高三英语高考模拟风向标卷01（浙江特供卷)-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练

2025届高三英语高考模拟风向标卷01 （浙江特供卷) （时间：120分钟；满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．What will the speakers do first?A．Get some gas. B．Watch a play. C．Eat something.【答案】B【原文】W: Did you get some gas for the car?M: Oh, I forgot. We’d better get some on our way back. Shall we get something to eat now?W: I’m not hungry now. Hurry up! The play is about to start.2．Where does the conversation mostly take place?A．At the lab. B．At the library. C．At the classroom.【答案】C【原文】M: Where is Jack, Jane? He wasn’t coming to the lecture.W: I met him at the library just now. But he told me that he would be going to the lab with Fred. M: Ok, I will go and find him.3．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．A holiday. B．A dish. C．A tradition.【答案】B【原文】M: Have you tried any traditional Chinese New Year dishes?W: Yes, I love trying different dishes during the holiday. My favorite is definitely Jiaozi. M: Me too.4．Why does the son go on a theater trip?A．To learn how to put on a play. B．To raise money for his club. C．To volunteer for the theater.【答案】B【原文】M: Could you sign this form for school, please, Mom?W: Let’s see it. Oh, you’re going on a theater trip? M: Yes, everybody from Dram a Club is going. We will raise money for our club by putting on a play.5．What is the man's attitude towards the changes?A．Pleased. B．Confused. C．Worried.【答案】A【原文】W: Did you hear about the changes to the city center? There will be more bicycle tracks and less street parking next month.M: Good. There will be less pollution downtown. I’m sure there will be fewer accidents, too.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答6~7小题。6．Why does the man talk to Sarah?A．To ask for information. B．To extend an invitation. C．To make an appointment.7．When is the man scheduled to meet the HR department?A．This afternoon. B．Tomorrow morning. C．Next Monday afternoon.【答案】6．A 7．C【原文】M: Sarah, can you fill me in on what I missed last week while I was on vacation?W: We had a meeting where we discussed the new filing system. Since there were so many complaints about it, they decided to redesign the whole thing. M: Will we be having a workshop on it? W: Yes, it’s scheduled for next Monday afternoon. M: I have a meeting with the HR department at that time. I will see if I can postpone it.听第7段材料，回答8~10小题。8．Why does the man go to the woman?A．To borrow books. B．To ask for time extension. C．To submit his work.9．Whose book is the man reading now?A．Oliver’s. B．Billy’s. C．Andrew’s.10．What will the man probably do?A．Design a survey. B．Analyze research data. C．Interview specialists.【答案】8．B 9．C 10．C【原文】M: Professor, can I hand in my work late?W: Well, extension is given only for medical reasons. What’s your problem? M: I can’t finish reading the reference books.W: You do not need to read them all. Choose some helpful parts from the books. For example, you need to read Oliver, whose arguments will give you a lot of help.M: Fine. Should I read Billy’s book?W: His work is good, but you needn’t read it now. You can read Andrew’s.M: Yes. I am reading Andrew now.W: Good. His research method is excellent. How is your research work going? M: I couldn’t find the data I need. Would a survey work?W: I don’t think you will have enough time to design it and then analyze your research data. It’s better to interview some professionals.M: Thank you. I’ll follow your advice.听第8段材料，回答11~13小题。11．What does the woman think of the catalogue?A．It is useless. B．It is detailed. C．It is simple.12．What is the man satisfied with about the exhibition?A．Its use of natural light. B．Its supply of energy drinks. C．Its gift of free catalogues.13．What surprised the man a lot?A．The artworks were disappointing. B．Few visitors came to the exhibition. C．The weather was pleasant.【答案】11．A 12．A 13．B【原文】W: Hi Mark, how did you like the exhibition?M: It was all right, actually. I’ve got the catalogue here. Would you like to have a look? W: I don’t usually bother with them, personally. They’ve always felt like a waste of money. M: I know what you mean, but somebody lent me this one. It has some really nice pictures of the artworks and descriptions. W: What’s the gallery like? M: Really cool, using natural light to show off the paintings—saves energy too. The way the light falls on the canvases makes the colors seem even more lively. W: I expect it was crowded. M: Well, I’d expected there to be masses of people. In fact, I nearly had the place to myself. It was such a pleasant surprise. W: Well, it sounds like you had a great experience. M: Definitely. Maybe you should give it a try next time. W: Maybe.听第9段材料，回答14~17小题。14．What is the woman using ChatGPT to do?A．Organize outlines. B．Generate contents. C．Get unique opinions.15．What does ChatGPT prefer in the study?A．Science fiction. B．Romance novels. C．Historical books.16．How was ChatGPT tested in the study?A．By writing sci-fi stories. B．By participating in a quiz(测验). C．By acting as a student.17．Who likes Interstellar most?A．Jamie. B．Devin. C．Dr. Robert.【答案】14．A 15．A 16．B 17．B【原文】M: Hey, Jamie, I noticed you’re using ChatGPT, the AI computer program.W: Yeah, actually, I’ve been using ChatGPT to help me with my paper writing lately. I mean, you can’t really trust the information it presents or expect it to give us unique opinions, but it’s helpful for organizing outlines. M: Interesting. Did you know that ChatGPT is actually a fan of science fiction? W: What? Are you saying it has its own reading preferences, just like I enjoy romance novels and you’re into historical fiction? M: Sort of. There was a study conducted at the University of California recently. Dr. Robert, who led the study, said his team treated ChatGPT like a high school student and quizzed it on various books. They discovered that a large part of the top 100 books in ChatGPT’s database were science fiction stories. W: Unbelievable! Any specific examples? M: Well, the study mentioned one notable book called Interstellar. W: Oh, I see. That’s my brother, Devin’s favorite book. M: Okay. According to Dr. Robert, ChatGPT’s preferences have been shaped by the sources stored in it, which also influences what it offers.听第10段材料，回答18~20小题。18．Who might injure the old man?A．A stranger. B．His wife. C．His neighbor.19．What did the manager say about the English team?A．They did very well.B．They moved more than slow.C．Their attacking style was average.20．Why did the English team fight with the judges?A．They judged a wrong goal.B．They stopped the team from kicking.C．They gave a wrong card to its member.【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C【原文】M: Good morning, we will start today’s news. A crime happened yesterday. An 80-year-old man was rushed to the hospital last night by a stranger after he was found outside his house injured in the street. Police have asked his neighbors some questions about the crime and have arrested his 35-year-old wife. Now the man is in a stable condition. Further information on the fact needs to be examined. In sports news, about a football match. Although the Japanese team struggle to win one goal, the English team beat it and won again for the third straight match, winning at their home stadium 3-1. The manager said that he was particularly pleased with the attacking style of his team, which moved fast without any stop. But he was unhappy about his team being given a red card by mistake which led to the single goal for the other team. They had a quarrel with the judges.第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOpenLearn is a free learning platform, delivered by the Open University (OU) as part of its commitment to support the wellbeing of the community. Since its launch in 2006, OpenLearn has become an integrated part of the Open University, with the site attracting over 100 million visitors. Many of these visitors go on to make an enquiry about becoming a formal student.You can use OpenLearn to:* browse the subject categories to discover articles, watch videos and interact with online games created by our academic experts and guest contributors;* discover the most popular courses and articles with our top 10 lists;* take our free courses;* explore new topics to build your personal knowledge or look for reference material for an OU unit you are already studying.What are the advantages?● Flexible Learning: With OpenLearn, you have the freedom to work through the courses at your own pace.● Diverse Course Selection: OpenLearn offers a wide range of courses, with about 1,000 options to choose from.● Courses from the Open University: If you’ re interested in taking an Open University course but are not sure what to study, then OpenLearn lets you try out what’s on offer. It allows prospective students to get a feel for the subjects and teaching methodology before committing to a formal program of study.Note: On successful completion of our free courses, you will be able to get a free statement of participation. This document can be shared digitally or printed. Though the courses do not contribute formal credit towards a qualification or degree, the statement of participation can help show your interest in a subject and a commitment to your career.21．What can users do by visiting OpenLearn?A．Register as a formal OU student.B．Seek academic help for their study.C．Interact with personal learning tutors.D．Assist professors in improving teaching.22．What benefit does OpenLearn provide for students who are interested in OU courses?A．Experiencing the offered courses in advance.B．Gaining the guidance of learning methods.C．Obtaining more courses than other students.D．Entering a formal study program ahead of time.23．What can you get after completing an OpenLearn course?A．The priority to apply to OU. B．Certain credits to a degree.C．A professional certification. D．Proof of participation.【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了OpenLearn这一免费学习平台的基本情况、用户可在平台上进行的操作以及它所具备的优势，还有完成免费课程后可获得的相关证明等内容。21．推理判断题。根据文中“You can use OpenLearn to: ”部分“*browse the subject categories to discover articles, watch videos and interact with online games created by our academic experts and guest contributors; *discover the most popular courses and articles with our top 10 lists; *take our free courses; *explore new topics to build your personal knowledge or look for reference material for an OU unit you are already studying.” (你可以使用OpenLearn来：*浏览学科类别，发现文章，观看视频，并与我们学术专家和客座贡献者创建的在线游戏互动；*通过我们的前十名榜单发现最受欢迎的课程和文章；*参加我们的免费课程；*探索新主题以构建你的个人知识或为你正在学习的开放大学 (OU) 单元寻找参考资料)”可知，用户访问OpenLearn可以做很多事情，包括浏览学科分类、观看视频、参与在线游戏、发现最受欢迎的课程和文章、参加免费课程、探索新主题或寻找参考材料，这些能提供给用户学术上的帮助。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据“What are the advantages?”部分中“Courses from the Open University: If you’ re interested in taking an Open University course but are not sure what to study, then OpenLearn lets you try out what’s on offer. It allows prospective students to get a feel for the subjects and teaching methodology before committing to a formal program of study. (来自开放大学的课程：如果你有兴趣学习开放大学的课程但不确定学什么，那么OpenLearn可以让你试用所提供的课程。它允许潜在学生在投入正式学习计划之前对学科和教学方法有一个了解)” 可知，对于对OU课程感兴趣的学生来说，OpenLearn能让他们提前体验提供的课程。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Note: On successful completion of our free courses, you will be able to get a free statement of participation. This document can be shared digitally or printed. Though the courses do not contribute formal credit towards a qualification or degree, the statement of participation can help show your interest in a subject and a commitment to your career.(注意：成功完成我们的免费课程后，您将能够获得一份免费的参与证明。该文件可以数字共享或打印。虽然这些课程不能为资格或学位提供正式的学分，但参与证明可以帮助显示您对某一学科的兴趣和对职业的承诺)”可知，完成OpenLearn课程后可以获得参与证明。故选D。BWhen my brother died in an accident, I was only 4 years old. But I still felt the big change in my mom’s attitude toward safety. Overnight, I couldn’t walk home from school by myself, even though everyone I knew already did. I couldn’t go to summer camps, because what if something happened to me? As I grew up, the list got longer and longer.I know my mom was worried about me because after my brother died, I was her only child. As a result, I became a natural worrier. I worried about things like car accidents, earthquakes, losing my wallet — disasters big and small, real and imagined.The funny part is that you’d never know it by looking at my current life, because I have been constantly forcing myself to do things that frighten or worry me shortly after my mom’s death. Since then I have developed a rule for myself: If anything scares me, then I will force myself to do it at least once. As a result, I’ve done lots of things that my mom would have worried about: I’ve ridden a motorcycle and I’ve traveled — a lot. In fact. I am studying bird flu as a scientist.There’s something else I don’t usually talk about, but it’s a cornerstone in my belief: When I was 14, I made a decision that I would either live out the rest of my life trying to be “safe” or I could be brave enough to live out an exciting and, yes, sometimes dangerous life.Even though I inherited(继承) my mother’s cautious nature, I’ve also come to believe that the more often I do things that scare me, the more I realize that I can do a lot more than I originally thought I could do. Believing that has made my world a less scary place.24．What does the author think of her mother?A．Courageous. B．Overprotective. C．Hardworking. D．Cruel.25．How did the rules affect the author before her mother’s death?A．They led to much more freedom for her. B．They helped her to avoid a lot of accidents.C．They made her feel more and more worried. D．They encouraged her to be more adventurous.26．What did the author do to overcome her fear?A．She tried to do those seemingly scary things. B．She stayed away from the unnecessary risks.C．She forced herself to focus on her current job. D．She persuaded her mother to stop protecting her.27．What does the author most likely want to tell us?A．It’s funny for parents to worry about the kids. B．Fear can be a good thing to some degree.C．We should be careful in a dangerous world. D．We can achieve more if we can control our fear.【答案】24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者曾经因为母亲的过度担心，成了一个忧虑者。于是在母亲去世后，作者开始尝试强迫自己去尝试自己害怕的事，并且逐渐克服了恐惧。24．推理判断题。根据第一段“Overnight, I couldn’t walk home from school by myself, even though everyone I knew already did. I couldn’t go to summer camps, because what if something happened to me? As I grew up, the list got longer and longer.(夜间，我不能自己从学校走回家，尽管我认识的每个人都这样做了。我不能去夏令营，因为万一我出了事怎么办？随着我的成长，这个清单变得越来越长)”及下文作者的变化可推断，她认为她妈妈有点过度保护。故选B。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a result, I became a natural worrier. I worried about things like car accidents, earthquakes, losing my wallet — disasters big and small, real and imagined.(结果，我成了一个天生的忧虑者。我担心诸如车祸、地震、丢了钱包之类的事情——或大或小、真实或想象的灾难)”可知，那些规矩让她感到越来越焦虑。故选C。26．细节理解题。根据第三段“The funny part is that you’d never know it by looking at my current life, because I have been constantly forcing myself to do things that frighten or worry me shortly after my mom’s death.(有趣的是，看看我现在的生活，你永远不会知道这一点，因为在我妈妈去世后不久，我一直在强迫自己做一些让我害怕或担心的事情)”可知，作者克服恐惧的方法是强迫自己去尝试自己害怕的事。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even though I inherited(继承) my mother’s cautious nature, I’ve also come to believe that the more often I do things that scare me, the more I realize that I can do a lot more than I originally thought I could do. Believing that has made my world a less scary place.(尽管我继承了母亲谨慎的性格，但我也开始相信，我越经常做那些让我害怕的事情，我就越意识到我能做的比我原来认为的要多得多。相信这一点让我的世界变得不那么可怕)”可推断，作者认为如果能克服恐惧，我们就可以更多地释放自己的潜能。故选D。CCould our evaluation of art be changing in wake of artificial intelligence? A critic might say that AI programs could never grasp the human pursuit of art. Whether that is true or not, it does not mean they won’t lead to major shifts in the ways humans perceive art. To understand this, let’s consider a few ways in which we evaluate art.Economists often say that it is tough to assign an objective value to works of art. What makes someone pay millions of dollars for a Van Gogh and next to nothing for Van Gogh lookalike? What is art really worth? Experts often agree that art is often evaluated in terms of its authenticity (真实性) - whether it was produced by a specific person, in a certain place, in a special way, or at a momentous time. Similarly, research shows that we rate art produced by humans as more skillful and expensive than AI. It seems that the importance of source information may work as a standard for authenticity employed in the evaluation of art.Another form of authenticity is called “motivational authenticity”. We can break it into two parts: the absence of submission to external motivation and the presence of international motivation. Was the artist producing work because they desired money and fame or because they desired pure self- expression and creative freedom? The latter is often praised, the former criticized. This division may take on increasing importance as technology continues to develop. AI programs occupy a particularly tricky space when it comes to motivation. On the one hand, one may say AI programs lack the necessary internal emotional expressiveness, the internal drive to produce art. On the other hand, one could make a similarly strong argument that art produced by AI is never produced for money, fame, or respect, but for no other reason than production, which is often considered laudable in the human artist.The introduction of AI in the art world should allow us to look at artistic authenticity in a new light. Where will it lead us? Let’s wait and see.28．Which of the following can be the least valuable according to paragraph 2?A．A Van Gogh lookalike. B．A Van Gogh image by AI.C．An ink painting by Qi Baishi. D．A sculpture by an art student.29．What may we agree about motivational authenticity?A．It refers to submission to external motivation. B．It increases the importance of technology.C．It reflects the internal drive to produce art. D．It applies to humans rather than AI programs.30．What does the underlined word “laudable” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Praiseworthy. B．Necessary. C．Acceptable. D．Pointless.31．What is the text mainly about?A．AI’s influence on art evaluation. B．Standards for authenticity in art.C．Latest development of AI programs. D．The introduction of AI generated art.【答案】28．B 29．C 30．A 31．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍人工智能对艺术评价的影响。28．细节理解题。根据第二段“What makes someone pay millions of dollars for a Van Gogh and next to nothing for Van Gogh lookalike? What is art really worth? Experts often agree that art is often evaluated in terms of its authenticity (真实性) - whether it was produced by a specific person, in a certain place, in a special way, or at a momentous time. Similarly, research shows that we rate art produced by humans as more skillful and expensive than AI. (是什么让人们花数百万美元买梵高的作品，却几乎不买梵高的复制品？艺术的真正价值是什么？专家们通常同意，艺术的评价标准通常是它的真实性——它是由某个人、在某个地方、以一种特殊的方式还是在一个重要的时期创作的。同样，研究表明，我们认为人类创作的艺术比人工智能更有技巧，也更昂贵。)”可知专家们认为艺术的评价标准通常是它的真实性，由某个人、在某个地方、以一种特殊的方式还是在一个重要的时期创作的所以C，D都是有价值的，而且认为人类创作的艺术比人工智能更有技巧，也更昂贵，所以梵高的仿品也要比AI创作的更有价值，所以最没有价值的应该是AI创作的梵高的画，故选B。29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Another form of authenticity is called “motivational authenticity”. We can break it into two parts: the absence of submission to external motivation and the presence of international motivation. Was the artist producing work because they desired money and fame or because they desired pure self- expression and creative freedom? The latter is often praised, the former criticized. This division may take on increasing importance as technology continues to develop. AI programs occupy a particularly tricky space when it comes to motivation. (另一种形式的真实性被称为“动机真实性”。我们可以将其分为两部分：不服从外部动机和存在国际动机。艺术家创作作品是因为他们渴望金钱和名声，还是因为他们渴望纯粹的自我表达和创作自由？后者常常受到赞扬，前者常常受到批评。随着技术的不断发展，这种划分可能会变得越来越重要。当涉及到动机时，人工智能程序占据了一个特别棘手的空间。一方面，有人可能会说人工智能程序缺乏必要的内在情感表达能力，缺乏创作艺术的内在动力。)”可知人工智能程序缺乏创作艺术的内在动力，故推知动机真实性反映了艺术创作的内在动力。故选C。30．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Was the artist producing work because they desired money and fame or because they desired pure self- expression and creative freedom? The latter is often praised, the former criticized. (艺术家创作作品是因为他们渴望金钱和名声，还是因为他们渴望纯粹的自我表达和创作自由？后者常常受到赞扬，前者常常受到批评。)”和划线词上文“On the other hand, one could make a similarly strong argument that art produced by AI is never produced for money, fame, or respect, but for no other reason than production (另一方面，有人可能会提出类似的强烈论点，即人工智能创作的艺术从来不是为了金钱、名誉或尊重，而是为了创作)”可知为了创作这点应该会得到赞扬，所以laudable意为“值得赞扬的”和A选项“Praiseworthy”同义，故选A。31．主旨大意题。通读全文。尤其第一段“Could our evaluation of art be changing in wake of artificial intelligence? A critic might say that AI programs could never grasp the human pursuit of art. Whether that is true or not, it does not mean they won’t lead to major shifts in the ways humans perceive art. To understand this, let’s consider a few ways in which we evaluate art. (随着人工智能的出现，我们对艺术的评价会发生变化吗？批评者可能会说，人工智能程序永远无法理解人类对艺术的追求。无论这是真的还是假的，这并不意味着它们不会导致人类感知艺术的方式发生重大转变。为了理解这一点，让我们考虑一下我们评估艺术的几种方式。)”可知文章主要介绍了人工智能对艺术评价的影响。故选A。DMany of us love sweet, carbonated drinks — even though we know they’re not good for our teeth or our bodies. But a large new study has found that they could be bad for our minds, too. Researchers from South Korea have found that drinking more sugar-filled, carbonated drinks is linked to an increased risk of depression.The team looked at data from more than 87, 000 people in South Korea, with an average age of about 40. Participants were asked about their consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks over a week. They were then put into groups based on their consumption, from people who almost never drank them — less than one 200ml serving per week—to those who drank five or more servings per week. The researchers compared this with people’s scores on a questionnaire designed to check for symptoms (症状) of depression.The study found that depressive symptoms increased proportionally (成比例地) with consumption of sweet, carbonated drinks. “Even the group that consumed sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks at least once a week had a higher look through of depressive symptoms than the group that did not drink at all.” said Ju Young Jung, one of the authors.The results were not affected when taking obesity (肥胖) into account, the researchers said. They said they were a little surprised to see such clear results — South Koreans don’t usually have sugary drinks as often as people in places like Europe and the US. However, they said South Koreans and others in Asia are increasingly replacing water with sugary drinks — and the study found that about one third of participants consumed these drinks more than once a week.Jung said the team wasn’t sure exactly why sugary drinks are linked to depression, although their results are similar to those from some recent, smaller studies. The study did not consider zero-calorie drinks, but Jung said more research would be needed to look at the effect of zero-calorie drinks.32．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A．The limits of the study. B．The finding of the study..C．The purpose of the study. D．The process of the study.33．What made the researchers surprised?A．The participants are so crazy about sugary drinks.B．Sugary drinks are getting popular in South Korea.C．Sugary carbonated drinks can increase the risk of depression.D．People in South Korea have no interest in sugary drinks.34．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A．Why sugary drinks cause depression is clear. B．The team had carried out similar studies before.C．All kinds of drinks were included in the study. D．More studies about drinks will be carried out.35．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A．To offer advice on health. B．To introduce a science study.C．To reveal a science phenomenon. D．To advertise a new product.【答案】32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了韩国研究人员发现，含糖的碳酸饮料会增加人们患抑郁症的风险。32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The team looked at data from more than 87, 000 people in South Korea, with an average age of about 40. Participants were asked about their consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks over a week. They were then put into groups based on their consumption, from people who almost never drank them—less than one 200ml serving per week—to those who drank five or more servings per week. The researchers compared this with people’s scores on a questionnaire designed to check for symptoms (症状) of depression.( 研究小组研究了8.7万多名平均年龄在40岁左右的韩国人的数据。参与者被问及他们在一周内摄入的含糖碳酸饮料。然后，研究人员根据他们的饮酒量将他们分成几组，从几乎从不喝咖啡的人（每周喝不到200毫升）到每周喝五杯或更多的人。研究人员将其与人们在一份旨在检查抑郁症症状的问卷上的得分进行了比较。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程，包括数据的收集、分组以及对比等。故选D。33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study found that depressive symptoms increased proportionally (成比例地) with consumption of sweet, carbonated drinks. (研究发现，抑郁症状与饮用甜碳酸饮料成比例地增加。)”可知，研究人员惊讶的是饮用了含糖碳酸饮料会增加患抑郁症风险。故选C。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The study did not consider zero-calorie drinks, but Jung said more research would be needed to look at the effect of zero-calorie drinks(这项研究没有考虑无糖饮料，但郑说需要更多的研究来观察无糖饮料的影响)”可知，未来将会进行更多关于饮料的研究，包括无糖饮料的影响。D选项“More studies about drinks will be carried out.(更多关于饮料的研究将会展开。)”符合题意。故选D。35．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But a large new study has found that they could be bad for our minds, too. Researchers from South Korea have found that drinking more sugar-filled, carbonated drinks is linked to an increased risk of depression.(但一项新的大型研究发现，它们也可能对我们的大脑有害。韩国研究人员发现，多喝含糖碳酸饮料会增加患抑郁症的风险)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于含糖碳酸饮料与抑郁症之间联系的科学研究，因此文章的目的是介绍一项科学研究。故选B。第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In life, you get used to falling, making mistakes, being on the receiving end of blows and disappointments, and making the wrong decisions. Furthermore, you get used to having to deal with depression, anger, sadness, and despair. Negative emotions and pain are necessary. After all, you wouldn’t be strong if you didn’t have to defend yourself in order to survive and keep going. 36 In fact, when something beautiful comes into your life, you feel rather at a loss and even depersonalized. 37 You observe your own life from the outside, without participating in your own happiness. You fear that it’s not for real, or that you’ve created expectations that aren’t going to be met. So, you fall into the trap of not taking risks. You believe that good things only come after a great deal of effort and that nothing in life is free. You’ve become distrustful of happiness. 38 You think it involves so much more effort to be happy. So, you go out into the street wearing a suit of armor (盔甲) of pessimism to safeguard yourself from anything unexpected. 39 Because when you’re happy, you can touch your life with your own hands, but this makes you feel too fragile.Nevertheless, you caress (抚摸) the dreams that used to shine on your horizon, keep those unforgettable magical moments in your pocket, and seat yourself in mental clouds that comfort your well-being. You don’t want to go back to the glorious unknown. What unsettles you the most is the fear that it’d be the last time. 40 There’s always light outside and it always shines through. That’s the beauty of life.A．Surprisingly, this has its own logic.B．However, what about positive emotions?C．It’s as if it weren’t really happening to you.D．So how can we deal with these negative feelings?E．As a result, you separate yourself from the outside world.F．However, there’s one thing for certain — the sun rises again every morning.G．It’s contradictory that you’re more used to falling than to maintaining your balance.【答案】36．B 37．C 38．G 39．A 40．F【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文中主要谈到了积极的情绪对我们的影响。36．根据前文“Furthermore, you get used to having to deal with depression, anger, sadness, and despair. Negative emotions and pain are necessary. After all, you wouldn’t be strong if you didn’t have to defend yourself in order to survive and keep going. (此外，你习惯于处理抑郁、愤怒、悲伤和绝望。负面情绪和痛苦是必要的。毕竟，如果你不为了生存而保护自己，你就不会强大。)”可知，此处介绍了我们生活中的负面情绪，并且习惯了处理抑郁、愤怒、悲伤和绝望等负面情绪和痛苦。这些描述都是关于负面情绪的。B选项“However, what about positive emotions?( 然而，积极情绪呢？)”提出了一个转折，将话题从负面情绪转向积极情绪，符合上下文逻辑，文章开始谈论积极的情绪对我们的影响，该选项符合语境。故选B。37．根据上文“In fact, when something beautiful comes into your life, you feel rather at a loss and even depersonalized. (事实上，当美好的事物进入你的生活时，你会感到不知所措，甚至失去个性。)”可知，此处提到当美好的事物进入你的生活时，你会感到不知所措，甚至感到非人格化。C选项“It’s as if it weren’t really happening to you.(就好像这并没有真的发生在你身上一样。)”进一步解释了这种非人格化的感觉，即美好的事物发生时，你感觉自己像是在旁观，而不是亲身经历，符合语境。故选C。38．根据下文“You think it involves so much more effort to be happy. So, you go out into the street wearing a suit of armor(盔甲) of pessimism to safeguard yourself from anything unexpected.(你认为快乐需要付出更多的努力。所以，你穿着一套悲观的盔甲走到街上，保护自己免受任何意外的伤害。)”可知，此处强调穿着一套悲观的盔甲走到街上，保护自己免受任何意外的伤害。G选项“It’s contradictory that you’re more used to falling than to maintaining your balance.(你更习惯于跌倒而不是保持平衡，这是矛盾的。)”提出了一个矛盾点，即人们更习惯于面对失败而不是保持平衡或成功。由此你付出更多的努力保持快乐，由此造成你穿着一套悲观的盔甲走到街上，保护自己免受任何意外的伤害的结果，G选项符合语境。故选G。39．根据上文“ So, you go out into the street wearing a suit of armor(盔甲) of pessimism to safeguard yourself from anything unexpected. (所以，你穿着一套悲观的盔甲走到街上，保护自己免受任何意外的伤害。)”可知，此处提到你穿着悲观的盔甲走在街上，以防备任何意外。A选项“Surprisingly, this has its own logic.(令人惊讶的是，这有它自己的逻辑。)”中的this指代上文提到的穿盔甲防备意外的行为，而has its own logic则表明这种行为虽然看似不合理，但实际上有其内在的逻辑或原因。同时根据下文“ Because when you’re happy, you can touch your life with your own hands, but this makes you feel too fragile.( 因为当你快乐的时候，你可以用自己的手触摸你的生活，但这让你觉得太脆弱了。)”可知，此处进一步解释了这种逻辑，即当你快乐时，你会用自己的双手去感受生活，但这会让你感到太脆弱。故选A。40．根据前文“You don’t want to go back to the glorious unknown. What unsettles you the most is the fear that it’d be the last time. (你不想回到辉煌的未知世界。最让你不安的是害怕这是最后一次。)”可知，此处提到你抚摸那些曾经闪耀在你地平线上的梦想，把那些难忘的神奇时刻放在口袋里，坐在安慰你幸福的精神云端上。你不想回到那个光荣的未知世界。最让你不安的是，这可能是最后一次。F选项“However, there’s one thing for certain—the sun rises again every morning.( 然而，有一件事是肯定的——太阳每天早上都会升起。)”中的However表示转折，与上文的担忧形成对比，同时the sun rises again every morning则传达了一种希望和乐观的态度，即无论遇到什么困难，总会有新的希望和机会。这与下文的“There’s always light outside and it always shines through. That’s the beauty of life.(外面总是有光，总是照进来。这就是生活的美丽。)”相呼应。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I never planned on learning Chinese. Even when I found out I was going to Shanghai, I assumed that I would be able to 41 with English. It didn’t take long for me to realize how naive (天真的) I was. Chinese characters are totally foreign and 42 . I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything, and I decided to 43 for the Chinese class offered by my university. I had Chinese every weekday, after which I spent at least an hour 44 the lesson. In the evening my friends and I quizzed each other on the 45 we had to memorize. More importantly, I made a conscious 46 to speak in Chinese in stores and restaurants. I was 47 when I was able to maintain a simple conversation with the locals. When I 48 achieved A’s on my Chinese exams, I thought it was time to take a break from studying for Chinese every day and focus on my other classes. Unfortunately, this turned out to be a(n) 49 . Not only were my study habits 50 , the lessons themselves were getting harder. I had to start over 51 coming up with (and maintaining) new study habits. With finals coming up, I have established my golden rule: there isn’t a(n) 52 way to learn a new language. Once you commit and accept that you are a 53 , it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, failure, reassessment, and trying again. Am I fluent now? Not even 54 . And I may never be. But I learned how to be honest with myself and push through 55 .41．A．get by B．carry on C．fit in D．keep up42．A．inflexible B．incomprehensible C．unmemorable D．unacceptable43．A．register B．provide C．account D．prepare44．A．evaluating B．adapting C．reviewing D．presenting45．A．structures B．articles C．characters D．rules46．A．effort B．statement C．appointment D．commitment47．A．relaxed B．delighted C．shocked D．relieved48．A．exceptionally B．obviously C．randomly D．regularly49．A．challenge B．mistake C．accident D．escape50．A．changing B．emerging C．suffering D．developing51．A．in support of B．in place of C．in spite of D．in terms of52．A．innovative B．useful C．alternative D．perfect53．A．follower B．beginner C．supporter D．winner54．A．close B．ready C．sure D．right55．A．shortcomings B．hesitations C．setbacks D．disasters【答案】41．A 42．B 43．A 44．C 45．C 46．A 47．B 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习汉语的经历和体会。41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使当我知道我要去上海的时候，我也认为我能用英语应付过去。A. get by勉强对付过去；B. carry on继续；C. fit in适应，融入；D. keep up跟上。根据第一句“I never planned on learning Chinese.”可知，作者一直没计划学汉语，肯定是因为他认为他用英语能应付过去。故选A项。42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汉字是完全陌生的，难以理解。A. inflexible僵化的；死板的；B. incomprehensible难以理解；C. unmemorable容易遗忘（或忘怀）的；D. unacceptable不可接受。根据下文的“I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything”可知，汉语肯定是难以理解，所以作者什么都听不懂。故选B项。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快就厌倦了什么都听不懂，于是我决定报读大学开设的中文课。A. register注册；登记；B. provide提供；C. account解释；D. prepare准备。根据下文的“the Chinese class”可知，作者决定报名学中文课，register for“报名参加”是固定搭配。故选A项。44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每个工作日都上中文课，之后我至少花一个小时复习功课。A. evaluating评估；B. adapting适应；C. reviewing复习；D. presenting呈现。根据上文的“I had Chinese every weekday”和空格后的“the lesson”可知，作者上完中文课后肯定是要复习。故选C项。45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚上，我和我的朋友们互相测试我们必须记住的字符。A. structures结构；B. articles文章；C. characters字符；D. rules规则。根据上文提到的中文课和空格后的“we had to memorize”可知，此处指作者必须记住的汉字。故选C项。46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我有意识地在商店和餐馆里说中文。A. effort努力；B. statement声明；C. appointment预约；D. commitment承诺。根据上文内容可知，作者在学习汉语，为了学习作者肯定努力地、有意识地在商店和餐馆里说汉语。故选A项。47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我能够与当地人进行简单的对话时，我很高兴。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relieved放心的，宽慰的。根据下文的“when I was able to maintain a simple conversation with the locals”可知，作者能够用中文与当地人进行简单的对话了，作者肯定感到高兴。故选B项。48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我的中文考试成绩经常是A时，我想是时候从每天的中文学习中休息一下，专注于我的其他课程了。A. exceptionally例外地；B. obviously显然地；C. randomly随机地；D. regularly经常地。根据下文的“I thought it was time to take a break from studying for Chinese every day and focus on my other classes”可知，因为作者的中文考试成绩经常得A，所以作者才会有将精力转向其它课程的想法。故选D项。49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这被证明是一个错误。A. challenge挑战；B. mistake错误；C. accident事故；D. escape逃跑。根据下文的“Not only were my study habits 　10　　, the lessons themselves were getting harder.”可知，中文课程更难了，作者把精力转向其它课程的想法是错误的。故选B项。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅我的学习习惯受到了影响，课程本身也变得越来越难。A. changing更改；B. emerging出现；C. suffering变差；变糟；D. developing发展。根据下文的“I had to start over 　11　　coming up with (and maintaining) new study habits.”可知，作者原来的学习习惯肯定是变差了，所以才想着养成新的学习习惯。故选C项。51．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我必须重新开始，养成（并保持）新的学习习惯。A. in support of支持；B. in place of代替；C. in spite of尽管；D. in terms of就……而言。根据下文的“coming up with (and maintaining) new study habits”可知，此处说的是学习习惯方面的事。故选D项。52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着期末考试的临近，我确立了自己的黄金法则：学习一门新语言没有完美的方法。A. innovative创新的；B. useful有用的；C. alternative可替代的；D. perfect完美的。根据常识和下文的“it becomes an ongoing process of exploration, failure, reassessment, and trying again”可知，学习一门新语言没有完美的方法，都会经历不断探索、失败、重新评估和再次尝试的过程。故选D项。53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦你承诺并接受你是一个初学者，它就变成了一个不断探索、失败、重新评估和再次尝试的过程。A. follower追随者；B. beginner初学者；C. supporter支持者；D. winner获胜者。根据第一段的“I quickly got sick of not being able to understand anything, and I decided to 　3　　for the Chinese class offered by my university.”可知，作者刚开始学习汉语，是初学者。故选B项。54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我现在流利了吗？差远了。A. close接近的；B. ready准备好的；C. sure确信的；D. right正确的。根据上文的问题“Am I fluent now?”可知，此处是对问题的回答，not even close“差得远”是固定搭配，离流利还差得很远。故选A项。55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我学会了如何对自己诚实，如何克服挫折。A. shortcomings缺点；B. hesitations犹豫；C. setbacks挫折；D. disasters灾难。根据空格前的push through可知，此处指克服学习中的困难、挫折。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第二节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。UNESCO on Wednesday inscribed Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in 56 (celebrate) of the traditional new year, on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.The decision 57 (make) during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The committee recognized the festival for 58 (it) wide array of rituals (庆典) and unique cultural elements 59 engage all of Chinese society. UNESCO highlighted that the Spring Festival, 60 (mark) the start of the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year, 61 (involve) various social practices, including prayers for good fortune and family 62 (reunion). It also features activities 63 (plan) by elders and festive public events organized by communities.The committee emphasized that the festival represents the 64 (harmony) relationship between humans and nature and contributes 65 sustainable development in areas such as food security and education. It also plays a key role in raising environmental awareness.With this addition, China now has 44 cultural elements or practices recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.【答案】56．celebration 57．was made 58．its 59．that/which 60．marking 61．involves 62．reunions 63．planned 64．harmonious 65．to【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了联合国教科文组织将中国春节列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录的决定。56．考查名词。句意：联合国教科文组织周三将春节——中国人民庆祝传统新年的社会实践——列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。介词in后接名词作宾语，celebrate的名词为celebration，意为“庆祝活动”，构成固定短语in celebration of，意为“为了庆祝……”。故填celebration。57．考查动词时态和语态。句意：这一决定是在政府间保护非物质文化遗产委员会第十九届会议上作出的。空处缺少谓语，且主语The decision与make为被动关系，需用被动语态，根据时间状语during the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为单数，系动词用was。故填was made。58．考查代词。句意：委员会因其丰富多彩的仪式和独特的文化元素而认可了这个节日，这些元素吸引了整个中国社会。空处修饰名词array，需用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。59．考查定语从句。句意：委员会因其丰富多彩的仪式和独特的文化元素而认可了这个节日，这些元素吸引了整个中国社会。空处引导定语从句，先行词为rituals and unique cultural elements，指物，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。60．考查非谓语动词。句意联合国教科文组织强调，春节标志着中国传统农历新年的开始，涉及各种社会习俗，包括祈求好运和家庭团聚。分析句子结构，句中已有involve作谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，mark与逻辑主语Spring Festival之间为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填marking。61．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：联合国教科文组织强调，春节标志着中国传统农历新年的开始，涉及各种社会习俗，包括祈求好运和家庭团聚。分析句子结构，that从句中缺少谓语，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Spring Festival，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填involves。62．考查名词。句意：联合国教科文组织强调，春节标志着中国传统农历新年的开始，涉及各种社会习俗，包括祈求好运和家庭团聚。family reunion意为“家庭团聚”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用名词复数形式。故填reunions。63．考查非谓语动词。句意：它还包括老年人计划的活动和社区组织的节日公共活动。分析句子结构可知，此处已有谓语动词features，空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，activities与plan之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填planned。64．考查形容词。句意：委员会强调，该节日代表了人与自然之间的和谐关系，并为粮食安全和教育等领域的可持续发展做出了贡献。空处修饰名词relationship，需用形容词作定语。故填harmonious。65．考查介词。句意：委员会强调，该节日代表了人与自然之间的和谐关系，并为粮食安全和教育等领域的可持续发展做出了贡献。contribute to为固定短语，意为“为……做出贡献”。故填to。第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(满分15分)66．假定你是某国际学校学生李华，参与了上周学校环保社举办的“生活中的小智慧”创意制作展。请你给朋友Lina写一封邮件，分享此次活动。要点如下：1. 简介活动内容；2. 分享你的创意作品；3. 你的感想。注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Lina, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Lina,I’m excited to share with you the “Wisdom in Daily Life” creative exhibition held by our school’s environmental club last week. Students showcased innovative ideas for a greener lifestyle.I made a solar-powered desk lamp using recycled materials. It’s not only eco-friendly but also energy-efficient. I’m proud of my creation! Many of my classmates also presented amazing projects, and it was great to see everyone’s creativity.The event inspired me to think creatively about sustainability. It was a fantastic learning experience. Hope you can join us next time!Yours,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友Lina写一封邮件，分享自己参与上周学校环保社举办的“生活中的小智慧”创意制作展的经历。【详解】1.词汇积累展览：exhibition → show/display展示：showcase → demonstrate了不起的：amazing → marvelous/extraordinary极好的：fantastic → wonderful2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I made a solar-powered desk lamp using recycled materials.拓展句：I made a desk lamp, which is powered by solar energy and made from recycled materials.【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m excited to share with you the “Wisdom in Daily Life” creative exhibition held by our school’s environmental club last week. (运用了过去分词作后置定语)[高分句型2] I made a solar-powered desk lamp using recycled materials.(运用了现在分词短语作伴随状语)[高分句型3] It’s not only eco-friendly but also energy-efficient. (运用了not only...but also...并列结构)第二节(满分25分)67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“I feel hopeless about my school life! I’m not a popular student in our class. I can’t play basketball as well as other boys. And I failed Math exam again yesterday, which made me…”, Tom, a 16-year-old boy of Mr. Brown’s class, lowered his head, sobbing (啜泣) uncontrollably in the Teacher’s Office. “I’m sorry to hear that”, Mr. Brown patted Tom’s shoulder gently and asked the young boy to sit down in front of the desk so that they could sit opposite each other. This was the first time that Tom had turned to Mr. Brown for help because he was so shy and quiet in school. But Mr. Brown had noticed him many times in school’s volunteer work. Looking at the sad young boy, Mr. Brown was silent for a moment. Then, he took a piece of paper and a pen out of his drawer. “I’d like to invite you to take a surprise test, my boy”, said Mr. Brown, passing the pen to Tom. “A new Math exam?”, Tom raised his eyes which were still filled with tears, got the pen and replied in confusion, worrying about the coming challenge. “Just take it easy because it’s not about numbers or formulas (方程) ”, Mr. Brown comforted him with a big smile. Not knowing what would come in the exam paper, Tom nodded his head and wiped his tears with his sleeves. Mr. Brown handed Tom the question paper and encouraged him softly, “Now, you can begin and please finish the test within ten minutes.” To Tom’s surprise, there were no questions in the paper, but just a black dot in the center of the page. Mr. Brown thoroughly read through Tom’s puzzled expressions and said, “I want you to write what you see there.” Confused as he was, Tom began to do what he had been asked to do. Meanwhile, Mr. Brown picked up a novel and started reading it, waiting patiently. Paragraph one: Tom scratched (挠) his head anxiously, having no idea what to write. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph two: “What your writing focused on was just the black dot, but you have a whole white paper,” said Mr. Brown. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文Tom scratched his head anxiously, having no idea what to write. He stared at the black dot in the center of the page, trying to decipher Mr. Brown’s intentions. He thought about writing “a black dot,” but that seemed too obvious and uninspired. His mind raced, searching for deeper meaning or hidden messages. Should he write about how the dot represented his feelings of inadequacy and failure? Or perhaps how it stood out despite the surrounding emptiness? Tom’s fingers hovered over the paper, hesitant to make the first mark.“What your writing focused on was just the black dot, but you have a whole white paper,” said Mr. Brown. Tom looked up, puzzled. “Life is like this piece of paper, my boy. The black dot represents your problems and worries — they may seem big and overwhelming at times. But look at all the space around it — that’s your potential, your opportunities, and the good things in life that you often overlook. There’s a world of possibilities waiting for you beyond that tiny dot.” Tom’s eyes widened as he absorbed Mr. Brown’s words. Perhaps his school life wasn’t as hopeless as he had thought.【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了16岁的男孩汤姆对老师说自己对学校生活感到绝望，于是布朗先生让他参加一个测试，纸上只有一个黑点，让汤姆把看到的写下来。布朗先生通过这种方式告诉汤姆，生活中的困难只是一个小黑点，要看到此外的美好。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“汤姆焦急地搔着头，不知道该写些什么”可知，第一段可描写汤姆内心的想法和犹豫。②由第二段首句内容“‘你写作的重点只是一个黑点，但你有一整张白纸，’布朗先生说”可知，第二段可描写布朗先生解释背后的道理。2.续写线索：汤姆参加测试——汤姆寻找考试意义——汤姆犹豫——布朗先生解释道理——汤姆感悟3.词汇激活行为类①看着：stare at/look at②寻找：search for/look for③理解：decipher/understand情绪类①难以承受：overwhelming/unbearable②绝望：hopeless/desperate【点睛】[高分句型1] His mind raced, searching for deeper meaning or hidden messages. (运用了现在分词作状语)[高分句型2] Perhaps his school life wasn’t as hopeless as he had thought. (运用了as引导方式状语从句)