GVC语法、词汇、完形组合练03 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

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第一套
A
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Try New Fruit. The Weirder, the Better.
As a kid, I ften had nsebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat” — especially the lychees, my favrite. It didn’t stp me frm wlfing them dwn 1 the dzen, hwever. After we settled in a suburb f Quebec City, lychees became harder t find, and thus an infrequent treat.
2 I’ve grwn lder, my bsessin with extic fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. 3 natural r genetically mdified, beautiful r misshapen, every new fruit expands my understanding f the wrld and enriches my experience within it. Just when I think I have encuntered every natural smell, a fruit named lul appears at my favrite stre. Part pineapple juice and part rhubarb-flavred gummy, it’s a scent s rare that I’d rather believe it was picked frm a fd scientist’s imaginatin 4 accept that it just happens t grw in sme peple’s backyards.
There’s a line in a Jack Gilbert pem that has inhabited a crner in my brain since I was a teenager. “What lasted is what the sul ate; the way a child knws the wrld is by putting it part by part int his muth.” I think f the line 5 I prepare t eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance t be reunited with my inner child, t be left wide-eyed as I get t knw it, part by part. Fr me, the experience is n less expansive than seeing the cean fr the first time. Yu catch yurself 6 (wnder) what else this wrld has been hiding and what beauty it’s capable f. 7 tasked with naming these fruits appear t be equally under a spell, prducing simple yet charming names like ice cream bean and dragn fruit.
Mst fruits I try nly a cuple f times, but there’s ne t 8 I keep returning: the sursp (刺果番荔枝). At ripeness, it tastes like a wnderful cmbinatin f banana, strawberry and papaya. 9 (wait) just ne mre day, thugh, and it starts t brwn, emitting a smell that registers mre like feet than fruit.
This rapid decaying actually cmfrts me. An appraching expiratin date is nly encuragement 10 (taste) these jys as they cme. We, t, will sn wake up and find ur bdies sftened and bruised. Will we have let ur sweetest days g t waste?
【答案】
1．by 2．As 3．Whether 4．than 5．when 6．wndering 7．Thse 8．which 9．Wait 10．t taste
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了打小喜欢荔枝的作者在成年后对异国水果更加喜欢，这些水果使他拓展了对世界的了解，丰富了他的经验，甚至还让他有了“趁着还没老去，珍惜美好当下”的人生感悟。
1．考查介词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止我把它们一打一打地吞下去。by the dzen“按打计算”，固定短语，故填by。
2．考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我对异国水果的痴迷越来越强烈——越奇怪越好。结合句意可知，此处指“随着年龄的增长”，使用as引导时间状语从句，首字母应大写，故填As。
3．考查固定短语。句意：无论是天然的还是转基因的，美丽的还是畸形的，每一种新的水果都扩展了我对世界的理解，丰富了我对世界的体验。结合句意及“r”可知，此处是固定短语whether…r…，表示“无论是……还是……”，首字母应大写，故填Whether。
4．考查固定短语。句意：一部分是菠萝汁，一部分是大黄味的软糖，这种气味非常罕见，我宁愿相信它是从食品科学家的想象中挑选出来的，也不愿接受它碰巧生长在某些人的后院。wuld rather d than d“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故填than。
5．考查状语从句。句意：当我准备吃一个新水果时，我想到了这句话。结合句意可知，此处指“当我准备吃一个新水果时”，使用when引导时间状语从句，故填when。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：你发现自己在想这个世界还隐藏了什么，它还能有什么美丽。空处是宾补，wnder和宾语yurself之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补，故填wndering。
7．考查代词。句意：那些负责给这些水果命名的人似乎也同样被施了魔法，想出了简单而迷人的名字，比如冰淇淋豆和火龙果。空处作主语，结合句意可知，此处指“那些负责给这些水果命名的人”，使用代词thse，首字母应大写，故填Thse。
8．考查定语从句。句意：大多数水果我只尝过几次，但有一种水果我总是吃，那就是刺果番荔枝。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是ne，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词which引导，故填which。
9．考查祈使句。句意：不过，再等一天，它就开始变成褐色，散发出一种更像脚的气味，而不是水果的味道。此处是祈使句，以动词原形开头，首字母应大写，故填Wait。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个即将到来的截止日期只会鼓励你在这些快乐到来时品尝它们。encuragement后使用动词不定式作后置定语，故填t taste。
B
【来源】上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期月考英语试题
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Technlgy Is Secretly Stealing Yur Time. Here’s Hw t Get It Back
Technlgy is suppsed t simplify ur lives. Smartphnes prvide a palm-size windw n the wrld, enabling us t d almst anything with a mere 11 . Smart hmes manage themselves, and virtual meetings mean that cmmuting is a thing f the past fr many. S, we shuld have mre time t sleep, relax r simply enjy a mment f ding nthing, right?
Hwever, grwing evidence suggests that while digital technlgy indeed helps us save sme time, we ften end up using that saved time t d mre things. An interview with peple acrss Eurpe revealed that previusly “empty” mments, such as waiting fr a bus r lying in bed, are nw filled with 12 activities.
The grwth in digital tasks is partly due t hw technlgy is changing ur 13 f free time. Fr many peple, it is n lnger enugh t simply eat dinner, watch TV r maybe d an exercise class. Instead, in an attempt t avid “wasting” time, they ften d these activities while brwsing the Web in search f the 14 fr a perfect life and a sense f achievement.
These changes are als thught t be 15 wrk. Hme and hybrid (混合的) wrking, enabled by vide cnferencing technlgy, have blurred the bundaries between wrk time and persnal time. With the ffice nw just a rm away, it is tempting t think, “I’ll last finish this up after putting the kids t bed.”
Digital technlgies are speeding up the pace f life, but 16 technlgy can als frce us t d mre wrk because f the inefficiency that it creates. We have all encuntered the frustratin f entering data int system A nly t find that it des nt 17 with system B, frcing us t reenter the same infrmatin in bth.
By ding mre, we may end up achieving less and feeling wrse. T break free f the habit f filling time with mre and mre tasks, we need t first accept that smetimes it is kay t d less r nthing at all.
In the wrk envirnment, emplyers and emplyees alike need t create an envirnment in which 18 is acceptable. This means setting realistic expectatins abut what can be achieved in a typical wrkday.
Mrever, technlgy itself may hld the key t 19 ur time. Imagine if, instead f telling yu t stand up and mve arund (yet anther task), yur smartwatch reminded yu t stp wrking because yu had reached yur 20 wrk hurs. Perhaps when technlgy starts t tell us t d less, we will finally be able t regain cntrl f ur time.
【答案】
11．B 12．E 13．A 14．I 15．J 16．K 17．D 18．H 19．C 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科技正在偷偷地偷走你的时间，文章介绍了如何找回它的方法。
11．考查名词。句意：智能手机提供了一个手掌大小的世界窗口，让我们只需轻轻一点就能做几乎任何事情。with后接名词作宾语，tap“轻拍”符合句意，冠词a提示该名词用单数形式。故填B。
12．考查形容词。句意：一项对欧洲各地人们的采访显示，以前“空”的时刻，比如等公交车或躺在床上，现在都被科技驱动的活动填满了。形容词作定语，结合上文提到人们通过智能手机掌握正在发生的事情可知，形容词tech-driven“技术驱动的”符合句意。故填E。
13．考查名词。句意：数字任务的增长部分是由于技术正在改变我们对空闲时间的看法。名词作宾语，根据下文“ Fr many peple, it is n lnger enugh t simply eat dinner, watch TV r maybe d an exercise class.”可知，人们对时间的看法发生了改变，名词perceptin“看法”符合句意。 故填A。
14．考查名词。句意：相反，为了避免“浪费”时间，他们经常一边做这些活动，一边浏览网页，寻找完美生活的要素和成就感。词作宾语，ingredients“成分，要素”符合句意。故填I。
15．考查动词。句意：这些变化也被认为加剧了工作。根据下文“Hme and hybrid (混合的) wrking, enabled by vide cnferencing technlgy, have blurred the bundaries between wrk time and persnal time.”可知，动词intensifying“强化”符合句意，本句为动词不定式的进行时t be ding 。 故填J。
16．考查形容词。句意：数字技术加快了生活节奏，但设计糟糕的技术也会迫使我们做更多的工作，因为它造成了效率低下。形容词作定语，根据上文“Digital technlgies are speeding up the pace f life”和表示转折意义的but可知，形容词prly-designed“设计糟糕的”符合句意。故填K。
17．考查动词。句意：我们都遇到过这样的挫折：将数据输入系统A，却发现它与系统B不能整合，迫使我们在两个系统中重新输入相同的信息。des nt后接动词原形，根据下文“frcing us t reenter the same infrmatin in bth”可知，此处是指两个系统不能整合，因从动词integrate “整合”符合句意。 故填D。
18．考查名词。句意：在工作环境中，雇主和雇员都需要创造一个可以接受断开连接的环境。名词做主语，根据上文“T break free f the habit f filling time with mre and mre tasks, we need t first accept that smetimes it is kay t d less r nthing at all.”可知，此处指不要把工作带到日常生活的各个场景，即断开连接，因此名词discnnectin“断开”符合句意。 故填H。
19．考查动词。句意：此外，技术本身可能掌握着重新获得我们时间的关键。上文讲述了如何用科技中找时间，结合mrever可知，此处也是关于用技术找回时间，动词reclaiming“重新获得”符合句意，介词t后用其动名词形式。故填C。
20．考查形容词。句意：想象一下，如果你的智能手表不是告诉你站起来四处走动(又是一项任务)，而是提醒你停止工作，因为你已经达到了合同规定的工作时间。形容词作定语，根据“yur smartwatch reminded yu t stp wrking”可知，此处是指智能手表提示已经完成了工作日，即达到合同规定的工作时间，因此形容词cntracted“规定的”符合句意。故填F。
C
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
Better diagnses. Persnalized supprt fr patients. Faster drug discvery. Greater efficiency. Artificial intelligence (AD) is generating excitement and hyperble (夸张) everywhere, but in the field f health care it has the ptential t be 21 . In Eurpe analysts predict that deplying AI culd save hundreds f thusands f lives each year; in America, they say, it culd als save mney, shaving $200 t $360 billin frm verall annual medical spending, nw $4.5 trillin a year (r 17% f GDP). Frm smart stethscpes (听诊器) and rbt surgens t the analysis f large data sets r the ability t chat t a medical AI with a human face, pprtunities 22 .
There is already evidence that AI systems can enhance 23 accuracy and disease tracking, imprve the predictin f patients’ utcmes and suggest better treatments. It can als bst efficiency in hspitals and surgeries by 24 tasks such as medical transcriptin and mnitring patients, and by streamlining administratin. It may already be 25 the time it takes fr new drugs t reach clinical trials. New tls, including generative AI, culd supercharge these abilities. Yet as ur Technlgy Quarterly this week shws, 26 AI has been used in health care fr many years, integratin has been slw and the results have ften been f average standard.
There are gd and bad reasns fr this. The gd reasns are that health care demands high evidentiary 27 when intrducing new tls, t prtect patients’ safety. The bad reasns invlve data, regulatin and incentives. Overcming them culd hld lessns fr AI in ther fields.
AI systems learn by prcessing huge vlumes f data, smething health-care prviders have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules cntrl its use. Gvernments recgnize that patients want their medical 28 prtected. But patients als want better and mre persnalized care. Each year rughly 800,000 Americans suffer frm pr medical decisin- making.
Imprving accuracy and reducing 29 in AI tls requires them t be trained n large data sets that reflect patients’ full diversity. Finding secure ways t allw health data t mve mre freely wuld help. But it culd benefit patients, t: they shuld be given the right t 30 their wn recrds in a digital frmat. Cnsumer-health firms are already making use f data frm wearables, with varying success. 31 patients’ recrds wuld let peple make fuller use f their data and take mre respnsibility fr their health.
Anther prblem is managing and 32 these innvatins. In many cuntries the gvernance f AI in health, as in ther areas, is struggling t keep up with the rapid pace f innvatin. Regulatry authrities may be slw t apprve new AI tls r may lack capacity and expertise. Gvernments need t 33 regulatrs assessing new AI tls. They als need t fill regulatry gaps in the surveillance f adverse events, and in the cntinuus mnitring f algrithms t ensure they remain accurate, safe, effective and transparent.
That will be hard. One slutin wuld be fr cuntries t wrk tgether, t learn frm each ther and create minimum glbal standards. A less 34 internatinal regulatry system wuld als help create a market in which small cmpanies can innvate. Prer cuntries, with less develped health infrastructure, have much t gain frm intrducing new tls, such as an AI-pwered prtable ultrasund device fr bstetrics. Because the 35 t an AI tl is ften n treatment at all, they may even be able t leapfrg the entrenched health systems f rich cuntries — thugh a lack f data, cnnectivity and cmputing pwer will get in the way.
21．A．transfrmatinalB．exaggerated
C．infrmativeD．capitalized
22．A．ppularizeB．dminateC．utstandD．flurish
23．A．technlgicalB．administrativeC．diagnsticD．theretical
24．A．getting intB．taking nC．breaking thrughD．hanging ut
25．A．speedingB．devtingC．budgetingD．killing
26．A．wheneverB．sinceC．unlessD．althugh
27．A．certificatesB．barriersC．interventinsD．qualificatins
28．A．interestB．insuranceC．symptmD．privacy
29．A．rumrsB．misfrtunesC．biasD．defeats
30．A．accessB．clarifyC．investigateD．preserve
31．A．ChrnlgicalB．AuthenticC．PrtableD．Dcumentary
32．A．advancingB．explitingC．resistingD．regulating
33．A．dismissB．anticipateC．facilitateD．stimulate
34．A．exclusiveB．prblematicC．cmplexD．indulgent
35．A．cunterpartB．alternativeC．rivalD．cntrary
【答案】
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．C 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力、挑战以及如何克服这些挑战以实现更好的医疗服务。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能在各个领域引发了巨大热情和夸张宣传，但在医疗领域却具有变革的潜力。A. transfrmatinal变革的；B. exaggerated夸张的；C. infrmative信息量大的；D. capitalized资本化的。根据上文“Better diagnses. Persnalized supprt fr patients. Faster drug discvery. Greater efficiency.”可知，人工智能在医疗保健领域可以做出很多改进，所以这里表示它有变革性的潜力。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从智能听诊器、机器人外科医生，到大型数据集的分析，或是与拥有人类面孔的医疗人工智能进行聊天的能力，机会不断涌现、繁荣发展。A. ppularize普及；B. dminate统治；C. utstand突出；D. flurish繁荣。根据上文“Artificial intelligence is generating excitement and hyperble everywhere, but in the field f health care it has the ptential t be __1__. In Eurpe analysts predict that deplying AI culd save hundreds f thusands f lives each year; in America, they say, it culd als save mney, shaving $200 t $360 billin frm verall annual medical spending, nw $4.5 trillin a year (r 17% f GDP).”可知，人工智能在医疗保健领域有变革性的潜力，所以机会的发展和出现是繁荣的体现。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已经有证据表明，人工智能系统可以提高诊断准确性和疾病追踪能力，改善对患者预后的预测，并提出更好的治疗方案。A. technlgical技术的；B. administrative管理的；C. diagnstic诊断的；D. theretical理论的。根据下文“accuracy and disease tracking, imprve the predictin f patients’ utcmes and suggest better treatments”可知，人工智能对诊断准确性的提升。故选C。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过接手医学抄写和病人监测等任务，并通过简化管理，AI可以提高医院和手术的效率。A. getting int进入；B. taking n承担；C. breaking thrugh突破；D. hanging ut闲逛。根据上文“It can als bst efficiency in hspitals and surgeries”可知，AI通过承担任务提高效率。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能已经加快了新药进入临床试验的时间。A. speeding加速；B. devting奉献；C. budgeting预算；D. killing杀死。根据下文“New tls, including generative AI, culd supercharge these abilities.”可知，包括生成式AI在内的新工具可以极大地增强这些能力，所以AI可以通过提升效率来加速进程。故选A。
26．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，正如我们本周的技术季刊所示，尽管AI在医疗保健领域已经使用了多年，但整合速度缓慢，结果往往只是平均水平。A. whenever无论何时；B. since自从；C. unless除非；D. althugh尽管。根据上文“et as ur Technlgy Quarterly this week shws”以及下文“AI has been used in health care fr many years, integratin has been slw and the results have ften been f average standard.”可知，前后语境有对比转折关系。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的原因是，医疗保健在引入新工具时要求有高证明标准，以保障患者安全。A. certificates证书；B. barriers障碍；C. interventins干预；D. qualificatins资格。根据下文“when intrducing new tls, t prtect patients’ safety.”可知，医疗工具需要高标准的证明。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府认识到患者希望他们的医疗隐私得到保护。A. interest利益；B. insurance保险；C. symptm症状；D. privacy隐私。根据上文“AI systems learn by prcessing huge vlumes f data, smething health-care prviders have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules cntrl its use.”可知，AI系统通过处理大量数据来学习，而医疗保健提供者拥有大量的数据。但是，医疗数据高度分散，并且受到严格规则的控制。政府认识到患者不愿意分享的正是其隐私。故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提高AI工具的准确性和减少偏见需要它们在反映患者多样性的大型数据集上进行训练。A. rumrs 谣言；B. misfrtunes 不幸；C. bias 偏见；D. defeats 失败。根据上文“Imprving accuracy”以及下文“in AI tls requires them t be trained n large data sets that reflect patients’ full diversity.”可知，通过在大型数据集上进行训练，可以反映患者的全面多样性，从而减少偏见。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们应该被赋予以数字格式获取自己记录的权利。A. access获取；B. clarify 澄清；C. investigate调查；D. preserve保存。根据上文“Finding secure ways t allw health data t mve mre freely wuld help”以及“they shuld be given the right”可知，找到安全的方法让健康数据更自由地流动会有所帮助，因此这里表示患者应该有权获取自己的健康数据。故选A。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可携带的患者记录可以让人们更充分地利用他们的数据，并对自己的健康承担更多责任。A. Chrnlgical年代的；B. Authentic真实的；C. Prtable 可携带的；D. Dcumentary记录的。根据上文“they shuld be given the right t access their wn recrds in a digital frmat”可知，患者有权获取自己的健康数据，可携带的患者的记录将使人们能够更充分地利用这些数据。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个问题是管理和规管这些创新。A. advancing提升；B. expliting利用；C. resisting抵制；D. regulating规管。根据下文“In many cuntries the gvernance f AI in health, as in ther areas, is struggling t keep up with the rapid pace f innvatin.”可知，这里指的是管理和监管这些创新。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：政府需要为评估新AI工具的监管机构提供便利。A. dismiss解雇；B. anticipate预料；C. facilitate促进；D. stimulate刺激。根据上文“Regulatry authrities may be slw t apprve new AI tls r may lack capacity and expertise.”以及下文“They als need t fill regulatry gaps in the surveillance f adverse events, and in the cntinuus mnitring f algrithms t ensure they remain accurate, safe, effective and transparent.”可知，监管机构可能行动缓慢或缺乏能力和专业知识，因此政府需要促进监管机构评估新的人工智能工具。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。 句意：一个不太复杂的国际监管体系也将有助于创造小公司可以创新的市场。A. exclusive排外的；B. prblematic有问题的；C. cmplex复杂的；D. indulgent放纵的。根据上文“One slutin wuld be fr cuntries t wrk tgether, t learn frm each ther and create minimum glbal standards.”以及下文“internatinal regulatry system wuld als help create a market in which small cmpanies can innvate.”可知，一个解决方案是各国合作，相互学习并创建最低全球标准。所以不太复杂的国际监管体系将有助于创造一个让小公司能够创新的市场。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为对于人工智能工具的使用往往意味着根本没有其他治疗方法可供选择，所以他们甚至可能能够超越富裕国家根深蒂固的医疗体系 —— 尽管缺乏数据、连通性和计算能力会阻碍这一进程。A. cunterpart对应物；B. alternative替代物；C. rival竞争者；D. cntrary相反。根据下文“they may even be able t leapfrg the entrenched health systems f rich cuntries — thugh a lack f data, cnnectivity and cmputing pwer will get in the way.”可知，另一选择是没有使用AI工具，强调的是替代选择。故选B。
第二套
A
【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Nt S Fast
The 5:2 diet ffers five days f nrmal eating “with little thught t calrie cntrl” t every tw days f near fasting, when yu eat a quarter f yur recmmended daily calrie intake, 1 wrks ut as 500 calries fr wmen and 600 fr men. Nt nly is the cncept f 5:2 easy 2 (grasp), it’s als a manageable apprach. Gt a client dinner r a birthday lunch? N prblem. “Frm this pint f view, the 5:2 diet is very gd,” says nutritinist Sue Baic. “There’s gd evidence t supprt it. It’s nt fr everyne — say, if yu’ve gt a histry f eating disrders — but generally it fits in with mdern life. And psychlgically, yu knw yu’ re nt being t strict with 3 .
Hwever, research published in 2005 shwed that fr lng-term weight-lss success, a cnsistent diet apprach was mre successful. Participants wh reprted a cnsistent diet 4 the week were 1. 5 times mre likely t maintain their weight within 2.2kg ver the next year than thse wh dieted mre strictly n weekdays. S it 5 wrk in the shrt term, but cnsistency, it seems, will keep yu in the healthy eating game fr a lnger time. And a 2014 review by researchers at the University f Illinis fund that daily calrie restrictin is still a mre effective means f lsing weight than fasting. “ 6 (reduce) calrie intake belw energy cnsumptin and yur diet will be successful,” explains Baic. 7 yu’ve grasped this, it’s a mental game.
Mindfulness in weight lss is a(n) 8 (grw) area f research. It has lng been the thery behind 9 (guide) diet plans, which encurage fllwers t attend lcal grups. Accrding t Baic, these have impressive success rates. “Diet prgrammes like Weight Watchers, Slimming Wrld and Rsemary Cnley give really gd, evidence-based advice and ffer supprt, s there’s a psychlgical side t it as well,” she says.
In 2012, Dr Brian Wansink at Crnell University launched the Natinal Mindless Eating Challenge, which examined the difference in behaviur f successful and unsuccessful dieters. Mindfulness, r being aware f 10 yu’re eating, was a key factr in the success stries.
【答案】
1．which 2．t grasp 3．yurself 4．acrss/thrughut 5．may 6．Reduce 7．Once/If 8．grwing 9．guided 10．what
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了5:2饮食法及其特点，同时指出长期减重成功需持续稳定的饮食方法，还强调了正念饮食在减重中的重要性，并提到了相关研究。
1．考查定语从句。句意：5:2饮食法提供五天正常饮食“几乎不考虑卡路里控制”，每两天近乎禁食一次，此时你吃的是你建议的每日卡路里摄入量的四分之一，对女性来说是500卡路里，对男性来说是600卡路里。“_____ wrks ut as 500 calries fr wmen and 600 fr men”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a quarter f yur recmmended daily calrie intake，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：5:2的概念不仅容易理解，而且也是一种可行的方法。nt nly置于句首，引起部分倒装，系动词is被置于主语the cncept f 5:2之前，原句语序为： cncept f 5:2 is easy _____ (grasp)为固定搭配；又因“主语+ be + adj. + t d…”为固定句型，该句型中形容词表明主语的特征或性质，句中动词不定式与主语之间存在动宾关系。本句中easy表明主语the cncept f 5:2的特征，动词grasp(理解)与主语是动宾关系，适用该固定句型。故填t grasp。
3．考查反身代词。句意：从心理上来说，你知道你对自己不会太严格。根据句意，“你对你自己没有太严格”，主语和宾语一致，用反身代词yurself作宾语。故填yurself。
4．考查介词。句意：报告一周内饮食一致的参与者在接下来的一年里将体重保持在2.2公斤以内的可能性是那些在工作日节食更严格的参与者的1.5倍。根据句意，表示“一周内”，可用介词acrss或者thrughut，意为“自始至终，贯穿整个时期”，强调整个一周。故填acrss/thrughut。
5．考查情态动词。句意：所以，它可能在短期内有效，但看起来，一致性会让你在健康饮食的道路上坚持更长时间。根据后文“but cnsistency, it seems, will keep yu in the healthy eating game fr a lnger time”可知，它“可能”在短期内有效，应用情态动词may，表示可能性。故填may。
6．考查固定句型。句意：“减少卡路里摄入量低于能量消耗，你的饮食就会成功，”Baic解释道。句中使用了“祈使句+and+陈述句”固定句型，意为“如果……，就……”，其中祈使句部分相当于一个条件状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Reduce。
7．考查连词。句意：一旦/如果你掌握了这一点，这就是一场心理游戏。根据句意，“yu’ve grasped this”是“it’s a mental game”的条件，用连词nce或者if引导条件状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Once/If。
8．考查形容词。句意：正念减肥是一个不断增长的研究领域。提示词修饰名词area，用形容词grwing作定语，意为“增加的；增长的”。故填grwing。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它一直是指导饮食计划背后的理论，这些计划鼓励追随者参加当地的团体。提示词guide(指导)修饰名词词组diet plans，作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语diet plans之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填guided。
10．考查宾语从句。句意：正念，或者意识到你在吃什么，是成功故事中的一个关键因素。“_____ yu’re eating”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“吃什么”，用连接代词what引导从句，作宾语。故填what。
B
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A basic weakness in a cnservatin system based whlly n ecnmic mtives is that mst members f the land cmmunity have n ecnmic value. Yet, these creatures are members f the bitic(生物的) cmmunity and, if its stability depends n its integrity, they are 11 t existence.
When ne f these nnecnmic categries is in 12 danger and, if we happen t lve it, we invent excuses t give it ecnmic imprtance. During the early 1900s, sngbirds were suppsed t be disappearing. Scientists jumped t the rescue with 13 shaky evidence t the effect that insects wuld eat us up if birds failed t cntrl them. The evidence had t be ecnmic t be valid.
A 14 situatin exists in respect f predatry mammals. Time was when bilgists smewhat verwrked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health f 15 by killing the physically weak, r that they prey nly n “wrthless” species. It is nly in recent years that we hear the mre hnest argument that predatrs are members f the cmmunity, and that n special interest has the right t kill them fr the sake f a benefit, real r 16 , t itself.
Sme species f trees have been “excluded frm the party” by ecnmics-minded fresters because they grw t slwly r have t lw a sale value t pay as 17 crps. In Eurpe, where frestry is eclgically mre advanced, the nncmmercial tree species are recgnized as members f native frest cmmunity, t be preserved as such, within reasn. Mrever, sme have been fund t have a valuable rle in building up sil fertility. The interdependence f the frest and its 18 species and grund plants and animals is taken fr granted.
T sum up, a system f cnservatin based slely n ecnmic self-interest is hpelessly unjust. It tends t ignre, and thus 19 t eliminate, many elements in the land cmmunity that lack cmmercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the ecnmic parts f the bitic cmmunity will wrk withut the unecnmic parts, which are nevertheless essential t its healthy 20 .
【答案】
11．J 12．F 13．K 14．H 15．E 16．C 17．I 18．A 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了完全基于经济动机的保护系统并不利于生态保护，无论物种是否能够给人类带来经济价值，它们都有生存权利。
11．考查动词。句意：然而，这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果其稳定性取决于其完整性，它们就有权生存。根据上文中的“mst members f the land cmmunity have n ecnmic value”和句中的“these creatures are members f the bitic(生物的) cmmunity and, if its stability depends n its integrity”可知，大部分生物是没有经济价值的，但这些生物都是整个生物群落的一部分，如果这个群落的稳定性是以其完整性为基础的，那么所有生物都有权生存下去。entitle意为“使有权利，使有资格”，为及物动词，空前有are，entitle和they之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选J。
12．考查形容词。句意：当一个无经济价值的物种处于严重危险之中，如果我们碰巧喜欢它，我们就会编造借口赋予它经济重要性。空处应用形容词，修饰danger。in danger意为“处于危险之中”。根据下文中的“sngbirds were suppsed t be disappearing”可知，这里表示处于严重危险之中，grave意为“严重的”。故选F。
13．考查副词。句意：科学家们急忙救助，针对影响提出明显不可靠的证据，大意是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫，昆虫会吃掉我们。空处用副词，修饰shaky。根据上文中的“if we happen t lve it, we invent excuses t give it ecnmic imprtance”和句中的“insects wuld eat us up if birds failed t cntrl them”可知，我们会编造借口去拯救那些没有经济价值但受人类喜欢的物种，这里编造的关于鸟的理由明显不可靠。distinctly意为“清楚地，明显地”。故选K。
14．考查形容词。句意：捕食性哺乳动物也存在类似的情况。空处应用形容词，修饰situatin。上文讲述了关于鸟的例子，这里讲述了捕食性哺乳动物的类似情况。parallel意为“相似的”。故选H。
15．考查名词。句意：过去，生物学家有点过度研究这些证据：这些生物通过杀死身体虚弱的动物来保护猎物健康，或者它们只捕食“无用”的物种。空处用名词作介词f的宾语。根据空前的“these creatures preserve the health f”和空后的“by killing the physically weak”可知，这些生物捕食体弱者，以便保护猎物种群的健康。game意为“猎物”。故选E。
16．考查形容词。句意：直到最近几年，我们才听到比较诚实的观点，即捕食性动物是群落的成员，没有任何特殊利益集团有权为了自己的利益而杀死它们，无论是真实的还是虚构的。根据空前的“real r”可知，空处应用形容词fancied，意为“虚构的”，表示无论是真实的还是虚构的。故选C。
17．考查形容词。句意：一些树种被有经济头脑的林学家“排除在外”，因为它们生长太慢或销售价值太低而无法作为经济作物创收。空处应用形容词，修饰crps。根据句中的“have t lw a sale value t pay”可知，这些树种销售价值低，无法作为经济作物创收。cash意为“金钱”,crash crp“经济作物”。故选I。
18．考查形容词。句意：森林及其组成物种和地面动植物的相互依存被认为是理所当然的。根据空前的“the frest”和空后的“species”可知，这里指组成森林的物种。cnstituent意为“组成的，构成的”。故选A。
19．考查副词。句意：它往往忽视并最终消除土地群落中缺乏商业价值的许多部分。空处用副词，修饰“t eliminate”。根据空前的“ignre, and thus”和空后的“t eliminate”可知，这里表示忽视并最终消除，强调过程。ultimately意为“最终”。故选B。
20．考查动名词。句意：它错误地认为，生物群落的经济部分将在没有无经济价值部分的情况下运转，而无经济价值部分对其健康运作至关重要。根据“the ecnmic parts f the bitic cmmunity will wrk withut the unecnmic parts”可知，这里指无经济价值的物种对生物群落的健康运转很重要。functining意为“运转”，是动词functin的动名词形式。故选D。
C
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
Hw t take criticism well
We all lve t criticize. Unfrtunately, we als hate being criticized. We pst and cmment n thers with 21 but feel aggrieved it the way thers assess us, bth nline and in persn. The wrld seems unlikely t change anytime sn. 22 , thugh, each f us can change hw we take criticism, in ways that will make us mre 23 t taking ffense, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
Criticism can include 24 , but that isn’t what cncerns us here. What vexes us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined, s called 25 criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t hurt r damage.
Criticism f either type is intrinsically hard t accept because f the way ur brains prcess it. Neurscientists said that criticism stimulates the regins f the brain invlved in 26 cgnitin mre than thse in cgnitin cntrl itself. Fr instance, when smene says yur wrk isn’t gd enugh, yur natural first thught may be They must nt like me, rather than What can I d t imprve it? In ther wrds, the recipient f criticism might be attempting t understand the beliefs and feelings f the critic rather than 27 the criticism itself.
The nly way t 28 in it, and despite it, is t adpt new habits f getting critical feedback. When receiving criticism, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur 29 abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less 30 when perfrming tasks. The slutin is t set up an internal affirmatin such as: “I dn’t care what this feedback says abut the persn giving it, and I chse nt t see it as a persnal attack n me. I will assess it 31 abut the matter at hand.” This mves the fcus frm 32 t analysis and enables yu t judge the infrmatin n its merits (r lack theref).
Once yu 33 criticism in this way, yu can start t see it fr what it is: a rare glimpse int what utsiders think abut yur perfrmance, and thus a ptential pprtunity t crrect 34 and imprve. Studies f student perfrmance have shwn that thse wh learn t use feedback 35 tend t get better grades and have better study habits. If this desn’t cme easily t yu, ne way t develp the grit t d s is t ask friends r clleagues whm yu like and trust t frm a critics’ circle, reviewing ne anther’s wrk and giving hnest suggestins.
21．A．cautinB．abandnC．patienceD．satisfactin
22．A．CnsequentlyB．IndeedC．FrtunatelyD．Instead
23．A．accustmedB．alertC．immuneD．ready
24．A．perspectivesB．cmmentsC．attacksD．cmpliments
25．A．cnstructiveB．leadingC．bjectiveD．hnest
26．A．innerB．scialC．cllectiveD．individual
27．A．assessingB．rejectingC．dubtingD．ignring
28．A．integrateB．thriveC．withdrawD．persevere
29．A．intellectualB．innvativeC．inherentD．invaluable
30．A．relianceB．appreciatinC．attentinD．persistence
31．A．n its faceB．under its nseC．in its eyesD．n its back
32．A．emtinB．judgementC．criticismD．cgnitin
33．A．internalizeB．depersnalizeC．standardizeD．neutralize
34．A．causeB．cnflictC．curseD．cnfusin
35．A．activelyB．cntinuuslyC．frequentlyD．extensively
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了批评对我们的影响以及我们应该如何正确地对待批评。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们随心所欲地发贴和评论别人，但对别人评价我们的方式感到委屈，无论是在网上还是在现实生活中。A. cautin谨慎；B. abandn放任，放纵；C. patience耐心；D. satisfactin满意。根据上文“We all lve t criticize.”提到我们喜欢评论，以及下文“but feel aggrieved it the way thers assess us, bth nline and in persn.”由此可知，此处应表示我们随心所欲地发贴和评论别人。故选B项。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变对待批评的方式，使我们更不容易被冒犯，并能更好地从反馈中受益——即使是负面的反馈。A. Cnsequently因此；B. Indeed的确；C. Frtunately幸运的是；D. Instead相反的是。根据下文“in ways that will make us mre ___3___ t taking ffense, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative”提到从反馈中受益，由此可知，此处应表示幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变对待批评的方式。故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变对待批评的方式，使我们更不容易被冒犯，并能更好地从反馈中受益——即使是负面的反馈。A. accustmed习惯的，适应的；B. alert警觉的；C. immune免疫的，不受影响的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文“and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative”可知，此处应表示使我们更不容易被冒犯，并能更好地从反馈中受益——即使是负面的反馈。故选C项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：批评可以包括赞美，但这不是我们所关心的。A. perspectives看法；B. cmments评论；C. attacks攻击；D. cmpliments赞美。根据下文“but that isn’t what cncerns us here”和“What vexes us is criticism f the negative variety”提到让我们烦恼的是消极的批评，可知，此处应表示批评可以包括赞美，但这不是我们所关心的。故选D项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让我们烦恼的是消极的批评，即使是善意的，也就是所谓的建设性批评，这意味着提供指导，让我们能够改进。A. cnstructive建设性的；B. leading领先的；C. bjective客观的；D. hnest诚实的。根据下文“which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve”可知，此处应表示建设性批评，这意味着提供指导，让我们能够改进。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：神经学家说，批评对大脑中与社会认知有关的区域的刺激比认知控制本身的区域更大。A. inner内部的；B. scial社会的；C. cllective集体的；D. individual个人的。根据下文“Fr instance, when smene says yur wrk isn’t gd enugh, yur natural first thught may be They must nt like me, rather than What can I d t imprve it?”提到社会关系，由此可知，此处应表示批评对大脑中与社会认知有关的区域的刺激比认知控制本身的区域更大。故选B项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，批评的接受者可能会试图理解批评者的信念和感受，而不是评估批评本身。A. assessing评估；B. rejecting拒绝；C. dubting怀疑；D. ignring忽视。根据上文“the recipient f criticism might be attempting t understand the beliefs and feelings f the critic”可知，此处应表示批评的接受者可能会试图理解批评者的信念和感受，而不是评估批评本身。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，要想在这种情况下茁壮成长，唯一的办法就是养成接受批评反馈的新习惯。A. integrate整合；B. thrive茁壮成长；C. withdraw提取；D. persevere坚持。根据句意以及下文“is t adpt new habits f getting critical feedback”可知，此处应表示要想在这种情况下茁壮成长，唯一的办法就是养成接受批评反馈的新习惯。故选B项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当接受批评时，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们内在能力的评判，而不是对我们表现的评判。A. intellectual智力的；B. innvative革新的；C. inherent内在的，固有的；D. invaluable无价的。根据下文“rather than n ur perfrmance.”和“Viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth”提到把批评看作是对一个人能力的评判，会导致自我价值感降低，由此可知，此处应表示当接受批评时，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们内在能力的评判。故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：将批评视为对自己能力的评判，会导致自我价值感降低，积极情绪降低，在完成任务时毅力下降。A. reliance依赖；B. appreciatin感激；C. attentin注意；D. persistence毅力。根据上文“lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md” 以及下文“when perfrming tasks”可知，此处应表示在完成任务时毅力下降。故选D项。
31．考查固定短语辨析。句意：对于眼前的事情，我只是从表面评估一下。A. n its face从表面上看；B. under its nse在它眼皮底下；C. in its eyes在它眼里；D. n its back在背上。根据下文“abut the matter at hand”可知，此处应表示对于眼前的事情，只是就事论事评估一下。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将注意力从情感转移到分析，使你能够判断信息的优点（或缺点）。A. emtin情绪；B. judgement判断；C. criticism批评；D. cgnitin认知。根据上文“I chse nt t see it as a persnal attack n me.”可知，这样做可以将注意力从主观情感转移到客观分析。故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你通过这种方式消除了批评所携带的人身攻击色彩，你就能开始看到它本身的样子了：这是外人对你表现的罕见看法，因此是纠正和改进的潜在机会。A. internalize内在化；B. depersnalize使失去个性，去个人化；C. standardize标准化；D. neutralize中和。根据上文提到的选择不把它看作是人身攻击，以及下文“yu can start t see it fr what it is”由此可知，此处应表示一旦你以这种方式消除了批评所携带的人身攻击色彩，你就可以开始看到它的本来面目。故选B项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦你通过这种方式消除了批评所携带的人身攻击色彩，你就能开始看到它本身的样子了：这是外人对你表现的罕见看法，因此是纠正和改进的潜在机会。A. cause原因；B. cnflict冲突；C. curse方针，总方向，行动方式；D. cnfusin困惑。根据上文“a ptential pprtunity”以及下文“and imprve”由此可知，此处应表示因此是纠正和改进的潜在机会。故选C项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：对学生表现的研究表明，那些学会积极利用反馈的人往往会取得更好的成绩，养成更好的学习习惯。A. actively积极地；B. cntinuusly连续不断地；C. frequently频繁地；D. extensively广泛地。根据句意以及下文“tend t get better grades and have better study habits”由此可知，此处应表示那些学会积极利用反馈的人往往会取得更好的成绩，养成更好的学习习惯。故选A项。
A．perceptin B．tap C． reclaiming D．integrate E. tech-driven F. cntracted
G. rituals H. discnnectin I. ingredients J. intensifying K. prly-designed
A．cnstituent B．ultimately C． fancied D．functining E. game F. grave
G. prmising H. parallel I. cash J. entitled K. distinctly