2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练十主旨大意题__段落大意题

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练十主旨大意题__段落大意题，共6页。
(2024·江门一模)It's unlikely that we'll see a dd, a flightless bird, walking this earth anytime again, accrding t Beth Shapir, an evlutinary mlecular bilgist.
“When mst peple think abut de-extinctin, they're imagining clning，”Shapir said. Clning, the apprach that created Dlly, the sheep in 1996 and Elizabeth Ann, the black-fted ferret in 2020, creates an identical genetic cpy f an individual by putting DNA frm a living adult cell int an egg cell frm which the nucleus (细胞核) has been remved. Adult cells cntain all the DNA needed t develp int a living animal. Egg cells then use that DNA as a blueprint t turn themselves int many kinds f cells—skin, rgans, bld and bnes—the animal needs.
“But n living cells frm dds exist. Instead，”Shapir said，“yu'd have t start with a clsely related animal's genme (基因组) and then change it int ne similar t dds.”Fr example, mammths (猛犸象) are als extinct, but they were very clsely related t mdern Asian elephants, s researchers are attempting t bring mammths back frm extinctin by creating a hybrid mammth with sme mammth genes replacing part f the elephant genme in an elephant egg cell. Hwever, there are likely millins f genetic differences between the genme f an Asian elephant and that f a mammth accrding t Shapir.
As fr the dd, its clsest living relative is the Nicbar pigen. Mammths and Asian elephants are pretty clsely related, whereas it had been mre than 20 millin years since the dd and the Nicbar pigen had any cmmn ancestrs. Genetic differences between the tw bird species are therefre much greater, making it a frmidable task t create a successful hybrid in the lab, Shapir said.
Even if scientists manage t bring dds back, the island where they nce lived is a very different place nwadays, which makes it impssible t reintrduce dds withut majr interventin.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了进化分子生物学家贝丝·夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The special rle f DNA．
B．The prcess f clning.
C．The develpment f clning.
D．The cmplexity f clning.
B 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要介绍了克隆的步骤。
2．What des Shapir want t shw by the example f mammths?
A．Dds are harder t bring back t life.
B．Their living cells are hard t preserve.
C．Clning can be used t recreate extinct animals.
D．They share a similar genme with Asian elephants.
A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hwever, there are likely millins f genetic t Shapir.”可知，要利用亚洲象来复活猛犸象是非常困难的；并结合第四段第二、第三句可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子的差异远比猛犸象和亚洲象的差异大得多，所以复活难度会更大。由此可推知，夏皮罗想通过猛犸象的例子说明渡渡鸟比猛犸象更难复活。
3．What des the underlined wrd “frmidable” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Urgent. B．Pssible.
C．Tugh.D．Different.
C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Genetic differences between the tw bird species are therefre much greater”可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子差异非常大，由此可推知，复活渡渡鸟是艰巨的任务，画线词与tugh意思相近，意为“艰难的”。
4．What is Shapir's attitude twards the rebirth f dds?
A．Favrable.B．Intlerant.
C．Objective.D．Negative.
D 观点态度题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了复活渡渡鸟的种种困难，由此可推知，夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。
B
(2024·株洲一模)Sitting at the tp f a muntain n La Gmera Island, Antni issued an invitatin t three visiting hikers in the distance—“Cme ver here. We're ging t treat yu t lunch.”—withut speaking wrd：He whistled (吹口哨) it. Antni, 71, said in his yuth, when natives rather than turists walked the rcky ftpaths f his island, his news wuld have been greeted right away by a respnding whistle, lud and clear. But his message was lst n these hikers, and they cntinued their jurney.
Antni is a prud guardian f La Gmera's whistling language, which he called “the petry f my island”. He added，“Like petry, whistling des nt need t be useful in rder t be special and beautiful.”The language, fficially knwn as Silb Gmer, replaces written letters with whistled sunds that vary by pitch (高音) and length. Unfrtunately, there are fewer whistles than Spanish letters, s a sund can have multiple meanings, causing misunderstandings.
With its distinct gegraphy, it's easy t see why whistling came int existence n La Gmera. On mst f the island, deep valleys run frm high peaks dwn t the cean, and plenty f time and effrt are required t travel even a shrt distance verland. Whistling develped as a gd alternative way t deliver a message, with its sund carrying farther than shuting—as much as tw miles acrss sme valleys with favrable wind cnditins.
In 2009, the island's language was added by UNESCO t its list f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity. But with whistling n lnger essential fr cmmunicatin, Silb Gmer's survival mstly relies n a 1999 law that has made teaching it a necessary part f La Gmera's schl curses. Erin Gerhards, a lcal girl keen t imprve her whistling, said，“Whistling is a way t hnr the peple that lived here in the past and t remember we didn't start with technlgy but simple beginnings.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉戈梅拉岛哨语。
5．Hw did the hikers react t Antni's invitatin?
A．They ignred it.
B．They waved their hands.
C．They whistled back.
D．They stpped suddenly.
A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But his message was lst n these hikers, and they cntinued their jurney.”可知，徒步旅行者无视了安东尼奥的邀请。
6．Why is La Gmera's whistling language likely t be misinterpreted?
A．Because it is a frm f petry.
B．Because the same sund carries different meanings.
C．Because it isn't useful in life.
D．Because its sunds include varius pitches and lengths.
B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，因为哨音的数量比西班牙字母要少，所以一个声音可能有多种含义，从而导致误解。
7．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The turist attractins f La Gmera.
B．The gegraphic features f La Gmera.
C．The reasn fr whistling's use n La Gmera.
D．The cmparisn between whistling and shuting.
C 段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲述了在拉戈梅拉岛上使用哨语的原因。
8．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．Erin figures ut hw islanders lived befre.
B．Silb Gmer is taught in La Gmera's schls.
C．Technlgy utweighs traditins n La Gmera.
D．Silb Gmer is imprtant in daily cnversatins.
B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Silb Gmer's survival curses”可知，法律规定将哨语作为拉戈梅拉学校课程的必要组成部分。由此可推知，拉戈梅拉岛的学校教授哨语。
C
(2024·广州三校联考)Researchers have successfully changed the bld type f a dnated human lung by treating it with enzymes (酶), marking an imprtant step twards making universal dnr rgans.
Bld types are largely defined by the presence r absence f certain sugar mlecules (分子) called antigens n the surface f cells. These can ccur nt just n the cells f the bld itself, but ther tissues. If an antigen isn't recgnized by the bdy's immune system, it will munt an attack n these cells. This leads t the rejectin f transplanted rgans frm a dnr with a different bld type.
Peple with the mst cmmn bld type, O, lack these antigens n their cells, s their rgans can be accepted by peple with ther bld types. If all dnr rgans culd be made type O, fr example, the lungs frm smene with bld type A, this culd be beneficial.
T try this, Cypel and his team used a pair f enzymes in the human stmach t digest sugars. They fund the enzymes culd remve 97 percent f type A antigens in the lungs frm a type A dnr in 4 hurs, which meant the cells had been effectively changed t bld type O.
After this treatment, the altered lungs were kept alive using a system knwn as ex-viv lung perfusin (离体肺灌注), which supplies rgans with nutritius fluid s they are ready fr transplantatin. T simulate a transplant, Cypel's team added type O bld, which cntains antibdies that wuld attack type A antigens, t the fluid supplying the lungs. The treated lungs had minimal antibdy damage cmpared with untreated lungs.
Althugh cells rid f antigens tend t prduce new nes ver time, Cypel hpes the lack f antigens wuld last lng enugh fr the bdy t get thrugh the dangerus first few days and weeks after a transplant. The team nw intends t test the prcedure in animals. The study nly lked at the effects f a simulated transplantatin ver the shrt term, which isn't enugh t assess whether the resurfaced antigens culd eventually have a negative effect.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过改变血型的方式使得器官捐赠更为普遍。
9．Which f the fllwing may decide the bld type f a persn?
A．Sugar.B．Enzymes.
C．Antibdy.D．Antigens.
D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bld types are largely n the surface f cells.”可知，血型主要是由细胞表面有无抗原来界定的。
10．Why shuld the bld type f the dnr rgans be changed int type O?
A．Type O is better than ther bld types.
B．Type O is mre accessible t researchers.
C．Organs with type O can be mre acceptable.
D．Organs with type O can help digest antigens.
C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Peple with the mst cmmn bld type, O． peple with
ther bld types.”可知，O型血中不存在抗原，所以他们的器官可以被不同血型的人接受。
11．What d we knw abut the treated lungs frm the passage?
A．The bld type was temprarily changed.
B．Signs f severe rejectin happened t them.
C．There was n effective way t keep them alive.
D．The enzymes were f little use in the treatment.
A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They fund the enzymes culd type O．”可知，血型A捐赠者肺里97%的A型抗原已经被清除，这意味着这些细胞已经被暂时转化为血型O。
12．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Practical suggestins fr future study.
B．Detailed explanatins f the findings.
C．Ptential applicatins f the discvery.
D．Majr limitatins f the present study.
D 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段主要是在讲目前研究存在的一些局限性。