2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题__辨主干细加工课件

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题__辨主干细加工课件，共47页。PPT课件主要包含了　　2干扰选项特征，技法点拨等内容，欢迎下载使用。
[题型分析]　　主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：　　1．The best title f the passage is_____________．　　2．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?　　3．The passage is mainly abut _____________．　　4．What is the passage mainly abut?　　5．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?　　6．What is the mainly abut?
[选项特征]　　1．正确选项特征
题型一　标题归纳题该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。
[典例1]　(2024·全国甲卷阅读B)　　Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
　　Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
　　Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
27．What is a suitable title fr the text?A．Tips n Finding a Smart CatB．Understanding Yur Cat's BehavirC．Have Fun with Yur CatD．Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词a suitable title fr the text。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段的主题句“But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills.”，可知该段介绍了猫的惊人的发声技能；定位到原文第二段的主题句“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive.”，可知该段介绍了猫的嗅觉敏锐，能够区分不同的环境；定位到原文第三段的主题句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch.”，可知该段介绍了猫的令人印象深刻的取物习惯。采用主题句法，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
题型二　文章大意题文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[典例2]　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)　　We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.　　BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
　　Specifically, it's a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
　　Mrever, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there's n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.　　BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment，” said a BMF emplyee.
31．What des the text mainly talk abut?A．BMF's majr strengths.B．BMF's general management.C．BMF's glbal influence.D．BMF's technical standards.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the text mainly talk abut。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可知，借助段落主题句归纳，文章从各个方面凸显了巴比伦微农场公司的优势，如缩短食物运输距离、节约用水、无农药使用、减少碳排放等。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
题型三　段落大意题段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
[典例3]　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B片段)　　Leigh Tindale's dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dg's suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
26．What des this paragraph mainly talk abut?A．Steps f a chirpractic treatment.B．The cmplexity f veterinarians' wrk.C．Examples f rare animal diseases.D．The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词this paragraph mainly talk abut。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文可知，本段没有主题句，本段主要介绍了两个动物经过法伯的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了法伯的整体医学疗法所取得的效果。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
A  　　(2024·广东六校9月联考)What d yu want frm life? Perhaps yu want t spend mre time with yur family, r get a mre secure jb, r imprve yur health. But why d yu want thse things? Chances are that yur answer will cme dwn t ne thing: Happiness.
　　Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin. Mdern cnceptins f happiness are primarily practical, fcusing n what we might call the techniques f happiness. The cncern is nt what happiness is, but hw t get it.
　　But maximizing pleasure isn't the nly ptin. Every human life, even the mst frtunate, is filled with pain. Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness. Pain is an unavidable cnsequence f being alive. All the gd things in life invlve suffering. Writing a nvel, running a marathn, r giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit f the final, jyus result.
　　There are ther factrs as well. In the eyes f Aristtle, we get happiness by exercising ur unique human capabilities t think and reasn. But thinking and reasning are as much scial activities as they are individual. Happiness requires thers; it is nt an emtinal state s much as it is the excellence f the relatins we cultivate with ther peple.
　　But even that cannt guarantee happiness. Aristtle recgnised that ur happiness is hstage (人质) t frtune. Events beynd any individual's cntrl—war, pverty, and glbal pandemics—will ften make happiness impssible. Happiness is nt a mental state that can be permanently wn, but instead it's a practice which we hne (磨炼), imperfectly, in circumstances nly partly f ur making.
　　Recgnising this will nt secure a gd life, but it will avid the illusry (虚幻的) hpe f permanent cntentment. N life wrth living shuld meet the nly standard. Instead, aim with Aristtle t embrace thse faults and t flwer in spite f them.【语篇解读】　文章对追求幸福进行了阐述，最终得出的结论是：人们对幸福的追求并不是完美的。
1．Where can yu find negative effects f fcusing t much n “happiness”？A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin.”可知，在第二段可以找到过于关注“幸福”的负面影响。
2．Hw des the authr prve that pain is an unavidable result f being alive？　A．By making cmparisns.B．By analyzing causes.C．By giving examples.D．By telling stries.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness...”可知，作者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的情绪状态。
3．What is Aristtle's view n happiness?A．Happiness is a stable emtinal state.B．Gd persnal relatinships lead t happiness.C．Taking part in scial activities guarantees happiness.D．Happiness prmtes independent thinking and reasning.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Happiness requires cultivate with ther peple.”可知，在亚里士多德看来，幸福并不是个体的情感状态，因此我们需要与他人培养良好的关系。
4．What is the passage mainly abut?A．Happiness is what humans pursue frever.B．Happiness lies in the prcess f pursuing it.C．Our pursuit f happiness may be imperfect.D．Depressin and happiness are equally imprtant.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章指出现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生负面影响，过分追求幸福、将幸福最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。因此，人们对幸福的追求并不是完美的。
B  　　(2024·青岛二模)The students stand n a pier (码头) ver the Harlem River in New Yrk City.They stare dwn int the brwn water.Their teacher, Mr.Rdman, pulls a lng rpe ut f the river.Fastened t the end f the rpe is a metal cage and inside are ysters (牡蛎).
Taking turns, the students measure all the ysters, and then cmpare ntes.The biggest yster is ver 2 inches lng, much bigger than a healthy size fr its age! They als measure the level f xygen.As mre ysters grw, the water shuld becme clearer and hld mre xygen.Als, ther animals shuld mve in.
　　Oysters are sft-bdied animals, and share the underwater cmmunity with plants, fish, and ther life.They are fd fr crabs and ther animals.As new ysters grw, they attach their shells t lder nes, frming big reefs with many small spaces where ther animals live.Oysters eat algae (藻类).If algae grw t fast, they can decrease xygen frm the water—and even fish need xygen t breathe!
　　But what happened t the ysters 100 years ag in New Yrk Harbr? Befre then, lts f ysters lived in these waters.They were shipped t restaurants arund the wrld.By the early 1900s, peple were eating them faster than they culd grw. Pllutin was puring int the waters. The harbr became seriusly plluted.Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce pisnus waste.Sme fish started t swim thrugh again.But ysters were still missing—until recently.
　　The Billin Oyster Prject began in 2014 t help bring ysters back t New Yrk Harbr.The prject has recruited (招募) mre than 6，500 students at mre than 100 middle schls and high schls t help grw, distribute, and study the ysters.　　Finally, the students put the ysters back in the lwers the cage int the river.In a few mnths, they will check the cage again.When the ysters are big enugh, they will be mved t jin a healthy reef in the middle f the harbr.
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了牡蛎在水中起到的作用以及牡蛎在纽约港消失的原因，现在人们正在努力让这些大自然的助手回归。
5．Why d students cme t the pier ver the Harlem River?A．T d research.B．T g fishing.C．T buy ysters.D．T clean up the river.A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，学生们在码头测量牡蛎尺寸，水中氧气含量，由此可知学生们在进行研究。
6．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A．What ysters are like.B．Hw ysters get fed.C．Why algae grw fast.D．What rle ysters play.D　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Oysters eat algae. If algae grw t fast, they can decrease xygen frm the water—and even fish need xygen t breathe！”可知，本段主要介绍了牡蛎在水中所起到的作用。
7．What can we learn abut ysters in New Yrk Harbr?A．Peple's lve f eating ysters bsted their numbers.B．Mre ysters than befre lived in waters in the 1900s.C．Plluted water was partly t blame fr the missing f ysters.D．New laws in the 1970s were crucial t ysters' recvery.C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，受到污染的影响，牡蛎在纽约港仍不见踪影。