人教版高二英语寒假讲义③寒假提升-高二英语寒假检测卷01（2份，原卷版+教师版）

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（23-24高二下·贵州黔南·期末）Discussing tech veruse with Gen Z isn’t grundbreaking. We all acknwledge the impact f daily device usage n ur health, well-being, and ability t fcus. A friend suggests that ne day, we’ll regard scial media use as smking — we knw it’s harmful, but we might need assistance t quit.
Ppular scial media and nline dating platfrms are intentinally prgrammed t grab ur attentin and keep us cming back fr mre. On platfrms like TikTk, “Fr Yu” page cnstantly refreshes with new cntent. Even the thrill f making a successful match n a dating app can be as exciting as winning n a slt machine (老虎机：一种赌博机器). Research cmpares humans n scial media t rats in an experiment bx by psychlgist B．F. Skinner. When we share vacatin pictures n Instagram, the likes we receive encurage us t repeat the behavir in future.
But beynd app design, the reasns fr ur inability t discnnect frm unhealthy scial media are cmplex. It likely results frm a lack f face-t-face scial interactin. Even in busy university centers, unscheduled interactins are rare; earbud-clad individuals signal their preference fr undisturbed peace.
Fr many Gen Z members, mst scial interactins nw ccur partially nline. Hwever, nt everyne fits this pattern; sme have vibrant ffline lives and use phnes minimally. But fr many, resisting the phne’s temptatin is tugh — being ffline ften means feeling alne when everyne else is nline.
Gen Z has made impressive imprvements t fight against tech veruse. Ryce Branning, a 2018 graduate, funded ClearSpace, an app t reduce screen time. Hwever, tech-based slutins t tech-based prblems are nly half the stry. Similar t smking and secndhand smke, excessive Internet use reduces in-persn cnnectin pprtunities.
There is a stry in my family abut my grandfather quitting smking upn seeing his sn play with cigarettes, thugh he’d been smking fr 15 years. Tday, yung adults swear t avid raising “iPad kids”. While prmising t get rid f future generatins’ bad habits is admirable, quitting urselves befrehand wuld be even better.
1．Hw d scial media and nline dating platfrms keep users engaged?
A．By rganizing ffline activities.B．By prviding users with platfrms.
C．By keeping cnnectins with users.D．By designing addictive functins.
2．What d the underlined wrds “earbud-clad individuals” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Peple having their ear t the grund.B．Peple intlerant f nise.
C．Peple enjying being alne.D．Peple suffering scial anxiety.
3．Why is ClearSpace mentined in Paragraph 5?
A．T stress the seriusness f tech veruse.B．T shw the limitatins f the slutin.
C．T display the imprvements f the applicatin.D．T discuss the methds f scial cnnectin.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Slutins t Scial Media DetxB．Impacts f Tech Addictin n Gen Z
C．Gen Z’s Desire t CmmunicatinD．Gen Z’s Struggle with Tech Addictin
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了Z世代对抗社交媒体成瘾这种现象，分析了成瘾背后的原因和现有技术解决方案的局限性，并指出要主动避免过度依赖社交媒体。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ppular scial media and nline dating platfrms are intentinally prgrammed t grab ur attentin and keep us cming back fr mre.(流行的社交媒体和在线约会平台被故意设计来吸引我们的注意力，让我们不断回来寻求更多浏览。)”可知，社交媒体和在线约会平台被故意设计来吸引用户，使用户反复返回使用，由此可推测，社交媒体和在线约会平台设计了使人上瘾的功能，让用户沉迷。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“signal their preference fr undisturbed peace”可知，这些人喜欢不被打扰的宁静，由此可推测出，earbud-clad individuals指那些不愿意被打扰、不愿意参与社交活动的人，与C选项“享受独处的人”一致。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ryce Branning, a 2018 graduate, funded ClearSpace, an app t reduce screen time. Hwever, tech-based slutins t tech-based prblems are nly half the stry.(2018年毕业的Ryce Branning创立了ClearSpace，这是一款减少屏幕时间的应用程序。然而，以基于技术的解决方案来解决技术问题只是故事的一半。)”可推测出，这款应用程序是用技术来解决技术问题，但只是解决了一半，也就是现有的技术解决方案无法达到成功脱瘾的预期，具有局限性。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Discussing tech veruse with Gen Z isn’t grundbreaking.(与Z世代讨论技术过度使用并不是开创性的。)”和“A friend suggests that ne day, we’ll regard scial media use as smking—we knw it’s harmful, but we might need assistance t quit.(一位朋友建议，有一天，我们会把使用社交媒体视为吸烟——我们知道这是有害的，但我们可能需要帮助戒烟。)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要围绕“Gen Z”和“tech veruse”展开，叙述了Z世代对抗社交媒体成瘾这种现象。由此可推测，D项“Z世代对抗科技成瘾”最适合作本文标题。故选D。
B
（23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）Fr generatins, the name Miltn Hershey has been a well-knwn wrd clsely cnnected with fine chclate prducts thrughut the cuntry and arund the wrld. He was brn in 1857 n a farm near Derry Church, a small Pennsylvania cmmunity. Frequent family mves interrupted his schling and left him with limited educatin. He nly cmpleted the furth grade.
Fllwing a fur-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effrt failed as did his next tw attempts in Chicag and New Yrk. Hwever, he never gave up his hpe t build up his wn business. Returning t Lancaster in 1883, Hershey established the Lancaster Caramel Cmpany, which quickly became an utstanding success. It was this business that established him as a candy maker and set the stage fr future achievements.
Hershey became fascinated with German chclate-making machinery exhibited at the 1893 Wrld’s Clumbian Expsitin. He bught the equipment fr his Lancaster plant and sn began prducing varius chclate creatins. Then in 1900, he sld the Lancaster Caramel C. in rder t fcus entirely n his chclate business.
Three years later, Hershey returned t Derry Church t build a new factry. There he culd btain the large supplies f fresh milk needed t perfect and prduce fine milk chclate. Thrugh trial and errr, he created his wn frmula fr milk chclate. In 1903 he began cnstructin n what was t becme the wrld’s largest chclate plant. After its cmpletin, Hershey's milk chclate quickly became the first natinally marketed prduct f its kind.
With Miltn Hershey’s success came a great sense f scial respnsibility. Hershey created a cmpletely new cmmunity arund his factry. He built a mdel twn fr his emplyees that included cmfrtable hmes, an inexpensive public transprtatin system, a quality public schl system and brad cultural pprtunities. The twn f Hershey cntinues t be a special place fr its residents and a ppular at actin fr millins f visitrs each year. Indeed, Miltn Hershey's achievements d speak fr themselves.
5．What stpped Hershey frm having systematic schl educatin?
A．His family’s cntinual relcatin.B．His lack f interest in study.
C．His failure t meet schl requirements.D．His parents’ attaching little value t educatin.
6．Why did Hershey sell his Lancaster plant?
A．The plant had suffered a huge lss.
B．The prduced candies were f lw quality.
C．His machinery business needed a lt f mney.
D．He decided t cmmit himself t chclate prductin.
7．Which f the fllwing best describes Hershey?
A．Gentle and pen-minded.B．Determined and public-spirited.
C．Hnest and generus.D．Humrus and creative.
8．What can be the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Failure is the mther f success.B．Many hands make light wrk.
C．Impssible is nthing t a willing heart.D．Great hpes and gd wills make great man.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D
【导语】本文属于记叙文，主要介绍Miltn Hershey创办Hershey’s Chclate的历程，以及他的社会责任感。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Frequent family mves interrupted his schling and left him with limited educatin. He nly cmpleted the furth grade. (频繁的家庭搬迁中断了他的学业，使他所受的教育有限。他只读完了四年级)”可知，家庭的不断搬迁阻止Hershey接受系统的学校教育。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Then in 1900, he sld the Lancaster Caramel C. in rder t fcus entirely n his chclate business. (然后在1900年，他卖掉了兰开斯特焦糖公司，以便完全专注于他的巧克力生意。)”可知，为了专注于巧克力业务，Hershey卖掉了Lancaster焦糖公司。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Fllwing a fur-year apprenticeship (学徒期) with a Lancaster candy maker, he established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effrt failed as did his next tw attempts in Chicag and New Yrk. Hwever, he never gave up his hpe t build up his wn business. Returning t Lancaster in 1883, Hershey established the Lancaster Caramel Cmpany, which quickly became an utstanding success. (在兰开斯特一家糖果制造商当了四年学徒之后，他在费城建立了自己的第一家糖果制造公司。最初的尝试失败了，接下来他在芝加哥和纽约的两次尝试也失败了。然而，他从未放弃自己创业的希望。1883年，Hershey回到兰开斯特，成立了兰开斯特焦糖公司，并迅速取得了巨大的成功。)”可知，虽然失败了几次，但Hershey没有放弃，最终建立了自己的公司并获得成功，由此推知他有决心；根据最后一段的“With Miltn Hershey’s success came a great sense f scial respnsibility. Hershey created a cmpletely new cmmunity arund his factry. He built a mdel twn fr his emplyees that included cmfrtable hmes, an inexpensive public transprtatin system, a quality public schl system and brad cultural pprtunities. (Miltn Hershey的成功带来了巨大的社会责任感。Hershey在他的工厂周围建立了一个全新的社区。他为他的员工建造了一个模范城镇，包括舒适的住房、廉价的公共交通系统、高质量的公立学校系统和广泛的文化机会。)”推知，他热心公益。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Hwever, he never gave up his hpe t build up his wn business.(然而，他从未放弃自己创业的希望。)”以及最后一段“With Miltn Hershey’s success came a great sense f scial respnsibility. Hershey created a cmpletely new cmmunity arund his factry. He built a mdel twn fr his emplyees that included cmfrtable hmes, an inexpensive public transprtatin system, a quality public schl system and brad cultural pprtunities. ( Miltn Hershey的成功带来了巨大的社会责任感。Hershey在他的工厂周围建立了一个全新的社区。他为他的员工建造了一个模范城镇，包括舒适的住房、廉价的公共交通系统、高质量的公立学校系统和广泛的文化机会。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述Miltn Hershey满怀热情和希望，不畏失败，永不言弃地创办Hershey’s Chclate的历程，以及他的社会责任感，因此D项“伟大的希望和强大的意志造就伟大的人”为最佳标题，故选D。
C
（23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）Imagine yu’re ut fr an evening walk in a freign city, lking t find a restaurant fr dinner. If yu’re like mst peple, yu will lk fr the busiest restaurant with the mst diners because its ppularity is bund t reflect n the quality f fd and service.But is this true?
In turist areas, early diners have n meaningful clues as t which restaurant t chse, s they may have picked their evening eatery n a whim (一时兴起). Fllwing passers- by may have misinterpreted their restaurant chice as a well- infrmed decisin and blindly fllwed their example. This culd have resulted in a snw- balling effect, whereby ever-increasing numbers f custmers were attracted t the restaurant in questin, creating a false impressin f apprval. Therefre, fllwing the example f thers culd have led t a subptimal (次优的) dinner chice in an vercrwded restaurant.
Blindly cpying ther peple’s thughts r chices r simply ging with the crwd is ften referred t as “herd behavir (从众行为).” It is a frequent ccurrence amng humans as well as many ther animals.
Herding can appear t make a lt f sense. Average judgments f large grups f peple ften utperfrm individual chices. Furthermre, fllwing the crwd appears t ffer prtectin and cmfrt—after all, there’s “safety in numbers”—while helping t maintain a favrable fame. Finally, fllwing the herd reduces the effrt needed t make a persnal r unique decisin; it is therefre an easy ptin.
Herd behavirs, while cmmn and easy t explain, hld significant dangers. Cntrary t the s-called “wisdm f crwds”, which emerges when the judgments f individual grup members are independently cllected t prduce an average pinin, herd behavirs typically rely n s-called “infrmatin cascades”, where peple take n thers’ beliefs r cpy their chices withut critically evaluating the underlying reasns. This frequently leads t the imitatin f irratinal r simply stupid behavirs. As a result, herding can have many undesirable utcmes, including negative influences n cnsumer chices, like in the restaurant example abve.
It appears there is n quick and easy fix t resist the lure (诱惑) f herd behavir. Instead, lng-term attitude changes may be necessary, which culd invlve individuals adpting mre critical appraches twards their peers’ pinin, and questining thers’ behavirs as ppsed t blindly fllwing them.
9．Hw is Paragraph 2 mainly develped?
A．By giving example.B．By presenting fact.
C．By analyzing the cause and effect.D．By making cmparisn.
10．What is ne reasn why peple tend t fllw the crwd?
A．It leads t average judgments.B．It brings a sense f security.
C．It challenges a favrable reputatin.D．It allws fr better decisin- making.
11．What des the underlined “infrmatin cascades” mean in Para 5?
A．Adpting thers’ beliefs r chices withut evaluatin.
B．Critical evaluatin f underlying reasns fr chices.
C．Average judgments frmed by large grups f peple.
D．Independent cllectin f individual pinins and judgements.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Fllwing the herd can greatly benefit us in varius aspects.
B．It is n easy task fr peple t resist the lure f herd behavir.
C．It is necessary t think critically rather than fllw the herd blindly.
D．The busiest restaurant is nt necessarily the best ne in turist areas.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是从众行为的危险性和难以抗拒性，以及提出了一些可能的解决方法。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“In turist areas, early diners have n meaningful clues as t which restaurant t chse, s they may have picked their evening eatery n a whim (一时兴起). Fllwing passers- by may have misinterpreted their restaurant chice as a well- infrmed decisin and blindly fllwed their example.(在旅游区，早到的食客对于选择哪家餐馆没有任何有意义的线索，所以他们可能是一时兴起才选择晚上的餐馆。跟随的路人可能误解了他们选择餐馆的决定，并盲目地进行效仿。)”可知，第二段是通过举例展开的，故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Furthermre, fllwing the crwd appears t ffer prtectin and cmfrt—after all, there’s “safety in numbers”—while helping t maintain a favrable fame.(此外，随大流似乎提供了保护和舒适——毕竟，“人多安全”——同时有助于保持良好的声誉。)”可知，人们容易随大流的原因之一是它带来了安全感。故选B。
11．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“where peple take n thers’ beliefs r cpy their chices withut critically evaluating the underlying reasns(人们在没有批判性地评估潜在原因的情况下接受他人的信仰或复制他人的选择)”可知，infrmatin cascades的意思是“人们不经过批判性思考就接受他人的观点或选择”，即Adpting thers’ beliefs r chices withut evaluatin。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Blindly cpying ther peple’s thughts r chices r simply ging with the crwd is ften referred t as “herd behavir (从众行为).” It is a frequent ccurrence amng humans as well as many ther animals.(盲目地模仿别人的想法或选择，或者只是随大流，通常被称为“从众行为”。这在人类和许多其他动物中是经常发生的。)”，倒数第二段“Herd behavirs, while cmmn and easy t explain, hld significant dangers.(从众行为虽然很常见，也很容易解释，但却有很大的危险。)”和最后一段“It appears there is n quick and easy fix t resist the lure (诱惑) f herd behavir.(似乎没有快速和简单的方法来抵制从众行为的诱惑。)”可知，本文主要讲的是从众行为的危险性和难以抗拒性，以及提出了一些可能的解决方法，因此本文的主旨是B选项“It is n easy task fr peple t resist the lure f herd behavir.(对人们来说，抵制从众行为的诱惑并非易事。)”。故选B。
D
（23-24高二下·湖南·期末）Frm the hills f West Virginia t the flats f rural Australia, sme f the wrld’s largest telescpes are listening fr signals frm distant alien (外星的) civilizatins. The prject, knwn as SETI, is an effrt t find artificial lking electrmagnetic-radiatin (电磁辐射) signals that might have cme frm a technlgically advanced civilizatin in a far-away slar system.
A recent study describes ne f several effrts t use machine learning, a subset f AI, t help astrnmers quickly srt thrugh the large amunts f data such surveys generate. As AI reshapes many scientific fields, what prmise des it hld fr the search fr life beynd Earth? “It is a new era fr SETI research that is pening up thanks t machine learning technlgy,” says Franck Marchis, a planetary astrnmer at the SETI Institute in Muntain View, Califrnia. Fr decades, the field was restricted by having hardly any data at all. Mst f the SETI searches that fllwed were als limited t a small number f stars.
In 2015, billinaire Yuri Milner funded the biggest SETI prgramme ever: the Breakthrugh Listen prject t search ne millin stars fr signs f intelligent life. But the truble is that these searches generate large amunts f data — including false psitives prduced by Earthly interference(干扰) frm mbile phnes, GPS and ther aspects f mdern life. “The biggest challenge fr us in lking fr SETI signals is nt at this pint getting the data,” says Sfia Sheikh, an astrnmer at the SETI Institute.“ The difficult part is differentiating signals frm Earth technlgy frm the kind f signals we’d be lking fr frm technlgy smewhere else in the Galaxy.
Astrnmers at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles (UCLA), say they will launch a cmmunity science prject in which vlunteers will srt thrugh images f radi signals and classify them as ptential types f interference. ”SETI will prbably use a mixture f classical and machine-learning appraches t srt thrugh data. Classical algrithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t d everything," says Jean-Luc Margt, an astrnmer at UCLA．
13．What is the purpse f SETI?
A．T search fr alien life in uter space.
B．T explre the gegraphy f Australia.
C．T study the ancient civilizatin f Earth.
D．T send radi signals t the distant slar system.
14．What is the key factr in SETI research?
A．The upgrade f data-string equipment.
B．The applicatin f machine-learning technlgy.
C．The develpment f radi cmmunicatin systems.
D．The inventin f the largest telescpe in the wrld.
15．What is the mst challenging part f the SETI prject?
A．Raising funds fr lng-term research.
B．Obtaining enugh data frm ne millin stars.
C．Distinguishing alien signals frm human signals.
D．Aviding interfering with GPS and mbile phnes.
16．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Advantages f classical algrithms.
B．Further plan fr the SETI prgramme.
C．The gal f the cmmunity-science prject.
D．Imprvements in machine-learning appraches.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．C 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于寻找类似人造电磁辐射的信号的 SETI 项目，以及该项目的研究关键和面临的挑战。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“The prject, knwn as SETI, is an effrt t find artificial lking electrmagnetic-radiatin (电磁辐射) signals that might have cme frm a technlgically advanced civilizatin in a far-away slar system.”(该项目被称为SETI，旨在寻找看起来像人造的电磁辐射信号，这些信号可能来自遥远太阳系中技术先进的文明。)可知，SETI 项目的目的是寻找外太空的生命。故选 A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is a new era fr SETI research that is pening up thanks t machine learning technlgy”(借助机器学习技术，SETI研究进入了一个新时代) 可知，机器学习技术是 SETI 研究的关键因素。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The difficult part is differentiating signals frm Earth technlgy frm the kind f signals we’d be lking fr frm technlgy smewhere else in the Galaxy”(困难的部分是区分来自地球技术的信号和我们在银河系其他地方寻找的信号) 可知，SETI 项目最具挑战的部分是区分地球技术信号和外星技术信号。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“SETI will prbably use a mixture f classical and machine-learning appraches t srt thrugh data. Classical algrithms (经典算法) remain excellent at picking up signals, and machine learning can’t d everything," says Jean-Luc Margt, an astrnmer at UCLA.”（SETI可能会混合使用经典方法和机器学习方法来整理数据。加州大学洛杉矶分校的天文学家Jean-Luc Margt说:“经典算法在获取信号方面仍然很出色，机器学习不能做所有事情。）可知，最后一段主要关于SETI项目的进一步计划。故选B。
阅读理解七选五
（23-24高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）The wman bringing Mandarin t Uganda
Wang Lihng Sma, wh mved t East Africa frm China mre than tw decades ag, is determined t teach Ugandans hw t speak Mandarin (普通话). 17 The first 30 teachers have nw cmpleted their training and have started hlding Mandarin classes in schls acrss the cuntry.
Frty mre teachers are nw enrlled (入学) and classes start at 8:00 and finish at 22:00 frm Mnday t Friday. 18 Hwever, Pavin Mulkwa, a teacher frm Mbarara, sees it as an pprtunity t braden her jb prspects. Anther trainee, Praise Twebaze, agrees and hpes it will enable him t travel t.
19 Ga Yahui, wh has been teaching Mandarin in Uganda fr a year, says it has changed her understanding f Africa. Frm Xi’an city in central China, the 39-year-ld left her husband and child behind t cme and teach but was warned by her family and friends nt t because f “diseases and war”. “ 20 When I g back t China, I will intrduce the real Africa t the peple in China and change their way f lking at Africa.”
Wang’s gal is t have 100 teachers trained up and teaching Mandarin in 60 Ugandan schls by 2023. She sees it as a win-win situatin, giving the example f hw Chinese have benefited frm learning English. “ 21 We learnt their technlgy and skills and then we develped.”
A．They learn ur language.
B．I just think in the same way.
C．We learnt their language and we understd them.
D．When I came here, it changed my fixed ideas abut African peple.
E．It is nt just Ugandans wh see this curse as a life-changing pprtunity.
F．She and her husband are rganising nine-mnth curses fr teachers t learn Mandarin.
G．T becme fluent and be able t teach a language within nine mnths is a huge undertaking.
【答案】17．F 18．G 19．E 20．D 21．C
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一名中国女子在乌干达办学教中文的故事。
17．根据该空上一句“Wang Lihng Sma, wh mved t East Africa frm China mre than tw decades ag, is determined t teach Ugandans hw t speak Mandarin(普通话).( 20多年前从中国移居东非的王丽红·索玛(Wang Lihng Sma)决心教乌干达人说普通话。)”和下文“The first 30 teachers have nw cmpleted their training and have started hlding Mandarin classes in schls acrss the cuntry.(首批30名教师现已完成培训，并开始在全国各地的学校开设普通话课程。)”可知,王丽红决定教授乌干达人学习汉语,而第一批受训的教师已经结业。F项“她和丈夫正在为教师组织为期9个月的普通话课程。”提到王丽红和她的丈夫开设了针对教师的为期九个月的汉语培训课程,符合此处语境。故选F项。
18．该空与下一句为转折关系。根据下文“Hwever, Pavin Mulkwa, a teacher frm Mbarara, sees it as an pprtunity t braden her jb prspects. Anther trainee, Praise Twebaze, agrees and hpes it will enable him t travel t.(然而，来自姆巴拉拉的教师Pavin Mulkwa认为这是一个拓宽自己就业前景的机会。另一位学员普雷兹·特韦伯兹对此表示赞同，并希望这也能让他去旅行。)”可知,乌干达的一名教师把学习汉语看成是拓展职业前景的机遇。G项“要在9个月内掌握一门流利的语言并能够教授它是一项艰巨的任务。”提到在九个月内学会汉语是一项艰巨的任务，符合此处语境。故选G项。
19．该空承上启下。根据下文“Ga Yahui, wh has been teaching Mandarin in Uganda fr a year, says it has changed her understanding f Africa.(在乌干达教汉语已有一年的高雅慧(音译)表示，这改变了她对非洲的理解。)”可知,不仅乌干达人把学习汉语看作是改变人生的机会,这也是中国人重新认识乌干达的机会,故E项“不仅仅是乌干达人将这门课程视为改变人生的机会。”符合此处语境。故选E项。
20．根据该空前“Frm Xi’an city in central China, the 39-year-ld left her husband and child behind t cme and teach but was warned by her family and friends nt t because f “diseases and war”.(来自中国中部城市西安，39岁的她离开丈夫和孩子来这里教书，但她的家人和朋友警告她不要来，因为“疾病和战争”。)”的was warned by her family and friends nt t because f “diseases and war”和该空后的“When I g back t China, I will intrduce the real Africa t the peple in China and change their way f lking at Africa.”(当我回到中国时，我要把真实的非洲介绍给中国人民，改变他们对非洲的看法。”)”可知,高女士去了乌干达之后,重新认识了非洲人,因此D项“当我来到这里，它改变了我对非洲人的固有观念。”符合此处语境。故选D项。
21．该空与下一句为并列关系。根据上句“She sees it as a win-win situatin, giving the example f hw Chinese have benefited frm learning English.(她认为这是一个双赢的局面，并举了中国人如何从学习英语中受益的例子。)”中的giving the example f hw Chinese have benefited frm learning English可知，王丽红以中国学生通过学习英文了解英美国家并获益为例,进一步说明了我们学习他们的语言、理解他们的想法、学习他们的科技与技术,继而我们可以得到发展,故C项“我们学会了他们的语言，理解了他们。”符合此处语境。故选C项。
（2024·河北沧州·三模）It was late Nvember. Mst f the leaves had fallen ff the trees, leaving nly 22 branches waving in the surrunding muntains. The sky was gray with cluds 23 dwn a cld, bne-chilling rain. My md 24 the day.
The lder I gt, the less it seemed I liked the winter mnths. When I was a by, they meant playing in the snw, making snwmen, having snwball fights, and then curling up with my dg by the 25 and reading my favrite bks. But nw they just meant watching the days get 26 driving n dark rads, and feeling the cld wind 27 my face like a slap.
I sighed and lay dwn n my bed. A feeling f 28 settled ver my spirit and I wished I culd get under the cvers and sleep until spring. Just then my little dg 29 nt my bed and lked at me with her big, wet eyes. She lked s sad and 30 that I laughed and petted her. I 31 she ften mirrred my mds. I smiled and cntinued t pet her head 32 she t brke int a happy smile. I snuggled up (依偎) with her, lking up t the gray sky.
The little dg 33 me that in life the whle wrld arund us is ur mirrr. We can either be a 34 f light r a shadw f darkness. We can either give the wrld ur kindness r ur 35 . My little pup shwed me nce again that life is 36 what we make it and that we can reflect ur warmth, lve, and light even in winter’s darkest days.
22．A．rughB．bareC．deadD．thick
23．A．thrwingB．gingC．fallingD．breaking
24．A．influencedB．attackedC．matchedD．lifted
25．A．wallB．riverC．snwD．stve
26．A．warmerB．lngerC．shrterD．clder
27．A．verB．againstC．beneathD．twards
28．A．happinessB．panicC．curisityD．depressin
29．A．jumped upB．held upC．tk upD．lifted up
30．A．exhaustedB．dubtfulC．disappintedD．miserable
31．A．disapprvedB．challengedC．cmplainedD．acknwledged
32．A．whileB．unlessC．untilD．after
33．A．remindedB．persuadedC．warnedD．stimulated
34．A．temperatureB．reflectinC．recveryD．shape
35．A．hpeB．mdC．angerD．jy
36．A．rarelyB．pssiblyC．partiallyD．truly
【答案】
22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．D 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过自己和狗狗的在一个冬天的经历，体会到生活真的是我们自己创造的，即使在冬天最黑暗的日子里，我们也能反映出我们的快乐、爱和光明。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：树上的叶子大多落了，只剩下光秃秃的树枝在周围的群山中摇曳。A. rugh粗糙的；B. bare光秃秃的；C. dead死的；D. thick厚的。根据上文“Mst f the leaves had fallen ff the trees”可知，叶子都掉落了，所以是光秃秃的。故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：天空灰蒙蒙的，乌云密布，下着刺骨的冷雨。A. thrwing投；B. ging去；C. falling降落；D. breaking打破，折断。根据下文“dwn a cld, bne-chilling rain”可知，下着刺骨的冷雨。固定搭配thrw dwn rain“下雨”。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心情与天气相符。A. influenced影响；B. attacked袭击；C. matched匹配；D. lifted提起，举起。根据下文“I sighed and lay dwn n my bed. A feeling f 7 settled ver my spirit and I wished I culd get under the cvers and sleep until spring.”可知，作者的心情与阴沉的天气相符。故选C项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，它们意味着在雪地里玩耍，堆雪人，打雪仗，然后和我的狗蜷缩在火炉旁，读我最喜欢的书。A. wall墙；B. river河流；C. snw雪；D. stve炉子。根据下文“reading my favrite bks.”可知，是在温暖的炉火旁，享受着读书的快乐。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在，它们只意味着看着白天越来越短，在黑暗的道路上开车，感觉冷风打在我的脸上，就像打了我一巴掌。A. warmer温暖的；B. lnger较长的；C. shrter较短的；D. clder较冷的。根据下文“n dark rads”可知，白天越来越短。故选C项。
27．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但现在，它们只意味着看着白天越来越短，在黑暗的道路上开车，感觉冷风打在我的脸上，就像打了我一巴掌。A. ver悬在……上面；B. against迎着；C. beneath在……下方；D. twards朝向。根据下文“like a slap”可知，冷风打在作者的脸上。故选B项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种沮丧的感觉笼罩着我的精神，我希望我能钻进被窝，睡到春天。A. happiness快乐；B. panic恐慌；C. curisity好奇；D. depressin沮丧。根据上文“I sighed and lay dwn n my bed”可知，作者是沮丧的。故选D项。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的小狗跳上我的床，用她湿漉漉的大眼睛看着我。A. jumped up跳起来；B. held up支撑；C. tk up从事；D. lifted up提升。根据下文“nt my bed and lked at me with her big, wet eyes”可知，小狗跳上床。故选A项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看起来那么悲伤和痛苦，我笑着抚摸着她。A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. dubtful怀疑的；C. disappinted失望的；D. miserable痛苦的。根据上文“s sad”可知，看起来那么悲伤和痛苦。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认她经常反映我的心情。A. disapprved不同意；B. challenged挑战；C. cmplained抱怨；D. acknwledged承认。根据下文“she ften mirrred my mds.”可知，这是作者承认的内容。故选D项。
32．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我笑了笑，继续抚摸着她的头，直到她也露出幸福的笑容。A. while然而；B. unless除非；C. until直到；D. after之后。根据句意可知，本句为until引导的时间状语从句。故选C项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小狗提醒我，在生活中，我们周围的整个世界都是我们的镜子。A. reminded提醒；B. persuaded说服；C. warned警告；D. stimulated刺激。根据上文“she ften mirrred my mds.”可知，小狗在提醒作者，周围的整个世界都是我们的镜子。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们既可以成为光明的反射，也可以成为黑暗的阴影。A. temperature温度；B. reflectin反射；C. recvery恢复；D. shape形状。根据常识及下文“f light r a shadw f darkness”可知，光具有反射性，这里指我们可以是光明的反射，即传递光明和正能量。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以给世界善意，也可以给世界愤怒。A. hpe希望；B. md心情；C. anger愤怒；D. jy快乐。根据上文“kindness”可知，与善意相对的是愤怒。故选C项。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的小狗再一次告诉我，生活真的是我们自己创造的，即使在冬天最黑暗的日子里，我们也能反映出我们的温暖、爱和光明。A. rarely稀少地；B. pssibly可能地；C. partially不完全地；D. truly真正地。根据下文“we can reflect ur warmth, lve, and light even in winter’s darkest days”可知，生活真的是我们自己创造的。故选D项。
（23-24高二下·陕西西安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Chinese art histry, 37 is knwn t us is that Qi Baishi ranks as a twering figure. His unusual and playful style pened up a new vista in the imagery f traditinal Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely 38 (recgnize) in mdern sciety.
Lifelike shrimps play a key rle in Qi’s vast bdy f visual artwrks. The “shrimps” are s ppular that they 39 (becme) synnymus with the painter himself already. 40 his predecessrs, Qi Baishi painted shrimps in an impressinistic style with swift and definite brush strkes. He used different shades f ink 41 (mdel) the shrimp’s trs (躯干) and head. These shrimps are nt just passive subject matter, but they are asserting their presence, 42 (make) his wrks mre vivid.
Qi was an all-rund artist. Brn t a family f farmers in Hunan in 1864, he learned carpentry in his teens, and later taught 43 (he) the arts f painting, petry, calligraphy and seal cutting. The years spent in rural areas swed in him a deep-rted lve f nature. During his yuth, he traveled arund the cuntry t seek 44 (inspire) frm nature while 45 (enthusiastic) studying the masterpieces f early Chinese painters. Qi settled in Beijing in 1919 and sn achieved wide fame in the. Chinese capital. Qi Baishi pened 46 new windw fr the fine art wrld. He was named the “Peple’s Painter” and awarded the title f “Peple’s Artist” by China’s Ministry f Culture.
【答案】
37．what 38．recgnized 39．have becme 40．Unlike 41．t mdel 42．making 43．himself 44．inspiratin 45．enthusiastically 46．a
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国著名画家齐白石。
37．考查主语从句。句意：在中国美术史上，我们所知道的是齐白石是一个高耸入云的人物。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用连接代词what。故填what。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：他独特而俏皮的风格为中国传统绘画的意象开辟了新的前景，留下了丰富的遗产，至今仍被现代社会广泛认可。此处修饰a rich legacy，与recgnize是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填recgnized。
39．考查时态。句意：“虾”是如此受欢迎，以至于它们已经成为画家本人的代名词。根据后文already可知为现在完成时，主语为they，助动词用have。故填have becme。
40．考查介词。句意：与他的前辈不同，齐白石以印象派的风格画虾，笔触迅速而明确。后跟名词作宾语，表示“不像”应用介词unlike，首字母大写。故填Unlike。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：他用不同色度的墨水来塑造虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语，mdel应用动词不定式形式。故填t mdel。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些虾不只是被动的题材，而是在彰显自己的存在，使他的作品更加生动。该空后内容是前句造成的意料之中的结果，make用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。
43．考查反身代词。句意：他于1864年出生于湖南的一个农民家庭，十几岁时学习木工，后来自学绘画、诗歌、书法和篆刻艺术。此处表示“他（齐白石）自学”，应用反身代词himself。故填himself。
44．考查名词。句意：年轻时，他游历全国各地，在大自然中寻找灵感，同时热情地研究中国早期画家的杰作。此处作seek的宾语，应用名词inspiratin，不可数。故填inspiratin。
45．考查副词。句意：年轻时，他游历全国各地，在大自然中寻找灵感，同时热情地研究中国早期画家的杰作。此处修饰动词studying，应用副词enthusiastically，作状语。故填enthusiastically。
46．考查冠词。句意：齐白石为美术界打开了一扇新的窗口。此处泛指“一扇新的窗口”，应用不定冠词，new是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
47．（23-24高二上·河南·期末）为丰富学生们的课外生活，你校将举办以 “Traditinal Chinese Drama” 为主题的展览。请你代表学生会用英语写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 展览时间、地点；
2. 展览内容、意义；
3. 鼓励学生参展。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ntice
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
【答案】One pssible versin:
Ntice
T enrich ur extra-curricular activities, ur schl will hld an exhibitin themed n “Traditinal Chinese Drama” in the dining hall frm 8: 00 am t 5: 00 pm this Saturday.
As scheduled, it cvers varius exhibits cncerning Peking Opera, Kunqu and Yu Opera, etc, which represent the unique charm f Chinese drama. Thrugh the exhibitin, nt nly can we knw mre abut diverse perfrmances f drama, but we can als gain a better understanding f traditinal Chinese culture, thus spreading it t the wrld.
Lking frward t yur cming.
The Student Unin
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一则书面通知，告知同学们学校将举办以 “Traditinal Chinese Drama”为主题的展览。
【详解】1.词汇积累
各种各样的：varius→all kinds f/a variety f
获得：gain→btain
魅力：charm→glamur→fascinatin
因此：thus→therefre→as a result
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：T enrich ur extra-curricular activities, ur schl will hld an exhibitin themed n “Traditinal Chinese Drama” in the dining hall frm 8: 00 am t 5: 00 pm this Saturday.
拓展句：T enrich ur extra-curricular activities, ur schl will hld an exhibitin which is themed n “Traditinal Chinese Drama” in the dining hall frm 8: 00 am t 5: 00 pm this Saturday.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As scheduled, it cvers varius exhibits cncerning Peking Opera, Kunqu and Yu Opera, etc, which represent the unique charm f Chinese drama. (运用了状语从句的省略和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Thrugh the exhibitin, nt nly can we knw mre abut diverse perfrmances f drama, but we can als gain a better understanding f traditinal Chinese culture, thus spreading it t the wrld. (运用了部分倒装和现在分词短语作状语)
48．（23-24高二上·河南·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once, a small village farmer had the misfrtune f wing a large sum f mney t a village mney lender. The mney lender was ld, unmarried and fancied f marrying the farmer’s beautiful daughter.
One day, the farmer went t the mney lender t ask him fr sme mre time t return the lan. The mney lender pretended t be angry fr a while and then prpsed a bargain (交易). The mney lender said that if the farmer culd nt repay his debt, he wuld be punished r he had an ptin t let him marry his daughter and all his debt wuld be frgiven.
Bth the farmer and his daughter were frightened by the prpsal. There was n way the farmer culd pay back the mney sn but he did nt want his beautiful daughter t marry the ld and cruel mney lender.
In an attempt t persuade the farmer t accept his deal, the tricky mney lender made an attractive cnditin in deciding the fate (命运) f the father and daughter. He wuld keep a black and a white pebble (鹅卵石) in a bag. The girl then had t chse a pebble which wuld decide her fate. If she picked the black pebble, she wuld have t marry the mney lender and her father’s debt wuld be frgiven. If she picked the white pebble, she did nt need t marry the mney lender and her father’s debt wuld still be frgiven. If she refused t pick the pebble, the farmer wuld be thrwn int prisn.
They were standing n a path filled with pebbles. The mney lender even called the nearby villagers t witness the event, s that n party culd walk away frm their wrds. The mney lender bent ver, picked tw pebbles and kept them in a mney bag. The sharp-eyed girl nticed that he had picked tw black pebbles instead f a black and a white. He then asked the girl t pick a pebble frm the bag.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The girl was cnfused abut what t d.
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The mney lender dared nt admit his dishnesty in frnt f the villagers.
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【答案】One pssible versin:
The girl was cnfused abut what t d. She knew that she was being cheated by the mney lender. She thught fr a while and then put her hand int the mney bag and drew ut a pebble. Withut lking r shwing it t anyne, she fumbled and let it fall int the pebble-strewn path where it gt lst amng the ther pebbles. “Oh, I am srry, hw clumsy f me,” she said sadly. “But never mind, if yu lk int the bag fr the ne that is left, we will knw which pebble I picked.”
The mney lender dared nt admit his dishnesty in frnt f the villagers. The black pebble in the bag made it lk like the girl had chsen the white pebble. She did nt have t marry the ld mney lender and her father’s debt was waived. The villagers were there t witness the whle event, which frced the mney lender t keep his wrd. The girl changed a seemingly impssible situatin int an extremely advantageus and psitive ne.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了农夫因欠钱庄主一大笔钱而面临困境，钱庄主提出让农夫的女儿嫁给他以抵消债务的无理要求，并设计了一个通过选择鹅卵石来决定命运的游戏，但农夫的女儿发现钱庄主作弊，放了两颗黑鹅卵石在袋子里的故事。幸运的是，农夫的女儿非常机智，发现了钱庄主的阴谋，并巧妙地应对了这个局面。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“女孩不知道该怎么办。”可知，第一段可描写农夫的女儿非常机智，识破查钱庄主的阴谋，拿出一块鹅卵石并故意弄掉鹅卵石。
②由第二段首句内容“放债人不敢在村民面前承认自己的不诚实。”可知，第二段可描写钱庄主被迫信守诺言，女孩巧妙化解危机。
2.续写线索：女孩思考怎么办——拿出一块鹅卵石并弄掉鹅卵石——破解查钱庄主的阴谋——钱庄主被迫信守诺言——化解危机
3.词汇激活
行为类
①欺骗：cheat/trick/fl
②选择：chse/select
③信守诺言：keep ne’s wrd/keep ne’s prmise
情绪类
①伤心地：sadly/srrwfully/unhappily
②积极的：psitive/cnstructive
【点睛】[高分句型1]She knew that she was being cheated by the mney lender. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]The villagers were there t witness the whle event, which frced the mney lender t keep his wrd. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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阅读理解A
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二、完形填空
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三、语法填空
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四、书面表达
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五、读后续写