北京专用01 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷（解析版）

这是一份北京专用01 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷（解析版），共11页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37， 7%等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2022春·北京·高一北京市陈经纶中学）
Lve the way yu walk
Listen carefully t the ftsteps in the family hme, and yu can prbably wrk ut wh is walking abut. The features mst cmmnly used t identify peple are faces, vices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is als a giveaway.
Researchers have used vide cameras and cmputers t analyze peple’s gaits, and are nw quite gd at it. But translating such knwledge int a practical identificatin system can be tricky. Cameras are ften visible, are difficult t set up, require gd lighting and may have their view blcked by ther peple. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been lking fr a better way t recgnize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.
Such mats are nthing new. They have been a part f security system. But Ozanyan and Scully use a cmplicated versin that can recrd the amunt f pressure applied in different paces as smene walks acrss it. These measurements frm a pattern unique t the walker. The researchers turned t an artificial-intelligence system t recgnize such patterns, and it seemed t wrk. In a study in 2018, they tested the system n a database f ftsteps f 127 peple. They fund its errr rate in identifying wh was a mere 0. 7%. And Scully says even withut a database f ftsteps t wrk with, the system can determine sme’s sex and, with reasnable accuracy, a subject’s age.
One applicatin f the mat-based gait-recgnitin system might be in health care, particularly fr the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing hme r an ld persn’s wn residence culd mnitr changes in an individual’s gait that indicate certain illnesses. That wuld prvide early warning f smene being at greater risk f falling ver.
Gait analysis might als be used as a security measure in the wrkplace, mnitring access t restricted areas, such as parts f military bases, server farms r labratries dealing with dangerus materials.
Perhaps the mst interesting use f the mats, thugh, wuld be in public places, such as airprts. Fr that t wrk, the ftsteps f thse t be recgnized wuld need t have been stres in a database, which wuld be harder t arrange than the cllectin f phtgraphs and fingerprints that existing airprt security systems rely n. Many aircrew r preregistered frequent flyers wuld welcme anything that speeded up ne f the mst tiresme mdern travel.
1．What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 2?
A．Research equipment B．Research findings.
C．Research assumptins(假设)D．Research backgrund.
2．Accrding t Paragraph 3, the mat is used t ________ .
A．cllect dataB．ensure safetyC．determine ageD．analyse pressure
3．The gait-recgnitin system might be applied t________.
A．mnitr security wrk prgressB．find ptential health prblems
C．keep track f travelling frequencyD．warn passengers f pssible dangers
4．The main purpse f the passage is t ________.
A．cmpare and educateB．examine and assess(评估)
C．discuss and persuadeD．explain and infrm
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的发明——压敏垫，它能够感知人们的步法以及它在各行各业的应用。
【解析】
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers have used vide cameras and cmputers t analyze peple’s gaits, and are nw quite gd at it. But translating such knwledge int a practical identificatin system can be tricky. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been lking fr a better way t recgnize gait. (研究人员使用摄像机和电脑来分析人们的步态，现在他们在这方面做得相当好。但将这些知识转化为实用的识别系统可能是棘手的。Dr. Ozanyan 和 Dr. Scully领导的团队一直在寻找一种更好的识别步态的方法。)”可知，本段主要在介绍压敏垫研究的背景。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But Ozanyan and Scully use a cmplicated versin that can recrd the amunt f pressure applied in different paces as smene walks acrss it.(但是Ozanyan和Scully使用了一个复杂的版本，可以记录当人们走过它时不同步伐施加的压力。)”可知，压敏垫可以用来收集数据。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“A mat placed in a nursing hme r an ld persn’s wn residence culd mnitr changes in an individual’s gait that indicate certain illnesses.( 放在养老院或老人自己住所的垫子可以监测个人步态的变化，从而发现某些疾病。)”可知，该系统可以能够发现潜在的健康问题。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been lking fr a better way t recgnize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.( Dr. Ozanyan 和Dr. Scully领导的团队一直在寻找一种更好的识别步态的方法。他们的答案是：压敏垫。)”可知，文章的写作目的是为了向读者解释压敏垫的研究背景及相关信息并告知读者该内容。故选D项。
B
（2022春·北京·高一北师大二附中）
All I had t d fr the tw dllars was clean her huse fr a few hurs after schl. It was a beautiful huse, t, with a plastic-cvered sfa and chairs, wall-t-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stve, a washing machine and a dryer—things that were cmmn in her neighbrhd, absent in mine. In the middle f the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stckings.
I knew hw t scrub flrs n my knees and hw t wash clthes in ur zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hver vacuum cleaner r an irn that wasn’t heated by fire.
Part f my pride in wrking fr her was earning mney I culd squander (浪费): n mvies, candy, paddle balls, jacks, ice-cream cnes. But a larger part f my pride was based n the fact that I gave half my wages t my mther, which meant that sme f my earnings were used fr real things—an insurance-plicy payment r what was wed t the milkman r the iceman. The pleasure f being necessary t my parents was prfund. I was nt like the children in flktales: burdensme muths t feed, nuisances t be crrected, prblems s severe that they were abandned t the frest. I had a status that ding rutine chres in my huse did nt prvide—and it earned me a slw smile, an apprving nd frm an adult. Cnfirmatins that I was adultlike, nt childlike.
In thse days, the frties, children were nt just lved r liked; they were needed. They culd earn mney; they culd care fr children yunger than themselves; they culd wrk the farm, take care f the herd, run errands (差事), and much mre. I suspect that children aren’t needed in that way nw. They are lved, dted n, prtected, and helped. Fine, and yet...
Little by little, I gt better at cleaning her huse—gd enugh t be given mre t d, much mre. I was rdered t carry bkcases upstairs and, nce, t mve a pian frm ne side f a rm t the ther. I fell carrying the bkcases. And after pushing the pian my arms and legs hurt s badly. I wanted t refuse, r at least t cmplain, but I was afraid she wuld fire me, and I wuld lse the freedm the dllar gave me, as well as the standing I had at hme—althugh bth were slwly being erded. She began t ffer me her clthes, fr a price. Impressed by these wrn things, which lked simply grgeus t a little girl wh had nly tw dresses t wear t schl, I bught a few. Until my mther asked me if I really wanted t wrk fr castffs. S I learned t say “N, thank yu” t a faded sweater ffered fr a quarter f a week’s pay.
Still, I had truble summning (鼓起) the curage t discuss r bject t the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I tld my mther hw unhappy I was she wuld tell me t quit. Then ne day, alne in the kitchen with my father, I let drp a few whines abut the jb. I gave him details, examples f what trubled me, yet althugh he listened intently, I saw n sympathy in his eyes. N “Oh, yu pr little thing.” Perhaps he understd that what I wanted was a slutin t the jb, nt an escape frm it. In any case, he put dwn his cup f cffee and said, “Listen. Yu dn’t live there. Yu live here. With yur peple. G t wrk. Get yur mney. And cme n hme.”
That was what he said. This was what I heard:
Whatever the wrk is, d it well—nt fr the bss but fr yurself.
Yu make the jb; it desn’t make yu.
Yur real life is with us—yur family.
Yu are nt the wrk yu d; yu are the persn yu are.
I have wrked fr all srts f peple since then, geniuses and mrns, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrw. I’ve had many kinds f jbs, but since that cnversatin with my father I have never cnsidered the level f labr t be the measure f myself, and I have never placed the security f a jb abve the value f hme.
5．Accrding t the article, which f the fllwing is true abut children in the 1940s and nw?
A．Children becme needed, lved and liked when they are at frty.
B．Children in mdern times are less likely t be spiled by parents.
C．Children in 1940s are capable as they can handle varius daily rutine.
D．Children in mdern times aren’t needed t d daily wrks any mre.
6．What did the authr’s father make her understand?
A．Dn’t escape frm difficulties at wrk.
B．Whatever decisin she made, her father wuld supprt her.
C．Cnvey her dissatisfactin with her wrk.
D．Make a distinctin between wrk and life.
7．Which f the fllwing crrespnds t the authr’s views in the passage?
A．Dn’t regard wrk achievement as a criterin fr evaluating neself.
B．Hard wrk is a struggle fr a better future in yur limited life.
C．Parents are the best teachers f children.
D．Jb security is less valuable when cmpared with family.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，本文通过讲述作者小时候去别人家打工的故事，探讨了工作与生活和自我价值之间的关系。无论做什么工作，工作都不是衡量自我的尺度，要分清工作与生活。
【解析】
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“In thse days, the frties, children were nt just lved r liked; they were needed. They culd earn mney; they culd care fr children yunger than themselves; they culd wrk the farm, take care f the herd, run errands(差事), and much mre. I suspect that children aren’t needed in that way nw. They are lved, dted n, prtected, and helped. (在四十年代那些日子里，孩子不仅仅被爱或喜欢，而且还是被需要的。他们可以赚钱；可以照顾比自己小的孩子；可以在农场里打工，照顾牛群，办差事等等。我怀疑现在不需要这种方式的孩子了。他们被爱，被溺爱，被保护，被帮助)”可知，1940年代的孩子有能力应付各种日常事务。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ve had many kinds f jbs, but since that cnversatin with my father I have never cnsidered the level f labr t be the measure f myself, and I have never placed the security f a jb abve the value f hme. (我从事过许多工作，但自从与父亲交谈以来，我从未考虑过劳动水平是衡量我自己的标准，而且从未将工作的安全感放在家庭价值之上)，再结合“Yu make the jb; it desn’t make yu. Yur real life is with us, yur family. Yu are nt the wrk yu d; yu are the persn yu are.(你做工作，不是工作做你。你的真实生活和我们，你的家人，在一起。你不是你所做的工作；你是你自己)”可知，作者的父亲让她明白了要分清工作和生活。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ve had many kinds f jbs, but since that cnversatin with my father I have never cnsidered the level f labr t be the measure f myself, and I have never placed the security f a jb abve the value f hme. (我从事过许多工作，但自从与父亲交谈以来，我从未考虑过劳动水平是衡量我自己的标准，而且从未将工作的安全性放在家庭价值之上。)可知，A项：Dn’t regard wrk achievement as a criterin fr evaluating neself.(不要把工作成就当作评价自己的标准)与作者的观点一致，故选A。
C
（2022春·北京·高一北大附中）
Carnival: One Day in Ri
Last year I went t the Ri de Janeir Carnival, and it blew my mind. It had been my dream t attend the famus carnival fr many years, s I was excited. Hwever, the mment I arrived, I was a little bit nervus because there were s many peple n the streets. They say that five r six millin peple cme t Ri during carnival time and abut tw millin f them are n the streets n any given day. Luckily, I had a lcal guide, my sister’s friend Rnnie. He said he wuld take care f me and shw me all the highlights. He did nt let me dwn.
Well, the carnival is mst definitely all abut the samba. It’s a style f music and dance which has its rts in Africa. Lts f Africans were used as slave labr by the Prtuguese when Brazil was being clnized, s this mixed culture f African, Latin and Eurpean styles is really strng here. Samba music is usually fast and exciting with a lt f drums and harmnic vcals. It’s the kind f music that yu can’t help dancing t, and I was learning that as I fllwed Rnnie thrugh the crwd, my hips and shulders were swinging almst invluntarily.
Rnnie had gt us tickets fr the samba parade, the icn f Brazilian culture, inside the Sambadrme where the tp samba schls cmpete fr the champinship title, but we still had a lng way t g thrugh the street parties. He said mst peple enjy the carnival by making their wn parties in the street. Abut the samba parade, twelve main teams cmpete fr the champinship, and if they win, their perfrmance will be talked abut fr years t cme. S, yu must be wndering hw it was. Well, I’m afraid I can’t tell yu. Rnnie and I never made int the Sambadrme. We spent the day mving frm ne street party t anther. There were mre snacks, mre drinks and lts f dancing. D I regret missing the main parade? Nt at all. I experienced the carnival like the lcals, and it was truly amazing.
8．What was the main cause fr the authr’s tensin in the beginning?
A．The dubts abut the visit. B．The nervusness ver the crwd.
C．The inability t find a lcal guide.D．The anxiety abut visiting a new cuntry.
9．What can we learn abut samba frm this passage?
A．Samba has its rts in America.
B．Samba is nt the taste f the writer.
C．Samba has a lng and mixed culture.
D．Samba music is usually slw and sft.
10．The authr didn’t regret missing the parade because ________.
A．she met sme amazing lcal peple
B．she didn’t have the tickets fr the parade
C．she celebrated the festival in a lcal way
D．she enjyed the carnival by making her wn parties
11．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Rnnie?
A．Mdest and determined.B．Humrus and ambitius.
C．Creative and sympatheticD．Reliable and cnsiderate.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在里约热内卢参加的一次狂欢节活动的经历。
【解析】
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, the mment I arrived, I was a little bit nervus because there were s many peple n the streets. (然而，当我到达的那一刻，我有点紧张，因为街上有那么多人)”可知，作者开始的时候紧张是因为街上人很多的缘故。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s a style f music and dance which has its rts in Africa. Lts f Africans were used as slave labr by the Prtuguese when Brazil was being clnized, s this mixed culture f African, Latin and Eurpean styles is really strng here. (这是一种起源于非洲的音乐和舞蹈风格。当巴西被殖民时，许多非洲人被葡萄牙人用作奴隶劳工，所以这种非洲、拉丁和欧洲风格的混合文化在这里非常强大)”可知，桑巴舞有悠久的历史并且是多种文化的混合。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“D I regret missing the main parade? Nt at all. I experienced the carnival like the lcals, and it was truly amazing. (我后悔错过了游行吗？一点也不。我和当地人一样体验了狂欢节，这真是太棒了)”可知，作者不后悔错过了游行，因为他以当地人庆祝狂欢节的方式体验了狂欢节。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“He said he wuld take care f me and shw me all the highlights. He did nt let me dwn. (他说他会照顾我，给我看所有的亮点。他没有让我失望)”和最后一段“We spent the day mving frm ne street party t anther. There were mre snacks, mre drinks and lts f dancing. D I regret missing the main parade? Nt at all. I experienced the carnival like the lcals, and it was truly amazing. (我们花了一天时间从一个街头派对转移到另一个。有更多的零食，更多的饮料和很多的舞蹈。我后悔错过了阅兵式吗？一点也不。我和当地人一样体验了狂欢节，这真是太棒了)”可知，罗尼是一个可靠又考虑周到的人。故选D。
D
（2022春·北京·高一北京二十中）
In ver 25 years, DeSimne has spun his research findings int cmmercial gld by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University f Nrth Cai’lina, he prvided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his cmpanies. His emplyers bar him frm simultaneusly hlding an academic pst and an executive psitin. The dual rles can present huge cnflicts.
Cnflicts f interest (COIs)ccur when an individual’s persnal interests—family, friendships, financial, r scial factrs—culd cmprmise his r her judgment, decisins, r actins in the wrkplace, and it makes sund career sense t think abut hw t manage them. Researchers shuld disclse ptential r existing cnflicts acrss all aspects f academic life.
In mst places, COI management runs n an hnr system. Researchers decide which financial hldings and relatinships t disclse t university administratrs. Jurnals and funders adpt a similar system when they ask authrs and peer reviewers abut ptential cnflicts related t manuscript r grant apprvals.
Mst research institutins ffer training t help faculty members t understand what cnstitutes a ptential r existing cnflict. Administratrs then decide whether the interest presents a cnflict, and whether that cnflict can be handled. If s, they create a management plan t address it. If nt, researchers must abandn the wrk, partner with researchers at ther institutins, r leave their university.
Perceptin plays a part in defining a ptential cnflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigatrs wh develp a technlgy in the labratry and then transfer it t their cmpany culd create a cnflict f interest in the eyes f their students, Walt says. But the ptential cnflict can be avided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discveries frm autmatically being transferred t the investigatr’s cmpany. Walt created such an arrangement t assure his students that they weren’t actually wrking fr his private cmpanies.
Relatinships can pse cnflicts when cnference rganizers are chsing speakers. Members f the American Sciety fr Human Genetics prgram cmmittee, which selects abstracts and talks fr their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves frm cnsidering talks by, fr example, researchers at their current and past institutins, clse cllabratrs and thse with whm they have persnal r familial ties.
Even differing pints f view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist wh chairs the cmmittee, says that members wh have disagreed persnally with ptential speakers might als be bliged t recuse themselves: “If yu feel like yu can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is cnsidered a COI.”
Handling COIs can be burdensme. COI managers emphasize that the gal is nt t suppress innvatin, but t expse ptential cnflicts s that they can be managed. “Nthing abut the prcess is meant t be prhibitive,” says Grewal, a COI fficer at MIT. Her institutin wants t enable gd science and the betterment f humanity. “During that prcess,” she says, “if yu make sme mney, that’s gd as well.”
12．The example f DeSimne in Paragraph 1 is used mainly t________.
A．raise a questin B．reprt a finding
C．intrduce a tpicD．present a thery
13．T better deal with COIs,________.
A．researchers have t quit their jb at the university
B．researchers shuld reprt the cnflicts that pssibly exist
C．institutins need t mnitr the staff’s career and relatinships
D．institutins shuld train researchers t create management plans
14．What can we leam frm the passage?
A．Grewal cnsiders COI management exhausting and cstly.
B．Walt arranged t transfer discveries at his lab t his cmpanies.
C．Cnference rganizers shuld avid inviting unqualified speakers.
D．Scacheri believes persnal viewpints may impact a reviewer’s decisin.
15．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．COIs can be defined depending n interpretatins.
B．COIs benefit scientific innvatin and better humanity.
C．COIs arise primarily due t the pursuit f financial gains.
D．COIs can be gt rid f by prmting fairness in wrkplaces.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是利益冲突，以及如何避免利益冲突。
【解析】
12．推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，DeSimne大学教员和公司股份持有者的双重身份导致了巨大冲突。再结合第二段的“Cnflicts f interest (COIs)ccur when an individual’s persnal interests—family, friendships, financial, r scial factrs—culd cmprmise his r her judgment, decisins, r actins in the wrkplace, and it makes sund career sense t think abut hw t manage them.（当一个人的个人利益——家庭、友谊、经济或社会因素——可能会损害他或她在工作场所的判断、决定或行动时，利益冲突(COIs)就会发生，考虑如何管理这些利益对职业生涯来说是很有意义的）”以及下文对如何处理利益冲突的陈述推知，第一段提到DeSimne的例子是为了引出本文的话题——如何处理利益冲突。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers shuld disclse ptential r existing cnflicts acrss all aspects f academic life.（研究人员应该揭示学术生活的各个方面潜在的或存在的冲突）”可知，为了更好的应对利益冲突，研究人员应报告可能存在的冲突。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Even differing pints f view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist wh chairs the cmmittee, says that members wh have disagreed persnally with ptential speakers might als be bliged t recuse themselves: “If yu feel like yu can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is cnsidered a COI.”（甚至不同的观点也能发挥作用。Scacheri是一名遗传学家，同时也是委员会主席。他说，那些个人与潜在演讲者意见不一致的成员也可能被迫回避:‘如果你觉得自己不能成为一个公正的评审员，那就被认为是COI。’）”可知，Scacheri认为个人观点可能会影响评审者的决定。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段“Perceptin plays a part in defining a ptential cnflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigatrs wh develp a technlgy in the labratry and then transfer it t their cmpany culd create a cnflict f interest in the eyes f their students, Walt says. But the ptential cnflict can be avided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discveries frm autmatically being transferred t the investigatr’s cmpany. Walt created such an arrangement t assure his students that they weren’t actually wrking fr his private cmpanies.（塔夫茨大学的化学家Walt警告称，理解在定义潜在冲突中起着重要作用。沃尔特说，在实验室里开发出一项技术，然后把它转移到他们公司的研究人员，在他们的学生看来可能会产生利益冲突。但通过起草一份许可协议，禁止将发现自动转让给调查人员的公司，就可以避免潜在的冲突。沃尔特这样做是为了让他的学生相信，他们实际上并不是在为他的私人公司工作）”推知，COIs的定义可以取决于理解。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022春·北京·高一北京市陈经纶中学）
All ver the wrld peple enjy sprts. Sprts help t keep peple healthy and happy, and t live lnger.
___16___ They buy tickets r turn n their TVs t watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player r team wins.
___17___ Ftball, fr example, has spread arund the wrld. Swimming is ppular in all cuntries near the sea r in thse with many rivers. What fun it is t jump int a pl r lake, whether in China, Egypt r Italy! ____18____ Think hw many lvers t skate r ski in Japan, Nrway r Canada.
Sme sprts r game g back thusands f years, like running r jumping. Chinese wushu, fr example, has a very lng histry. But basketball and vlleyball are rather new. Neither ne is a hundred years ld yet. ___19___ Water-skiing is ne f the newest in the family f sprts.
Peple frm different cuntries may nt be able t understand each ther, but after a game tgether they ften becme gd friends. ____20____ One learns t fight hard but fight fair, t win withut pride and t lse with grace.
A．And think f peple in cld cuntries.
B．Sprts help t train a persn’s character.
C．Nt a few peple participate in different sprts cmpetitins themselves.
D．Many peple like t watch thers play games.
E．Peple aren’t inventing new sprts r games.
F．Sme sprts are s interesting that peple everywhere take part in them.
G．Peple are inventing new sprts r games all the time.
【答案】16．D 17．F 18．A 19．G 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全世界的人不仅喜欢运动，更喜欢看比赛，还介绍了世界上一些受欢迎的运动、运动的历史和运动带来的好处。
【解析】
16．根据上文“All ver the wrld peple enjy sprts. Sprts help t keep peple healthy and happy, and t live lnger.(全世界的人都喜欢运动。运动有助于人们保持健康和快乐，并活得更长)”以及后文“They buy tickets r turn n their TVs t watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player r team wins.(他们购买门票或打开电视观看比赛。当他们的球员或球队获胜时，他们常常会非常兴奋)”可知，全世界的人不仅喜欢运动，更喜欢看比赛，D选项中watch thers play games对应后文中watch the games。故D选项“许多人喜欢看别人比赛”符合语境，故选D。
17．根据后文“Ftball, fr example, has spread arund the wrld. Swimming is ppular in all cuntries near the sea r in thse with many rivers. What fun it is t jump int a pl r lake, whether in China, Egypt r Italy!(例如，足球已经在世界各地传播开来。游泳在所有靠海或河流多的国家都很流行。无论是在中国、埃及还是意大利，跳进游泳池或湖里是多么有趣啊！)”可知，后文主要列举了一些世界各地的人都喜欢的运动。故F选项“有些运动很有趣，各地的人都参加”符合语境，总领下文。故选F。
18．根据后文“Think hw many lvers t skate r ski in Japan, Nrway r Canada.(想想在日本、挪威或加拿大有多少热爱滑冰或滑雪的人)”可知，后文提到了滑冰或滑雪运动，可知是在介绍寒冷国家的人们喜欢从事的运动。故A选项“再想想寒冷国家的人们”符合语境，故选A。
19．根据上文“Sme sprts r games g back thusands f years, like running r jumping. Chinese wushu, fr example, has a very lng histry. But basketball and vlleyball are rather new. Neither ne is a hundred years ld yet.(有些运动或游戏可以追溯到几千年前，比如跑步或跳跃。例如，中国武术就有着悠久的历史。但是篮球和排球是相当新的运动。它们都还没有100岁)”以及后文“Water-skiing is ne f the newest in the family f sprts.(滑水运动是运动家族中最新的运动之一)”可知，本段主要介绍了一些运动的历史，后文提到了滑水是最新的运动之一，可推测人们一直在发明新的运动，G选项中new sprts对应后文中the newest in the family f sprts。故G选项“人们一直在发明新的运动或游戏”符合语境，故选G。
20．根据后文“One learns t fight hard but fight fair, t win withut pride and t lse with grace.(一个人能学会努力奋斗，公平竞争，胜不骄，败不馁的道理)”可知，后文主要介绍了运动对一个人性格的塑造，故B选项“运动有助于培养一个人的性格”符合语境，故选B。