专题16 语法填空：说明文 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）

专题16 语法填空：说明文目录 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 题型综述 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 解题攻略 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898653" 题型一 无提示纯空格题 3考点01  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898654" 冠词、介词、代词  PAGEREF _Toc148898654 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898655" 考点02 连词及从句引导词及其它  PAGEREF _Toc148898655 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656" 题型二 有提示词题 7考点01 谓语动词的时态语态 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656"  7考点02 非谓语动词形式 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656"  8考点03 形容词副词 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656"   PAGEREF _Toc148898656 \h 9考点04 词形词性转化 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656"  10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898657" 高考练场 15题型简介高考英语语法填空题通常以一篇200词左右的说明文为载体，要求考生在理解文章的基础上，在10个空白处填入适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。这种题型旨在考查考生在语篇理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况。文章涉及的主题广泛，包括自然科学（如动植物的习性、生态系统等）、社会科学（如文化习俗、历史事件等）、技术应用（如电子产品的使用说明、新型科技的介绍等）等诸多领域。例如，一篇关于人工智能在医疗领域应用的说明文，会详细介绍人工智能如何辅助诊断疾病、处理医疗数据等知识。说明文因其结构清晰、逻辑性强，是语法填空题中常见的语篇类型。命题类型有提示词的填空：名词：考查名词的单复数形式，以及词性转换。动词：主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致以及非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）。形容词/副词：涉及形容词与副词的转换、比较级和最高级的使用。代词：考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等的使用。无提示词的填空：冠词：考查a/an和the的使用，通常在固定搭配中出现。介词：考查常用介词的基本用法及习惯搭配。连词：考查and, but, so, for等连词的使用。名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句的引导词：考查从属连词的使用。解题思路通读全文，理解大意：在开始填空之前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的主旨和结构，把握文章的大意。分析句子结构：确定所填词在句中所作的成分或所属的词类，再根据上下文语境、时态、语态和句子之间的逻辑关系进一步确定所填词的正确形式。先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。重读全文，核查答案：填完所有空格后，通读全文，确保所填答案使文章意思通顺、语法正确。 题型01 无提示纯空格题考点一：冠词、介词、代词 定冠词一般表特指或复指；不定冠词一般表泛指。介词的基本用法及惯用搭配。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如：at, in, for, from, with, on, to, up等；合成介词，如：within, inside, onto, throughout等；当然还有短语介词、双重介词等。代词的基本用法。语法填空题中，有关代词的考点常常是：形容词性物主代词(包括its)、反身代词，代词宾格。冠词：不定冠词一般表泛指。空后的词，如果是辅音音素开头，则用a；如果是元音音素开头，则用an。定冠词有两个用法：表复指；表特指。介词：考查基本用法及惯用搭配。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如：at, in, for, from, with, on, to, up等；合成介词，如：within, inside, onto, throughout等；当然还有短语介词、双重介词等。代词：因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。（24-25高三上·江苏镇江·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) added Spring Festival to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals 1 (practise) in China and around the world. The listing of the Spring Festival as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity is 2 acknowledgment of not only its Chinese roots but also the ideas it carries that connect all humanity. The Spring Festival bears Chinese civilization’s 3 (pursue) of peace and harmony, promotes best wishes 4 presents the common values of humanity. Spring Festival puts family at its core. Millions of people across the country embark on the journey home each Spring Festival, 5 (make) the phenomenon the greatest human migration on Earth. Spring Festival food traditions contribute a great deal to the culture of Chinese cuisine. From dumplings to sticky rice cakes, from fried meatballs to braised fish, and 6 (geographic) from the north to the south, all dishes carry the best blessings for people’s 7 (love) ones during the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival includes a comprehensive range of intangible cultural heritages at various levels. It is a festival filled 8 folk tales and the traditions based on them. China now 9 (boast) nearly 870,000 intangible cultural heritage items, among 10 44 have been added to the UNESCO ICH List, showcasing the country’s commitment to preserving the cultural diversity that exists within its borders.【答案】1．practised 2．an 3．pursuit 4．and 5．making 6．geographically 7．loved 8．with 9．boasts 10．which【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国春节被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录的相关信息。1．考查非谓语动词。句意：春节是中国及世界各地最为重要的节日之一。空处需填非谓语动词，festivals和practise之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词practised作后置定语。故填practised。2．考查冠词。句意：春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录，不仅是对其中国渊源的认可，也是对其所承载的连接全人类的理念的认可。acknowledgment是可数名词单数形式，且在此处表示泛指“一种认可”，且其发音以元音音素开头，所以使用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。3．考查名词。句意：春节承载着中华文明对和平与和谐的追求，传递着美好祝愿，体现了人类的共同价值观。句子中“Chinese civilization’s”是名词所有格，后面需要接名词pursuit作宾语，表抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填pursuit。4．考查连词。句意同上。句子中“promotes best wishes”和“presents the common values of humanity”是两个并列的谓语动词短语，表示春节的两个作用，所以使用并列连词and连接。故填and。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：每年春节，全国各地数以百万计的人们踏上归家之旅，这一现象被誉为地球上最大规模的人口流动。“Millions of people across the country embark on the journey home each Spring Festival”是主句，后面部分作结果状语，主句和make之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词making作结果状语。故填marking。6．考查副词。句意：从饺子到年糕，从炸肉丸到红烧鱼，从北到南，春节期间的所有菜肴都承载着人们对亲人最美好的祝福。空处需用副词geographically来修饰介词短语。故填geographically。7．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。ones代指people，和love之间是被动关系，即“被爱的人”。根据句意和所给单词“love”（爱），可知应使用其过去分词形式loved作定语修饰ones。故填loved。8．考查介词。句意：这是一个充满民间故事及其所衍生传统的节日。be filled with为固定短语，意为“充满”。故填with。9．考查动词时态。句意：中国目前拥有近87万项非物质文化遗产，其中44项已被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，这展示了中国对保护其境内文化多样性的承诺。句子描述的是现在的情况，所以使用一般现在时。主语China是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式boasts。故填boasts。10．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词870,000 intangible cultural heritage items，指物，在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。考点二：连词及从句引导词 考查并列连词和各类复合句中从属连、引导词的用法。常见的并列连词有：and; or; but; while; however, so, for, otherwise, both ... and ...; not only ... but also ...; neither ... nor....; either ... or ...。从目前高考题来看，and; or; but考查的频率较高，当然其它词也有涉及。常见的连接词有：定语从句的引导词：关系代词：that / which / who / whom / whose / as关系副词：when; where; why等。名词性从句：that; if; whether; what; when; where; why等。状语从句：if; when; where; why; until; unless; before; after等。(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词。(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。（2024·安徽合肥·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tight as a thread, seamless (无缝的) as a seal, and coupled like yin and yang, sunmao structures have for centuries been providing strong and lasting supports for Chinese wooden architecture.Usually, large components of wooden architecture 1 (piece) together using these structures. The sun and the mao, when 2 (join) together, both support and contain the neighbouring parts. This enhances 3 (stable) and adds flexibility to the architecture. Workmen can make the components 4 advance and assemble them on site; it is a process that represents the very spirit, 5 the simplicity and efficiency of manufacturing techniques are evident, but the beauty and elegance in skillfulness are also revealed.The Hemudu site in Yuyao dates back around 7,000 years. Hundreds of wooden components with sunmao structures have been unearthed from the 6 (remain) of houses there, the earliest 7 (know) application of sunmao structures in China. Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, carpenters have produced many sunmao structures and a whole set of 8 (system) methods has been invented.For the workmen who have preserved this heritage, 9 for the generations of people who have lived in the spaces defined by it, sunmao structures have always been an important part of Chinese architecture. Their styles may differ, but they all share the same root. Chinese 10 (people) love of nature and pursuit of harmonious coexistence are also embedded (根深蒂固的) within.【答案】1．are pieced 2．joined 3．stability 4．in 5．where 6．remains 7．known 8．systematic 9．and 10．people’s【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统木结构——榫卯结构的特点、悠久历史和蕴藏的文化价值。1．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，木制建筑的大部件是用这些结构拼凑在一起的。空格处是谓语，components和piece之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子用被动语态，由Usually可知，句子时态是一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语components是复数，因此空格处是are pieced。故填are pieced。2．考查时态，语态，主谓一致和省略。句意：当榫和卯连接在一起时，两者都支持并包含相邻的部分。when引导的时间状语从句表示“当榫和卯被连接在一起时”，句子描述客观事实，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，The sun and the mao是两个东西，因此谓语动词用复数，when引导的从句写作“when the sun and the mao are joined together”，状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是joined。故填joined。3．考查名词。句意：这增强了稳定性，并为体系结构增加了灵活性。空格处用名词作宾语，stable的名词是stability，是不可数名词，意为“稳定性”。故填stability。4．考查介词。句意：工人可以提前制造零部件，并在现场进行组装；这是一个过程，它体现了真正的精神，即制造技术既简洁高效，又展现出精湛技艺中的美丽与优雅，两者都显而易见。但也揭示了技术的美丽和优雅。in advance是固定短语，意为“提前”，因此空格处是介词in，故填in。5．考查定语从句。句意：工人可以提前制造零部件，并在现场进行组装；这是一个过程，它体现了真正的精神，即制造技术既简洁高效，又展现出精湛技艺中的美丽与优雅，两者都显而易见。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，因此空格处用where，故填where。6．考查名词的复数。句意：从那里的房屋遗迹中出土了数百件带有榫卯结构的木制构件，这是中国已知最早的榫卯结构应用。根据语境可知，句子表示“从那里的房屋遗迹中出土了数百件带有榫卯结构的木制构件”，空格处意为“遗迹”，用remains，故填remains。7．考查形容词。句意：从那里的房屋遗迹中出土了数百件带有榫卯结构的木制构件，这是中国已知最早的榫卯结构应用。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词application，know的形容词是known，意为“已知的”。故填known。8．考查形容词。句意：自商周以来，木匠们制作了许多榫卯结构，并发明了一整套系统的方法。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词methods，system的形容词是systematic，意为“系统的”。故填systematic。9．考查连词。句意：对于保留这一遗产的工匠们，以及世世代代生活在它所定义的空间里的人们来说，榫卯结构一直是中国建筑的重要组成部分。“For the workmen who have preserved this heritage”和“for the generations of people who have lived in the spaces defined by it”之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，要用and表并列，故填and。10．考查名词所有格。句意：中国人对自然的热爱和对和谐共处的追求也在其中。love和Chinese people之间是所属关系，因此空格处用名词所有格people’s，故填people’s。题型02 有提示词题考点一：谓语动词的时态语态 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)（24-25高三上·北京房山·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In July, the Beijing Central Axis 1 (list) on the UNESCO World. Heritage List, becoming China’s 59th World Heritage Site. It 2 (stretch) 7.8 kilometers north-south through the heart of Beijing and comprises 15 components, such as imperial palaces and gardens. Construction of it began in 13th century and took shape in 16th century. It 3 (go) through constant improvement over the past seven centuries, influencing the Beijing’s urban development to this day.【答案】1．was listed 2．stretches 3．has gone【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京中轴线的相关信息，包括其被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录、地理位置、组成部分、建设历史以及对北京城市发展的影响等。1．考查动词时态语态。句意：七月，北京中轴线被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，成为中国第59处世界遗产。根据时间状语“In July”可知，使用一般过去时，the Beijing Central Axis和list为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was listed。2．考查动词时态。句意：它南北贯穿北京心脏地带，长达7.8公里，由15个部分组成，包括皇宫和皇家园林等。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。3．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的七个世纪里，它经历了不断的改进，至今仍影响着北京的城市发展。根据时间状语“over the past seven centuries”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为It，助动词用has。故填has gone。考点二：非谓语谓语动词形式 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。（24-25高三上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。The International Workers’ Day, also 1 (call) Labor Day or May Day, serves as a celebration of workers across the whole social spectrum(范围). Chinese people celebrate their holiday with a range of activities. It’s a time 2 relaxation, as workers enjoy a day off. This year’s holiday lasted from May 1 to May 5, during which time many people chose 3 (travel) to scenic spots, go shopping, visit exhibitions, or just enjoy their time off work with family and friends. Parks and public attractions across the country were filled with visitors eager to enjoy their vacation.【答案】1．called 2．for 3．to travel【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是国际劳动节，中国今年劳动节的时间及人们在期间的活动。1．考查非谓语动词。句意：国际劳动节，也被称为劳动节或五一，是整个社会阶层的工人的庆祝活动。句子的谓语为serves，空处为非谓语动词作定语，The International Workers’ Day与call为被动关系，用过去分词。故填called。2．考查介词。句意：这是一个放松的时间，因为工人们享受一天的假期。relaxation为名词，空处为介词。time for…意思为：……的时间。故填for。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的假期从5月1日持续到5月5日，在此期间，许多人选择去旅游景点，购物，参观展览，或只是与家人和朋友享受他们的假期。choose to do意思为：选择做某事，空处用不定式作宾语。故填to travel。考点三：形容词或副词形式 括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。(2024·浙江湖州·一模)It is considered one of the most extraordinary documentary film 11 (project) ever made, a film shot in every country of the world 12 the same day, involving 3,000 hours of footage in 70 languages from 19,000 volunteer filmmakers around the world. The 104-minute film, One Day on Earth, is a visual poem 13 (star) everyone on the planet. It’s about you and me, the times we live in, and our place in 14 puzzle of humanity.Director Kyle Ruddick and executive producer Brandon Litman 15 (be) the two young forces behind One Day on Earth. They met at the University of Southern California, where Ruddick studied film 16 Litman majored in business. Although both had worked on short-length 17 (commerce) and broadcast projects, they had never attempted anything like One Day on Earth, their first feature-length film, and neither had anyone else.Ruddick and Litman came up with the idea for the film in 2008 at a world music festival, 18 they heard musicians who had never met before play together for the first time. After a few awkward attempts, the musicians soon discovered a way 19 (create) a beautiful fusion of music. In a similar way, “the editorial process was a process of discovery,” said Ruddick. “You couldn’t make this sort of film without being 20 (complete) open to what you receive.”【答案】11．projects 12．on 13．starring 14．the 15．are 16．while 17．commercial 18．where 19．to create 20．completely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了纪录片《地球的一天》的制作背景、团队、灵感来源及制作过程，展现了全球各地人们生活的多样性。17．考查名词转化为形容词。句意：尽管两人都曾参与过商业和广播项目的短片制作，但他们从未尝试过像《地球的一天》这样的电影，这是他们的第一部故事片，其他人也没有尝试过。commerce“商业”为不可数名词，此处应用其形容词形式commercial“商业的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词projects。故填commercial。20．考查动词转化副词。句意：如果你不完全接受你所收到的，你就无法制作这种类型的电影。此处应用副词completely“完全地”，修饰形容词open，作状语。故填completely。考点四：词形词性转化形式 如何判断是否考查词形转换？第一步：确定是否考查词形转换：提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。•第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词：根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。1.动词转换为形容词：①-able结尾的形容词accept→acceptable　 可接受的adapt→adaptable 能适应的admire→admirable 可钦佩的adjust→adjustable 可调节的afford→affordable 负担的起的②v.＋ed/ing　　　　 转换为形容词confuse→confused 感到困惑的worry→worried 担心的excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词attract→attractive　　 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的instruct→instructive 有教育意义的④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词cheer→cheerful　　　 兴高采烈的doubt→doubtful 怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的thank→thankful 感激的2．动词转换为名词①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”celebrate→celebration n．庆祝compete→competition n．比赛pollute→pollution n．污染educate→ education n．教育②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”achieve→achievement n．成就announce→announcement n．宣布argue→argument n．争论， 论据develop→development n．发展③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”perform→performer n．表演者settle→settler n．移民者educate→educator n．教育家direct→director n．导演3.名词的单复数：若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。4.名词转换成形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy5.名词转换成动词提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉6.填名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等)3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。1.This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. 【答案】introduction【解析】考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。[知识链接] 名词后缀ion：graduation毕业 discussion讨论 translation翻译correction改正 connection连接 separation分离expression表达 association联系 exhibition展览election选举 possession占有 completion完成decision决定 permission允许 admission允许进入2.The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【答案】successful【解析】考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。[知识链接] 形容词后缀ful：successful成功的 careful细心的 hopeful充满希望的helpful有帮助的 useful有用的 cheerful高兴的grateful感激的 thankful感激的 powerful强有力的3.She is determined to carry on with her (educate)．【答案】education【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。[拓展]v.＋tion→n.attract→attraction n．吸引collect→collection n．收集corporate→corporation n．合作connect→connection n．联合construct→construction n．建设elect→election n．选举exhibit→exhibition n．展览invent→invention n．发明operate→operation n．操作pollute→pollution n．污染produce→production n．生产protect→protection n．保护4.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _____ (believe) that populations are increasing. 【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转化。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief5.The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and ______(culture) significance，but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter. 【答案】cultural【解析】考查词性转换之名词转化为形容词。此处修饰significance，做定语，应使用形容词。故填cultural。6.More young, working urban residents are delaying or even choosing not to ______ (active) seek their partners despite the social pressure from the older generations to do so.【答案】actively【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。句意：但更多年轻、有工作的城市居民推迟甚至不积极主动寻找伴侣。分析句子可知，本空在句中修饰动词seek，修饰动词要用副词形式，故填actively。7.The idea is ______(fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash，take a photo，post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.【答案】fairly【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。句意：这个想法非常简单：找到一片垃圾，拍一张照片，把照片上传到网上，然后把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。句中应该使用副词充当状语修饰形容词simple。所以要填fairly。8.Jeff started to take _____(act).He created Litterati，an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.【答案】action【解析】考查词性转换之动词转化为名词。句意：Jeff开始采取行动了。动词短语take action意为“采取行动”，名词action充当动词take的宾语。所以句中要填action。9.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __________ (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查词性转化之动词变名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，故空处需要填名词weight。10.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ____________ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.【答案】ability【解析】考查词性转换之形容词变为名词。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。(2024·浙江北斗星盟·阶段考试)It is often time-consuming to travel by car or bus in a country 1 size of China. Consequently, high speed trains make good sense.An early attempt 2 (find) a technological breakthrough for high speed rail travel in China was the Shanghai Maglev (磁悬浮列车), which opened to the public in 2004．As the first 3 (commerce) magnetic-levitation train in the world, it connects Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport with the Shanghai subway system, 4 (travel) a distance of 30 kilometers in 8 minutes.In 2007, the Chinese Ministry of Railways began joint ventures (风险事业) 5 four companies (from Canada, Japan, France and Germany) to develop high speed rail within China. As Chinese railway technology 6 (mature), the development of the high-speed rail system became 7 (increase) localized, until the all-Chinese Fuxing Hao (Renaissance) 8 (create) and rolled into production in 2017.China now has nearly 30,000 kilometers of high speed track. Using high speed rail, 9 used to be a 34-hour journey can now be accomplished in just seven to nine hours. While this is still a long journey, it means you can leave in the morning 10 arrive in the afternoon.【答案】1．the 2．to find 3．commercial 4．travelling/traveling 5．with 6．matured 7．increasingly 8．was created 9．what 10．and【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国高铁的发展。3．考查形容词。句意：作为世界上第一列商用磁悬浮列车，它将上海浦东国际机场与上海地铁系统连接起来，在8分钟内行驶30公里。修饰名词train应用形容词commercial。故填commercial。7．考查副词。句意：随着中国铁路技术的成熟，高铁系统的发展越来越本土化，直到2017年，全中国的复兴号被创造出来并投入生产。修饰localized应用副词increasingly，故填increasingly。Passage 1(2024年新课标高考英语I卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.【答案】56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks 61 the 62. favorites 63. as 64. which##that65. richness【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。56.考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。57.考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。58.考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。59.考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。60.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。61. 考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。62.考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。63.考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。64.考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。65.考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。Passage 2(2024年新课标高考英语II卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. ___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”【答案】36. who 37. themes 38. were 39. to 40. inspired 41. was built 42. visibility 43. to find 44. Recalling 45. and【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。【37题详解】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。【38题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。【39题详解】考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。【41题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。Passage 3(2024年1月浙江高考首考)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____37____ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____38____ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____39____ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____40____ (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____44____ other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____45____ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.【答案】36. to benefit 37. or 38. that##which 39. what 40. criticism 41. be offered 42. have started 43. designed 44. the 45. ones【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。【36题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。【37题详解】考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。【39题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。【41题详解】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。【42题详解】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。【43题详解】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。【45题详解】考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。Passage 4(2024年全国高考英语甲卷)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____（treasure）of American heritage（遗产）. How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____（it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed（承诺）to promote the idea at the ____48____（complete）of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.【答案】41. to catch 42. treasures 43. what 44. were 45. be done 46. its 47. for 48. completion 49. largest 50. which【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏并为此做出了许多努力。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。【42题详解】考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。【43题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。【44题详解】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。【45题详解】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。【46题详解】考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。【47题详解】考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。【49题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。【50题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。A（2025·宁夏内蒙古·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization’s six official languages. The goal was two-fold: 1 (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 2 (tongue). Language is the carrier of communication, the bridge of interaction between nations, 3 the bond of understanding among civilizations. At the same time, a language and its individual 4 (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition. Every language is worthy of respect and should 5 (treat) equally. The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform 6 the world to better understand China, but also 7 (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world. Today, more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems. Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 8 (improve) communication and cooperation between China and 9 rest of the world. As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 10 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.【答案】1．to celebrate 2．tongues 3．and 4．written 5．be treated 6．for 7．promotes 8．improving 9．the 10．innovation【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了联合国设立语言日的目的及中文日的意义。1．考查非谓语动词。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was，此处为非谓语动词，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，作目的状语，与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。2．考查名词的数。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。tongue“语言”为可数名词，由six修饰，应用复数形式。故填tongues。3．考查连词。句意：语言是沟通的载体，是国家间互动的桥梁，是文明间理解的纽带。the carrier of communication、the bridge of interaction between nations和the bond of understanding among civilizations为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。4．考查形容词。句意：语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词forms，需用形容词written“书写的”，作前置定语。故填written。5．考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every language与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系，用be treated表被动，且位于情态动词should后，be用原形。故填be treated。6．考查介词。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。表示“为某人/某物提供某物”用固定短语provide sth. for sb./sth.，本空用介词for，符合题意。故填for。7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。此处与provides并列作谓语，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为The UN Chinese Language Day，本空用promote“促进”的第三人称单数promotes。故填promotes。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语，应用improve“提高”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填improving。9．考查冠词。句意：中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。the rest of...“……的其余部分”，为固定短语，本空用冠词the，符合题意。故填the。10．考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。B（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you’ve ever spent time in China during the summer, you probably recall seeing people on the streets 11 (wave) their handheld fans in an attempt to beat the heat. But the traditional Chinese folding fan is not just a tool for cooling down. It’s an important part of the Chinese culture 12 has over 3, 000 years of history from the Shang Dynasty. The fan-making industry in China 13 (primary) consisted of family-run businesses that produced their designs in small 14 (quantity) and sold them from the front of their workshops. The city of Hangzhou was the center of the industry during the Southern Song dynasty. Composed of panels and ribs, folding fans 15 (design) to spin around the rivet (铆钉) at the head. Panels, as the main surface of the fan, provided a canvas for craftspeople and artists 16 (add) calligraphy and painted scenes. Fans decorated with paintings and calligraphy became known 17 “scholars’ fans” and often reflected a person’s status. Artwork featuring birds and flowers symbolized beauty and gracefulness, making them 18 popular subject among young women. Mythical creatures were also popular choices — dragons were painted frequently onto 19 (man) fans while ladies typically preferred phoenixes. From its beginning during the Shang Dynasty to having over 500 kinds of fans in China today, folding fans 20 (stand) the test of time and are still widely popular — not only in China but around the world.【答案】11．waving 12．that/which 13．primarily 14．quantities 15．were designed 16．to add 17．as 18．a 19．men’s 20．have stood【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统折扇的历史、制作工艺、文化内涵及在现代的流行情况。折扇不仅是中国人消暑的工具，更是中国文化的重要组成部分，具有深厚的历史底蕴和丰富的艺术价值。11．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你在中国夏天待过，你可能会看到人们在街上挥动手持扇子来降温。句中see sb doing为固定短语，空处需填非谓语动词作宾补，people与wave之间为主动且进行的关系，需用现在分词形式。故填waving。12．考查定语从句。句意：它是中国文化的重要组成部分，从商朝开始已有3000多年的历史。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the Chinese culture，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。13．考查副词。句意：中国的制扇业最初主要由家庭经营的企业组成，这些企业生产小批量的设计，并在他们车间的前面出售。设空处需填副词修饰动词consisted，primary的副词为primarily，意为“主要地，首要地”。故填primarily。14．考查名词复数。句意：同上。in small quantities为固定搭配，意为“小批量地”，此处使用名词作宾语。故填quantities。15．考查动词时态和语态。句意：折扇由面板和扇骨组成，设计成可以在扇头的铆钉周围旋转。设空处为谓语动词，根据后文的provided以及句意可知，此处为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为folding fans，为复数形式，be动词需用were。故填were designed。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：面板作为扇子的主要表面，为工匠和艺术家提供了添加书法和绘画场景的画布。句中provided为谓语动词，此处构成provide sth for sb to do sth的固定结构，意为“为某人做某事提供”，故使用不定式结构。故填to add。17．考查介词。句意：装饰有书画的扇子被称为“文人扇”，往往反映了一个人的地位。be known as为固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故填as。18．考查冠词。句意：以花鸟为主题的艺术作品象征着美丽和优雅，使它们成为年轻女性中的一个热门主题。subject为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，且popular发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。19．考查名词所有格。句意：神话生物也是热门的选择——龙经常被画在男士扇子上，而女士通常更喜欢凤凰。此处特指“男士的扇子”，需用名词所有格men’s。故填men’s。20．考查动词时态。句意：从商朝开始到现在中国有500多种扇子，折扇经受住了时间的考验，仍然广受欢迎——不仅在中国，而且在世界各地。设空处为谓语动词，结合时间状语“From its beginning during the Shang Dynasty to having over 500 kinds of fans in China today”可知，此处表示动作发生在过去对现在有影响，故使用现在完成时，主语为folding fans，为复数形式，助动词需用have。故填have stood。C（24-25高三上·江苏连云港·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and night markets, two 21 (seem) unrelated things, have recently become a trending combination 22 (chase) after by young people in China.Instead of taking place in hospitals or clinics during office hours, consultations, prescriptions, acupuncture, and dietary advice offered by certified TCM doctors in the busy atmosphere of night markets 23 (attract) a significant number of young people so far.Young people may not have time to visit hospitals during the day due to work 24 (commit), so this trend has quickly caught their attention. In today’s fast-paced lifestyle, young people’s awareness of health and wellness is gradually increasing 25 this form of night markets caters to their health needs. Besides, the night market environment is 26 (relax) than hospitals, and the attitude of health care providers is more approachable, 27 (improve) the overall health care experience and increasing patient engagement.Visitors used to experience a region’s culture through night markets, 28 they can find a variety of goods, 29 clothing and groceries to local handicrafts, souvenirs and street food. Now TCM gives them one more reason to go.TCM has long been a part of Chinese people’s daily life; its increasing accessibility and integration are now giving this ancient tradition more 30 (strong) and vitality.【答案】21．seemingly 22．chased 23．have attracted 24．commitment/commitments 25．and 26．more relaxing 27．improving 28．where 29．from 30．strength【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中医夜市在中国年轻人中兴起的现象及其原因。21．考查副词。句意：传统中医（TCM）和夜市，这两个看似无关的事物，最近在中国年轻人中成为了追逐的趋势。本空用副词seemingly“表面上地，看似”，作状语，修饰unrelated。故填seemingly。22．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统中医（TCM）和夜市，这两个看似无关的事物，最近在中国年轻人中成为了追逐的趋势。本句谓语为have become ，此处为非谓语动词，且a trending combination 与chase“追逐”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填chased。23．考查动词时态。句意：中医咨询、开处方、针灸和饮食建议不再是在上班时间在医院或诊所进行，而是在热闹的夜市氛围中由有资质的中医医生提供，迄今为止吸引了相当多的年轻人。根据句中so far可知，attract“吸引”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是consultations, prescriptions, acupuncture, and dietary advice，所以助动词用have。故填have attracted。24．考查名词。句意：由于工作投入，年轻人白天可能没有时间去医院，所以这一趋势迅速引起了他们的注意。本空用名词commitment“奉献，投入，不得不做的事”，作介词to的宾语。表示工作上的整体投入，用单数形式；或者强调的是具体的工作投入，用复数形式。故填commitment或commitments。25．考查连词。句意：在当今快节奏的生活方式中，年轻人的健康和养生意识逐渐增强，这种形式的夜市迎合了他们的健康需求。本空用连词and“并且”，连接两个并列的句子。故填and。26．考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，夜市的环境比医院更放松，医护人员的态度更平易近人，改善了整体的医疗体验，提高了患者的参与度。根据空后的than可知，本空用比较级more relaxing“更放松”。故填more relaxing。27．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，夜市的环境比医院更放松，医护人员的态度更平易近人，改善了整体的医疗体验，提高了患者的参与度。and后的句子谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，本空用现在分词improving“改善，提高”，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填improving。28．考查定语从句。句意：游客过去常常通过夜市体验一个地区的文化，在那里他们可以找到各种商品，从服装和杂货到当地手工艺品、纪念品和街头食品。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是night markets，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。29．考查介词。句意：游客过去常常通过夜市体验一个地区的文化，在那里他们可以找到各种商品，从服装和杂货到当地手工艺品、纪念品和街头食品。本空用from，from...to...“从……到……”。故填from。30．考查名词。句意：中医早已成为中国人日常生活的一部分；如今，它的通达性和融合性日益增强，赋予了这一古老传统更多的力量和活力。本空用名词strength“力量”，与后面的vitality“活力”并列，共同作are giving的宾语。故填strength。D（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Great Art of Dunhuang exhibition, held at the China Art Museum on the east bank of the Huangpu River, 31 (be) a big hit during the National Day holiday, attracting visitors around the country. On show were some of the most 32 (represent) and rare artifacts from the collection of Dunhuang Academy in Gansu province, which made their first public debut in the metropolis (大都会). 33 (feature) 168 pieces and sets of cultural relics recognized as national treasures of Ching, the exhibition welcomed more than 50, 000 visitors during the holiday. One of the 34 (exhibit) was the Shengli Stele, a stone with an inscription recording the beginning of the construction of the grottoes, known as the Mogao Caves. More 35 (impressive) six of the most typical caves had life-size reproductions on display, bringing 36 immersive experience of the Mogao Caves to visitors. According to Zhang Yuanlin, deputy director of the Dunhuang Academy ,the six caves were carefully selected to “sketch out the concise (简明的) history of dunhuang art spanning almost a millennium”.A visitor says, We are not allowed 37 (take) photographs while visiting the Mogao Caves. Thanks to digital technology, we can have a close-up experience with the artworks in these reproduced caves, 38 is more than we can do by visiting the real caves.”Dunhuang, 39 (locate) in an oasis in the Gobi Desert, once served 40 an important trading center along the ancient Silk Road. We hope that by bringing Dunhuang artifacts to Shanghai’s wider audiences, it will attract more people to visit Dunhuang in Gansu says an official with the Gansu Provincial Administration of Cultural Relics.【答案】31．was 32．representative 33．Featuring 34．exhibits 35．impressively 36．an 37．to take 38．which 39．located 40．as【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国美术馆举办的敦煌艺术大展在国庆节期间大受欢迎，展出了来自甘肃敦煌研究院收藏的具有代表性的罕见文物，以及通过数字技术让游客近距离体验敦煌艺术。31．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在黄浦江东岸的中国美术馆举办的“敦煌艺术大展”在国庆假期大受欢迎，吸引了全国各地的游客。提示词be是连系动词，作谓语，由时间状语“during the National Day holiday”可知，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，主语The Great Art of Dunhuang exhibition是单数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填was。32．考查形容词。句意：展出的是甘肃省敦煌研究院收藏的一些最具代表性和罕见的文物，这些文物首次在大都会公开展出。提示词与形容词rare是并列关系，修饰名词artifacts，应用形容词representative构成最高级the most representative作定语，意为“最具有代表性的”。故填representative。33．考查非谓语动词。句意：展出了168件（套）被认定为国家一级文物的文物，展览国庆期间共接待游客5万余人。句中已有谓语welcomed，“(feature) 168 pieces and sets of cultural relics recognized as national treasures of Ching”作伴随状语，feature(以……为特色，以……为主要组成)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the exhibition之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动，作状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Featuring。34．考查名词。句意：展品之一是《胜利碑》，这是一块刻有石窟建造之初铭文的石碑，被称为莫高窟。“one of + the +可数名词复数”是固定短语，意为“……之一”，用复数名词exhibits作介词宾语，意为“展品”。故填exhibits。35．考查副词。句意：更令人印象深刻的是，六个最具代表性的洞穴中有真人大小的复制品展出，为游客带来了沉浸式的莫高窟体验。提示词修饰整个句子，用副词impressively作状语，意为“令人印象深刻地，令人难忘地”。故填impressively。36．考查冠词。句意：更令人印象深刻的是，六个最具代表性的洞穴中有真人大小的复制品展出，为游客带来了沉浸式的莫高窟体验。可数名词experience在句中表示“一次沉浸式的体验”，泛指，且immersive是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。37．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位参观者说：“我们参观莫高窟时不允许拍照。多亏了数字技术，我们可以在这些复制的洞穴中近距离地欣赏艺术品，这比参观真正的洞穴所能做的要多。”allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，句中使用了其被动语态sb. be allowed to do sth.，意为“某人被允许做某事”，用不定式to take作主语补足语。故填to take。38．考查定语从句。句意：一位参观者说：“我们参观莫高窟时不允许拍照。多亏了数字技术，我们可以在这些复制的洞穴中近距离地欣赏艺术品，这比参观真正的洞穴所能做的要多。”“ is more than we can do by visiting the real caves”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，先行词为主句“we can have a close-up experience with the artworks in these reproduced caves”讲的这件事情，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。39．考查非谓语动词。句意：敦煌位于戈壁沙漠中的一片绿洲上，曾是古丝绸之路上一个重要的贸易中心。句中已有谓语served，“(locate) in an oasis in the Gobi Desert”作后置定语，locate(把……安置/建造于”是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Dunhuang之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填located。40．考查介词。句意：敦煌位于戈壁沙漠中的一片绿洲上，曾是古丝绸之路上一个重要的贸易中心。serve as为固定搭配，意为“充当，担任”。故填as。E（2024·辽宁大连·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A first-of-its-kind elevated steel pedestrian walkway system -Fuzhou Forest Walkway- runs through forested areas in China. 41 (common) known as “Fudao”, it 42 (extend) over 6.3 kilometers from end to end, covering about 19 kilometers along its winding path. The walkway, 43 (design) as an urban connector, links two bodies of water, while 44 (provide) public access to the hills outside of Fuzhou’s city center.The project forms part of a larger redevelopment of the area, which also saw 45 (significance) improvements to the region’s facilities. An existing bus station has been transformed into a visitor center, while 46 fish pond has been repurposed as a bio-retention(生物滞留) lake.The walkway consists of six basic deck components 47 can be ordered and linked together in various ways. The project is a system capable of crossing over the rolling mountains and protecting the ecology of the site. The use of a porous grating(格栅) for decks allows natural light 48 (reach) the ground plants, encouraging low-lying plants to grow.Interestingly, 49 enables barrier-free access along the walkway’s entire length is its consistent 1:16 gradient (坡度). This was an important consideration for public access, ensuring that it could be enjoyed by people 50 all ages. Conveniences such as rest areas, viewing decks, observation towers, and teahouses have been included, adding variety and character to the site as an eco-tourism destination.【答案】41．Commonly 42．extends 43．designed 44．providing 45．significant 46．a 47．that/which 48．to reach 49．what 50．of【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国首个高架钢结构人行步道系统——福州森林步道。41．考查副词。句意：俗称“福道”，它从一端到另一端延伸超过6.3公里，沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19公里。副词commonly作状语修饰动词，首字母大写。故填Commonly。42．考查时态。句意：俗称“福岛”，它从一端到另一端延伸超过6.3公里，沿着蜿蜒的路径绵延约19公里。陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语为it ，谓语为单三形式。故填extends。43．考查非谓语。句意：这条人行道被设计成城市连接器，连接两个水体，同时为福州市中心外的山丘提供公共通道。空处为非谓语动词，The walkway与design为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填designed。44．考查省略。句意：这条人行道被设计成城市连接器，连接两个水体，同时为福州市中心外的山丘提供公共通道。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后文：while the walkway is providing, 省略了主语和be动词。故填providing。45．考查形容词。句意：该项目是该地区更大的再开发的一部分，该地区的设施也得到了显著改善。形容词significant作定语修饰名词。故填significant。46．考查冠词。句意：一个现有的公交车站被改造成一个游客中心，而一个鱼塘被改造成一个生物保留湖。泛指“一个鱼塘”，且fish首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。47．考查定语从句。句意：人行道由六个基本的甲板组件组成，这些组件可以以各种方式排列和连接在一起。先行词为six basic deck components，作定语从句的主语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。48．考查不定式。句意：露台使用多孔光栅，让自然光照射到地面植物，促进低洼植物生长。allow sb/sth to do sth允许某人/某物做某事。故填to reach。49．考查连接词。句意：有趣的是，使整个人行道无障碍的是其始终如一的1:16坡度。空处为主语从句，缺少主语，连接词为what。故填what。50．考查介词。句意：这是公共访问的一个重要考虑因素，确保所有年龄段的人都能享受它。of all ages所有年龄段，为固定短语。故填of。