旅馆来帮助他。故选C项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“In the car after we drpped ff the stranger, I heard my dad say t my mum, “I just hpe that it Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned t him.” (在我们把陌生人送下车后的车上，我听到我爸爸对我妈妈说：“我只希望杰瑞需要任何东西，这种善意会归还给他。)”可知，爸爸希望他的大儿子受到善待。故选D项。
【答案】37. A 38. D 39. B 40. A
【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了对鱼龙等海洋生物变弯曲的原因的研究。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。第一段“The cnsequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a jint, is sharp pain and a bent bdy- thus the name. If the bubbles frm in his lungs r his brain, the cnsequence can be death.(如果气泡积聚在关节处，后果就是剧烈疼痛和身体弯曲——因此得名。如果气泡在它的肺部或脑部形成，后果可能是死亡)”可知，遭遇bend的症状是sharp pain and a bent bdy，即扭曲的身体。故选A。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“What he particularly wanted t investigate was hw ichthysaurs adapted t the prblem f decmpressin ver the 150 millin years.(他特别想研究的是鱼龙如何在一亿五千万年间适应减压的问题)”可知，Rthschild教授的研究目的是鱼龙如何适应减压问题，故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Instead, he was astnished t discver the ppsite. (相反，他惊讶地发现情况恰恰相反)”可知，研究结果与他原本的假设相反，故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“If ichthysaurs did evlve an anti- decmpressin means, they clearly did s quickly— and, mst strangely, they lst it afterwards.(如果鱼龙确实进化出了抗减压的能力，那么它们显然进化得太快了——而且最奇怪的是，它们后来就失去了这种能力)”可推知，Rthschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官，故选A。
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在越来越多的家长面对孩子的矮小会想要通过生长激素治疗来达到期望的身高，但其实身材矮小并不是一种疾病，生长激素治疗也会带来很多坏处，作者认为与其这样，还不如帮助矮小的孩子培养应对能力。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“If nly every parent with a shrt but healthy child apprached the matter as sensibly.”（如果每个有一个矮小但健康的孩子的父母都能理智地对待这个问题就好了。）可知，对于这对父母对8岁孩子矮小的态度，笔者表示支持。故选C。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“Nw, mre and mre, they’re fcused n height. They want grwth hrmne, lking fr a specific height. ”（现在，他们越来越关注身高。他们想要生长激素，追求特定的身高。）可知，现在许多父母面对孩子的矮小渴望得到他们预期的结果，想让孩子能长到他们希望的身高。故选A。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The resulting rush t therapy reflects cncerns abut a widespread scietal bias(偏见) against shrtness, rather than a true medical need. ”（由此产生的仓促求医反映了对普遍存在的对身材矮小的社会偏见的担忧，而不是真正的医疗需求。）可知，生长激素治疗可能加剧身高歧视。故选B。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。文章讲述了现在越来越多的家长面对孩子的矮小会想要通过生长激素治疗来达到期望的身高，但其实身材矮小并不是一种疾病，生长激素治疗也会带来很多坏处，作者认为与其这样，还不如帮助矮小的孩子培养应对能力。所以文章主要是讲在生长激素治疗的使用上应该加以权衡。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
【答案】45. B 46. A 47. C 48. E 49. G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大熊猫被The Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature (IUCN)由“濒危物种”划归“易危物种”，文章分析了出现这一情况的原因等。
【45题详解】
横线前句“the panda is nw classified as a “vulnerable” instead f “endangered” specie”提到大熊猫被划归“易危物种”而不是“濒危物种”，这是大熊猫数量增加的结果。B项“The wild panda ppulatin jumped t 1,864 in 2014 frm 1,596 in 2004.”符合三项语境，所以B项正确。
【46题详解】
横线前句“If we relax ur cnservatin wrk, the ppulatins and habitats f giant pandas wuld still suffer a great lss.”提到如果放松保护，大熊猫的数量和栖息地会遭受重大损失。后接“因此，我们的成果会很快失去”。A项“As a result, ur achievements wuld be quickly lst.”符合上下文语境，故A项正确。
【47题详解】
前面提到的是The Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature (IUCN)对我们的表扬。该空后是Wrld Sciety fr the Prtectin f Animals和the Wrld Wildlife Fund (WWF)对我们的表扬。C项“Still, ther animal prtectin rganizatins praised the recvery f the pandas.”符合上下文语境，故C项正确。
【48题详解】
前面提到“.Wild panda numbers have since slwly rebunded as China cracked dwn n the skin trade”中国政府严厉惩罚了熊猫皮交易，所以该空应该是中国政府的另外的一项保护大熊猫的举措。E项“And China gradually expanded its prtected frest areas t cver 1.4 millin hectares nw.”中国政府拓宽大熊猫的领地属于另外一个保护大熊猫的措施。故E项正确。
【49题详解】
横线前句“It is nt surprising that the WWF, whse lg has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classificatin.”提到the WWF庆祝大熊猫被划归“易危物种”而不是“濒危物质”。而G项“It says that aggressive investment des pay ff when science, plitical will and engagement cme tgether.”解释了熊猫被重新归类的原因。故G项正确。
四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【答案】50. absrbing
51. subjective
52. lcated
53. result in
54. cmfrtable
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：国际象棋可能是一种非常吸引人的游戏。根据句意可知，此处表示“吸引人的”，应用形容词absrbing，作定语修饰game。故填absrbing。
【51题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们知道艺术品味是一个主观的问题。根据句意可知，此处表示“主观的”，应用形容词subjective，作定语修饰matter。故填subjective。
【52题详解】
考查动词。句意：这所大学位于山脚下。根据句意可知，此处表示“位于”，应用动词lcate的过去分词形式lcated，作表语。故填lcated。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：虽然锻炼对人体有益，但过度锻炼可能会导致受伤。根据句意可知，此处表示“导致”，应用动词短语result in，may后接动词原形。故填result in。
【54题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他不擅长社交。他与电脑相处起来比与人相处更加自在。根据句意可知，此处表示“自在的，舒适的”，应用形容词cmfrtable，作表语。故填cmfrtable。
【答案】55. qualified
56. t keep up with
57. lgical
58. encuragement
59. registratin
【55题详解】
考查形容词。句意：简完全胜任这项教学工作。根据“fr this teaching jb”以及句意“胜任”比结合提示词qualify可知应填形容词qualified，作表语。故填qualified。
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：要跟上快速变化的步伐是很难的。根据“the rapid pace f change”以及句意“跟上”可知应填keep up with，此处为不定式作真正主语，it作形式主语。故填t keep up with。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：计算机编程需要有逻辑思维的人。根据“Cmputer prgramming”以及句意“逻辑”和提示词中的lgic，可知应填形容词lgical，修饰名词mind，故填lgical。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：她的鼓励和支持坚定了我们必胜的决心。根据“and supprt strengthened ur determinatin t win”以及句意“鼓励”结合提示词encurage可知应填名词encuragement，作主语，不可数。故填encuragement。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果你想把一本书带出图书馆，你需要先填写并提交一张借书证登记表。根据“If yu want t take a bk ut f the library, yu need first t fill in and submit”以及句意“登记”结合提示词register可知应填名词registratin，作定语修饰名词frm。故填registratin。
五、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
【答案】60. had wrked
61. What 62. whm
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。
【60题详解】
考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when anther Barbara jined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处是had wrked。故填had wrked。
【61题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whm”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whm，故填whm。
【答案】63. are invited
64. frm 65. himself
66. t create
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。
【63题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语thers与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away frm。故填frm。
【65题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expressin可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用t d不定式的形式。故填t create。
【答案】67. using
68. drps##will drp
69. highly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用ding形式作方式状语。故填using。
【68题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drps/will drp。
【69题详解】
考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。
六、阅读表达（共4小题；第70、71每题2分，第72题3分，第73题5分，满分12分）
【答案】70. Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
71. They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
72. When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
73. 言之有理即可。
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。
【70题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Peple wh cannt aplgize ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they ften have deep feelings f lw self-wrth,
【71题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfrtunately, many f us mistakenly interpret these peple’s defensiveness as a sign f psychlgical strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think f it as a sign f psychlgical strength.
【72题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situatins, the best we can d is make ur pints as calmly and as cnvincingly as we can and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive—like when they disagree with the facts, cme up with silly excuses r turn t mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t express yur anger and make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible.
When yu are trying t win an argument with a nn-aplgizer, the best way is t make yur pint as calmly and cnvincingly as pssible and then disengage frm the argument when it becmes unprductive.
【73题详解】
开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are nt friends yu interact with regularly, yu can cnsider minimizing cntact with them. But if they are clse cnnectins, yu can accept their behavir and try t make yur peace with them.
七、书面表达（满分15分）
74. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I am glad that yu are interested in Chinese culture and eager t explre mre.
I think the Ancient Petry is yur best chice. By learning Chinese ancient pems, yu can have an extensive knwledge f histry and culture in ancient China. Als, yu can feel the charm f the language by reading pems, which helps t imprve yur Chinese. T fllw the curse well, yu’d better read and recite as many pems as pssible. Besides, it is a gd idea t search fr related backgrund knwledge s that yu will fully understand the cnceptin f petry.
What d yu think f the curse? I am sure yu will have a lt f fun frm it.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【详解】本篇是一篇书信类提纲作文，写作时注意以下几点：
1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点：a 推荐一门选修课；b 说明推荐的理由；c 提出学习这门课程的建议。
2.提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析，构思和想象。要依据提示情景和语句，按照一定的逻辑来写。
3.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态，语态，就本文而言，应该用一般现在时。
4.注意使用高级词汇和高级句式，以增加文章的亮点。
5. 提纲性文章难点：扩充成句，因为提纲性文章主题内容已经基本列出，在将短句扩充时，要精炼。
【范文亮点】
本文语言精炼，并使用了高级句式，如：yu can feel the charm f the language by reading pems, which helps t imprve yur Chinese.定语从句；By learning Chinese ancient pems, yu can have an extensive knwledge f histry and culture in ancient China.非谓语结构；it is a gd idea t search fr related backgrund knwledge s that yu will fully understand the cnceptin f petry.形式主语结构。A.抵抗 B. 禁闭 C. 探讨 D. 担任主演
A. 垂直的 B. 完全相同的 C. 营养的 D. 巨大的
A. 致命的 B. 人工的 C. 杰出的 D. 冷淡的
A. 毕业证书 B. 间隔 C. 优势 D. 重力
A. 试验 B. 格式 C. 理由 D. 差异
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cmfrt; absrb; subject; track dwn; lcate; result in
encurage; lgic; stare at; qualify; register; keep up with