专题01 AI在高等教育中的困境 - 2025年高考英语二轮复习时文阅读训练
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AI在高等教育中的困境
【话题·导语】
在技术和学术界的动态互动中,复旦大学最近决定对本科生论文中使用人工智能实施严格的规定,这引发了公众的争论。这些规定概括了六项禁令,强调了维护学术诚信和培养原创思维的必要性。
【原文·外刊阅读】
AI has created a dilemma in higher educatin
(文章来源:China Daily)
As a prfessr, I have delved int the nuances f the regulatins, explring their ratinale, implicatins and the brader ethical and nrmative challenges they raise within the higher educatin landscape. And by drawing cmparisns with internatinal practices, I aim t prvide cncrete suggestins fr managing AI usage in higher educatin.
Duble-edged swrd f AI in educatin
The rapid evlutin f AI technlgy has revlutinized varius sectrs, including educatin. It presents unprecedented pprtunities fr advancing learning, enhancing research efficiency and refining data analysis. Hwever, like any pwerful tl, AI als pses risks. Its misuse, particularly in academic writing, jepardizes the sanctity f riginal research and undermines the fundamental essence f academic pursuit. Thus, Fudan University's regulatins emerge as a necessary crrective measure t address this burgening cncern.
Several cuntries and higher educatin institutins glbally, t, have been grappling with the implicatins f AI in academic writing and research. Fr instance, several universities in the United Kingdm have issued guidelines, emphasizing the imprtance f riginal wrk and warning against the misuse f AI in academic writing. Sme institutins have even intrduced sftware t detect AI-generated cntent, ensuring the authenticity f submitted research wrk.
Universities in the United States have taken a mre nuanced apprach, encuraging the respnsible use f AI while maintaining rigrus standards fr academic hnesty. Institutins such as Harvard and Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy have integrated AI literacy int their curriculums, fstering critical thinking and ethical cnsideratins in technlgy use.
And Australian universities have implemented strict penalties fr plagiarism, including AI-generated cntent. They have als emphasized the imprtance f fstering a culture f integrity and ethical cnduct amng students.
Ethics and nrms basis f academic integrity
Fudan University's regulatins are grunded in a cmmitment t ethics and nrms in academic endeavrs. Ethics, as the guiding principle f behavir, ensure adherence t mral standards, fairness and cnscience. Nrms, n the ther hand, ffer cncrete guidelines fr cnduct in specific situatins.
Tgether, they frm the crnerstne f academic integrity, preserving the authenticity and impartiality f research findings. By prhibiting the use f AI in generating r altering raw data and directly prducing text fr dissertatins, Fudan University aims t uphld the highest standards f academic hnesty.
The ratinale behind Fudan's regulatins stems frm the preservatin f academic integrity and the cultivatin f independent thinking. They address a pressing issue: the decline in students' writing and critical thinking skills due t ver-reliance n AI. By setting clear bundaries, Fudan seeks t steer students tward mre authentic and riginal cntributins t knwledge.
Striking balance between innvatin and regulatin
The debate surrunding Fudan University's regulatins highlights the need t strike a delicate balance between innvatin and regulatin in higher educatin. Innvatin drives prgress and is essential fr knwledge advancement. Regulatin, hwever, ensures that innvatin ccurs within ethical and nrmative bundaries, preserving the integrity f academic endeavrs.
T achieve this balance, higher educatin institutins must adpt a hlistic apprach. They shuld encurage the explratin f AI's legitimate applicatins while rigrusly enfrcing ethical and nrmative standards. This invlves integrating AI literacy int curricula, fstering critical thinking skills, and prmting a culture f integrity thrugh mral educatin and prfessinal ethics training.
Fudan University's regulatins resnate beynd academia, tuching n brader ethical and nrmative cnsideratins in the age f AI. They prmpt reflectin n the rle f technlgy in shaping human behavir and values. As AI increasingly permeates varius aspects f ur lives, it is crucial t establish ethical guidelines and regulatry framewrks t ensure its respnsible use.
The regulatins underscre the imprtance f individual respnsibility in maintaining ethical standards. While institutins play a pivtal rle in setting nrms and enfrcing regulatins, individuals must als take wnership f their actins and uphld ethical principles in daily life.
In cnclusin, Fudan University's regulatins n the use f AI in undergraduate dissertatins, alng with internatinal perspectives and practices, prvide valuable insights int managing the ethical and nrmative challenges psed by technlgy in higher educatin.
【原创·阅读理解】
1. What measures have UK universities taken t deal with AI in academic writing?
A. They have integrated AI literacy int curriculums.
B. They have implemented strict penalties fr plagiarism.
C. They have issued guidelines and intrduced detectin sftware.
D. They have encuraged the respnsible use f AI.
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章 “Several universities in the United Kingdm have issued guidelines, emphasizing the imprtance f riginal wrk and warning against the misuse f AI in academic writing. Sme institutins have even intrduced sftware t detect AI - generated cntent” 可知,英国的大学发布了指导方针并引入检测软件来应对学术写作中的人工智能问题,所以 C 选项正确。A 选项是美国大学的做法;B 选项是澳大利亚大学的做法;D 选项也是美国大学的做法。
2. Why des Fudan University prhibit the use f AI in generating r altering raw data fr dissertatins?
A. T imprve students' writing skills.
B. T ensure students' independent thinking.
C. T maintain academic integrity and cultivate independent thinking.
D. T prmte the develpment f AI technlgy.
【答案】C
【解析】文中提到 “The ratinale behind Fudan's regulatins stems frm the preservatin f academic integrity and the cultivatin f independent thinking.”,复旦大学禁止在论文生成或修改原始数据中使用人工智能是为了维护学术诚信和培养学生独立思考能力,C 选项符合原文表述。A 选项提高学生写作技能只是其中一个方面,不全面;B 选项确保学生独立思考表述片面;D 选项促进人工智能技术发展与原文不符。
3. What can we infer frm the passage abut the rle f higher educatin institutins in managing AI usage?
A. They shuld nly fcus n setting regulatins.
B. They shuld slely encurage the explratin f AI's applicatins.
C. They need t balance innvatin and regulatin.
D. They have n influence n students' use f AI.
【答案】C
【解析】文章提到 “The debate surrunding Fudan University's regulatins highlights the need t strike a delicate balance between innvatin and regulatin in higher educatin.” 以及 “T achieve this balance, higher educatin institutins must adpt a hlistic apprach.”,由此可推断出高等教育机构在管理人工智能使用方面需要平衡创新与监管,C 选项正确。A 选项 “nly fcus n setting regulatins” 过于绝对;B 选项 “slely encurage the explratin f AI's applicatins” 片面;D 选项与原文不符,高等教育机构对学生使用人工智能有重要影响。
4. What is the authr's attitude twards Fudan University's regulatins n AI use in undergraduate dissertatins?
A. Negative.
B. Psitive.
C. Neutral.
D. Indifferent.
【答案】B
【解析】文章最后提到 “In cnclusin, Fudan University's regulatins n the use f AI in undergraduate dissertatins, alng with internatinal perspectives and practices, prvide valuable insights int managing the ethical and nrmative challenges psed by technlgy in higher educatin.”,作者认为复旦大学关于本科毕业论文中人工智能使用的规定提供了宝贵的见解,可见作者对其持积极态度,B 选项正确。A 选项消极、C 选项中立、D 选项漠不关心均不符合文意。
【高频词汇训练】
根据要求完成句子
1.The rigin f the Dragn Bat Festival is t recall the sul f Qu Yuan. (英译汉)
【答案】龙舟节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的灵魂。
【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析所给英文句子,“The rigin”为主语,意为“起源”,“f the Dragn Bat Festival”为介词短语作后置定语修饰主语,意为“龙舟节的”,“is”为谓语,意为“是”,“t recall the sul f Qu Yuan”为不定式作表语,意为“为了缅怀屈原的灵魂”。故译为:龙舟节的起源是为了缅怀屈原的灵魂。
2.Later, I had a chance t experience authentic Chinese fd by cming t China. (英译汉)
【答案】后来,我来到中国,有机会品尝地道的中国食物。
【详解】考查非谓语动词。Later意为“后来”;I had a chance t experience authentic Chinese fd意为“有机会品尝地道的中国食物”,陈述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时, t experience authentic Chinese fd为动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词chance;by意为“通过”;cming t China意为“来到中国”,此处为动名词短语作介词by的宾语。故翻译成:后来,我来到中国,有机会品尝地道的中国食物。
3.它还试图教孩子们有关他们所生活的世界的基本的东西。(介词+ which, fundamental) (汉译英)
【答案】It als tries t teach children fundamental things abut the wrld in which they live.
【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、时态。表示“它”含义的表达为:it;表示“还”含义的表达为:als;表示“试图……”含义的表达为:try t d,因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,因主语为单数第三人称,谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式;表示“教孩子们基本的东西”含义的表达为:teach children fundamental things;表示“有关世界的”含义的表达为:abut the wrld,在句子中作定语,修饰things;“他们所生活的”为定语从句,先行词为:the wrld,因先行词在定语从句中作状语表示地点,使用in which引导定语从句,因从句表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时,故翻译为:It als tries t teach children fundamental things abut the wrld in which they live。
4.这一变化使蒸汽机的效率大大提高。(efficient) (汉译英)
【答案】That change made the steam engine much mre efficient.
【详解】考查形容词、短语和时态。 主语“这一变化”表示为that change;谓语部分为:make+宾语+宾补表示“使……处于某种状态”,形容词efficient作宾补,“大大”much mre,宾语是“蒸汽机”steam engine,陈述过去事情,用一般过去时,故翻译为That change made the steam engine much mre efficient.
5.与之前的研究相比,新的研究扩大了研究对象。(cmparisn) (汉译英)
【答案】In cmparisn with the previus study, the new study expanded research subjects.
【详解】考查介词短语和时态。根据所给中文句子和提示词可知,“与之前的研究相比”可用介词短语:in cmparisn with意为“与……相比”,“之前的研究”译为“the previus study”,“新的研究”作主语,译为“the new study”,“扩大了”为谓语,用动词expand,描述已发生的事,用一般过去时,“研究对象”作宾语,译为“research subjects”。故译为:In cmparisn with the previus study, the new study expanded research subjects.
6.至关重要的是我们要结合不同学科的知识来应对气候变化。(crucial) (汉译英)
【答案】What is crucial is that we cmbine the knwledge f different disciplines t cmbat climate change.
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。表示“至关重要的”使用了主语从句what is crucial作主句的主语;表示“是”应用is作句子的谓语;表示“我们要结合不同学科的知识来应对气候变化”应用表语从句 we cmbine the knwledge f different disciplines t cmbat climate change作主句的表语, 当表语从句不缺少成分,也不缺少意思,用连接代词that引导。故翻译为What is crucial is that we cmbine the knwledge f different disciplines t cmbat climate change。
7.那些志愿去做好事的人从来就不图金钱回报,他们认为问心无愧是至关重要的。(cnscience) (汉译英)
【答案】Thse wh vlunteer t d gd deeds never seek mnetary rewards and they believe that a clear cnscience is essential.
【详解】考查定语从句、宾语从句和固定短语。翻译“那些志愿去做好事的人”时可以使用定语从句去修饰先行词“人(thse)”,“志愿做某事”可以使用固定短语“vlunteer t d”,“做好事”可以使用固定短语“d gd deeds”,即:thse wh vlunteer t d gd deeds。“从来就不图金钱回报”可以翻译为: never seek mnetary rewards。“他们认为问心无愧是至关重要的”可以使用宾语从句来翻译,问心无愧:a clear cnscience,至关重要的: essential,即:They believe that a clear cnscience is essential.逗号前后两部分汉意可以使用并列连词and连接。故翻译为:Thse wh vlunteer t d gd deeds never seek mnetary rewards and they believe that a clear cnscience is essential.
8. children in primary schls the basic skills f literacy is high n the agenda.(使有准备)
【答案】 Equipping with
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:让小学生具备识字的基本技能已提上议事日程。短语“equip sb with sth”为固定搭配,表示“使某人具备有”。分析句子可知,__children in primary schls with the basic skills f literacy是句子的主语,equip后有宾语,要用v-ing形式,故本题填 (1). Equipping (2). with。
【参考译文】
作为一名教授,我深入研究了这些规定的细微之处,探究其背后的基本原理、影响,以及它们在高等教育领域引发的更广泛的伦理和规范挑战。通过与国际惯例进行比较,我旨在为高等教育中人工智能的使用管理提供具体建议。
人工智能在教育中的双刃剑
人工智能技术的快速发展给包括教育在内的各个领域带来了革命性变化。它为推进学习、提高研究效率和优化数据分析带来了前所未有的机遇。然而,如同任何强大的工具一样,人工智能也存在风险。尤其是在学术写作中滥用人工智能,会危及原创研究的神圣性,破坏学术追求的根本本质。因此,复旦大学的相关规定应运而生,成为应对这一日益凸显问题的必要纠正措施。
全球多个国家和高等教育机构也一直在应对人工智能在学术写作和研究中带来的影响。例如,英国的几所大学发布了指导方针,强调原创工作的重要性,并警告在学术写作中滥用人工智能的危害。一些机构甚至引入了检测人工智能生成内容的软件,以确保提交的研究成果的真实性。
美国的大学采取了更为细致入微的方法,在鼓励负责任地使用人工智能的同时,维持严格的学术诚信标准。像哈佛和麻省理工学院等机构已将人工智能素养融入课程设置,培养学生在使用技术时的批判性思维和伦理考量。
澳大利亚的大学对抄袭行为,包括使用人工智能生成内容,实施了严厉的处罚措施。他们还强调在学生中培养诚信和合乎道德行为文化的重要性。
学术诚信的伦理与规范基础
复旦大学的规定建立在对学术活动中伦理和规范的坚守之上。伦理作为行为的指导原则,确保人们遵守道德标准、秉持公平和良知。而规范则为特定情境下的行为提供具体指引。
两者共同构成了学术诚信的基石,维护研究成果的真实性和公正性。复旦大学通过禁止在生成或修改原始数据以及直接为学位论文生成文本时使用人工智能,旨在维护最高标准的学术诚信。
复旦大学这些规定背后的基本原理源于对学术诚信的维护以及对学生独立思考能力的培养。它们解决了一个紧迫的问题:由于过度依赖人工智能,学生的写作和批判性思维能力出现下降。通过设定明确的界限,复旦大学旨在引导学生为知识做出更真实、原创的贡献。
在创新与监管之间寻求平衡
围绕复旦大学规定展开的辩论凸显了在高等教育中,在创新与监管之间寻求微妙平衡的必要性。创新推动进步,对知识的发展至关重要。然而,监管确保创新在伦理和规范的框架内进行,维护学术活动的诚信。
为实现这一平衡,高等教育机构必须采取全面的方法。他们应鼓励探索人工智能的合理应用,同时严格执行伦理和规范标准。这包括将人工智能素养融入课程,培养批判性思维技能,并通过道德教育和职业道德培训营造诚信文化。
复旦大学的规定影响超出了学术界,涉及到人工智能时代更广泛的伦理和规范考量。它们促使人们思考技术在塑造人类行为和价值观方面的作用。随着人工智能日益渗透到我们生活的方方面面,建立道德准则和监管框架以确保其负责任的使用至关重要。
这些规定强调了个人在维护道德标准方面的责任。虽然机构在设定规范和执行规定方面发挥关键作用,但个人也必须对自己的行为负责,在日常生活中坚守道德原则。
总之,复旦大学关于本科毕业论文中人工智能使用的规定,结合国际视角和实践,为应对高等教育中技术带来的伦理和规范挑战提供了宝贵的见解。
Ⅰ.文章话题导入
Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读
Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习
Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练
Ⅴ.参考译文赏析
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