2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题__上下语境觅答案课件

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题__上下语境觅答案课件，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了技法点拨等内容，欢迎下载使用。
[题型分析]　　词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。
[选项特征]　　1．正确选项特征　　(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系；　　(2)上下文逻辑通顺；　　(3)与原句意思最接近；　　(4)代入原文，最为得体。
　　2．干扰选项特征　　(1)与所考词汇形似；　　(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项；　　(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
题型一　词句猜测题在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容有着紧密的联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下， 然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果学生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。
[典例1]　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)　　In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
32．What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in this paragraph prbably mean?A．If read by smene prly educated. B．If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.C．If written by smene less cmpetent.D．If translated by smene unacademic.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the phrase “In the wrng hands”和in this paragraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。利用逻辑关系猜测词义，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：1．“语法关系”猜词义
[典例2]　(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)　　Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.29．What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Clear-up.B．Add-n.C．Check-in.D．Take-ver.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词underlined wrd “declutter”和paragraph 3。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第三段中的“Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.”可知，画线词的下一句就是对the digital declutter的解释，根据下文中的step away frm可知，画线词意为“清除、清理”。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：2．“逻辑关系”猜词义
[典例3]　“This is ne f the mst creative and valuable technlgies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Jhnsn f Carzalia Farm in a statement, wh has used Carbn Rbtics' technlgy n his farm. “I expect the rbts t g mainstream because f hw effectively they address sme f farming's mst critical issues, including the veruse f chemicals, prcess efficiency, and labr. The sky is the limit.” It's n surprise that the 2021 mdel f the Autnmus Weeder has already sld ut, even cnsidering its price tag which was quted at “hundreds f thusands f dllars”．
　　The de-weeding methd f the rbt is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices. Cst-effective weed cntrl is the biggest barrier t entry with rganic farming, and agriculturalists lking t make the switch finally have an alternative t help them get their vegetables ut t peple.
33．What des the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.” mean in paragraph 4?A．The rbts wn't spread widely.B．The inventin is very prmising.C．The weeder addresses limited issues.D．The technlgy needs further imprvement.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，寻找关键词the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.”和paragraph 4。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第四段中的“It's n surprise that the 2021 mdel f the Autnmus Weeder has already sld ut, even cnsidering its price tag which was quted at ‘hundreds f thusands f dllars’．”可知，该除草机非常实用，2021款除草机已经卖完，该句是对画线句的进一步解释说明，由此可知，画线句应意为“这项发明很有前景”。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
技法点拨：3．“语境吻合”猜句意
题型二　代词指代题在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、ne、thse等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/ne/thse可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
[典例4]　(2024·浙江卷1月阅读B片段)　　When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”．
24．What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?A．The play.B．The shared huse.C．The sfa.D．The telephne bx.
[解析]　第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the wrd “it”和underlined in the first paragraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。第三步：比对选项得出答案。
A  　　(2024·梅州二模)A secnd-grade educatin has nt stpped garbage cllectr Jse Gutierrez. He is bringing the gift f reading t thusands f Clmbian children.
　　Gutierrez started saving bks frm the trash 27 years ag. He was driving a garbage truck at night thrugh the cuntry's richer neighbrhds. The bks that were thrwn away slwly piled up. Nw the grund flr f his small huse is a cmmunity library. It is stacked (堆放) frm flr t ceiling. They range frm chemistry textbks t children's classics.
　　Bks are luxuries fr bys and girls in lw-incme neighbrhds. New reading material at bkstres is t expensive. There are 19 public libraries in Bgta, a city f 8.5 millin peple. But the libraries tend t be lcated far away frm prer areas.“They shuld be in all neighbrhds and n each crner f every neighbrhd，”the 60-year-ld says.“Bks can save us. That is what Clmbia needs.”
　　Gutierrez has a lve f reading, which cmes frm his mther. She always read t him even thugh she was t pr t keep him in schl. Gutierrez is a keen reader f wrks by authrs such as Le Tlsty and Victr Hug. His favrite bks include One Hundred Years f Slitude and The General in His Labyrinth by Clmbia's Nbel Prize-winning nvelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The first bk Gutierrez fund was a cpy f the classic nvel Anna Karenina. The Tlsty bk was later jined by The Little Prince, Sphie's Wrld, The Iliad and a number f nvels. Tday, he has cllected arund 25，000 bks.
　　Nw, Gutierrez still lks thrugh the rubbish fr additins t his library, named “The Strength f Wrds”. His fame as Clmbia's “Lrd f the Bks” has helped a lt. It has brught him thusands f dnated bks. He has sent many t ther libraries arund the cuntry. Mrever, Gutierrez has traveled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t share his experience f starting a library with the bks that are thrwn away.
　　Gutierrez says he desn't reject technlgy that allws bks t be read digitally. But he prefers t read the printed wrds n paper.“There is nthing mre beautiful than having a bk in yur pcket, in yur bag r inside yur car.”【语篇解读】　文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚的孩子们的故事。
1．Hw ld was Gutierrez when he started saving bks frm the trash?A．In his twenties.　　B．In his thirties.C．In his frties.D．In his fifties.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Gutierrez started saving bks frm the trash 27 years ag.”和第三段中的“the 60-year-ld says”可知，古铁雷斯三十几岁时开始从垃圾桶里捡书。
2．What des the underlined wrd “They” in paragraph 3 refer t?A．Luxury bks.B．Garbage trucks.C．Public libraries.D．Pr areas.C　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前两句可知，画线词They指代上文的public libraries。
3．What did the bk Anna Karenina mean t Gutierrez?A．The beginning f his charity prject.B．A windw t the wrld.C．One f his greatest achievements in life.D．Sme cmfrt in difficult times.A　推理判断题。根据第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古铁雷斯收集的第一本书，之后他又收集了大约25 000 本书。由此可推知，这本书对古铁雷斯来说意味着他慈善事业的开始。
4．Which f the fllwing sayings des Gutierrez's stry lead us t believe?A．Actins speak luder than wrds.B．A gd bk can shine a light upn the sul.C．One man's trash is anther man's treasure.D．The palest ink is better than the best memry.C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾桶中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚低收入家庭的孩子们的故事，由此可推知，古铁雷斯的故事让我们相信“一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的财富”。
B  　　(2024·合肥二模)Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-lds were tested with their fellws under different circumstances f transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in sme settings was transparent, and ther settings in which nly the giver f stickers knew hw many stickers he culd give.
They had children give ut stickers in bth settings. The results were striking: Children were cnsistently generus nly when the receiver and audience f the stickers were fully aware f the dnatin ptins. Children were ntably ungenerus when the receiver f stickers culdn't see the ptins.
　　The researchers said, “Children nly shwed cnsistently pr-scial behavir in ur study in the cnditin when they culd see the receiver and their allcatins (分配物) were fully visible; in all ther cnditins, children were statistically ungenerus, giving the receiver the smaller amunt f stickers.”
　　They made the cnclusins that at a very early age, children are learning hw t psitin themselves scially. Well befre they apprehend the scilgy f their netwrks and what scial reputatin really means, they think strategically abut giving as a functin f hw they can gain a reputatin with a peer as a generus citizen r pr-scial agent when the receiver bserves them.
　　Children change their behavir in respnse t having an audience. Help children give t thers in full view, delivering meals t families, and in private, drpping ff treats r surprises fr thse wh need supprt withut signing their names. Als, children shuld be reminded that thank-yu ntes are lvely but unnecessary t receive. When we give gifts r lend help t thers, try t help children remember why they shuld prvide smething fr anther. It really desn't have t be recgnized. When a thank-yu card desn't cme, it desn't make a gift any less valuable r meaningful fr thse wh were lucky enugh t receive.
【语篇解读】　研究表明，当别人意识到孩子的捐赠行为时，孩子会更慷慨。文章介绍了这一研究结果并就如何从小培养慷慨提出了建议。
5．What did the researchers discver?A．The givers' behavir greatly inspired the receivers t help in return.B．The children gave ut an equal number f stickers in bth settings.C．The presence f an audience affected children's decisins t give.D．Dnating helped children t becme mre generus in the future.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Children were cnsistently the receiver f stickers culdn't see the ptins.”可知，研究人员发现观众的存在影响了孩子们所做的决定。
6．Which is pr-scial behavir accrding t the researchers?A．Observing the givers.B．Dnating mre stickers.C．Gaining a reputatin.D．Receiving mre allcatins.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Children nly shwed cnsistently pr-scial fully visible”可知，研究人员认为捐赠更多贴纸是亲社会行为。
7．What des the underlined wrd “apprehend” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Share.B．Predict.C．Cnfirm.D．Understand.D　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They made the cnclusins themselves scially.”及画线词后的“the scilgy f their netwrks and what scial reputatin really means”可知，孩子们早在他们理解网络的社会学以及社会声誉的真正含义之前就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。apprehend意为“理解”。