专题10 阅读七选五说明文 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）

专题10 阅读七选五说明文目录 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 题型综述 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 解题攻略 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898653" 题型01 主旨概括句题 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898654" 题型02 过渡衔接句题 5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898655" 题型03 细节支撑句题 7 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656" 题型04 结论概括句题  PAGEREF _Toc148898656 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898657" 高考练场  PAGEREF _Toc148898657 \h 11题型简介高考英语阅读七选五说明文，主要向读者介绍知识、说明事物原理、解释操作流程或阐释社会文化现象等 。文本条理清晰，常运用小标题、数字序号、逻辑连接词来组织行文，让复杂内容层次分明，方便读者理解。这类题型要求考生从七个备选项中选出五个合适的句子，填补文章空缺处，使文意连贯、逻辑顺畅，综合考查阅读理解、语篇分析及上下文衔接能力。命题类型主旨概括句：常位于段落开头，用来点明段落核心主题，起引领全段内容的作用，如选段围绕某种环保新技术展开，此空句子会概括该技术的总体特性。过渡衔接句：衔接上下文，既总结上文要点，又引出下文话题，让行文过渡自然，毫无突兀感。比如前文讲传统教育模式，后文谈线上教育革新，中间过渡句就需关联二者。细节支撑句：为前文提出的论点、概念提供具体例子、数据、解释说明，充实文章内容，让抽象观点变得具体可感，像提到健康饮食好处后，紧跟列举具体有益的食材。结论概括句：考查对文章结论的概括能力，选项需要能够总结文章的主要观点。解题思路通读全文，把握大意：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主题，明确是介绍科技产品、文化习俗，还是科普自然现象等，构建宏观框架认知。看设空位置，预判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能总领全段的选项；在段中，多为过渡或细节支撑句，需联系前后文语义关联；处于段尾，可能是总结句，或是引出下段话题的过渡语。圈画关键词，找呼应：在设空处上下文中圈出名词、动词、形容词等实词，以及逻辑连接词。比对选项，找出含相同、相近关键词，或是存在因果、转折、并列等逻辑呼应的句子。例如，上文有 “but” 表转折，选项也应有转折语义相关内容。利用逻辑线索：关注文中 “firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however ”“therefore” 这类逻辑词，它们能清晰展示行文顺序、语义递进、转折对比、因果推导关系，顺着逻辑链条筛选适配选项。代入检查：把选定的选项依次代入原文空缺处，通读全文，核查上下文衔接是否流畅，语义是否连贯，语法有无错误，若读起来拗口、语义断裂，需重新斟酌选项。 题型01 主旨概括句题 关注段首或段尾：主旨概括句通常出现在段首或段尾，段首概括句要根据后文内容推断，查找同义词或相关词；段尾概括句则要总结上文。利用关键词和重复信息：快速浏览选项和文章，找出关键词和重复信息，这些往往是概括主题的线索。排除干扰项：干扰项可能过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题，通过对比排除这些选项。（2024·重庆·模拟预测）Very few people can say that they have achieved all that they are capable of. But what is it that is preventing you from fulfilling your potential (潜能)? 16 They know that they have something special to contribute and they are determined to make their mark. This does not mean that they are too proud. On the contrary, they are self critical and push themselves hard because they know that they can achieve more.It is easy and natural to settle into a rut (墨守成规). Why try something new when you are already doing that you are good at? 17 They take risks. They move out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges. They push themselves to acquire new skills and to face new examinations of their abilities. 18 Where are you right now — inside your comfort zone or taking risks? 19 Thinking and planning are great but it is action that leads to success. It is only by doing things and doing the right things that you change the world.Let’s face it — your friends and family are really nice people but they are not challenging you to achieve more. Spend more time with high flyers and positive thinkers who understand ambition and achievement. Share some of your thoughts, dreams and challenges with them. 20 A．High achievers go further.B．This means that they run the risk of failure.C．All successful people have strong self-belief.D．They can take comfort in modest achievements.E．You waste a lot of time every day on low value activities.F．They will encourage you and give you the direct advice you need.G．It is really very hard to make progress if you have no ambition for your life.【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B 19．E 20．F【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过阐述成功者所具有的特质分析了阻碍我们发挥潜能的一些因素，并给出了一些建议。16．设空处为段首句；由下文“They know that they have something special to contribute and they are determined to make their mark. This does not mean that they are too proud. On the contrary, they are self critical and push themselves hard because they know that they can achieve more.(他们知道他们有一些特别的贡献，他们决心要留下自己的印记。这并不意味着他们太骄傲。相反，他们是自我批评和努力推动自己，因为他们知道他们可以实现更多。)”可知，这一段主要讲一类人所具有的特质，他们知道他们能做出特别的贡献，取得更多的成就；由此可知，本段讲述的这些人非常自信；C选项“All successful people have strong self-belief.(所有成功人士都有强烈的自信。)”指出所有成功的人都有强烈的自信，符合语境，起到引领下文的作用，下文中的“they”指代选项中的“All successful people”。故选C。17．上文“It is easy and natural to settle into a rut (墨守成规). Why try something new when you are already doing that you are good at?(墨守成规是很容易也很自然的。当你已经在做你擅长的事情时，为什么要尝试新的东西呢?)”指出墨守成规是很容易也很自然，并提出问题：为什么已经在做你擅长的事情还要尝试新的东西？下文“They take risks. They move out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges.( 他们敢于冒险。他们走出了自己的舒适区。他们接受困难的挑战。)”指出这些人敢于冒险，走出舒适区，接受困难的挑战；A选项“High achievers go further.(高成就者走得更远。)”承上启下，回答了上文所提出的问题，指出成就高的人不会墨守成规，他们走得更远；下文承接A选项，具体说明他们如何走更远。故选A。18．上文“They take risks. They move out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges. They push themselves to acquire new skills and to face new examinations of their abilities. (他们敢于冒险。他们走出了自己的舒适区。他们接受困难的挑战。他们强迫自己学习新技能，面对对自己能力的新考验。)”指出成就高的人敢于冒险，去挑战自我，接受对自己能力新的考验；B选项“This means that they run the risk of failure.(这意味着他们冒着失败的风险。)”总结前文，指出上文的做法意味着他们会有失败的风险，符合语境；选项中的代词“This”指代前文所阐述的内容，“run the risk of failure”与上下文中的“take risks”、“ taking risks”相呼应。故选B。19．从下文“Thinking and planning are great but it is action that leads to success. It is only by doing things and doing the right things that you change the world.(思考和计划是伟大的，但行动才能带来成功。只有通过做事和做正确的事情，你才能改变世界。)”可知，只有行动起来，做正确的事情才能成功；E选项“You waste a lot of time every day on low value activities.(你每天在低价值的活动上浪费了很多时间。)”指出你在低价值的事上浪费了很多时间，没有做正确的事，阐述了无法实现自己的潜能的原因，符合语境。故选E。20．上文“Spend more time with high flyers and positive thinkers who understand ambition and achievement. Share some of your thoughts, dreams and challenges with them. (多花点时间和那些懂得抱负与成就的雄心勃勃的人和积极的思考者在一起。与他们分享你的一些想法、梦想和挑战。)”建议要和有远大目标的人、充满正能量的人分享你的想法，梦想和挑战；F选项“They will encourage you and give you the direct advice you need.(他们会鼓励你，给你需要的直接建议。)”承接上文，阐述多和具有远大目标、积极的思考者在一起交流的益处，符合语境。故选F。题型02 过渡衔接句题 瞻前顾后找启示：阅读设空处前后句，寻找提示词、短语或句子，结合上下文内容，看所选答案是否能将两部分内容衔接起来。利用过渡衔接词语：注意选项中出现的过渡衔接词语，如表示并列、递进、转折、因果等关系的词语，根据这些词语确定过渡句表示的逻辑关系。理清逻辑关系：明确选项与上下文之间的逻辑关系，如顺逆关系、因果关系、解释关系、例证关系等，确保过渡自然。（23-24高三上·安徽·期末）Vegetables are filled with nutrients. However, kids usually hate eating them. Here are five of the most common reasons why most kids don’t really enjoy them. Kids lack in exposure. The best way to get kids to eat their vegetables is to ensure that they are exposed to them early on. 21 . Therefore, if you want your kids to love vegetables, start, exposing them early. The vegetables taste bitter. Kids are super into the sweet and salt y flavors, but sometimes vegetables have a bitter taste. The good news is that the more you eat vegetables, the less unpleasant they’ll taste. If your kids just won’t eat them, you can mix them with other food or cook them differently. 22 . Kids are allergic(过敏的). Vegetables contain vitamins and minerals. 23 . Some kids are allergic to certain vegetables, making it hard to eat them. So it’s best to find out if your kids are allergic to any vegetables before you try to get them to eat. Kids are forced to consume. If you have no idea why they don’t eat them, try giving them a snack with some vegetables. 24 . Instead, praise your kids for eating them. Then they’re more likely to try and eat. 25 . Sometimes kids go with the flow and do what others do. They tend to copy the behavior of their parents. So if you’re not eating your vegetables, your kids won’t, either. The bottom line is that if your kids are picky eaters, it’s probably because of you.A．Just keep tryingB．Family hate vegetablesC．However, this doesn’t mean they’re for everyoneD．Don’t try too hard to get your kids to eat vegetablesE．Some vegetables are not fresh and don’t look appealingF．Most kids don’t start eating vegetables until about age 2 or 3G．What they hear about vegetables affects their thoughts about them【答案】21．F 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大多数孩子不喜欢吃蔬菜的原因及应对方法。21．下文“Therefore, if you want your kids to love vegetables, start, exposing them early. (因此，如果你想让你的孩子喜欢蔬菜，那就早点让他们接触。)”建议让孩子早点儿接触蔬菜，选项F“大多数孩子直到2岁或3岁才开始吃蔬菜”和下文是因果关系，说明孩子开始接触蔬菜的年龄。故选F项。22．上文“If your kids just won’t eat them, you can mix them with other food or cook them differently. (如果你的孩子不吃，你可以把它们和其他食物混合在一起，或者用不同的方法烹饪。)”建议如果孩子不吃，就要想办法，选项A“要不断去尝试(其他方法)”承接上文，建议继续去尝试新的办法。故选A项。23．上文“Vegetables contain vitamins and minerals. (蔬菜含有维生素和矿物质。)”说明蔬菜好处多，选项C“然而，这并不意味着它们适合所有人”承接上文，转折语义，蔬菜虽然好，但也不是适合所有人，引出下文“Some kids are allergic to certain vegetables, making it hard to eat them. (有些孩子对某些蔬菜过敏，吃起来很困难。)”说明有些孩子就不能吃某些蔬菜。故选C项。24．下文“Instead, praise your kids for eating them. Then they’re more likely to try and eat. (相反，赞美你的孩子吃了它们。然后他们更有可能尝试吃东西。)”建议用赞扬的方法鼓励孩子尝试吃东西，选项D“不要强迫让你的孩子吃蔬菜”引领下文，建议态度不要太强硬，不能强迫。强迫和赞扬意义相对。故选D项。25．下文“Sometimes kids go with the flow and do what others do. They tend to copy the behavior of their parents. So if you’re not eating your vegetables, your kids won’t, either. The bottom line is that if your kids are picky eaters, it’s probably because of you. (有时孩子们随大流，做别人做的事。他们倾向于模仿父母的行为。所以如果你不吃蔬菜，你的孩子也不会吃。最重要的是，如果你的孩子挑食，那可能是因为你。)”说明孩子不吃蔬菜的原因可能是模仿父母的行为，选项B“家人不喜欢蔬菜”概括本段主题，说明家人讨厌蔬菜是孩子不吃蔬菜的原因之一。故选B项。题型03 细节支撑句题 分析段落内部逻辑：细节支撑句通常出现在段落内部，要根据段落主题句和前后句的逻辑关系来确定答案。关注逻辑关系标志词：注意设空处前后句中的逻辑关系标志词，如条件、原因、让步、递进、对比、列举、结果等，根据这些词提示的逻辑关系选择合适的细节支撑句。寻找相关信息词：在选项中寻找与设空处前后句相关的词汇或信息，确保细节支撑句与上下文内容紧密相连。（23-24高三上·山东青岛·期末）As we dive into the New Year with fresh resolutions, a big question is: How long are we going to stick with them? 36 But there is a strategy known as SMART can help both in setting goals and sticking with them.Specific. In daily life, we’re driven by our habits, which come easily. We can drive, listen to the radio and chew gum at the same time. 37 We need to get rid of distractions and stay focused. Mastering a new skill is slow going, so it’s best to be clear on our aim.Measurable. When it comes to goals, there’s often a divide between intention and action. One way to bridge this gap is to track what we’ve achieved each day. 38 So, if you’re learning to play the piano, log your practice. If your aim is to eat better, journal your meals.Achievable. 39 It’s a reality check on how much time and resources you have to devote to it. And, it sometimes begs a bigger question: Why should I commit to this goal?Relevant. Goals and values should be connected. We may spend years living out other people’s dreams for us. If you’re extrinsically (外在地) motivated, you may power through. But you may not be happy with the outcome, even if you’re very successful. 40 Time-bound. It’s important to set goals that have clear time frames. Map out an action plan, and throughout the year you can refer back to the plan.Set concrete goals and plan a pain forward. When you’re filling your days with tasks and activities in line with your goals, it’s time well spent.A．But working toward a new goal can require a lot of brain power.B．We know it matters to eat healthier, but it is hard to follow through.C．Break your goal down into smaller pieces and think whether it’s doable.D．People who regularly monitor their progress are more likely to succeed.E．If you pick a goal you really care about, you’ll get it done and feel better.F．We often start with determination and quickly find our passion decreasing.G．To keep you on track, write down your goals and share them with your teachers.【答案】36．F 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是坚持新年决心的SMART策略。36．空前“As we dive into the New Year with fresh resolutions, a big question is: How long are we going to stick with them?(当我们带着新的决心进入新年时，一个大问题是:我们能坚持多久？)”提出一个问题，就是我们能坚持新年决心多久，空格处应该是对这个问题进行回答，F选项“We often start with determination and quickly find our passion decreasing.(我们常常一开始就下定决心，但很快就发现我们的激情在减退。)”回答了前面的问题，说明我们往往不能坚持我们的新年决心，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。37．空前“In daily life, we’re driven by our habits, which come easily. We can drive, listen to the radio and chew gum at the same time.(在日常生活中，我们很容易被习惯所驱使。我们可以一边开车，一边听收音机，一边嚼口香糖。)”说明我们能轻松地完成生活中的一些事情，空后“We need to get rid of distractions and stay focused.(我们需要摆脱干扰，保持专注。)”说明要完成空格处所说的事情是不容易的，A选项“But working toward a new goal can require a lot of brain power.(但是朝着一个新的目标努力可能需要大量的脑力。)”说明要朝一个目标努力需要脑力，和前文生活中容易完成的事情形成对比，和后文需要专注表达一致，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。38．空前“One way to bridge this gap is to track what we’ve achieved each day.(弥补这种差距的一种方法是记录我们每天所取得的成就。)”说明了要记录每天的成就，也就是记录自己的成长过程，空格处应该说这么做的好处，D选项“People who regularly monitor their progress are more likely to succeed.(经常监控自己进步的人更有可能成功。)”说明记录自己的成长过程能让人可能成功，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。39．本段主题句是“Achievable.(可以实现的。)”，空格处应该也是说要目标变得可以实现的相关的内容，C选项“Break your goal down into smaller pieces and think whether it’s doable.(把你的目标分解成更小的部分，并思考它是否可行。)”说明的是把目标变成小目标，看它是否能够实现，和本段主题一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。40．空前“Goals and values should be connected. We may spend years living out other people’s dreams for us. If you’re extrinsically (外在地) motivated, you may power through. But you may not be happy with the outcome, even if you’re very successful.(目标和价值观应该联系起来。我们可能会花费数年的时间来实现别人对我们的梦想。如果你有外在动力，你可能会坚持下去。但即使你非常成功，你也可能对结果不满意。)”说明目标要是和自己相关的，不然就算实现了，自己也不高兴，E选项“If you pick a goal you really care about, you’ll get it done and feel better.(如果你选择了一个你真正关心的目标，你就会完成它，感觉更好。)”说明了如果选择一个自己真正关心的目标，自己就会感觉更好，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。题型04 结论概括句 注意总结性信号词：结论概括句常含有总结性的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等。总结上文内容：根据上文的论述内容，选择能够总结或概括上文观点、信息的选项。与主题句呼应：结论概括句要与文章或段落的主题句相呼应，确保文章结构完整、逻辑清晰。（23-24高三上·广东梅州·期末）Getting and staying focused can be a challenge even in the best of times. But with everything going on in the world, concentrating can often feel down-right impossible. Below are some tips to help you find your flow. Distract (使分心) your brain. Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what’s called the “default (默认的) mode network” for a bit of freestyle activities. 66 . It’s the place where our minds find innovation and creativity and often make better decisions than the focused mind. 67 . This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it’s a walk through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm sandy beach. Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand. Block interruptions before diving into deep work. 68 . To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts. Be vital when you want a deep dive into focus. Your important work benefits when you shut off or put away your phone and other screens. Know your body clock. Whether you are sharp in the morning or a night owl, don’t spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork. 69 . Try new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we’re facing at work or home. 70 .A．Try to daydream what happenedB．We try to obtain focus but in vainC．Engage in positive constructive daydreamingD．Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuffE．This network of the brain circuit is where magic happensF．Our days are filled with distractions, from others and ourselvesG．Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation【答案】66．E 67．C 68．F 69．D 70．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。66．上文“Schedule into every workday some breaks from all that focusing and allow your mind to travel into what’s called the “default (默认的) mode network” for a bit of freestyle activities.(在每个工作日安排一些休息时间，让你的大脑进入所谓的‘默认模式网络’”，进行一些自由活动。)”建议在每个工作日安排一些休息时间，让大脑进入“默认模式网络”；E选项“This network of the brain circuit is where magic happens(这个大脑回路网络就是奇迹发生的地方)”承接上文，对大脑的“默认模式网络”进一步阐述，选线中的“This network”指代上文中的“default (默认的) mode network”。故选E。67．句子结构分析可知，设空处此段为主旨句；下文“This involves first turning your attention inward. Try traveling with your mind to someplace enjoyable — maybe it’s a walk through an imaginary forest or sunbathing on a warm sandy beach. Doing this several times a day can offer your mind a fresh approach to the job at hand.(这包括首先将你的注意力转向内部。试着带着你的思想去一个令人愉快的地方旅行——也许是在想象中的森林里散步，或者在温暖的沙滩上晒日光浴。)”建议想象自己去一个令人愉快的地方旅行，比如想象中的森林里散步，或者在温暖的沙滩上晒太阳；C选项“Engage in positive constructive daydreaming(做一些积极的、有建设性的白日梦)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为主旨句。故选C。68．本段主旨句“Block interruptions before diving into deep work.(在投入工作之前屏蔽干扰)”指出投入工作之前要屏蔽干扰；下文“To help, turn off text messaging, notifications and social media alerts.(为了有所帮助，关闭短信、通知和社交媒体提醒。)”指出关闭短信、通知和社交媒体提醒等会帮助屏蔽干扰，提高注意力；F选项“Our days are filled with distractions, from others and ourselves(我们的生活充满了干扰，来自他人和自己)”指出我们生活中充满干扰，符合语境。故选F。69．根据上文“Whether you are sharp in the morning or a night owl, don’t spend your day — in particular your peak brain hours — doing busywork.(无论你是早晨思维敏捷还是夜猫子，都不要把一天的时间——尤其是大脑最活跃的时间——花在消磨时间的工作上。)”指出不要把一天的时间，尤其是大脑最活跃的时间花在消磨时间的工作上；D选项“Instead, reserve your best brain time for the big stuff(相反，把你大脑最好的时间留给重要的事情)”提出应该把大脑最好的时间用于做重要的事情，符合语境，选项中的“the big stuff”与上文中的“busywork”相对应。故选D。70．上文“Try new hobbies. Engaging in hobbies not only is fun but can help us come up with new solutions to problems we’re facing at work or home.(尝试新的爱好。从事业余爱好不仅有趣，而且可以帮助我们想出解决工作或家庭中遇到的问题的新方法。)”建议尝试新的爱好，并指出这可以帮助我们想出解决问题的新方法；G项“Allowing your mind time to play is another way to invite innovation(让你的大脑有时间玩耍是另一种激发创新的方式)”承接上文，阐述尝试新爱好的益处，符合语境。故选G。(2024年1月浙江首考)In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. ___16___ But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? ___17___ We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. ___19___ He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. ___20___ A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.B. Your motivation should be your main concern.C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. D 20. E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。【16题详解】由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。【17题详解】由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【18题详解】由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。【19题详解】由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。【20题详解】由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。(2024年新课标高考英语I卷)Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.A. I don't often use this dictionary.B. It takes no account of the context.C. But I still don't want to replace them.D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。【36题详解】上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。【37题详解】上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。【38题详解】下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。【39题详解】下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。【40题详解】上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。(2024年新课标高考英语II卷)Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.A. Visit during off-peak times.B. So, should we stop traveling?C. Travel for you and no one else.D. Can overtourism be avoided then?E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。【16题详解】前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。【17题详解】前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。【18题详解】前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。【19题详解】空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。【20题详解】前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。（2023·新高考卷I阅读理解七选五）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.【答案与解析】16【答案】D 根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。17【答案】B 根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。18【答案】F 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。19【答案】C 根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。20【答案】G根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。（2023·新高考卷II阅读理解七选五）As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___36___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___38___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.·___39___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___40___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.A Get out of your comfort zone.B. Make career plans and set goals.C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。【36题详解】根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。【37题详解】分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。【38题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。【39题详解】分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。【40题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。A（2024·河南·一模）Players, in Project SEKAI a world where reality and digital fantasy intertwine, 1 . A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm MechanicsProject Sekai transforms familiar rhythm gameplay into an enthralling experience where precision and timing bring music to life. Adjustable difficulty settings ensure that both newcomers and seasoned players find their rhythm, challenging them to perfect performances and ascend the leaderboards.Interwoven Stories and Evolving CharactersAt the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant human protagonists— 2 . Through fully voiced dialogues and interactive stories, players explore personal growth and friendships that evolve with each note sung. Exploring the Dual Dimensions of Hatsune Miku: Colorful StageIn the heart of Shibuya, Tokyo, the game unfolds, presenting a unique scenario where beloved virtual idols like Hatsune Miku exist only within the confines of fiction. Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions. 3 This game sets players on a compelling quest alongside these virtual singers to navigate their complex worlds and unravel the truths hidden in their “true feelings.”Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on various personal devices. 4 , transforming as players delve deeper into understanding and expressing their emotion. As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the player's emotional journey. 5 ,challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds.A．bring their own dreams and dilemmasB．display a variety of emotions stirred from themselvesC．It acts as a key to SEKAID．immerse themselves in it with the rhythmic spotlight surroundedE．Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access itF．embark on their captivating musical adventureG．It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI【答案】1．F 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游戏《SEKAI计划》的相关内容。1．空前提到的是Project Sekai的世界背景，空后是介绍游戏玩法的段落，因此此处应为一种玩家与世界互动的方式。以及第二段小标题“A Symphony of Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics(交响乐的熄灯号：引人入胜的节奏力学)”说明这是一个音乐相关的游戏，F项“embark on their captivating musical adventure(玩家们开始了他们迷人的音乐冒险)”该项提到通过这个游戏可以进行愉快的冒险，起到引出后文的作用。故选F。2．前文提到“At the heart of Project Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—from virtual idols to vibrant human protagonists(《世相计划》的核心在于其丰富的叙事深度，从虚拟偶像到充满活力的人类主角，其中的角色。)”空前为角色的介绍，强调角色的多样性和丰富性。A项“bring their own dreams and dilemmas(带来了他们自己的梦想和困境)”符合对游戏角色功能性的介绍。 该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选A。3．前文提到“Yet, these characters discover a gateway to “SEKAI”,a mysterious alternate reality that forms in response to human emotions.(然而，这些角色发现了通往“SEKAI”的大门，这是一个神秘的替代现实，是对人类情感的反应。)”空前讲述了游戏中虚拟偶像存在的交错现实和虚构情境，E项“Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emotional landscapes of those who access it(每个SEKAI的表现各不相同，反映了访问者不同的情感景观)”该项提到了游戏体验因人而异，与上文相符。 故选E。4．前文提到“Besides, the game pivots around a silent, melody-less song called “Untitled,” that mysteriously appears on various personal devices.(此外，游戏围绕着一首名为“Untitled”的无声无旋律歌曲展开，这首歌神秘地出现在各种个人设备上。)”该段提到了游戏中的音乐，这首歌曲在游戏中也起着十分重要的作用。C项“It acts as a key to SEKAI(它作为SEKAI的钥匙)”起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选C。5．前文提到“As they interact with the song, it gradually develops a melody, lyrics, and finally a name, mirroring the player's emotional journey.(当他们与歌曲互动时，歌曲会逐渐形成旋律、歌词，最后是一个名字，反映出玩家的情感历程。)”以及后文提到“challenging players to find balance and harmony between two worlds.(挑战玩家在两个世界之间找到平衡与和谐)”空前后的内容提及玩家在两个世界间的探索及文化交融，G项“It allows for a fluid movement between the tangible reality of Tokyo and the ethereal realms of SEKAI(它允许在东京的现实和SEKAI的超凡领域之间的流畅移动)”该项提到可以在现实和虚拟世界之间转换。该项起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选G。B（2024·广东佛山·二模）An essential writing skill is the ability to use plain language effectively to convey ideas clearly. Plain language involves using direct and accessible language with a straightforward structure. To write in plain language, it is important to follow certain guidelines. 6 The only details necessary are those necessary for understanding. For example, the sign “Wait behind the yellow line,” at a train platform includes “yellow” so travelers know where to stand.Plain language avoids using vocabulary that requires specialized knowledge. If you work in IT, you can comfortably use the word “latency” with your colleagues. 7 But when speaking with someone without an IT background, you might instead use “slow” to ensure that they know what you’re talking about.Plain language is more than word choices, though. It also involves structuring writing to prioritize clarity. 8 For example, use clear headers for each section. Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write directly to your reader. 9 Additionally, use the active voice whenever possible to enhance clarity.It is important to note that not every guideline for plain writing will apply to every piece of writing. The ultimate goal is to create contents that are accessible and easily understood. By using plain language, you demonstrate respect for your readers’ time and intelligence. 10 A．That is because they know what it means.B．This can be achieved in the following ways.C．Thus, it develops positive relationships with them.D．In many cases, this means writing in the second person point of view.E．One key aspect of plain writing is ensuring sentences are as short as possible.F．This can be especially important for those who speak English as a second language.G．Plain language reduces the risk of misunderstandings caused by confusing language choices.【答案】6．E 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了使用通俗易懂的语言写作时需要遵循一些通用的指导原则。6．根据下文“The only details they include are those necessary for the reader to understand the sentences’ meaning. For example, the sign “Wait behind the yellow line,” at a train platform includes “yellow” so travelers know where to stand.（它们只包括那些读者理解句子意义所必需的细节。例如，火车站台上，“请在黄线后面等候”这句话包含了“黄色”，这样旅客就知道应该站在哪里。）”可知，写作时只包括那些读者理解句子意义所必需的细节。火车站台的例子表明内容要简短。结合选项E项One key aspect of plain writing is ensuring sentences are as short as possible.（简洁写作的一个关键方面是确保句子尽可能短。），和下文内容意思一致，紧密连接，符合语境。故选E项。7．根据上文“If you work in IT, you can comfortably use the word “latency” with your colleagues.（如果您从事IT工作，那么您可以轻松地与同事使用“latency”这个词。）”提到您可以轻松地与同事使用“latency”这个词，以及下文“But when speaking with someone without an IT background, you might instead use “slow” to ensure that they know what you’re talking about.（但是当你和一个没有IT背景的人说话时，你可以用“slow”来确保他们知道你在说什么。）”可推测，空处谈论的是和同事们说话用词的问题，不同背景应该使用不同的词汇。结合选项A项That is because they know what it means.（那是因为他们知道这意味着什么。）可知，A项中的they指代的时候上文中的colleagues，这也与下文中的they指导内容一致，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选A项。8．根据上文“Plain language is more than word choices, though. It also involves structuring writing to prioritize clarity.（然而，简单的语言不仅仅是词语的选择。它还包括组织写作，优先考虑清晰。）”提到简单的语言不仅仅是词语的选择，还包括其它东西，以及下文“For example, use clear headers for each section.  Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write directly to your read.（例如，每个部分使用清晰的标题。在句子或段落的开头尽早提及主题。直接写给读者。）”可知，上文强调组织写作，优先考虑清晰，下文给出了具体的做法。结合选项B项This can be achieved in the following ways.（这可以通过以下方式实现。）可知，This指代的是“It also involves structuring writing to prioritize clarity.”，“in the following ways”呼应的是下“文For example, use clear headers for each section.  Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write directly to your read.”，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选B项。9．根据上文 “Write directly to your reader. （直接写给读者。）”，再结合D项“In many cases, this means writing in the second person point of view.（在很多情况下，这意味着要运用第二人称来写作）”可知，this指代的是“直接写给读者”这一方法，运用第二人称来写作呼应“直接写给读者”这一语意，故选D项。10．根据上文“By using plain language, you demonstrate respect for your readers’ time and intelligence.（通过使用通俗易懂的语言，你表现出对读者时间和智慧的尊重。）”提到通过使用通俗易懂的语言的好处。结合选项C项“Thus, it develops positive relationships with them.（因此，它与他们发展了积极的关系。）”中 them，指代的是上文的readers，且和上文内容意思相关，同样介绍其好处，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选C项。C（2024·福建泉州·二模）While most of us work hard to shine at the presentations and speeches we can prepare for, we may find impromptu (即兴的) communication scary. Actually, you just need to learn specific skills to communicate effectively when put on the spot. Here are a few pointers. 11 What do you want your audience to know? How do you want them to feel, and what do you want them to do? Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. Then you can prioritize what to say and choose your exact words more wisely.Organize Your Thoughts. When making formal presentations, most people give a logical structure that audiences can easily follow. But few of us adequately organize thoughts in impromptu situations. 12 In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for example.Listen as well as you talk. 13 You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. Paraphrasing or asking open-ended follow-up questions can help confirm your understanding and provide extra time to think about your response.Dare to be dull. Don’t feel you need to give a standout performance. One popular saying applies here, “ 14 ” Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or a robot. Research shows that the most effective speech includes moderate use of fillers such as “um” and “uh”.The real problem in impromptu communication isn’t an inability to communicate. 15 Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine.A．Identify a communication goal.B．He knows most who speaks least.C．Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.D．It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks.E．We may assume that it’s impossible to do so on the fly.F．A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement.G．Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters.【答案】11．A 12．F 13．G 14．C 15．D【导语】本文是一篇关于即兴沟通技巧的说明文。文章通过提供具体的建议帮助读者在没有准备的情况下有效沟通。11．下文“Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. (拥有一个清晰的目标，加上对听众的了解，将有助于集中你的注意力。)”说明要明确沟通目标并了解听众，空格处需要一个与此相一致的选项，因此A项“Identify a communication goal. (确定一个沟通目标。)”中的关键词goal和本段相符，故选A。12．下文“In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for example. (事实上，最好的演讲者通过展示特定点和想法之间的联系来保持听众兴趣。)”说明优秀的讲话需要有一定的逻辑结构，因此F项“A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement. (清晰的结构增强理解和参与度。)”与下文一致，故选F。13．下文“You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. (你应该做相反的事情：专注于倾听，这样你就能更好地理解对话伙伴的即时需求和兴趣，并更有效地回应。)”说明在谈话中,我们应该更加注重倾听而不是说话,因此G项“Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters. (大多数人在即兴场合过于纠结于该说什么。)”与下文的do the opposite逻辑相符，故选G。14．下文“Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or a robot. (当你像一个人而不是演员或机器人那样说话时，听众更可能信任和赞同你。)”说明想要让对方更加信任自己，我们不应该像机器人那样发挥完美，机械回答，应该更像人类一样，有一些小错误，因此C项“Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good. (不要让完美成为好的敌人。)”与下文相一致，故选C。15．下文“Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine. (幸运的是，一些实验性思考和技能实践可以使即兴演讲机会成为你发光的时刻。)”可知通过这些小技巧，可以让人们在谈话中发挥出色，从而就不会紧张，因此D项“It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks. (正是因为我们太紧张，所以我们在谈话中挣扎。)”与下文相一致，故选D。D（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）In the journey of life, there’s an often ignored hero — labor. Yes, that’s right, good old-fashioned hard work. Whether it’s mowing lawns, babysitting, or washing dishes, the act of laboring not only fills pockets but also shapes characters and molds futures.Let’s face it, we live in a world where instant satisfaction is the norm (标准). But what if we told you that delaying that satisfaction and putting in some good, honest sweat can actually be beneficial? It’s true! 16 17 Imagine a teenager tasked with mowing lawns for a summer job. Suddenly, they’re responsible for showing up on time, doing a thorough job, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that no classroom lecture can match.Moreover, labor breeds (培养) perseverance. 18 Instead of throwing in the towel, they persevere, learning from each setback and growing stronger in the process. This perseverance becomes a cornerstone (基石) for success in all aspects of life.But perhaps the most profound impact of labor is its ability to foster empathy and appreciation. 19 As teenagers serve meals to the less fortunate, they gain a newfound perspective on privilege and gratitude. Suddenly, that new smartphone doesn’t seem as important as lending a helping hand to those in need.In conclusion, labor isn’t just about earning a paycheck but it’s also about shaping character and building a foundation for success. So, the next time you see a teenager sweating it out on a hot summer day, remember — 20 A．Labour is significantly beneficial to health.B．Take, for instance, volunteering at a local soup kitchen.C．labor isn’t just about earning money and training skills.D．First, labor gradually acquires a sense of responsibility.E．Imagine a young adult facing rejection after rejection while job hunting.F．they’re not just mowing lawns, they’re paving their path to a brighter future.G．The process of laboring teaches invaluable lessons that textbooks simply can’t convey.【答案】16．G 17．D 18．E 19．B 20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在人生的旅程中，劳动和劳动技能的培养不仅赚了钱，而且塑造了性格，塑造了未来，这是从书本上不能获得的。16．上文“But what if we told you that delaying that satisfaction and putting in some good, honest sweat can actually be beneficial? It’s true!(但如果我们告诉你，推迟这种满足，投入一些好的、诚实的劳动实际上是有益呢？这是真的！)”是肯定劳动是有好处的，那么下文将说明劳动有哪些好处。选项G“The process of laboring teaches invaluable lessons that textbooks simply can’t convey. (劳动的过程教会了教科书无法传达的宝贵教训。)”符合语境。故选G。17．这是段首句，是标题句。下文“Suddenly, they’re responsible for showing up on time, doing a thorough job, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that no classroom lecture can match. (突然之间，他们很负责，会按时到场，从头到尾多做工作，并管理自己的收人。这些都是任何课堂讲座都无法匹配的生活技能。)”是说明劳动会培养责任感。选项D“First, labor gradually acquires a sense of responsibility (首先，劳动逐渐获得了一种责任感。)”，同时，First与下文的Moreover呼应。故选D。18．根据上文“Moreover, labor breeds perseverance. (此外，劳动还能培养出毅力。)”和下文“Instead of throwing in the towel, they persevere, learning from each setback and growing stronger in the process. This perseverance becomes a cornerstone for success in all aspects of life. (他们没有认输，而是坚持不懈，从每一次挫折中学习，并在这个过程中变得更强大。这种毅力成为了在生活的各个方面取得成功的基石。)”，可知空格处要举例说明劳动如何培养出毅力。选项E“Imagine a young adult facing rejection after rejection while job hunting. (想象一下，一个年轻人在求职时面临被一而再的拒绝。)”符合此语境。故选E。19．根据上文“But perhaps the most profound impact of labor is its ability to foster empathy and appreciation. (但也许劳动最深刻的影响是它培养共情心和欣赏的能力。)”和下文“As teenagers serve meals to the less fortunate, they gain a newfound perspective on privilege and gratitude. (当青少年为不幸的人提供食物时，他们对特权和感激有了一种新的看法。)”，可知空格处引出了如何培养共情心和欣赏的能力的例子，可以承接上文，引出下文。选项B“Take, for instance, volunteering at a local soup kitchen. (以在当地的施粥所做志愿者为例。)”符合此语境。故选B。20．本句是文章尾段的尾句，结合上文“In conclusion, labor isn’t just about earning a paycheck but it’s also about shaping character and building a foundation for success. (总之，劳动不仅仅在于挣钱，还在于塑造性格和为成功奠定基础。)”，可知破折号后对劳动的意义进一步说明，给出了忠告。选项F“So, the next time you see a teenager sweating it out on a hot summer day, remember — they’re not just mowing lawns, they’re paving their path to a brighter future (所以，下次当你看到一个青少年在炎热的夏天大汗淋漓的时候，请记住——他们不只是在修剪草坪，他们还在为通往更光明的未来铺平道路。)”符合语境。故选F。E（23-24高三下·海南省直辖县级单位·开学考试）Some of the oldest living things on our remarkable planet are trees. The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is estimated to be more than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! 21 : individuals across a number of other tree species have also been around for thousands of years.So, how do trees survive for thousands of years? 22 . Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured.The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. In fact, there is quite a debate about whether ancient trees can be considered “immortal (永生的)”. That is, will such trees ever die if they are not killed by an outside force? We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least, 23 . While cell death is an important factor in the aging of humans and other animals, one study found little evidence of cell death in the ginkgo tree vascular cambium (银杏树维管形成层). In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging. 24 .Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity to maintain it, 25 .A．so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep livingB．This is a question that has something to do with the good luck of treesC．However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creaturesD．This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answerE．What’s more, some ancient trees have superior chemical defenses against pests and diseasesF．which means that trees can survive everywhere without being limited by external and internal conditionsG．we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and even other plants age【答案】21．C 22．D 23．G 24．E 25．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了古树寿命长的原因。21．由上文“The record holders are bristlecone pines (狐尾松) of the western United States, quite a few of which are known to be more than 3,000 years old. One individual, discovered in 2012, is estimated to be more than 5,060 years old, making it the oldest known non-clonal tree in the world! (在我们这个非凡的星球上，一些最古老的生物是树木。纪录保持者是美国西部的狐尾松，其中相当一部分的树龄已经超过3000年。2012年发现的一棵树估计有5060多岁，是世界上已知最古老的非克隆树！)”和后文“but also about being a good listener (许多其他树种的个体也已经存在了数千年)”可知，此处表示不是只有狐尾松古老。故C选项“However, bristlecones are certainly not alone in terms of the oldest creatures (然而，就最古老的生物而言，狐尾松肯定不是唯一的)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选C。22．由上文“So, how do trees survive for thousands of years?(那么，树木是如何存活数千年的呢？)”及下文“Undoubtedly, part of the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have obviously not submitted to deadly diseases, pests, fires, droughts, windstorms, landslides, or the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured. (毫无疑问，部分原因在于运气。古树显然没有屈服于致命的疾病，害虫，火灾，干旱，风暴，山体滑坡，或人类的斧头在他们默默地忍受了一个又一个世纪)”可知，树木是如何存活数千年，目前还没有确定的答案。故D选项“This is a fascinating question for biologists that does not yet have a settled answer(对于生物学家来说，这是一个令人着迷的问题，目前还没有一个确定的答案)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。23．由上文“The other part of the answer has to do with how trees age. (答案的另一部分与树木如何老化有关)”可知，本空要说跟“如何老化”有关的话题，和上文“We may never know the answer to that, but, at the very least(我们可能永远不会知道答案，但至少)”可知，前文说不知道的事情，本空说至少知道的一件事，且与“如何老化”有关，故G选项“we know that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different from the ways that most animals and even other plants age (我们知道，古树的衰老方式与大多数动物甚至其他植物的衰老方式截然不同)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。24．由上文“In addition, a study of bristlecone pine pollen (花粉) found no significant increase in mutation (变异) rates with age, which is another factor associated with animal aging. (此外，一项对狐尾松花粉的研究发现，突变率没有随着年龄的增长而显著增加，这是与动物衰老有关的另一个因素)”可知，此处在讲述古树自身所具有的特性，故E选项“What’s more, some ancient trees have superior chemical defenses against pests and diseases (此外，一些古树对病虫害有很好的化学防御能力)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。25．由上文“Older trees benefit greatly from having bodies made mostly of dead woody tissue. In fact, an old tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wood does not require metabolic (新陈代谢的) activity to maintain it, (老树的身体主要由死亡的木质组织构成，这对它们大有好处。事实上，一棵老树的坏死组织可能高达95% ！鉴于它不是活的，木材不需要代谢活动来维持它)”可知，老树不需要新陈代谢，故A选项“so an old tree doesn’t really need to do much to keep living (所以一棵老树其实不需要做什么来维持生命)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。语篇解读主旨概要本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。语言知识词汇默写1. responsibility 2. positive 3. iron 4. boost 5. characteristic词汇答案1. responsibility n. 责任；职责；责任心2. positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；明确的；正面的；正数的；阳性的n. 正面；正数；正片；[语]原级3. iron n. 熨斗；铁；刚强(复）irons: 镣铐.v. 熨；烫adj. 铁的；刚强的4. boost v. 提高；增加；鼓励；举起；为...做宣传n. 增加；推进；鼓励5. characteristic n. 特点；特性；特色adj. 典型的；特有的重点短语1.beat sb up痛打，狠揍，重伤（某人）2. shine through 表现出来长难句分析1.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.句意为：可能是你帮朋友做作业的时候，可能是你没有人要求的情况下熨衣服的时候，也可能是你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。句型分析：该句为复合句，句子的主干为“It might be the time”，其中or连接三个定语从句，分别是“when you helped a friend with their homework”，“when you did the ironing without being asked”和“when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day”。2. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.句意为：这样，你们就可以交流思想，看看是什么让你们每个人与众不同，以及你们个性中表现出来的方方面面。句型分析：该句为复合句，句子主干为“you could exchange thoughts on”，其中宾语从句“what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through”作为介词on的宾语。全文大意作为一个在社交媒体上分享自己艺术之旅的艺术家，我经常被好奇的关注者问到如何开始艺术之旅。不幸的是，我没有“神奇清单”可以提供。不过，我还记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。因此，我整理了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。从小事开始。我建议使用素描本进行简单练习。这些简单练习能够提供灵感，并可能成为未来更复杂作品的跳板。不要扔掉你的初学者作品。你会想回顾自己的旅程，看看自己走了多远。经常绘画，且画生活场景。没有比积累更多绘画经验更好的提升方式了。无论你绘制静物、肖像还是风景，尽可能多地绘制真实生活中的场景。只有这样，你才能培养那种只有通过重复才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆。持续挑战自己，尝试新的事物。走出你的舒适区。艺术的成长有时可能会有些痛苦，但欢迎你加入这个行列；我们都曾经历过。我喜欢接受挑战。我曾经接受过一个挑战，每天创作一幅画并在网上展示一个月。如果你愿意，你还可以分享你的作品。寻求和接受建设性的反馈对于成长至关重要。我会在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并且通过这种方式结识了一些最友善的人。他们让我感到被重视和受尊重，无论我的艺术水平如何。你所走的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路。你会遇到阻碍，有时会感到沮丧。坚持下去，给它时间和努力。你将会收获艺术生活的回报。语言知识词汇默写1. curious 2.follower 3.sketchbook 4.inspiration 5.springboard 6.complex7. brush 8.portrait 9.landscape 10.muscle 11. repetition 12. continually13. challenge 14.artistic 15.painful 16. seek 17. constructive 18. feedback19. crucial 20. roadblock词汇答案1.好奇心 2.追随者 3.素描本 4.灵感 5.跳板 6.复杂的 7.画笔，刷子 8.肖像 9.风景 10.肌肉 11.重复 12.不断地 13.挑战 14.艺术的 15.痛苦的 16.寻求 17.建设性的 18.反馈 19.关键 20.路障重点短语put together 整理，合并 2. throw away 扔掉3. brush miles 绘画经验4. comfort zone 舒适区5. a bit 一点点 6.take on 接受 took up a challenge 接受挑战8. be crucial to sth对...重要 9. in turn 反过来10. feel valued and respected 感到被重视和尊重11.feel discouraged 受挫13. at times 有时15. give it time 耐心等待长难句分析I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner.句意为：不过，我还记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。句型分析：这是一个主从复合句。整个句子的结构为主谓宾，主语I，谓语 remember，宾语是由what引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，it为形式主语，动词为was, 表语为like。其中，what在从句中做like的宾语。 to be a complete beginner为目的状语。