专题05核心知识点+题型练习(选择性必修一）复习 -高二英语寒假衔接【外研版】

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1. 核心词汇
2. 重点短语
3. 长难句分析
4. 题型训练
核心词汇
1. md n. 心情
2. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣
3. entertain v. 使快乐
4. examine v. 检查（身体）
5. essential adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的
6. deserve v. 应得，应受到
7. interactin n. 交流
8. fellw n. 男人，家伙
9. cncept n. 概念，观念
10.whisper v. 悄声说，低语
11. cnclude v. 结束，终止
12. cmpser n. 作曲家
13. pace n. 速度，进度
14. rarely adv. 很少，难得
15. rejectin n. 拒绝，否决
16. nevertheless adv. 然而，不过
17. classic n. 名著；经典作品
18. guarantee v. 保证，确保
19. utcme n. 结果，后果
20. wrthwhile adj. 重要的，值得做的
21. enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的
22. appreciative adj. 感激的
23. wrthy adj. 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
24. permanent adj. 长久的，永久的
25. embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的
26. expectatin n. 预料，预期
27. remarkable adj. 非凡的，不寻常的
28. vivid adj. 生动的，逼真的
29. assign v.分配，分派
30. ppnent n.对手
31. defeat v. 战胜，打败
32. cperatin n. 合作，协作
33. intense adj. 紧张的，激烈的
34. mtin n. 动，运动
35. abstract adj. 抽象的
36. innvative adj. 新颖的，创新的
37. trend n. 趋势，动向
38. cntrast n. 反差，对比
39. literally adv.根据字面意思
40. distinct adj. 清晰的；明显不同的
41. distant adj. 遥远的
42. sample n. 样本
43. suspect v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得
44. generate v. 产生，创造
45. characteristic n. 特征，特性
46. decline v. 减少
47. blame v. 责怪，指责
48. primitive adj. 原始的，低等的
49. detect v. 发现，察觉
50. link v. 把……联系起来；连接
51. massive adj. 巨大的
52. delicate adj. 脆弱的
53. splendid adj. 壮丽的
54. leisure n. 空闲，闲暇
55. wander v. 徘徊
56. disturb v. 干扰，扰乱
57. favur n. 支持，赞同
58. preference n. 优先（权）
59. negtiable adj. 可协商的
60. qualificatin n. 技能条件，资格
【考点再现】
单词拼写
1. Dn’t spend yur vacatin is a place where everything is t expensive t maintain a psitive _____.(心情)
2. The teacher _________（使快乐）the students fr hurs with stries in rder t cheer them up.
3. The dctr _______（检查）her but culd find nthing wrng except that she was in a bad md.
4. I _______（很少）have time t think abut hw t deal with a bad md at wrk.
5. Like thse early days fr emplyers, I faced a lt f ________（拒绝）and frustratins.
6. He was emtinal in such an awkward situatin. _______（然而）， he succeeded in hlding back his emtins.
7. The linguist’s manuscript shuld be _________（保证）t be safely shifted t anther library.
8. The plan f the cperatin has succeeded beynd ur ___________.（预期）
9. There will always be smene wh wants t destry yur ______（自信）and make yu dubt yur dream f becming a real warrir.
10. The cmpser included sme _______（民间的）music elements in his new sng.
11. The essay was full f cmplicated ______. (引语)
12. The utline f the ship became mre ________（清晰的）.
13. Sme phrases cannt just be translated ________（根据字面意思）, fr example, “lng face”, which actually means unhappy.
14. A technician must be full f ideas f _________（创新）t be utstanding in the intense cmpetitin.
15. The rts f the plant are extremely ________（脆弱的）and can be damaged by plluted water.
16. Turists frm all ver the wrld cme t see the _________（壮丽的）scenery f the plateau.
17. Antelpes are eating grass at their ________（闲暇）in the bundless stretch f the grassland.
18. The fellw ________（徘徊）aimlessly arund the streets.
19. The ecnmy f the cuntry has risen ______（平稳地）in the past tw years.
20. The effect f the emissins f carbn dixide n the envirnment is________（巨大的）.
必背短语
1. lk thrugh 浏览，快速查看
2. cheer up 使高兴起来，使振作起来
3. cncentrate n 集中注意力于；全神贯注于
4. take ff 飞机起飞；开始成功
5. take away 带走，拿走
6. make sense 有意义，有道理
7. thrw light n 使容易理解
8. fall behind 不能按时完成工作
9. have … in cmmn with…与……有共同之处
10. struggle t d sth. 努力/争取做某事
11. have an effect n 对……有 影响
12. cme acrss 偶然遇见，偶然发现
13. team up with 与……合作，与……协作
14. a far cry frm 与……大不相同
15. attach…t…把……固定在……上
16. give way 倒塌，向下垮
17. fllw in ne’s ftsteps 仿效某人；继承某人
18. carry n 继续；进行
19. end up 结果为……，以……结束
20. set ut 开始，着手；出发，动身
21. pay ff 取得成功，奏效
22. inspire sb. t d sth. 激励/鼓舞某人做某事
23. pass dwn 把……传给后人；把……往下传
24. bring ut 使显现，使表现出
25. be tired frm 因……而疲倦
26. be amazed by 对……感到惊奇
27. make up 组成；构成；编造；化妆
28. a variety f 各种各样的
29. be accessible t 可以进入；可以使用；可以接近
30. up t 达到；胜任；由……决定
31. date back t 起源于；追溯到
32. answer the call 响应号召；接电话
33. cme t exist 开始存在
34. adapt t 适应
35. be harmful t 对……有害
36. at ne’s leisure 空闲时
37. bring … t life 使……更有趣；使……更生动
38. be cncerned abut 关心；挂念
39. highlight the imprtance f 强调……的重要性
40. in favr f 支持，赞同
【考点再现】
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．It was yur encuragement and supprt that __________________(使我振作起来) and helped me get thrugh the hard times.
2．If the data is statistically valid, it will (使较容易理解) the prblem we are investigating.
3．I can't believe he asked me abut private questins in frnt f the whle ffice. He really___________________________(使我难堪)．
4．What d great scientists (有……共同点)?
5．The beautiful place is (与……大不相同) where many f them live.
6． a recent phtgraph (把……附在)yur applicatin frm.
7．The ld huse (倒塌) and many peple were trapped under the ruins.
8．After graduatin, Liu Gang decided t (追随他祖父的脚步) and wrk n the family farm.
9．The gvernment _____________________(开始做) make necessary refrms recently t raise peple's living standards.
10．We thught Jhn wuld d well, but he has succeeded (超出了我们的预期)．
11．Yang Liping's dance cmes frm the traditinal belief f the Dai peple and aims t (展示) the Dai wmen's beauty.
12．We didn't ask fr all the challenges that we face, but we're determined t _____________(响应号召) t meet them.
13．This kind f plant (产生) n Earth millins f years ag.
14．As lng as peple have a belief and pursue smething, they can endure any hardship and ____________________(适应) any envirnment.
15．The island ffers such (各种各样的) scenery and wildlife that it attracts many turists.
16. A grup f Tibetan antelpes is mving under the bridge, with sme stpping t eat grass ____________________(悠闲地).
17.Water birds playing in the lake, and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands the scenery (使……更生动).
18.With everyne seated, the head teacher began the meeting, (强调……的重要性) self­discipline fr senir high students.
19.This cmpany (由……组成) mre than twenty branches all ver the cuntry in 2021.
20.We are all (支持) spending whatever is necessary t fight air pllutin.
重点句式
1. 强调句型
教材原句
Althugh it’s the dctrs and nurses wh will treat her injury, it’s my jb t make her feel better.
尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，但让她的心情变好则是我的工作。
句式仿写
__________________________________ kindled her interest in music.
是她的老师激发了他对音乐的兴趣。
2. 部分否定
教材原句
Achieving a psitive state f mind isn’t easy fr everyne.
达到积极的形态并非对每个人来说都是容易的。
句式仿写
_________________ acts the same in respnse t events.
并非每个人对事件的反应都一样。
3. 独立主格结构
教材原句
The respnse frm a publisher cmes back and the writer eagerly pens and reads it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.
出版商给了回信，作家急切地拆开来读，但读到这最后一句，心随即跌落谷底。
句式仿写
__________________________, he felt relaxed.
问题解决了，他感觉轻松了。
4. with复合结构
教材原句
Harry Ptter became a glbal success, with ver 400 millin bks sld and translated int mre than seventy different languages.
《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。
句式仿写
With _____________, I had t take a taxi.
有这么多行李要拿，我不得不乘坐出租车。
5. “nly+状语”位于句首引起的部分倒装
教材原句
Only when darkness had again descended upn me shuld I realize hw much I had left unseen.
只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
句式仿写
Only when we fllw the laws f nature ______________________________.
只有当我们遵守自然法则时我们才能更好地与大自然和谐相处。
6. that引导地同位语从句
教材原句
Stephen Curry is living prf that what ther peple think f yu des nt have t influence what yu becme.
斯蒂芬库里也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
句式仿写
They were delighted at __________________ their team had wn.
当听到他们球队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
7. 过去分词（短语）作状语
教材原句
Led by well-knwn Chinese vlleyball player and cach Lang Ping, they have cntinued t aim high.
作为知名的前中国女排运动员和中国女排总教练，郎平带领着队员们不断力争上游。
句式仿写
_______________________, the girl said that she wanted t be a teacher.
当被问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
8. 不定式作主语
教材原句
T listen t Tan’s music is t experience a mix f Chinese musical traditins and Western influences.
欣赏谭盾的音乐，就是在感受中国音乐传统和西方影响的交融。
句式仿写
________________ is t believe.
眼见为实。
9. s that 引导目的状语从句
教材原句
Scientists hpe t learn mre abut this plant warning system, s that we can use it t grw crps withut pesticides.
科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于种植不用使用农药的农作物。
句式仿写
Parents and children shuld cmmunicate mre t narrw the gap between them ________________________ understand each ther better.
父母和孩子应该多交流，缩小他们之间的代沟，一边更好地理解彼此。
10. even thugh/even if引导让步状语从句
教材原句
Even thugh the wner f the cmpany guarantees that the design will be in harmny with its beautiful surrundings, the lcal peple are still cncerned that the htel may use up natural resurces.
虽然该公司老板保证设计将与周围优美地环境相协调，但当地人仍然担心酒店会耗尽自然资源。
句式仿写
___________________ we achieved great success in ur wrk, we shuld nt be prud.
尽管在工作中取得了巨大成功，我们也不应该骄傲。
题型训练
阅读理解
A
An imprtant develpment in frensic science, the scientific methds used fr finding ut abut a crime, has cme frm cperative effrts between researchers at Shanghai Nrmal University in China and the University f Bath in the UK.
The teamwrk has led t the creatin f a water-sluble flurescent spray (水溶性荧光喷雾) that significantly advanced the detectin f pssible fingerprints. Unlike traditinal methds that ften invlve the use f pisnus r envirnmentally harmful chemicals, this innvative spray ffers a safer and greener chice.
By targeting the invisible prints left behind by sweat r il n surfaces, the spray quickly makes them visible within secnds, prmting cnvenience and speed in frensic investigatins. Accrding t researchers, its water slubility further imprves its applicability, allwing fr adaptable use directly at crime scenes.
Detecting latent (hidden) fingerprints (LFPs) is imprtant in frensic science, but their invisible nature pses challenges. Traditinal methds like pwder dusting and chemicals have limitatins in speed and safety. Using the flurescence prperties f Green Flurescent Prtein (GFP), the researchers have develped tw distinct dyes (染料) — LFP-Yellw and LFP-Red t address these challenges. These dyes exhibit an “ff-n” flurescence respnse upn different parts f LFPs, by selectively attaching t small elements present in fingerprints. Under blue light, they give ut a sft flurescent light, enabling easy detectin. Develped frm jellyfish (水母；海蜇), GFP serves as a bilgical basis fr these dyes, ensuring they d nt affect the fllwing DNA analysis f the fingerprints.
Accrding t researchers, applying these dyes invlves a fine spray, which prevents damaging spts and ffers a cleaner way, cmpared t traditinal methds. It wrks perfectly even n rugh surfaces like brick, where cllecting fingerprints can be particularly arduus.
“This system can even be used n fingerprints that are a week ld. Having tw different clrs available means the spray can be used n different clred surfaces. We’re hping t prduce mre clrs in the future. We’re lking fr cperatin with varius cmpanies t bring the dyes t market fr wide availability. Additinally, nging research and develpment effrts will be needed t cntinue t imprve their prducts,” said Prfessr Tny James, frm the University f Bath.
1．What is the advantage f the new spray ver previus methds?
A．It’s mre accurate and applicable.B．It’s mre effective and ec-friendly.
C．It’s clrful and easy t prduce.D．It’s cleaner and cnvenient t carry.
2．Hw d the tw dyes make LFPs visible?
A．By helping cllect and analyze the DNA f them.
B．By attaching t them and exhibiting them as flurescent light.
C．By taking in flurescence and reflecting blue light t them.
D．By slwing dwn the flurescence respnse f finger elements.
3．What des the underlined wrd “arduus” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Practical.B．Fruitful.C．Debatable.D．Difficult.
4．What d Tny James’ wrds intend t say abut the spray?
A．Its limitatins n fingerprints’ existence time will be remved.
B．It will be applied t varius fields in the future.
C．Its imprvement can prmise a brighter future.
D．It culd replace DNA analysis in frensics.
B
When yu accmplish smething amazing — like earning a prmtin, finishing a yearlng prject r finally paying ff yur credit card debts — yu’d think a burst f happiness wuld be fllwed by relief. Yu can even relax a little. Right? Nt fr everyne. It’s actually nt unusual t feel mre anxius fllwing gd news r hard-earned success than yu d when yu’re putting ut fires r wrking hard.
“Anxiety can be a bit tricky, as it’s a respnse that’s hard-wired int the brain,” said Carla Marie Manly, a Califrnia-based clinical psychlgist and authr f Jy frm Fear. “The brain’s fear circuit (回路) wrks very quickly, and it desn’t always stp t tell the difference between gd anxiety and bad. S, when smething gd happens, the physical symptms yu feel are similar t thse that yu assciate with panic r fear.”
There are sme things yu can d when accmplishing smething psitive triggers (触发) mre anxiety. But even when yu are able t distinguish between feelings f excitement (gd stress) and panic (bad stress) after success, the climb dwn frm Munt Euphria can be an anxiety trigger in itself. When yur bdy becmes accustmed t a lng-time state f anxiety, the psitive physilgical changes that happen after gd news can trigger the sense that smething isn’t right — simply because yu’ re nt used t feeling gd.
This reactin may als be wrse because f a ptential belief that the gd event will prbably be fllwed by smething bad — perhaps because, in the past, bad things that have happened t yu ften ccurred when yu were ding well r things were relatively calm, said J Eckler, a Texas-based clinical psychlgist and authr f I Can’t Fix Yu — Because Yu’re Nt Brken. Instead f enjying the mment, yu spend that time waiting fr the ther she t drp.
5．What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A．Bad news usually results in anxiety.B．Smetimes, success may cntribute t mre anxiety.
C．Feelings have nthing t d with success.D．A prmtin is sure t make peple excited.
6．What leads peple t be anxius when smething gd happens accrding t Manly?
A．The rate f peple’s brain reactin.B．The ability t distinguish feelings.
C．The wrking speed f the brain’s fear circuit.D．The number f gd things that happen.
7．Which f the fllwing is stated by J Eckler?
A．Nthing can prevent peple’s anxiety after happiness.
B．It’s time fr peple t frget bad things that happened in the past.
C．Anxiety happens after success fr peple accustmed t feeling bad.
D．The wrry abut bad future events can make peple feel mre anxius.
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw t Deal with Anxiety in Life.
B．Hw t Feel Much Happier After Anxiety.
C．Why Yu Get Mre Anxius After Gd News Happens.
D．The Reasns fr Being Afraid Smething Gd Will Happen.
二、七选五
Peple are cnstantly bmbarded (轰炸) with unrealistic and ptentially harmful images f “ideal” bdy types. 1 It’s als imprtant t learn what yur bdy can physically d and becme cmfrtable. In rder t accept yur bdy, it’s imprtant t get in tuch with bth f these aspects f yur bdy n their wn terms.
2 This means nt trying t change wh yu are r fcus n qualities yu dn’t like. Learn t enjy yur bdy —— hw yu mve, feel, and get arund. Let g f hw yu used t lk, especially if yur bdy has undergne changes frm injuries, r medical cnditins. Be kind t yur bdy as it is right nw.
Replace negative thughts with psitive nes. As sn as yu ntice yurself starting t have a negative thught, replace it with smething psitive abut yurself. Give yurself time t get int the habit f thinking psitively. Try starting each day by thinking a few psitive thughts. 3
Cmpare yurself nly t yurself. 4 There’s n pint in cmparing yurself t thers, regardless f whether the persn is a celebrity r classmate sitting next t yu. Instead, cmpare yurself in terms f hw yu’ ve prgressed ver time, nw that yu’ve created yur wn realistic gals. Fr example, yu might think t yurself that yu’ve imprved yur appearance cmpared t a few years ag.
Knw when t seek help. Understand that nearly everyne struggles t maintain psitive bdy image all the time and it’s nrmal t have ups and dwns. 5 There are varius signs that yur bdy issues are severe and require prfessinal help.
A．Accept yur bdy as it is.
B．Identify what yu like abut yur bdy and appearance.
C．Negative thughts d nthing t imprve yur self-image.
D．The wrld wuld be a pretty bring place if we all lked the same.
E．But yu shuld als hnestly cnsider if yu need t speak with a cunselr, r specialist.
F．This can make it difficult t accept, lve, and feel cnfident in yur wn bdy, which is critical.
G．Remind yurself f these thughts thrughut the day when yu start feeling critical f yurself.
三、完形填空
I shall never frget thse winters. They were the times when my father traveled thrugh the cld winds t find me the medical instruments that wuld crrect my defrmed (畸形的) 1 .
I was an 2 child because I was brn with X-shaped legs. 3 I was the luckiest kid t have a father wh put in s much 4 t cure me — and wh 5 succeeded.
My father wrked frm sunrise t sunset, trying t 6 thse medical instruments. My memries f childhd are f him 7 hspitals, trying t find the ne that culd build his designs.
But ne day, my father arrived hme with a pair f 8 . That night, with great 9 , he fitted the instruments t my legs. It made my bnes ache, but he tld me I wuld have t 10 it, fr eight hurs a night, r I wuld never be able t wear pretty skirts r have 11 legs like ther girls. But as he said this, he turned his face away and 12 away tears.
Whenever I 13 what my father did, I feel what he did shws the mst selfless cntributin. Tday, when I lk at my straight and healthy legs, tears run 14 dwn my face. The winter winds are cld t ther peple, but because f my father, they will always be 15 t me.
1．A．legsB．brainC．bdyD．feet
2．A．unhappyB．uglyC．unfrtunateD．unaccepted
3．A．AndB．ButC．SD．If
4．A．effrtB．energyC．painD．emtin
5．A．accuratelyB．rarelyC．simplyD．eventually
6．A．drawB．makeC．designD．play
7．A．stayingB．turingC．leavingD．passing
8．A．instrumentsB．shesC．glvesD．scks
9．A．interestB．attentinC．patienceD．care
10．A．seeB．bearC．hldD．prtect
11．A．lngB．thinC．beautifulD．super
12．A．wipedB．threwC．putD．gave
13．A．turn dwnB．give utC．take upD．think f
14．A．unexpectedlyB．smthlyC．fluentlyD．uncntrllably
15．A．bitterB．strngC．clD．warm
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When talking abut a great jb, what cmes int yur mind first? A brilliant scientist? An creative artist? As fr Charles, he ges all ut t be 1 utstanding chef.
Prir 2 becming a famus ck, he tk a curse abut hw t prepare delicius cuisine. The curse 3 (cnsist) f several parts, ne f which was hw t imprve his general 4 (cmpetent). At first Charles had t practice slicing ff carrts, 5 was rather bring. 6 (general) speaking, it will take a beginner half a year 7 (grasp) the basics. T be exceptinal, he persisted and later he culd even make elegant cakes 8 (stuff) with fresh fruits.
Being an excellent and 9 (mtivate) ck als means calling n peple t cnsume what they really need and attempting t reduce waste t a minimum. As t Charles, a ck shuld make the mst f the fd material and raise peple’s envirnmental awareness in the prcess. After years f experience, Charles 10 (qualify) t be ne f the mst nted chefs and fulfilled his dream.
五、应用文写作
为了帮助学生掌握1-2项艺术特长，你校开展了丰富多彩的艺术课程和活动。请你以“Develping Artistic Talents at Schl”为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1. 介绍学校采取的具体措施；
2. 你所学到的艺术特长及感受；
3. 对学校这一举措的评价。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Develping Artistic Talents at Schl
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六、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lucy lved painting and had a dream f becming an artist. Hwever, she was very shy and never shwed her paintings t anyne except her best friend, Mia. Mia ften encuraged Lucy t share her wrk, but Lucy always shk her head nervusly. “What if they laugh at me?” she wuld say.
One day, their schl annunced an art cmpetitin. The winning artwrks wuld be displayed at the city’s annual art fair. Mia’s eyes lit up when she heard abut it. “Lucy, yu have t enter!” she said excitedly. But Lucy hesitated, her stmach twisting in knts. “I’m nt gd enugh,” she muttered.
Mia wuldn’t give up. “I’ll help yu,” she said. Over the next few weeks, Mia spent her free time encuraging Lucy, giving her ideas, and bsting her cnfidence. Finally, Lucy cmpleted her painting — a beautiful depictin f a sunset ver a meadw. “It’s perfect!” Mia said, beaming.
The day f the cmpetitin arrived, and Lucy submitted her painting, her hands trembling. When the results were annunced, Lucy’s painting wn secnd place. Lucy was thrilled but als terrified abut having her painting displayed at the fair. “I dn’t think I can g,” she tld Mia.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para. 1
Mia grabbed Lucy’s hand and smiled warmly.
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Para. 2
Lucy std befre her painting at the fair, her heart punding.
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考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破