专题02动词时态和语态复习-高二英语寒假衔接练习【外研版】

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核心考点聚焦
1、三类一般时用法
2、三类进行时用法
3、两类完成时用法
4、被动语态用法
高考考点聚焦
考点一 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时
一般现在时
一般现在时的基本用法
1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与ften、usually、always、smetimes、nwadays、every day、nce a mnth、frequently、cnstantly等时间状语连用。
He ges t schl at seven 'clck every day.他每天七点钟去上学。
2．表示普遍存在的真理和客观事实。
Light travels faster than sund.光比声音传播得快。
3．表示按时刻表将要发生的动作
The plane takes ff at 15：05. 飞机在15：05起飞
4．在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(主将从现)
We'll let yu knw the gd news as sn as yu arrive.
你一到我们就告诉你这个好消息。
单句语法填空
(1)The flight ________(take) ff at 2：30 pm every Friday.
(2)Please tell me as sn as Mark ________(call) yu.
(3)My mther tld me the earth ________(mve) arund the sun.
一般过去时
一般过去时的基本用法
1. 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then、at that time、just nw、a mment ag、the ther day、in the past、at ne time、three days ag、last year、yesterday, in 2014, in the 1990s、riginally等时间状语连用。
Tm wanted t help us yesterday, but he was very busy. 汤姆昨天想帮助我们，但他太忙了。
2．表示过去的习惯动作，常与ften、frequently、always、usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。
During his middle schl years, he played ftball nearly every day.
他在中学时代几乎天天踢足球。
3．有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。
Yur phne number again, please. I didn't quite catch it.
请再说一遍你的电话号码。我没有听清楚。
单句语法填空
(1)The exhibitin pened n January 1st and ________(clse) n January 31st.
(2)She didn't g ut last night, because she _______(have) a headache.
(3)He gt up, _______(wash) his face, had his breakfast and went t wrk.
一般将来时
一般将来时的基本用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tmrrw、next week、in the future、in a few days 等时间状语连用。
Next mnth we will have ur schl pen day.下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。
②表示说话时临时做出的决定。
—Dr. Jacksn is nt in his ffice at the mment.
—杰克逊博士现在不在他的办公室里。
—All right. I will call him later.
—好的。我晚些时候给他打电话。
将来时的其他表达法：
be ging t表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。
I am ging t meet Mr Smith at the airprt at 8：30 tnight.
今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。
Lk at the black cluds! It is ging t rain. 瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。
②be abut t d表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。
I was abut t g t have dinner when he called me up.
我正要吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。
③ be t d表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。
We are t meet at the schl gate at six in the mrning.
我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。
单句语法填空
(1)The mment yu cme here, I ___________(shw) yu arund the city.
(2)Scientists predict that we __________(rely) mre n recycled materials .
(3)Attentin, please! We are abut ___________(start) ur next lessn in Classrm 8 f the Teaching Building.
(4)Yu are ___________(hand) in the exercises tmrrw.
考点二 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时
现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法
1．表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语nw、at the mment, at present 等连用。
I am writing a letter nw.Will yu please turn dwn the radi?
我正在写信，请你把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？
2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。
He is writing a bk abut Chinese histry these days.这些天他正在写一本关于中国历史的书。
3．表示位置移动的非延续动词，如 g、cme、leave、start、arrive、return可用进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
Mr White is leaving fr Beijing in a few days.几天后，怀特先生将动身去北京。
4．进行时与always、cnstantly、cntinually、frequently等表示频度的副词连用，常含有赞扬、厌恶、抱怨、愤怒等情感。
He is always asking such simple questins. 他老是问这种简单的问题。
He is always thinking mre f thers than f himself. 他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。
单句语法填空
(1)I ______________(leave) fr Shanghai the day after tmrrw.
(2)Since it ____________(rain) hard, yu may as well stay here until it stps.
(3)Lk! The tw bys ____________(stand) there.
过去进行时
过去进行时的基本用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He fell asleep when he was reading .他看书时睡着了。
过去进行时可以和always，cnstantly，cntinually，frever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
They were always quarrelling .他们老是吵架。
单句语法填空
I ______________(watch) TV frm 7：00 pm. t 8:00 pm. yesterday.
He__________(listen) t the radi when I came in.
将来进行时
将来进行时的基本用法
表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与sn，tmrrw，this evening，n Sunday，by this time，in tw days，tmrrw evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
I will be having an English class at 8 tmrrw. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。
Mary will be wrking in the factry in the next tw mnths. 下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。
用于询问别人的计划、打算，比用一般将来时显得更委婉；也可用于表示语气较缓和的命令。
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面？
单句语法填空
①Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 'clck this afternn because she_________ (teach) a class at that time.
②I feel s excited! At this time tmrrw mrning，I ________(fly) t Shanghai.
③Dn't phne me between 8：00 and 10：00.We _________(have) classes then.
【易错警示】
不用进行时态的动词
①表示状态的动词 这类动词有seem, lk, appear, have, belng t, wn, hld等。
②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词 这类动词有knw, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppse, hpe, dubt等。
温馨提示：有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。
③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词 这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。
④表示继续或持续含义的动词 这类动词有cntinue, keep, last, g n等。
⑤表示感觉的动词 这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等
考点三 现在完成时、过去完成时
现在完成时
现在完成时的用法
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already、just、befre、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up t nw、till nw、s far、several times等连用。
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。
2．表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态，常与fr＋一段时间，since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has wrked here fr ver twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。
He has lived in Lndn since 2020. 自从2020年以来他就住在伦敦。
3．在“This/That/It is the ＋that从句”结构中，that从句一般用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
4．在“This/It is the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that 从句”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。
This is the mst interesting film that he has watched. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。
单句语法填空
(1) This is the last time that America _______(send) the spaceship int space.
(2)China’s high-speed railways _________(grw) frm 9,000 t 25,000 kilmetres ver the past few years.
(3)I ______________(wrk) in the big cmpany fr years.
过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在＂过去的过去＂。
1. 过去完成时的用法
①表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、 by the end f等介词(短语)和by the time、 befre、 after等引导的状语从句
By the end f 2019, he had cllected mre than a thusand freign stamps.
到2019年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。
②表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与fr、since等词连用。
It had been very windy fr a few hurs and it had rained fr tw days.
风刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。
过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
①在n 、 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……，刚……就……”。
N sner had I reached hme than it began t rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
I had hardly stepped int the classrm when the bell rang. 我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
②在“It was the that...”句型中，从句中用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had chatted nline in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
③在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。
It was at least three mnths since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
④表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hpe、 mean、 want、 think、 expect、 plan、 intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
(2019·天津卷)I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn't manage it. 我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
温馨提示：
① 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and、 then、 but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
He entered the rm, turned n the light and sat dwn at the table.
他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
②当由befre、 after引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
We had breakfast after we did mrning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。
The train started t mve just befre he reached the platfrm. 他刚到月台时火车就要走。
完成句子
(1)这是我第一次看见水立方。
It was the first time that ______________________________．
(2)他刚冲出去房子就塌了。
N sner ________________________ the huse fell dwn.
(3)我本打算昨天给你字典的，但我忘记把它带来了。
I _____________________ yu the dictinary yesterday, but I frgt t bring it here.
考点四 动词被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、时态和数上的变化。
下表以d一词为例说明被动语态的构成：
2、 get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lst/hurt等
While waiting fr the pprtunity t get prmted，Henry did his best t perfrm his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬
3、主动形式表示被动意义
①在need，want，require，deserve等动词、wrth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The huse needs repairing/t be repaired. 这房子需要修理。
②be t rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Wh is t blame fr the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受责备？
The huse is t let. 此房出租。
③“系动词feel，sund，taste，lk，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，becme，get，grw，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind f wl shirt feels sft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
④当sell，read，wash，write，pen，wear等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have yu bught the bk that sells well these days? I think it is suitable fr us teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
一、 时态梳理
温馨提示:
一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的用法区别
①一般过去时常与then、at that time、just nw、a mment ag、the ther day、in the past、at ne time、three days ag、last year、yesterday,in 2014, in the 1990s、riginally 等时间状语连用
②现在完成时常与already、just、befre、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up t nw、till nw、s far、several times、fr＋一段时间、since等连用
③过去完成时常与by、 by the end f等介词(短语)和by the time、 befre、 after等引导的状语从句
比较下面句子，体会时态的不同：
①I saw Her last year. 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）
②I have seen Her befre. 我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调以前看过，现在还知道这部电影的内容。）
③She had been ill fr a week befre she came back.
她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）
④She has been ill fr a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）
二.被动语态梳理
1、动词的被动语态在各种时态中的表示：
温馨提示：
【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。
(1) 某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、rise(上升)、happen/ccur/take place/cme abut/break ut; cme int being/cme true等。．
(2) 某些及物动词，如：cst(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hld(容纳)、belng t(属于)、cnsist f；date back t等。
(3) 连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。
(4) 表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。
现在完成进行时的用法（重点讲解）
1. 现在完成进行时的构成
have/has＋been＋v­ing
2. 现在完成进行时的用法
① 表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，将来还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。
I have been waiting fr an hur, but she hasn't cme yet. 我都等了一个小时了，但是她还没来。
② 表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间内动作一再重复发生。
She has been phning Jim every night fr the past tw weeks. 两星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
③ 表示某种感情色彩。
Yu have been daydreaming but never make an effrt. 你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。(指责)
Yu have been lying t me. 你一直在对我说谎。(气愤)
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
① 现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性：
I have thught it ver. 我已经考虑过这件事了。
I have been thinking abut it. 我一直在考虑这件事。
② 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示反复性：
Have yu been meeting him recently? 你最近经常见他吗？
Have yu met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？
③ 现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙：
亨利工作有条不紊。
Henry has been ding his wrk rderly. (含表扬的意味)
Henry has dne his wrk rderly. (描述事实)
真题感知
1.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
2.（2023全国甲卷）Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still _____ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
3.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
4. （2022全国乙卷）The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ______ (address) the pening ceremny.
5. （2022全国新高考1卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ______ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity
6. （2022全国新高考1卷）The GPNP ______ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes,
7.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Ca (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents.
8.（2022浙江1月） f them climate scientists ________ （prmise） t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
提升专练
1．The news reprt still needs (plish) befre it can be published.
2．She (distract) frm her studies ever since she jined the mvie club.
3．“The Nautilus (drift) past the cast f New Yrk this time tmrrw, s if we try tnight, there is a chance f reaching land.” Ned said.
4．At 9:00 next Sunday, I (accmpany) my daughter n a trip t Princetn.
5．We (run) ut f gas, s we’d better stp at the next gas statin t fill up.
6．Exhausted after the jurney in a capsule, Li Qiang (slide) int bed and fell fast asleep.
7．Befre the cuple arrived at the theatre, the stage (light) with candles t create a rmantic atmsphere as requested by the husband.
8．It was a shame that I was (beat) by a much yunger man in English cmpetitin.
9．Yu, rather than I, (blame) fr the accident which happened yesterday.
10．Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, (regard) as ne f the best all－rund frms f exercise.
11．A new bridge is nw (cnstruct) acrss the river and will be cmpleted next mnth.
12．By the time he arrived frm Eurpe, the disease (break) ut in his hmetwn.
13．When she heard that her father (die) in the accident, she burst ut crying.
14．Since that first mrning in 1978, I (fllw) the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.
15．In the past few weeks, the terrible accident (bring) pet management in residential cmpunds (住宅区) int fcus.
16．We (live) here since 1994.
17．I wasn’t sure whether he (cme) t this scene the next mrning.
18．The family wndered hw he (react) t the shcking news after he was tld abut it.
19．The driver was scrlling thrugh his smart phne when the crash (ccur) n the sharp bend.
20．She said such arguments (ignre) the questin f where ultimate respnsibility lay.
21．The walls, painted brilliant white, (reflect) the afternn sun.
22．It began t snw while the students (walk) twards the schl.
23．When I gt up at 6:30 this mrning, my mther (prepare) tast and jam.
24．She (have)an imprtant debate abut glbal warming and climate change next week.
25．I (read) the nvel brrwed frm the library at this time tmrrw.
26．Why are yu s late? I (wait) fr yu fr three hurs.
27．He (write) a nvel since he graduated frm university.
28．I (sign) an rgan dnatin agreement this time tmrrw.
29．I can’t meet yu at nine tmrrw. I (have) a meeting.
30．Children under furteen must (accmpany) by an adult.
31．Mary (emply) at this jb since she graduated frm cllege.
32．It was the first time that I (ask) t sing in public and I was a bit nervus.
33．Cnversatins are nt (permit) in the library.
34．It (estimate) that mre than 20 millin shared bikes will have been put int peratin natinwide by 2025.
35．T ur surprise, Mr Lee was (appint) as manager f the sales department.
36．As yu (expse) t diverse cultures, yu may feel transprted thrugh time and space.
37．Yesterday the invitatin t the party (turn) dwn by Linda because she had anther plan.
38．Three wmen and their children (rescue) frm the burning huse by the firemen since the fire brke ut.
39．A pink river dlphin leapt ut f the Amazn River and (spt) by a lcal fisherman.
40．She (ban) frm athletics fr tw years after failing a drug test.
41．Since these technlgies can imprve efficiency by mre than 50%, they (apply) t the industrial prcess in a cmprehensive manner in the past few years.
42．He lst the chance fr prmtin because he (investigate) by the plice fr fraud at that time.
43．She think she shuld (applaud) fr her hnesty.
44．On September 30, 2022, the Australian wmen’s basketball team (defeat) by the Chinese team.
45．It is said that the activity (schedule) t last 3 days in rder t help peple realize the envirnmental prtectin.
目录
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
时间
时态
被动语态
现在
一般现在时
is/am/are/dne
现在进行时
is/am/are being dne
现在完成时
have /has been dne
过去
一般过去时
was/were dne
过去进行时
was/were being dne
过去完成时
had been dne
将来
一般将来时
will/shall be dne
过去将来时
wuld/shuld be dne

一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
is/are/am或 d/des
is/are/am ding
have dne
过去
was /were 或did
was/were ding
had dne
将来
will d
will be ding
will have dne
过去将来
wuld d
wuld be ding
wuld have dne
时态
用法
过去完成时
过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的
一般过去时
一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响
现在完成时
现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/is/are dne
am/is/are being dne
has/have been dne
过去
was /were dne
was/ were being dne
had been dne
将来
will be dne
will have been dne
过去将来
wuld be dne
wuld have been dne