河南省许平汝名校2025届高三下学期二模英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the wman ding?
A. Shwing the way. B. Asking fr help. C. Making an invitatin.
2. What are the speakers prbably enjying?
A. Sme paintings. B. A puzzle. C. Traditinal plays.
3 Why des the wman make an aplgy?
A. She let slip the man’s secret.
B. She left the rm in a mess.
C. She frgt t take the rubbish ut.
4. Hw lng des the swimming pl stay pen at weekends?
A. Three hurs. B. Fur hurs. C. Six hurs.
5 What des the man think f James’s new bk?
A. It is similar t his earlier wrks.
B. It will disappint his fans.
C. It changes a lt in style.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why des the man cme t the wman?
A. T repair a machine. B. T buy clthes. C. T return a sweater.
7. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Custmer and saleswman.
B. Fellw wrkers.
C. Teacher and student.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What des the wman like abut the travel in Bnin Islands?
A. The sense f cmmunity. B. The peaceful lifestyle. C. The cultural diversity.
9. Where d the speakers mst prbably g this summer?
A. An island. B. A village. C. A city.
10. What des the wman value mst abut a vacatin?
A. Being tgether. B. Explring new cities. C. Ging back t nature.
听第8段材料，回答第11 至13题。
11. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At hme. B. In a studi. C. In a classrm.
12 What caused Clare t start a WhatsApp grup?
A. Her friend’s wrry. B. Neil’s demand. C. Myra’s encuragement.
13. What des the wman mainly want t d with her mvement?
A. Ensure children a happy childhd.
B. Advcate free access t the Internet.
C. Free children f electrnics.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the wman?
A. A plicewman. B. A receptinist. C. A driver.
15. What will the man prbably d?
A. Attend a meeting. B. Pick up his friend. C. G t a htel.
16. What des the man ask the wman t d?
A. Arrange the supper. B. Cntact the center. C. Rent a car.
17. Hw much shuld the man pay fr the service?
A. $36. B. $48. C. $84.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When was Blwin’ in the Wind created?
A. In 1960. B. In 1962. C. In 1963.
19. What made the sng special?
A. Its different apprach. B. Its unique style. C. Its brader theme.
20. What can we learn abut the chrus?
A. It has certain meanings.
B. It is challenging fr singers.
C. It makes listeners reflect.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
FAO Internatinal Day f Frest Pht Cntest
FAO, which stands fr The Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins, is a specialized agency f the United Natins that leads internatinal effrts t defeat hunger and imprve nutritin and fd security. T celebrate the Internatinal Day f Frests n 21 March, the agency is asking yu t submit phts that highlight hw frests cntribute t fd security and nutritin. Whether it’s a wild fd dish, wild fd harvesting in the frests r a tree that bears the fruits and nuts that nurish (养育) us — send us such a picture!
Entries will be judged fr riginality, relevance t the theme, artistic value and cmmunicatin ptential f the pht.
Categries
● Children (Entrants aged 6 t 14 years ld)
● Yuth (Entrants aged 15 t 24 years ld)
● Adults (Entrants ver the age f 24 years ld)
Prize
The five winning images — t be annunced n March 21 — will be shared acrss FAO’s scial media channels and will g n display as part f a phtgraphy exhibitin at FAO HQ in Rme. We’ll als send the winners a cllectin f FAO merchandise (指定商品) including an FAO water bttle, backpack and KeepCup!
Hw t Enter?
T enter the cntest, just fllw these three steps:
● Take a pht f an image that is cnnected t trees, frests and fd.
● Fill in the nline entry frm and tell us what yur pht shws and why yu’ve chsen that particular image.
● Dn’t frget t pst yur pht n scial media using the Internatinal Frest Day hashtag: #FrestDay.
● Interested participants submit via this link
● The last date f submissin is March 12.
Other Infrmatin
● Each participant can submit up t three entries.
● Any pht, as lng as it has nt wn any prizes, is allwed t enter this cntest.
1. What is the purpse f the cntest?
A. T help realize the imprtance f frests.B. T draw attentin t envirnmental issues.
C. T prvide fd fr peple in need.D. T seek creative artists crazy abut nature.
2. What will happen t the winners f the cntest?
A. They’ll g t Rme fr free.B. They’ll be awarded lts f mney.
C. They’ll receive physical rewards.D. They’ll appear n many scial media.
3. What are the participants f the cntest required t d?
A. Be mre than twenty-fur years ld.B. Explain their wrks’ implicatins.
C. Hand in their wrks n March 21.D. Prepare at least three wrks at a time.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了国际森林日摄影大赛的相关事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“T celebrate the Internatinal Day f Frests n 21 March, the agency is asking yu t submit phts that highlight hw frests cntribute t fd security and nutritin.(为了庆祝3月21日的国际森林日，该机构要求您提交照片，突出森林如何为粮食安全和营养做出贡献)”可知，国际森林日摄影大赛的目的是为了帮助人们认识到森林的重要性。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Prize部分“We’ll als send the winners a cllectin f FAO merchandise (指定商品) including an FAO water bttle, backpack and KeepCup!(我们还将向获奖者发送一系列粮农组织商品，包括一个粮农组织水瓶、背包和KeepCup！)”可知，国际森林日摄影大赛的获奖者会获得一些物质奖励。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Hw t Enter? 部分“ Fill in the nline entry frm and tell us what yur pht shws and why yu’ve chsen that particular image.(填写在线报名表，告诉我们你的照片显示了什么，以及你为什么选择这个特定的图像)”可知，国际森林日摄影大赛的参与者需要解释作品的隐含意义。故选B。
B
As the ship pulled away, I cnsidered what wuld lie befre me: the darkening calm f the Beagle Channel, the scary waves f the Drake Passage, and then glittering (闪闪发光的) Antarctica. This was a jurney sparked (触发) by a schl gegraphy prject 20 years ag. Cutting ut magazine phtgraphs f penguins and whales t stick n my “All Abut Antarctica” pster, I felt smething burn inside me.
I’d imagined sun-carved vast icebergs, with penguins playing there — it was an eclgical heaven, free frm human disturbance. I was n the ship, traveling suth and ging abut my new nvel — The Edge f Slitude.
It tells the stry f Ivy — a 75-year-ld envirnmental activist. Desperate t regain her reputatin, she ffers her services t a billinaire’s Antarctic cnservatin prject. Like mine, Ivy’s jurney begins in Ushuaia at the tip f Argentina. But as Ivy jurneys further suth, she must wrestle with her ambitin and what she wes the natural wrld arund her. Like me, Ivy encunters the still black water with ily ice suspended belw its surface, and the cracks (爆裂声) f glaciers mving t the shre. Antarctica is far frm an untuched heaven.
My final landing was n Deceptin Island — a natural prt, in the mrning with thick fg. Alng the black-sand beach, I fllwed three penguins wandering alng the shre. Frm the blanketing white, structures emerged: twering bilers and vast tanks fr string blubber (鲸脂) — signs f the whaling industry that existed there in the first half f the 20th century.
While I was amazed by the sight f penguin clnies, it’s the human aspect f Antarctica — human ambitin and human mistakes — that makes fr interesting fictin.
Antarctica will always feel adventurus — the appeal f the sea and the drama f the ice — but it’s als a place fr wrestling with the mistakes f the past, and fr weighing ur wn human desires alngside ur capacity f management. On Deceptin Island as in the bk, Antarctica is a place where everything feels in danger.
4. What initially made the authr desire t g t Antarctica?
A. A childhd visit t Deceptin Island.B. A prpsal frm an envirnmental activist.
C. A schl gegraphy prject.D. A magazine abut attractive penguins.
5. Hw did the authr mst prbably feel at the first sight f Antarctica?
A. Excited.B. Disappinted.C. Satisfied.D. Scared.
6. What did the authr see n Deceptin Island?
A. Tanks f the whaling industry.B. Remains f sme white blankets.
C. Abandned twers frm the 1960s.D. Turist cmpanies near the beach.
7. In which sectin f a newspaper des this text mst prbably appear?
A. Ecnmics.B. Science.C. Health.D. Culture.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小就向往南极洲，但作者南极洲之旅时看到的景象如同她在旅行时创作的新书《孤独的边缘》中描述的一样，令人深思。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“This was a jurney sparked (触发) by a schl gegraphy prject 20 years ag.(这是20年前学校地理项目触发的一次旅行)”可知，20年前学校的一个地理项目激发了作者对南极洲的向往。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I’d imagined sun-carved vast icebergs, with penguins playing there — it was an eclgical heaven, free frm human disturbance.(我曾想象过被太阳雕刻的巨大冰山，企鹅在那里玩耍——这是一个没有人为干扰的生态天堂)”以及第三段“Like me, Ivy encunters the still black water with ily ice suspended belw its surface, and the cracks (爆裂声) f glaciers mving t the shre. Antaretica is far frm an untuched heaven.(像我一样，Ivy遇到了表面下悬浮着油冰的静止的黑水，以及向岸边移动的冰川爆裂声。南极洲远非一个未受影响的天堂)”可推断，作者原本想象南极洲是一个没有人类干扰的生态天堂，但实际发现南极洲远非如此，所以作者最可能会感到失望。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Frm the blanketing white, structures emerged: twering bilers and vast tanks fr string blubber (鲸脂) — signs f the whaling industry that existed there in the first half f the 20th century.(从覆盖的白色中，出现了各种结构：高耸的锅炉和巨大的鲸脂储存罐——这是20世纪上半叶捕鲸业存在的标志)”可知，作者在Deceptin Island看到了用于存储鲸脂的容器。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I was n the ship, traveling suth and ging abut my new nvel — The Edge f Slitude.(我在船上，向南旅行，开始写我的新小说《孤独的边缘》)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者南极洲之旅见到的景象以及她的新书《孤独的边缘》的创作之路，故本文最有可能出自报纸的“文化”版块。故选D。
C
The natin’s biggest transit (交通) systems are using AI-enhanced cameras t keep bus lanes (车道) clear f illegally parked cars. The cmpany behind thse cameras is a start-up called Hayden AI. The cameras are put inside the frnt windshield (挡风玻璃), where they can take in everything happening in frnt f the bus. “The system analyzes thse images t decide if it’s lking at a vehicle,” said Charley Territ, the chief grwth fficer fr Hayden AI, “and whether that vehicle is stpped smewhere it shuldn’t be.”
In just three years, Hayden AI has launched services with transit agencies in New Yrk, Washingtn, D. C., Oakland, Califrnia, and Ls Angeles. The cmpany is rganizing pilt prgrams in Seattle and Denver, and it’s talking with ther cities, including Philadelphia and Chicag.
The camera systems are using AI t help transit agencies catch and fine drivers wh illegally blck bus lanes and bus stps. But Territ said that’s nt the ultimate gal. “When yu lk at the reasn fr enfrcement (执行),it’s really nt t write tickets. It’s t change driver behavir,” said Territ. “What we’ re seeing is a reductin in the number f repeat lawbreakers.”
New Yrk’s Metrplitan Transprtatin Authrity (MTA) said its buses were 5% faster n the rutes where it had been using the cameras, and they’d been invlved in 20% fewer accidents. S the agency mved t expand the prgram this year t 20 new bus rutes.
But that expansin didn’t g quite as planned, as hundreds f drivers received errneus tickets. “It wasn’t anything t wrrisme at first, because yu realize yu’ve parked in a legal spt,” said Gerge Han, wh lives n the Upper East Side f Manhattan. Han said he’s careful abut nly parking in legal spts, s he was astunded when the tickets kept cming in the mail.
The MTA said abut 800 tickets were mistakenly issued because f a “prgramming errr” by Hayden AI, wh said thse prgramming errrs had been fixed. “The prblems in New Yrk had nthing t d with the technlgy. It was really a cnfiguratin (配置) issue,” said Hayden AI’s Charley Territ.
8. What can we knw abut the AI-enhanced system in paragraph 1?
A. The develpment f it.B. The reasns why it is analyzed.
C. The disadvantages f it.D. The way in which it wrks.
9. What can be inferred frm paragraph 2?
A. Hayden AI supprts its branch cmpanies.B. The AI-enhanced system is becming ppular.
C. The smart vehicles are spreading wrldwide.D. The transit agencies need t be imprved.
10. What is the final gal f using AI-enhanced cameras in Territ’s pinin?
A. T write tickets fr lawbreakers.B. T attract mre passengers.
C. T encurage gd driving habits.D. T allw buses t run faster.
11. What des the underlined wrd “astunded” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Shcked.B. Embarrassed.C. Prud.D. Grateful.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI增强摄像头在交通系统中的应用及其影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cameras are put inside the frnt windshield (挡风玻璃), where they can take in everything happening in frnt f the bus. ‘The system analyzes thse images t decide if it’s lking at a vehicle,’ said Charley Territ, the chief grwth fficer fr Hayden AI, ‘and whether that vehicle is stpped smewhere it shuldn’t be.’(摄像头被安装在汽车前挡风玻璃内，可以拍摄到公交车前发生的一切。Hayden AI的首席增长官Charley Territ说：‘该系统会分析这些图像，以判断它看到的是否是一辆车，以及这辆车是否停在了不该停的地方。’)”可知，第一段介绍了AI增强系统的工作方式。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In just three years, Hayden AI has launched services with transit agencies in New Yrk, Washingtn, D. C., Oakland, Califrnia, and Ls Angeles. The cmpany is rganizing pilt prgrams in Seattle and Denver, and it’s talking with ther cities, including Philadelphia and Chicag.(仅仅三年时间，Hayden AI就已经与纽约、华盛顿特区、加利福尼亚州奥克兰和洛杉矶的交通机构开展了服务。该公司正在西雅图和丹佛组织试点项目，并正在与其他城市（包括费城和芝加哥）进行洽谈。)”可知，Hayden AI的AI增强系统正在多个城市推广使用，由此可推断出该系统越来越受欢迎。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But Territ said that’s nt the ultimate gal. ‘When yu lk at the reasn fr enfrcement (执行), it’s really nt t write tickets. It’s t change driver behavir,’ said Territ. ‘What we’ re seeing is a reductin in the number f repeat lawbreakers.’(但Territ表示，这不是最终目标。Territ说：‘当你审视执法的原因时，真正目的不是开罚单，而是改变司机的行为。’‘我们看到的是，重复违法的人数在减少。’)”可知，在Territ看来，使用AI增强摄像头的最终目标是鼓励良好的驾驶习惯。故选C。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“But that expansin didn’t g quite as planned, as hundreds f drivers received errneus tickets. ‘It wasn’t anything t wrrisme at first, because yu realize yu’ve parked in a legal spt,’ said Gerge Han, wh lives n the Upper East Side f Manhattan. Han said he’s careful abut nly parking in legal spts, s he was astunded when the tickets kept cming in the mail.(但扩张并没有按计划进行，数百名司机收到了错误的罚单。住在曼哈顿上东区的Gerge Han说：‘一开始这没什么好担心的，因为你知道自己把车停在了合法的地方。’Han表示，他非常注意只在合法地点停车，所以当罚单不断寄来时，他感到很astunded。)”可知，Gerge Han很注意只在合法地点停车，所以当罚单不断寄来时，他感到很震惊，所以astunded意为“震惊的”，与Shcked意思相近。故选A。
D
The air arund us cntains a pwerful slutin fr making agriculture mre sustainable. Researchers at Stanfrd University and King Fahd University f Petrleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia have develped a device that can prduce ammnia (氨) — a key cmpnent f fertilizer — using wind energy. The apprach they develped, if perfected, might remve the need fr a century-ld methd that prduces ammnia by cmbining nitrgen and hydrgen at high pressures and temperatures. The lder methd cnsumes 2% f glbal energy and cntributes 1% f annual carbn dixide release frm its reliance n natural gas.
“This breakthrugh allws us t use the nitrgen in ur air and prduce ammnia sustainably,” said study senir authr Richard Zare, prfessr f chemistry at the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences.
T design their device, the researchers studied hw different envirnmental factrs, like wind speed, salt levels, and acidity affect ammnia prductin, and als lked at hw the size f water drplets, the cncentratin f the slutin, and the cntact f water with materials that dn’t react with water impact the prcess. Lastly, they tested the best mix f irn xide and an acid plymer t determine the ideal cnditins fr prducing ammnia.
The Stanfrd team’s prcess applies the surrunding air t get nitrgen and hydrgen frm water vapr (蒸气). By passing air thrugh a mesh (网格) cated with chemicals t facilitate the necessary reactin, the researchers prduced enugh ammnia with a sufficiently high cncentratin t serve as a hydrpnic fertilizer in greenhuse settings. Unlike traditinal methds, the new technique perates at rm temperature and standard atmspheric pressure.
In labratry experiments, the team demnstrated further ptential by recycling water, achieving ammnia cncentratins sufficient t fertilize plants grwn in a greenhuse after just tw hurs.
The device is 2-3 years away frm being market-ready, accrding t study c-authr Chanbasha Basheer f King Fahd University f Petrleum and Minerals. Meanwhile, the researchers plan t use increasingly large mesh systems t prduce mre ammnia. “There’s much rm t develp this,” Basheer said.
12. What is the significance f the new ammnia prductin methd?
A. It requires high pressures.B. It leads t using less fertilizer.
C. It emplys fuels extensively.D. It reduces envirnmental impacts.
13. What des paragraph 3 talk abut?
A. Ways f testing the amunt f ammnia.B. The cmplexity f the prductin apprach.
C. The preparatins fr designing the device.D. Examples f water reactin with materials.
14. Hw des the new device prduce ammnia?
A. By applying natural gas t achieve high temperatures.B. By using wind energy t draw air thrugh a mesh.
C. By changing the pressure in the atmsphere.D. By burning fuels t create a lt f energy.
15. What did Basheer say abut the device?
A. It has a prmising future.B. It is self-pwered.
C. It barely benefits agriculture.D. It has been n the market.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学研究人员研发的新设备能从稀薄的空气中生产关键的肥料成分——氨，这项创新可能会改变作物的施肥方式，从而减少碳排放。
12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at Stanfrd University and King Fahd University f Petrleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia have develped a device that can prduce ammnia (氨) — a key cmpnent f fertilizer — using wind energy. The apprach they develped, if perfected, might remve the need fr a century-ld methd that prduces ammnia by cmbining nitrgen and hydrgen at high pressures and temperatures.The lder methd cnsumes 2% f glbal energy and cntributes 1% f annual carbn dixide release frm its reliance n natural gas.(斯坦福大学和沙特阿拉伯法赫德国王石油与矿产大学的研究人员开发了一种利用风能生产氨（肥料的关键成分）的装置。他们开发的方法如果完善，可能会消除对一种有百年历史的在高压高温下将氮和氢结合生产氨的方法的需求。旧的方法消耗全球 2% 的能源，并且由于其对天然气的依赖，在每年的二氧化碳排放中占比 1%)”可知，旧方法耗能高且产生二氧化碳排放，新的生产氨的方法如果完善可以取代旧方法，新方法可以减少对环境的影响。故选D。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“T design their device, the researchers studied hw different envirnmental factrs, like wind speed, salt levels, and acidity affect ammnia prductin, and als lked at hw the size f water drplets, the cncentratin f the slutin, and the cntact f water with materials that dn’t react with water impact the prcess. Lastly, they tested the best mix f irn xide and an acid plymer t determine the ideal cnditins fr prducing ammnia.(为了设计他们的装置，研究人员研究了不同的环境因素，如风速、盐度和酸度如何影响氨的生产，还研究了水滴的大小、溶液的浓度以及水与不与水发生反应的材料的接触如何影响这个过程。最后，他们测试了氧化铁和一种酸性聚合物的最佳混合比例，以确定生产氨的理想条件)”可知，本段主要讲的是研究人员设计这个装置所做的一些准备工作，包括研究各种影响因素和测试材料混合比例等。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The Stanfrd team’s prcess applies the surrunding air t get nitrgen and hydrgen frm water vapr (蒸气). By passing air thrugh a mesh (网格) cated with chemicals t facilitate the necessary reactin, the researchers prduced enugh ammnia with a sufficiently high cncentratin t serve as a hydrpnic fertilizer in greenhuse settings.(斯坦福大学团队的过程是利用周围的空气从水蒸气中获取氮和氢。通过让空气穿过涂有化学物质的网格，以促进必要的反应，研究人员生产出了足够浓度的氨，足以在温室环境中用作水培肥料)”可知，新装置是利用风能让空气穿过网格来生产氨的。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The device is 2-3 years away frm being market-ready, accrding t study c-authr Chanbasha Basheer f King Fahd University f Petrleum and Minerals. Meanwhile, the researchers plan t use increasingly large mesh systems t prduce mre ammnia. ‘There’s much rm t develp this,’ Basheer said.(据法赫德国王石油矿产大学的研究合著者钱巴沙・巴希尔称，该设备距离投入市场还有 2 到 3 年时间。与此同时，研究人员计划使用越来越大的网格系统来生产更多的氨。巴希尔说：‘这个项目有很大的发展空间。’)”可推断，巴希尔认为这个装置前景广阔。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a familiar picture fr many f us: After a lng day at wrk, we find urselves glued t the sfa, phne in hand, maybe even fr hurs at a time. What starts as a way t mentally unwind r catch up n the news quickly becmes hurs spent “dmscrlling” — the act f spending an excessive amunt f time n scial media scrlling (滚屏) thrugh verwhelmingly negative cntent. ___16___
While it might feel like dmscrlling helps us stay infrmed, research finds this habit can result in lwer mental well-being and prer life satisfactin. ___17___ One way peple have successfully replaced time n their phnes is with a hbby that encurages mindfulness, meaning fcusing ur attentin n the present mment and experiencing ur thughts and feelings withut judgment. Here are sme ways mindful hbbies can help us break ur dmscrlling habit.
They hld psitive attentin. When we’re fcused n a craft ur hands are busy. ___18___ Creative hbbies that require attentin, such as clring, can als act as a “flw activity”, where we feel fully engaged in what we’ re ding, thus lsing hurs dmscrlling.
___19___ Dmscrlling can leave peple feeling a lss f cntrl, but mindful hbbies prvide a sense f cntrl alng with amazing results, like a clrful drawing. Accmplishing smething is cnsidered ne f the cre ingredients f psychlgical well-being.
They ffer a sense f belnging. By engaging in a new hbby, we als jin a cmmunity f peple with similar interests. ___20___ And this sense f belnging is linked t better well-being.
A. A fear f missing ut is what drives many t cntinue their repetitive scrll.
B. The gd news is that there are many ways t break this bad habit.
C. Cnsequently, we’ll be t engaged t reach fr ur phnes.
D. This pens us up t mre psitive scial interactins.
E. We engage in an activity with ur full attentin.
F. They prvide a sense f achievement.
G. They can calm peple dwn.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用爱好取代刷屏的好处。
【16题详解】
由上文“What starts as a way t mentally unwind r catch up n the news quickly becmes hurs spent “dmscrlling” — the act f spending an excessive amunt f time n scial media scrlling (滚屏) thrugh verwhelmingly negative cntent. (一开始作为一种让精神放松或了解新闻的方式，很快就变成了数小时的“末日刷屏”—— 即在社交媒体上花费过多时间滚屏浏览铺天盖地的负面内容)”可知，上文描述了“末日刷屏”这种现象，A选项“A fear f missing ut is what drives many t cntinue their repetitive scrll. (害怕错过是驱使许多人继续重复滚动的原因。)”介绍出现“末日刷屏”这种现象的原因，承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
由上文“While it might feel like dmscrlling helps us stay infrmed, research finds this habit can result in lwer mental well-being and prer life satisfactin. (虽然感觉“末日刷屏”能让我们保持消息灵通，但研究发现这种习惯会导致心理健康水平下降和生活满意度降低)”及下文“One way peple have successfully replaced time n their phnes is with a hbby that encurages mindfulness, meaning fcusing ur attentin n the present mment and experiencing ur thughts and feelings withut judgment. (人们成功地替代手机时间的一种方法是培养一种鼓励正念的爱好，也就是将我们的注意力集中在当下，不加评判地体验我们的想法和感受)”可知，上文强调了“末日刷屏”的坏处，下文提出了打破这种习惯的一种方法，空处应起到过渡作用，表明有打破这种习惯的方法。B选项“The gd news is that there are many ways t break this bad habit. (好消息是有很多方法可以打破这个坏习惯。)”起到进一步的承接和过渡作用，强调可以打破这种不良习惯的积极信息，符合上下文语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
由上文“When we’re fcused n a craft, ur hands are busy. (当我们专注于一门手艺时，我们的手就会很忙)”及下文“Creative hbbies that require attentin, such as clring, can als act as a “flw activity”, where we feel fully engaged in what we’ re ding, thus lsing hurs dmscrlling. (需要注意力的创造性爱好，比如涂色，也可以作为一种“心流活动”，在这种活动中我们会全身心地投入到正在做的事情中，从而不会花几个小时去“末日刷屏”)”可知，上文说专注于手艺时手会忙，下文说专注于创造性爱好能让我们全身心投入从而避免“末日刷屏”，空处应承接上文，说明专注于手艺时的结果是不会去碰手机。C选项“Cnsequently, we’ll be t engaged t reach fr ur phnes. (因此，我们会太投入而不会去拿手机。)” 中engaged与上文fcused n a craft相呼应，选项中t engaged t reach fr ur phnes说明了不会去“末日刷屏”的结果，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
由下文“Dmscrlling can leave peple feeling a lss f cntrl, but mindful hbbies prvide a sense f cntrl alng with amazing results, like a clrful drawing. Accmplishing smething is cnsidered ne f the cre ingredients f psychlgical well-being. (“末日刷屏”会让人感觉失去控制，但正念爱好能提供一种控制感，以及惊人的成果，比如一幅色彩丰富的画作。完成某件事被认为是心理健康的核心要素之一)”可知，下文主要讲述了正念爱好能带来控制感和完成事情的成就感，这对心理健康有益，空处应是该段的主题句，应能概括这一内容。F选项“They prvide a sense f achievement. (它们提供一种成就感。)”中prvide a sense f achievement与下文相呼应，能很好地概括该段内容，适合作为段落主题句。故选F。
【20题详解】
由上文“By engaging in a new hbby, we als jin a cmmunity f peple with similar interests. (通过参与一项新的爱好，我们也加入了一个有相似兴趣的人的群体)” 及下文“And this sense f belnging is linked t better well-being. (而这种归属感与更好的幸福感相关联)”可知，上文说参与新爱好能加入有相似兴趣的群体，下文说这种归属感与幸福感有关，空处应承接上文，说明加入这个群体带来的积极影响。D选项“This pens us up t mre psitive scial interactins. (这使我们能够进行更多积极的社交互动。)”中pens us up t mre psitive scial interactins与上文jin a cmmunity f peple with similar interests相呼应，进一步说明了加入群体的好处，也为下文的sense f belnging做了铺垫，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The setting was perfect: researchers talking with excitement abut their wrk, pster sessins alive with questins. It was my first cnference as a Ph.D. candidate, and the ___21___ shuld have excited me; It was a chance t shwcase my wrk and build ___22___. Yet things didn’t g as I had thught. I wanted t cnnect but was afraid f seeming ___23___. By the end f the day, my business cards were still in my pcket, ___24___.
I knew that if I wanted t achieve in academia, I’d need t develp netwrking ___25___. Hwever, it wasn’t easy. I went int that cnference with gd ___26___, but came up empty. My lab c-wrker, n the ther hand, walked away with an ___27___ frm a knwn research team t c-authr a wrking paper, ___28___ by starting up a small talk. I std there, right beside her, but I let the mment slip by. That’s when it hit me: Netwrking wasn’t abut ___29___ everyne in the rm. It was abut speaking up and finding value in even the smallest ___30___. I’d been waiting fr the perfect wrds and the ideal pening — but thse ___31___ rarely arrived n their wn. The key was t let g f ___32___ and instead seek cnnectin.
I dve in, taking chance t attend events. I kept ___33___, determined t push thrugh, hping eventually it’d start t feel natural. I learned t fcus less n the pressure t netwrk perfectly but mre n building ___34___ relatinships.
Lking back nw, I see the real ___35___ wasn’t the act f netwrking itself but quitting the fear f nt ding it “right”.
21. A. atmsphereB. achievementC. perfrmanceD. descriptin
22. A. happinessB. cnnectinsC. pressureD. careers
23. A. pwerfulB. awkwardC. creativeD. cnfident
24. A. unexplainedB. unexpectedC. unfinishedD. untuched
25. A. riginsB. habitsC. traditinsD. visins
26. A. signsB. negtiatinsC. intentinsD. inspiratins
27. A. explratinB. utlineC. invitatinD. extensin
28. A. typicallyB. fficiallyC. regularlyD. simply
29. A. tuchingB. rejectingC. cntactingD. impressing
30. A. themesB. exchangesC. requirementsD. missins
31. A. experiencesB. cnsequencesC. mmentsD. platfrms
32. A. perfectinB. depressinC. determinatinD. imaginatin
33. A. taking ffB. standing utC. wrking utD. shwing up
34. A. rmanticB. lvingC. genuineD. lasting
35. A. challengeB. meansC. remarkD. adventure
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者作为博士生在学术会议上的交流经历，并分享了克服交流恐惧、建立联系的心得。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我作为博士生的第一次会议，这样的氛围本应该让我感到兴奋；这是一个展示我的工作并建立联系的机会。A. atmsphere氛围；B. achievement成就；C. perfrmance表现；D. descriptin描述。根据上文“researchers talking with excitement abut their wrk, pster sessins alive with questins”可知，此处描述的是会议的氛围。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我作为博士生的第一次会议，这样的氛围本应该让我感到兴奋；这是一个展示我的工作并建立联系的机会。A. happiness幸福；B. cnnectins联系；C. pressure压力；D. careers职业。根据下文“Netwrking wasn’t abut __9__ everyne in the rm.”可知，此处指的是建立联系。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想与人交流，但又害怕显得尴尬。A. pwerful强大的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. creative有创造力的；D. cnfident自信的。根据上文“I wanted t cnnect but was afraid f”以及语境可知，作者想与人交流，但又害怕显得尴尬。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到一天结束时，我的名片还在口袋里，没有动过。A. unexplained未解释的；B. unexpected未预料到的；C. unfinished未完成的；D. untuched未动过的。根据上文“my business cards were still in my pcket”可知，作者的名片还在口袋里，即没有动过。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道，如果我想在学术界取得成功，我需要培养社交习惯。A. rigins起源；B. habits习惯；C. traditins传统；D. visins愿景。根据下文“I went int that cnference with gd __6__, but came up empty.”可知，作者意识到需要培养社交习惯。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着良好的意愿参加了那次会议，但却一无所获。A. signs迹象；B. negtiatins谈判；C. intentins意愿；D. inspiratins灵感。根据上文“It was my first cnference as a Ph. D. candidate, and the ___1___ shuld have excited me; It was a chance t shwcase my wrk and build ___2___ .”以及下文“but came up empty”可知，作者带着良好的意愿参加了会议。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我的实验室同事通过简单地发起一次闲聊，获得了一个知名研究团队的邀请，共同撰写一篇工作论文。A. explratin探索；B. utline大纲；C. invitatin邀请；D. extensin延伸。根据下文“t c-authr a wrking paper”可知，作者的实验室同事获得了一个知名研究团队的邀请。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我的实验室同事通过简单地发起一次闲聊，获得了一个知名研究团队的邀请，共同撰写一篇工作论文。A. typically典型地；B. fficially正式地；C. regularly定期地；D. simply简单地。根据下文“by starting up a small talk”可知，此处表示简单地发起一次闲聊。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时我才明白：社交并不是要给房间里的每个人都留下深刻印象。A. tuching触摸；B. rejecting拒绝；C. cntacting联系；D. impressing给……留下深刻印象。根据下文“It was abut speaking up and finding value in even the smallest __10__.”可知，此处表示社交并不是要给房间里的每个人都留下深刻印象。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是要大声说出来，即使是最小的交流也要找到价值。A. themes主题；B. exchanges交流；C. requirements要求；D. missins任务。根据上文“speaking up”可知，此处表示即使是最小的交流也要找到价值。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直在等待完美的言辞和理想的开场白——但这些时刻很少会自己到来。A. experiences经历；B. cnsequences后果；C. mments时刻；D. platfrms平台。根据上文“I’d been waiting fr the perfect wrds and the ideal pening”可知，此处表示作者一直在等待的这些时刻很少会自己到来。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：关键是要放下完美主义，转而寻求联系。A. perfectin完美主义；B. depressin抑郁；C. determinatin决心；D. imaginatin想象力。根据上文“I’d been waiting fr the perfect wrds and the ideal pening”可知，此处表示完美的时刻很少会自己到来，所以要放下完美主义。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我一直在出现，决心坚持下去，希望最终能感觉自然。A. taking ff起飞；B. standing ut突出；C. wrking ut锻炼；D. shwing up出现。根据下文“determined t push thrugh, hping eventually it’d start t feel natural.”可知，作者一直在出现并坚持下去。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我学会了少关注完美社交的压力，而更多地关注建立真诚的关系。A. rmantic浪漫的；B. lving充满爱的；C. genuine真诚的；D. lasting持久的。根据上文“I learned t fcus less n the pressure t netwrk perfectly”可知，此处表示更多地关注建立真诚的关系。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我发现真正的挑战不是社交行为本身，而是克服没有做得“对”的挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. means手段；C. remark评论；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“wasn’t the act f netwrking itself but quitting the fear f nt ding it ‘right’”可知，此处表示真正的挑战是克服做得不对的挑战。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wang Xiayun, a well-knwn Chinese cryptgrapher (密码学家), was brn in a teacher family in Zhucheng, Shandng in 1966. ___36___ (influence) by her father, she shwed a strng interest in mathematics and physics frm an early age. Due t her excellent mathematics in the cllege entrance examinatin, she applied fr the Department f Mathematics at Shandng University, ___37___ in 1987, she was admitted t the graduate schl f Shandng University and studied analytic number thery with Prfessr Pan Chengdng, a famus mathematician. Mre than a year later, under the advice f the ___38___ (instruct), Wang Xiayun transferred t cryptgraphy.
Over the years, the hash functins MD5 and SHA-1 have been ___39___ (general) recgnized as the mst advanced and widely-used imprtant algrithms (算法) wrldwide. Accrding t the ___40___ (cnventin) methd, even an advanced cmputer needs t be perated fr 1 millin years t be cracked. Hwever, in 2004 and 2005, the tw “fixed gld sup” algrithms were cracked by Wang Xiayun, ___41___ (cause) a strng “earthquake” in the internatinal cryptgraphy cmmunity. Mrever, in 2005, Wang Xiayun and dmestic experts designed China’s first hash functin algrithm standard SM3, ___42___ security has been highly recgnized at hme and abrad. After the release f SM3, dzens f industry standards in the field f passwrd-related fields ___43___ (release) and the cuntry’s understanding f cyber security issues became clearer and deeper. “___44___ (make)ur netwrk safer, we must use ur research capabilities t d a gd jb f natinal passwrd prtectin,” said Wang in terms ___45___ future research dreams.
【答案】36. Influenced
37. and 38. instructr
39. generally
40. cnventinal
41. causing
42. whse 43. were released
44. T make
45. f
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名的密码学家王小云教授的成长经历和学术成就。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受父亲的影响，她从小就对数学和物理表现出浓厚的兴趣。句中已有谓语动词shwed，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空处动词influence与逻辑主语she之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Influenced。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于她在高考中数学成绩优异，她申请了山东大学数学系，并于1987年被山东大学研究生院录取，师从著名数学家潘承洞教授学习解析数论。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处需要并列连词and连接两个并列的句子。故填and。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：一年多以后，在导师的建议下，王小云转到了密码学。根据该空前的定冠词the可知，该空用所给动词的名词instructr“导师”，作介词f的宾语，特指上一句中的Prfessr Pan Chengdng，用单数形式。故填instructr。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：多年来，哈希函数MD5和SHA-1被普遍认为是世界上最先进、应用最广泛的重要算法。空处修饰动词recgnized，需要副词generally，意为“普遍地”，作状语。故填generally。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：按照传统的方法，即使是一台先进的计算机也需要运行100万年才能被破解。空处修饰后面的名词methd，应用形容词cnventinal，意为“传统的”，作定语。故填cnventinal。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在2004年和2005年，这两种“固定的金汤”算法被王小云破解，在国际密码学界引起了强烈的“地震”。句中已有谓语动词were cracked，空处应用非谓语动词，结合句意应用现在分词causing，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填causing。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，在2005年，王小云和国内专家设计了中国的第一个哈希函数算法标准SM3，其安全性在国内外得到了高度认可。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是SM3，在从句中作定语，和security是所属关系，所以用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：SM3发布后，密码相关领域的数十项行业标准相继发布，国家对网络安全问题的认识更加清晰和深入。根据该句中After the release f SM3及动词became可知，该句叙述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；且主语dzens f industry standards与谓语动词release之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were released
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：王小云在谈到未来的研究梦想时说：“为了让我们的网络更安全，我们必须利用我们的研究能力，做好国家密码保护工作。”句中已有谓语动词must use，空处应用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填T make。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。根据句子结构和意思可知，空处需要介词f，构成固定短语in terms f，表示“关于，在……方面”。故填f。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 你将就“如何提高英语学习效率”这一主题写一篇发言稿，准备参加你班下周一的英语演讲活动，内容包括：
1.你的方法；
2.说明理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When it cmes t hw t imprve ur English learning efficiency,
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【答案】One pssible versin:
When it cmes t hw t imprve ur English learning efficiency, I wuld like t prpse a new strategy. I suggest we start a “Tutring Prgram” where students excelling in English can help thse wh are struggling.
The reasn why I put frward this prpsal is that this kind f tutring has been prven t enhance ur understanding f materials. Besides, it can als fster a supprtive learning envirnment and strengthen the bnd f ur relatinship. Nt nly des this methd reinfrce the knwledge f the tutrs but it als prvides persnalized guidance t the learners.
I hpe this methd will lead t better English prficiency. Let’s wrk tgether t get ur English imprved!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“如何提高英语学习效率”这一主题写一篇发言稿，介绍自己的方法，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggest → advise
提升：enhance → imprve
此外：besides → in additin
提供：prvide → ffer
2.句式拓展
句型转换
原句：Besides, it can als fster a supprtive learning envirnment and strengthen the bnd f ur relatinship.
拓展句：Besides, nt nly can it fster a supprtive learning envirnment, but it can als strengthen the bnd f ur relatinship.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I suggest we start a “Tutring Prgram” where students excelling in English can help thse wh are struggling.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句，where引导的定语从句，wh引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】The reasn why I put frward this prpsal is that this kind f tutring has been prven t enhance ur understanding f materials. (运用了why引导的定语从句，that引导的表语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Hw hard culd it be t ck a turkey? After all, I watched my grandma and mm ck it fr as lng as I can remember. They wuld place the turkey in the raster and then put it in the ven (烤箱). And, just like that, every year a perfectly glden-brwn, rasted turkey appeared n ur festival table. But I never paid much attentin t the prcess. My fcus was nly n the festival.
I remember the year when things wuld be different. Althugh my dear grandma had been gne fr several years, that was the first hliday when my mm had passed away a few days ag. Facing the first festival withut my grandma r mm, I quickly realized I suddenly became respnsible fr the festival dinner. I felt sad and nervus. After all, I’d never cked a turkey. But I was determined t fix a nice hliday dinner fr my husband and ur tw teenagers. They’d been clse t their grandma and missed her, s I wanted t make this festival special fr them, t ease their sadness at least fr a bit.
After I purchased the frzen turkey in ur neighbrhd Krger supermarket in the early mrning, I went hme t prepare the hliday dinner.
Back hme, sunlight streamed thrugh the kitchen windw where three generatins f wmen had nce std. As I unwrapped the turkey and placed it n the cunter, I started t panic, feeling cmpletely lst. I even didn’t knw where I shuld start frm. Memries f the past time with my grandma and mm flded int my mind. Tears started flwing slwly. Suddenly, I remembered my mm had an ld ckbk which she gt frm my grandma. I searched fr it in a bx and finally fund it. I pened it, flipping (翻阅) thrugh the pages until I fund the turkey recipe.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With the recipe in hand, I felt a sense f relief.
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Finally, it was time t pen the ven.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
With the recipe in hand, I felt a sense f relief. Each step was very detailed, just like the lve and care my grandma and mm had pured int every meal. I gathered the ingredients, carefully measuring and mixing, trying t channel their spirit int this traditinal dish. After sme preparatins, I put the turkey in the ven fr it t be rasted. Every few minutes, I peeked thrugh the ven windw, my heart punding. The kitchen began t fill with the cmfrting smell f rasting turkey, blending with the memries f past festivals.
Finally, it was time t pen the ven. A beautiful, glden-brwn turkey greeted me. Tears welled up in my eyes. I managed t ck a turkey by myself, just as my grandma and mm used t d. That evening, as we sat arund the table, sharing the meal, I saw the smiles n my family’s faces, especially the nes n my children’s. At that mment, I knew that even thugh my grandma and mm were n lnger with us, their lve and traditins wuld always be a part f ur festivals.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了主人公在失去母亲和祖母后，首次尝试独立准备节日大餐——烤火鸡的故事。面对家庭传统与亲人的离去，她依靠祖传食谱逐步学习烹饪，最终成功制作出完美的火鸡，通过这一过程深刻感受到家族的爱与传统的延续。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“手中有了食谱，我感到一丝释然。”可知，第一段可描写主人公根据祖传食谱一步步准备烤火鸡的过程，包括回忆起与祖母和母亲一起度过的时光以及如何将这些回忆融入到烹饪中。
②由第二段首句内容“终于到了打开烤箱的时候了。”可知，第二段可描写火鸡成功烤制后的喜悦心情，以及家人围坐在餐桌旁共享这顿特别晚餐的温馨场景，表达出尽管亲人已逝，但他们的爱与传统依然存在于家庭之中。
2. 续写线索：获得祖传食谱——回忆往昔时光——逐步准备火鸡——烤制过程中满怀期待——火鸡成功出炉——全家共享温馨晚餐——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①收集：gather/assemble
②放：put/place
③窥视：peek/peep
情绪类
①我的心跳加速：my heart punding/my heart racing
②泪水涌出：tears well up in my eyes/tears stream dwn my face
【点睛】【高分句型1】That evening, as we sat arund the table, sharing the meal, I saw the smiles n my family’s faces, especially the nes n my children’s. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句和现在分词短语作伴随状语)