所属成套资源:2025-2026学年新译林版(2024)英语八年级上册 知识点(单词讲解+词组汇总+翻译专练)学案
Unit1单词解析 2025-2026学年新译林版(2024)八年级英语上册(学案)
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这是一份Unit1单词解析 2025-2026学年新译林版(2024)八年级英语上册(学案),共13页。
新译林八上U1单词解析英文中文用法词组拓展(部分含俗语)friendshipn. 友 谊 1. friendship可以用作不可数名词,也可以用作可数名词。当表示具体的或一段“友谊”或“友情”时,用作可数名词。2,词性变化friend、firendship都是名词;friendly形容词。friendly变化:名词:friendliness;副词:friendlily;名词复数:friendlies ;形容词比较级:friendlier ;最高级:friendliest。词组拓展close friendship: 亲密友谊close friendship: 亲密友谊lifelong friendship: 终生友谊lifelong friendship: 终生友谊true friendship: 真正的友谊true friendship: 真正的友谊mutual friendship: 相互友谊mutual friendship: 相互友谊childhood friendship: 童年友谊友情的俗语A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。A true friend is known in the day of adversity.疾风知劲草,患难见真情。Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。honestadj. 诚实的,正直的 1. 形容词用法表示“诚实的、正直的”,既可作表语也可作定语:He is an honest businessman.(他是一位诚实的商人。)She has an honest face.(她有一张真诚的面孔。)48引申为“坦率的、真诚的”:Give me your honest opinion.(请坦率地说出你的意见。)2. 副词用法副词形式为 honestly,表示“诚实地、坦率地”:Tell me honestly, what do you think?(说实话,你怎么想?)To be honest 作为固定短语,作插入语,表示“坦白说”:To be honest, math isn’t my favorite.(说实话,数学不是我的最爱。)be honest with sb.表示“对某人坦诚”:Jane is honest with her parents.(简对父母坦诚。)be honest in (doing) sth.表示“做某事诚实”:He is honest in his work.(他工作诚实。)be honest about sth.表示“对某事诚实”:Be honest about your mistakes.(对错误要诚实。)earn/make an honest living表示“通过正当手段谋生”:He works hard to make an honest living.(他辛勤工作以正当谋生。三、扩展表达与注意事项派生词:名词:honesty(诚实)反义词:dishonest(不诚实的)发音注意:The “h” in “honest” is silent.(honest中的h不发音。)冠词用an固定表达:Let’s be honest...(坦率地说……)Honest to God!(老天作证!)4cheerfuladj. 快乐的,高兴的1. 形容词用法描述人或性格:表示“快乐的、开朗的”,可作表语或定语:She has a cheerful personality.(她性格开朗。)The children were cheerful all day.(孩子们一整天都很快乐。)描述事物或氛围:表示“令人愉悦的、明快的”:The room was painted in cheerful colors.(房间刷成了明快的色调。)2. 副词用法副词形式为 cheerfully:表示“开心地、愉快地”:He cheerfully agreed to help.(他愉快地答应帮忙。)派生词:名词:cheerfulness(快乐,开朗)Her cheerfulness brightens the office.(她的开朗让办公室充满活力。)反义词:cheerless(阴郁的、沉闷的)a cheerless room(阴沉的房间)keep cheerful:保持愉快心情Try to keep cheerful even when things go wrong.(即使事情不顺,也要尽量保持好心情。)cheerful giver(圣经引申):心甘情愿的给予者God loves a cheerful giver.(上帝喜爱心甘情愿的奉献者。)humorousadj. 幽默的 1. 形容词用法描述人或性格:表示“幽默的、风趣的”,可作表语或定语:描述事物(如故事、作品、事件等):表示“诙谐的、有趣的”:The movie has a humorous twist.2. 副词用法副词形式为 humorouslya humorous essay(幽默的散文)a funny situation(滑稽的情景)3.派生词:名词:humor(幽默)British humor is often dry.(英式幽默常是冷幽默。)反义词:humorless(缺乏幽默感的)、serious(严肃的)a humorless person(无趣的人)sense of humor(幽默感):caring/adj.关心他人的,体贴人的 1. 形容词用法描述人或性格:表示“关心他人的、有爱心的”,可作表语或定语:She is a caring mother.(她是一位关爱孩子的母亲。)He has a caring nature.(他天性善良体贴。)描述行为或态度:表示“体现关怀的”:Thank you for your caring words.(感谢你充满关怀的话语。)2.Care本身可以作为名词和动词。名词形式是care,动词形式也是care。然后其他词形包括形容词caring(关爱的)和careful(小心的),副词carefully(小心地),反义词如careless(粗心的)、carelessly(粗心地)、carelessness(粗心)caring + 名词描述人:a caring teacher/doctor/friend(有爱心的老师/医生/朋友)抽象概念:a caring attitude(关怀的态度)a caring community(充满关爱的社区)动词 + caringbe caring toward(s) someone(对某人关爱):seem/sound caring(显得/听起来关心人):Care的短语care about(关心,在意):care for(照顾;喜欢):I don’t care 我不在意take care of(照料;处理):truth n.事 实 名词(不可数 & 可数):不可数:真相,事实(抽象概念)。The truth is, I never liked him.(事实是,我从未喜欢过他。)可数(复数:truths):具体事实或普遍真理。scientific truths(科学真理)universal truths(普世真理)1. 动词 + truthtell the truth(说实话)seek/find the truth(寻求/发现真相)face the truth(面对现实)2. 介词 + truthin truth(实际上,= in reality)the truth about(关于…的真相)the truth behind(背后的真相)3. 形容词 + truth搭配:to tell (you) the truth(坦白说,= honestly)the moment of truth(关键时刻)home truth(逆耳忠言)joken. 笑话,玩笑 名词:笑话,玩笑He told a funny joke.(他讲了个好笑的笑话。)动词:开玩笑Don’t joke about serious things.tell/make a joke(讲笑话)play a joke on someone(捉弄某人)a practical joke(恶作剧)take a joke(开得起玩笑)joke about something(拿某事开玩笑)joke with someone(和某人开玩笑)be joking(在开玩笑)no joke(不是开玩笑,很严重)the joke is on someone(某人反被嘲笑)beyond a joke(过分到无法接受)laugh vi.&v.笑,发笑动词:笑,发笑She laughed at the funny story.(她被那个滑稽的故事逗笑了。)名词:笑声,笑的行为laugh at嘲笑某人/某事:因…发笑:laugh about(对过去的事一笑置之))laugh with(和某人一起笑)laugh off(用笑化解/轻视)have a good laugh(开怀大笑)burst into laughter(突然大笑)laugh one’s head off(笑得前仰后合)no laughing matter(不是开玩笑的事)laugh in someone’s face(当面嘲笑)*teenagern.青少年 名词:青少年(通常指 13-19岁 的年轻人)teenage years(青少年时期)unhappy adj.不 开 心 的 (1) 作形容词作表语:后接介词短语或从句说明原因? She felt unhappy with her exam results.? He was unhappy that no one listened to his idea.作定语:直接修饰名词比较级/最高级:unhappier → unhappiest(2) 副词形式:unhappily He sighed unhappily and walked away.(3) 名词形式:unhappinessunhappy with/about/over:对…不满unhappy at:因某事感到不悦(多指具体行为)(2) 动词搭配feel/become/look/sound unhappymake someone unhappyHis criticism made her unhappy.(3) 固定表达unhappy marriage/relationship 不幸福的婚姻/关系unhappy ending 悲剧结局unhappy coincidence 不幸的巧合unhappy camper(口语)不满的人lievi. 撒谎 lie 有两种主要含义,需根据语境和动词形式区分:撒谎(动词,规则变化:lie → lied → lied → lying)躺;平放;位于(动词,不规则变化:lie → lay → lain → lying)(1) 撒谎相关tell a lie 说谎live a lie 过着虚伪的生活 lie through one’s teeth 厚颜无耻地撒谎(2) 位置/状态相关lie down 躺下lie in wait (for) 埋伏等待lie ahead/in store 即将发生personn. 人,个人Personal 个人的in person 亲自 You need to sign the document in person.on/about one’s person 随身携带(正式)? He had no ID on his person.for a person 对某人而言thoughtn. 想法,主意 名词:表示 想法、思考、思想(可数或不可数)。动词:think(思考)的过去式和过去分词。have a thought 有一个想法 deep in thought 陷入沉思food for thought 引人深思的事物without a second thought 毫不犹豫(2) 动词搭配think + thought 表示反思give thought to 考虑(3) 介词搭配thought about/on 关于…的想法thought of 想到(4)。A penny for your thoughts(口语):询问对方在想什么。*ponytailn.马尾辫seatn. 座位seat 可用作 名词 或 动词,主要含义包括:名词:座位;席位;所在地动词:使就座;可容纳seat vs. sit:seat 是及物动词,需接宾语(如 seat sb.);sit 是不及物动词,无需宾语(如 sit down)。take a seat 坐下(礼貌用语)book/reserve a seat 预订座位back seat 后座;次要地位hot seat 困境(如被问责的位置)(2) 动词搭配seat sb. next to/by 安排某人坐在…旁边seat of power/authority 权力中心(3) 习语与固定表达in the driver’s seat 掌控局面seat belt 安全带on the edge of one’s seat 紧张期待schoolworkn. 学校作业 trustworthyadj. 值得信赖的(1) 动词 + trustworthyprove/be considered/become trustworthy(2) 名词 + trustworthyatrustworthy person/source/guide/advisor(3) 副词 + trustworthyhighly/utterly/completely trustworthypatientadj. 有耐心的形容词:耐心的,忍耐的(反义词:impatient)名词:病人(复数:patients)副词形式patiently(耐心地):反义词:impatient名词.Patiencepatient with sb./sth. 对某人/事有耐心? Parents should be patient with children’s mistakes.patient in doing sth. 耐心做某事understandvt.&vi. 理解表示 “理解、明白”,可指对语言、概念、情感的领会,也可引申为“谅解、体谅”或“获悉”。过去式/过去分词:understood反义词:misunderstand(误解)understand about sth. 了解某事(整体情况)understand from sth. 从…得知make oneself understood 表达清楚(尤指语言不通时)bitn.小量名词:少量、一点(常用短语:a bit)二进制位(计算机术语)马嚼子(马具)钻头(工具)动词:bite(咬)的过去式(过去分词:bitten)。2. 名词用法(少量、一点)(1) 表示“少量”a bit (of sth.) 一点(后接不可数名词或抽象概念):a bit 作副词,修饰形容词或副词,表示“稍微”:(2) 时间或距离的“一小段”bit by bit 逐渐地do one’s bit 尽一份力not a bit 一点也不(= not at all)champ/chafe at the bit 迫不及待(原指马咬嚼子急不可耐)(1) 程度表达a bit too... 有点过于…a bit much 太过分(2) 模糊数量bits and pieces 零碎东西a bit of a... 有点…(后接名词,表负面评价)a little bit有点儿 funnyadj. 好 笑 的有趣的,滑稽的(强调引人发笑)近义词:humorous, amusing反义词:serious, boring奇怪的,反常的(隐含困惑或怀疑)That’s funny!表示“真奇怪!”(根据语境可褒可贬)It’s funny that... 奇怪的是…feel funny 感觉不适/不对劲funny business 可疑的勾当funny bone 肘部尺骨端(被撞到会发麻的部位)funny face 鬼脸sensen. 理解力;感觉 名词:感官(视觉、听觉等)感觉、直觉道理、意义意识、判断力动词:感觉到、意识到a sense of... 一种…的感觉:? She felt a sense of guilt after lying.? He has no sense of direction.(没有方向感)sixth sense 第六感make sense 有意义,讲得通? His explanation doesn’t make sense.? It makes sense to save money for emergencies.in a sense 在某种意义上common sense 常识come to one’s senses 恢复理智? He finally came to his senses and apologized.take leave of one’s senses 失去理智? Have you taken leave of your senses?in every sense (of the word) 从任何意义上in the sense that... 在…的意义上? Success is subjective in the sense that it varies for each person.out of a sense of... 出于…的意识humourn.(=AmE humor)幽默sense of humour n.幽默感 bored adj.厌倦的,烦闷的 bored(形容词)表示 “感到无聊的”,描述人的主观感受,通常因缺乏兴趣或重复性活动引起。反义词:interested(感兴趣的)事物本身“无聊”用 boring(形容词):? I’m bored.(我感到无聊)? The movie is boring.(电影本身无聊)1. 核心短语搭配(1) 介词搭配bored with... 对…感到厌烦(最常用)? I’m bored with this repetitive job.bored by... 因…感到无聊(强调被动)? She was bored by the long lecture.bored of... 对…厌烦(口语化,非正式)energeticadj.精力充沛的 常用搭配:energetic + 名词(person, performance, discussion)副词修饰:highly/very + energeticfull of energy(同义替换)? The volunteers were full of energy during the event.put energy into...(动词短语)? She puts a lot of energy into her work.active/adj. 积极的;活跃的 active(形容词)表示 “活跃的,积极的”,可描述人、事物或行为的主动状态,强调实际参与或动态特征。actively 副词(积极地;活跃地)activity 名词(活动;行动)take an active part in... 积极参与? Students should take an active part in school events.on active duty(军人)在役encouragevt. 鼓 励encourage(及物动词)表示 “鼓励;促进;支持”,强调通过言语、行动或环境激发信心或推动积极行为。encourage someone to do somethingbe encouraged by... 受到…的鼓舞encourage someone in... 支持某人的…方向encourage the use of... 提倡使用believevt.相 信 secretn.秘密keep a secret的用法the secret to/of (doing) sth.的用法in secret的用法keep sth. secret from sb.的用法keep secrets保密worseadj.(bad 的比较级)更差的get worse:病情恶化worse luck!:运气更差what's worse:更糟糕的是go from bad to worse 越来越糟make matters/things worse 让情况更糟the worse for wear 破旧的;筋疲力尽worst adj.(bad的最高级)最差的最高级前通常加 theat (the) worst 在最坏情况下the worst of all 最糟糕的是if the worst comes to the worst 如果最坏的情况发生the worst is over 最糟的已经过去the worst is over 最糟的已经过去get the worst of sth 在…中吃亏/处于劣势in the worst way 极其;非常(口语)heightn.身高,高度 名词(n.)物理高度:人或物的垂直高度 The height of the mountain is 3,000 meters.顶点,顶峰(抽象)At the height of his career, he retired.极端程度at the height of 在…的鼎盛时期/高峰期 She was famous at the height of the Renaissance.in height 在高度上(描述具体数值) The tower is 50 meters in height.to the height of 达到…的顶点in height 在高度上full height 全高度medium height 中等身高at the height of 在...的顶峰Sec.N.秒test n.测验,考查 名词(n.)测试,测验(考试、实验等)We have a math test tomorrow.考验,检验(抽象意义)动词(v.)测试,检验(性能、知识等)考验(人的能力或耐心)have a test:进行测试take a test:参加测试fail the test:测试失败pass the test:测试通过put sth to the test:验证某事物test for sth 检测某物质/疾病 test on sb/sth 在…上进行测试 test sb’s limits 挑战某人的极限test out 试用,试验test the waters投石问路badmintonn. 羽毛球运动howeveradv.然而 副词(adv.):表示 转折 或 对比,相当于 “然而,可是”。? She studied hard; however, she failed the exam.语气强弱:比 but 更正式,多用于书面语。位置灵活:可置于句首、句中或句末,需注意标点符号。balloonn.气 球 scared adj.害怕,恐惧 形容词(adj.):表示 害怕的,恐惧的,强调因外界威胁或想象的危险而产生的情绪。? She felt scared when she heard the loud noise.比较级与最高级:scared → more scared → most scaredscary(形容词,指事物令人害怕)be scared 感到害怕 get scared 变得害怕look scared 看起来害怕make sb scared 使某人害怕scared of (sth/sb) 害怕某事物或某人 scared to (do sth) 害怕做某事(因担心后果) scared by (sth) 被某事物吓到(被动原因) He was scared by the sudden scream.scared for (sb/sth) 为…担心scared stiff 吓得僵住(极度恐惧)scared to death 吓死了(夸张表达) scaredy-cat 胆小鬼(非正式,略带调侃*nearbyadv. 在附近adj. 附近的fight vt.&vi.搏斗,打斗;为 斗争动词(v.)打架,搏斗(物理冲突)斗争,对抗(抽象意义的冲突)努力克服(困难、疾病等)名词(n.)战斗,打架斗争,争取(抽象目标)比赛,对决(体育或比喻)fight against 与…对抗(敌人、问题等)fight for 为…而斗争(权利、理想等) fight with 与…打架/合作(双重含义) fight over 为争夺…而争斗 fight back (tears/anger) 忍住(情绪) fight off 击退,摆脱(疾病、攻击等)get into a fight 卷入争斗 win/lose a fight 赢得/输掉战斗 put up a fight 奋力抵抗 a fair fight 公平对决 Ia fight to the death 殊死搏斗fight fire with fire 以牙还牙deadadj.死的 (1) 形容词(adj.)死亡的,无生命的失效的,不再运行的完全停止的,无活动的精准的,直接的(口语)(2) 副词(adv.)完全地,极度地(强调程度)突然地,直接地(3) 名词(n.)死者(复数形式)最寂静/黑暗的时刻be dead 死亡/失效 dead body 尸体 dead end 死胡同;僵局 dead silence 死寂dead language 已消亡的语言 dead to the world 熟睡/无意识dead wrong 大错特错 dead on time 准时无误the dead of winter 严冬dead meat 完蛋了(威胁)attackvi.&vt. 攻击,袭击 攻击,袭击(物理或言语)抨击,批评(疾病)侵袭着手解决(问题)attack sb/sth 攻击某人/某物 attack sb for (doing) sth 因某事抨击某人 attack a problem积极解决问题be attacked by 被…攻击 attack with words 言语攻击danger n.危 险 危险,风险(不可数):指可能造成伤害或损失的状态。危险的事物/人(可数):具体指某种危险来源。威胁,危机:可能引发负面后果的情况。in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险danger of (doing) sth 有…的风险 danger to sb/sth 对…构成危险run the danger of 冒…的风险braveadj. 勇敢的勇敢的,无畏的? Firefighters are brave people who save lives.(行为)需要勇气的bravely(副词):勇敢地bravery(名词):勇气brave enough to do sth 足够勇敢去做某事get along with sb 与某人和睦相处,关系良好nod vi.&vt.点 头 nod off 打瞌睡 nod in agreement 点头同意nod at/to sb 向某人点头示意 nod one’s head 点头give/get the nod 批准/获得同意a nod and a wink 心照不宣的暗示on the nod 口头同意(非正式once conj.— 就,一旦 副词(adv.)一次(= one time)? I go to the gym once a week.曾经,一度(= in the past)? This building was once a famous theater.一旦(隐含条件,后接完成时或过去分词)? Once published, the book became a bestseller.连词(conj.)一旦……就……(引导条件状语从句)? Once you understand the rules, the game is easy.once a day/week/month 每天/周/月一次once again/once more 再一次once upon a time 从前(故事开头)once in a while 偶尔 once and for all 彻底地,一劳永逸地 once in a lifetime 一生一次(难得的机会)all at once 突然,同时 at once 立刻;同时 for once 就这一次(表例外)once or twice 一两次 feelingn.情感;感觉 (身体或情感的)感觉,感受(可数/不可数)情感,情绪(常用复数形式)预感,直觉(可数)气氛,氛围(不可数)have a feeling (that...) 有某种预感/直觉 express/show feelings 表达情感hurt someone’s feelings 伤害某人的感情 mixed feelings 矛盾的心情 lose the feeling in... 失去某部位的知觉a feeling of... 一种…的感觉 deep/strong feeling 强烈的情感feeling about 对…的看法/感受 feeling for 对…的同情/理解 feeling towards 对…的情感(指向性) feeling in 身体某部位的感觉thoughtfuladj.体贴的;深思的体贴的,考虑周到的(侧重对他人的关怀)深思的,沉思的(侧重认真思考的状态)(作品、设计等)有深度的,有思想的
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