2025年新高考英语二轮复习专题练--专题一　阅读理解（含答案）

这是一份2025年新高考英语二轮复习专题练--专题一　阅读理解（含答案），共343页。试卷主要包含了50 per sessin，75，00等内容，欢迎下载使用。
五年高考
新高考专练

题组一 2024新课标Ⅰ
Passage 1(2024新课标Ⅰ,A) 主题：环境保护
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restre and prtect Marin’s natural areas frm the Marin Headlands t Blinas Ridge. We’ll explre beautiful park sites while cnducting invasive(侵入的) plant remval, winter planting, and seed cllectin. Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species acrss the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Grups f five r mre require special arrangements and must be cnfirmed in advance. Please review the List f Available Prjects and fill ut the Grup Prject Request Frm.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. Read ur Yuth Plicy Guidelines fr yuth under the age f 15.
Bring yur cmpleted Vlunteer Agreement Frm. Vlunteers under the age f 18 must have the parent/guardian apprval sectin signed.
We’ll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary.
Bring a persnal water bttle, sunscreen, and lunch.
N experience necessary. Training and tls will be prvided. Fulfills(满足) cmmunity service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS

1. What is the aim f the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. T discver mineral resurces.
B. T develp new wildlife parks.
C. T prtect the lcal ecsystem.
D. T cnduct bilgical research.
2. What is the lwer age limit fr jining the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. 5.B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. What are the vlunteers expected t d?
A. Bring their wn tls.B. Wrk even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team unifrm.D. D at least three prjects.
Passage 2(2024新课标Ⅰ,B) 主题：跨文化合作
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture(针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians(兽医) nw practicing “hlistic”medicine—cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
1. What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him?
A. He’s dd. B. He’s strict.
C. He’s brave.D. He’s rude.
2. Why did Farber decide t try acupuncture n pets?
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by anther veterinarian.
C. He benefited frm it as a patient.
D. He wanted t save mney fr pet wners.
3. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C. Examples f rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
4. Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?
A. T prve Farber’s pint.
B. T emphasize its imprtance.
C. T praise veterinarians.
D. T advcate animal prtectin.
Passage 3(2024新课标Ⅰ,C) 主题：善于学习
Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n.” The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—t nes that require mental abstractin—such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis(假说).” Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi(音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies—say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.

1. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
2. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.
D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
3. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students’ attentin.
B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.
D. They are mre infrmative than text.
4. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
Passage 4(2024新课标Ⅰ,D) 主题：自然科学研究成果
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places—and even species—that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”

1. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.
B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
2. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
3. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.
D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
4. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.
B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.
D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
题组二 2024新课标Ⅱ
Passage 5(2024新课标Ⅱ,A) 主题：体育活动
Chice f Walks fr Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlw Autumn Walking Festival is a great pprtunity fr the beginner, experienced r advanced walker t enjy the challenges f Carlw’s muntain hikes r the peace f its wdland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural Wrld
With envirnmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk prmises t be an infrmative tur. Walkers are sure t learn lts abut the habitats and natural wrld f the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st Octber, at 09:00
Start Pint: Scrates Bridge
Walk Duratin: 6 hurs
Walk 2—Intrductin t Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passin fr making the great utdrs accessible t all. This muntain walk prvides an insight int the skills required fr hillwalking t ensure yu get the mst frm future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd Octber, at 09:00
Start Pint: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duratin: 5 hurs
Walk 3—Mnlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way t step ut f yur cmfrt zne. Breathtaking views f the lwlands f Carlw can be enjyed in the presence f welcming guides frm lcal walking clubs. A trch(手电筒) alng with suitable clthing is essential fr walking in the dark. Thse wh are dressed inapprpriately will be refused permissin t participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st Octber, at 18:30
Start Pint: The Twn Hall
Walk Duratin: 3 hurs
Walk 4—Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest
This infrmative walk led by Richard Smyth intrduces yu t the basic principles f phtgraphy in the wild. Bring alng yur camera and enjy the wnderful views alng this well-surfaced frest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd Octber, at 11:45
Start Pint: Kilbrannish Frest Recreatin Area
Walk Duratin: 1.5 hurs

1. Which walk takes the shrtest time?
A. The Natural Wrld.
B. Intrductin t Hillwalking.
C. Mnlight Under the Stars.
D. Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required t d?
A. Wear prper clthes.
B. Jin a walking club.
C. Get special permits.
D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What d the fur walks have in cmmn?
A. They invlve difficult climbing.
B. They are fr experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start pint.
D. They are scheduled fr the weekend.
Passage 6(2024新课标Ⅱ,B) 主题：社会服务
D yu ever get t the train statin and realize yu frgt t bring smething t read? Yes, we all have ur phnes, but many f us still like t g ld schl and read smething printed.
Well, there’s a kisk(小亭) fr that. In the San Francisc Bay Area, at least.
“Yu enter the fare gates(检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit—knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched last March. Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
Trst als wants t intrduce lcal writers t lcal riders. “We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,” Trst says. “And as f right nw, we’ve received abut 120 submissins. The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.”
Ridership n transit(交通) systems acrss the cuntry has been dwn the past half century, s culd shrt stries save transit?
Trst thinks s.
“At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.
And yu’ll never be withut smething t read.

1. Why did BART start the kisk prgram?
A. T prmte the lcal culture.
B. T discurage phne use.
C. T meet passengers’ needs.
D. T reduce its running csts.
2. Hw are the stries categrized in the kisk?
A. By ppularity.B. By length.
C. By theme.D. By language.
3. What has Trst been ding recently?
A. Organizing a stry cntest.
B. Ding a survey f custmers.
C. Chsing a print publisher.
D. Cnducting interviews with artists.
4. What is Trst’s pinin abut BART’s future?
A. It will clse dwn.
B. Its prfits will decline.
C. It will expand natinwide.
D. Its ridership will increase.
Passage 7(2024新课标Ⅱ,C) 主题：技术创新
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd(容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins(排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
1. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.
B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.
D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
2. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.
B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.
D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
3. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
4. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.
B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.
D. BMF’s technical standards.
Passage 8(2024新课标Ⅱ,D) 主题：社会热点问题
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin(变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.

1. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.
B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.
D. If translated by smene unacademic.
2. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.
B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.
D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
3. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
4. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.
B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.
D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
题组三 2023新课标Ⅰ
Passage 9(2023新课标Ⅰ,A) 主题：社会服务
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
1. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.
B. It ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.
D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22.75.D. 29.50.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
Passage 10(2023新课标Ⅰ,B) 主题：环境保护
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.
B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He lnged t be a dctr.
2. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
3. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.
B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.
D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
4. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.
D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
Passage 11(2023新课标Ⅰ,C) 主题：健康生活
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
1. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.
D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
2. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.
C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
3. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
4. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
Passage 12(2023新课标Ⅰ,D) 主题：社会交往
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If, fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.
Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
1. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.
B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.
D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
2. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if .
A. the crwds were relatively small
B. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicate
D. estimates were nt fully independent
3. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
4. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
题组四 2023新课标Ⅱ
Passage 13(2023新课标Ⅱ,A) 主题：环境保护
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills—jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10—Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?
A. Phtgraphy Wrkshps.
B. Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
2. What is the shrt talk at Artist Pint abut?
A. Wrks f famus artists.B. Prtectin f wild animals.
C. Basic phtgraphy skills.D. Histry f the canyn area.
3. Where will the participants meet fr the July 10 phtgraphy wrkshp?
A. Artist Pint.B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyn Village Stre.D. Visitr Educatin Center.
Passage 14(2023新课标Ⅱ,B) 主题：健康生活
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,”Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
1. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.
B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.
D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
2. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.
D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl Gardens
B. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable Lvers
D. Changing Lcal Landscape
Passage 15(2023新课标Ⅱ,C) 主题：艺术
Reading Art:Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect(才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway,artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
1. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.
B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.
D. A review f mdern paintings.
2. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.
B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.
D. Wrk and leisure.
3. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
4. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
Passage 16(2023新课标Ⅱ,D) 主题：人与环境
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding(编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
1. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
2. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.
D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
3. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
4. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.
D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
题组五 2022新高考Ⅰ
Passage 17(2022新高考Ⅰ,A) 主题：学校生活
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A;80-89, B;70-79, C;60-69, D;Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class’ lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.
C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
2. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
Passage 18(2022新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：环境保护
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much;I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
1. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.
B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.
D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
2. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
3. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.
D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
4. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.
B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
Passage 19(2022新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：社会服务
The elderly residents in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl.
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said:“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
1. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
2. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
3. What d the underlined wrds“embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
4. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.
B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.
D. It takes ages t see the results.
Passage 20(2022新高考Ⅰ,D) 主题：人类文明
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip(嘴唇)t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure, making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved(进化) arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
1. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Dami?n Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.
C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
2. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
4. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
题组六 2022新高考Ⅱ
Passage 21(2022新高考Ⅱ,A) 主题：社会服务
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices(发票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne(监护人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
Hurs
The Museum is pen daily frm 9:30 am t 4:30 pm.
Grup Play may be scheduled during any day r time the Museum is pen.
Registratin Plicy
Registratin must be made at least tw weeks in advance.
Register nline r fill ut a Grup Play Registratin Frm with multiple date and start time ptins.
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chapernes shuld mdel gd behavir fr the grup and remain with students at all times.
●Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum.
●Children shuld play nicely with each ther and exhibits.
●Use yur indr vice when at the Museum.
1. What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?
A. Prepay the admissin fees.
B. Use the Museum’s transprtatin.
C. Take a survey after the visit.
D. Schedule their visit n weekdays.
2. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One.B. Tw.C. Three.D. Fur.
3. What are children prhibited frm ding at the Museum?
A. Using the cmputer.B. Talking with each ther.
C. Tuching the exhibits.D. Explring the place alne.
Passage 22(2022新高考Ⅱ,B) 主题：科技发展
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes(戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star—tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
1. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me.
B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me.
D. Wrked quite well n me.
2. Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A. He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.
B. He disliked the clrful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa.
D. He wanted t read it by himself.
3. What des the authr think f himself?
A. Scially ambitius.B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent.D. Digitally cmpetent.
4. What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A. He lacks experience in his jb.
B. He seldm appears n televisin.
C. He manages a vide department.
D. He ften interviews internet stars.
Passage 23(2022新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：社会热点问题
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted(分心) driving was “nly increasing, unfrtunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need smething n the bks that can change peple’s behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state’s 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, “peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”
1. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers’ texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
2. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.
B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
3. What des the underlined wrd “smething” in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne:The Textalyzer
Passage 24(2022新高考Ⅱ,D) 主题：健康生活
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30- r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump(泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
1. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising.
B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit.
D. The aging prcess f the heart.
2. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
3. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
4. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
题组七 2021新高考Ⅰ
Passage 25(2021新高考Ⅰ,A) 主题：社会服务
Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社). The hstels in Rme ffer a bed in a drm rm fr arund $25 a night, and fr that, yu’ll ften get t stay in a central lcatin(位置) with security and cmfrt.
Yellw Hstel
If I had t make just ne recmmendatin fr where t stay in Rme, it wuld be Yellw Hstel. It’s ne f the best-rated hstels in the city, and fr gd reasn. It’s affrdable, and it’s gt a fun atmsphere withut being t nisy. As an added bnus, it’s clse t the main train statin.
Hstel Alessandr Palace
If yu lve scial hstels, this is the best hstel fr yu in Rme. Hstel Alessandr Palace is fun. Staff members hld plenty f bar events fr guests like free shts, bar crawls and karake. There’s als an area n the rftp fr hanging ut with ther travelers during the summer.
Yuth Statin Hstel
If yu’re lking fr cleanliness and a mdern hstel, lk n further than Yuth Statin. It ffers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty f ther benefits, t; it desn’t charge city tax; it has bth air cnditining and a heater fr the rms; it als has free Wi-Fi in every rm.
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes is lcated just a 10-minute walk frm the central city statin and it’s clse t all f the city’s main attractins. The staff is friendly and helpful, prviding yu with a map f the city when yu arrive, and ffering advice if yu require sme. Hwever, yu need t pay 2 eurs a day fr Wi-Fi.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f travelers wh chse t stay in a hstel?
A. Cmfrt.B. Security.C. Price.D. Lcatin.
2. Which htel best suits peple wh enjy an active scial life?
A. Yellw Hstel.
B. Hstel Alessandr Palace.
C. Yuth Statin Hstel.
D. Htel and Hstel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage f Htel and Hstel Des Artistes?
A. It gets nisy at night.B. Its staff is t talkative.
C. It charges fr Wi-Fi.D. It’s incnveniently lcated.
Passage 26(2021新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：丰富自我
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt,”Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said. “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say:‘Turn, turn!’”“Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
1. What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A. Read music.B. Play the pian.
C. Sing sngs. D. Fix the instruments.
2. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A. Bring. B. Well-paid.C. Demanding. D. Dangerus.
3. What des Tittertn need t practise?
A. Cunting the pages.
B. Recgnizing the “ndding”.
C. Catching falling bjects.
D. Perfrming in his wn style.
4. Why is Ms Rasppva’s husband “the wrst page turner”?
A. He has very pr eyesight.
B. He ignres the audience.
C. He has n interest in music.
D. He frgets t d his jb.
Passage 27(2021新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：环境保护
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl(水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry(迁徙的)waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
1. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.
B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.
D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
2. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
Passage 28(2021新高考Ⅰ,D) 主题：完善自我
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal(情感的)intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims.Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers,educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives(视角)frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
1. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
2. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
3. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
4. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
题组八 2021新高考Ⅱ
Passage 29(2021新高考Ⅱ,A) 主题：完善自我
Things t D in Yrkshire This Summer
Harrgate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrgate Music Festival has gne frm strength t strength. This year, we are celebrating ur 50th anniversary. We begin n 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicla Benedetti, presenting an amazing prgramme f Mzart pieces.
Dates:1 June-31 July Tickets:￡12-￡96
Jdie’s Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer mnths rll in, ur Gergian cuntry estate makes the perfect setting fr an utdr fitness sessin. Cme and wrk ut with ur qualified persnal trainer, Jdie McGregr, n the grunds f the Middletn Ldge estate.
We will be hlding a free taster sessin n 23rd May, at 10 am, t demnstrate the variety f effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available fr the taster sessin. Advance bkings are required (inf@).
Dates: 23 May-11 July Tickets:￡7.50 per sessin
Felt Picture Making
Wrking frm an inspiratinal picture, this wrkshp at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach yu the techniques yu will need t recreate yur picture in wl.
We will als discuss the rigins f felt (毛毡), what enables wl fibres t becme felt and hw the prcesses we use wrk.
Dates: 12 June-12 July Tickets:￡40 including materials
Figure It Out!—Playing with Math
A new exhibitin in Halifax uses everyday activities t explain the hidden math principles we all use n a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice cntainer hlds the mst liquid, and much mre. Discver hw architects, prduct designers and scientists use similar skills in their wrk.
Dates:7 May-10 June Tickets:Free
1. What shuld yu d if yu want t attend the taster sessin f Jdie’s fitness classes?
A. Jin a fitness club.
B. Pay a registratin fee.
C. Make a bking.
D. Hire a persnal trainer.
2. Hw much is the ticket fr Felt Picture Making?
A. ￡7.50.B. ￡12.C. ￡40.D. ￡96.
3. Which f the fllwing starts earliest?
A. Harrgate Music Festival.
B. Jdie’s Fitness Summer Classes.
C. Felt Picture Making.
D. Figure It Out!—Playing with Math.
Passage 30(2021新高考Ⅱ,B) 主题：人与动物
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽) that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn’t make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I’ve gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving—but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn’t wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they’d get up t mischief. We’d cme dwn in the mrning t find they’d turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m nt sad abut it. I’m hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
1. Why did the authr bring the tiger cubs hme?
A. T ensure their survival.
B. T bserve their differences.
C. T teach them life skills.
D. T let them play with his kids.
2. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.
C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
3. What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A. Bring.B. Tiring.C. Cstly.D. Risky.
4. Why did the authr decide t send Spt and Stripe back t the z?
A. They frightened the children.
B. They became difficult t cntain.
C. They annyed the neighburs.
D. They started fighting each ther.
Passage 31(2021新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：社会热点问题
A British wman wh wn a $1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld’s Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin(变革). “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt—whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star—int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I’ve seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists, mre than ever in ur schls.”
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria’s brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls.” It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries.”
1. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
2. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.
B. It increases artists’ incme.
C. It pens children’s mind.
D. It deserves greater attentin.
3. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t Schls
B. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in Britain
D. The Wrld’s Best Arts Teacher
Passage 32(2021新高考Ⅱ,D) 主题：科技发展
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that’s relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags(标签)n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture(质地)f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as crn and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it’s increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn’t believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry—and failed attempts t use technlgy—have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen’s Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1. What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Sil pllutin.B. Lack f wrkers.
C. Aging machines.D. Lw prfitability.
2. What will Sukkarieh’s rbt be able t d?
A. Mnitr the quality f grass.
B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Mve cattle t anther field.
D. Predict weather changes.
3. Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A. He wants t help them earn a living.
B. He thinks men can d the jb better.
C. He is inexperienced in using rbts.
D. He enjys the traditinal way f life.
4. Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value f cattle.
B. Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C. Make the jb mre appealing.
D. Keep cattle frm being stlen.
题组九 2020新高考Ⅰ
Passage 33(2020新高考Ⅰ,A) 主题：文学
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner’s chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
6 First Prizes:The bk Sky Pineer:A Phtbigraphy f Amelia Earhart signed by authr Crinne Szab and pilt Linda Finch.
50 Hnrable Mentins:Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Fllw all rules carefully t prevent disqualificatin.
■Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer. Yur pem can be any frmat, any number f lines.
■Write by hand r type n a single sheet f paper. Yu may use bth the frnt and back f the paper.
■On the same sheet f paper, write r type yur name, address, telephne number, and birth date.
■Mail yur entry t us by Octber 31 this year.
1. Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Six.
2. What will each f the hnrable mentin winners get?
A. A plane ticket.
B. A bk by Crinne Szab.
C. A special T-shirt.
D. A pht f Amelia Earhart.
3. Which f the fllwing will result in disqualificatin?
A. Typing yur pem ut.
B. Writing a pem f 120 wrds.
C. Using bth sides f the paper.
D. Mailing yur entry n Octber 30.
Passage 34(2020新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：终身学习
Jennifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr’s degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin (学费), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves:nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph’s Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jennifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t earn her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family—and that’s pretty pwerful.
1. What did Jennifer d after high schl?
A. She helped her dad with his wrk.
B. She ran the family farm n her wn.
C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.
D. She taught her sisters and brthers at hme.
2. Why did Jennifer chse the prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph’s Hspital in Marshfield?
A. T take care f her kids easily.
B. T learn frm the best nurses.
C. T save mney fr her parents.
D. T find a well-paid jb there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal?
A. Her health.B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputatin.D. Her chance f prmtin.
4. What can we learn frm Jennifer’s stry?
A. Time is mney.
B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff.
D. Educatin is the key t success.
Passage 35(2020新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：跨文化包容
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea:Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way:Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
1. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends’ invitatin.
B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.
D. His desire t regain health.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell’s rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerus.
4. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.
B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.
D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
Passage 36(2020新高考Ⅰ,D) 主题：健康生活
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly (表面上) participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test:the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we’re making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. Hwever, we’ll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?
1. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
2. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
3. Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
4. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
题组十 2020新高考Ⅱ
Passage 37(2020新高考Ⅱ,A) 主题：丰富自我
Pali Overnight Adventures ffers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.
Bradcasting Camp
Becme the next star reprter, news writer, directr r prducer. While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp. Every night it ges n the web, keeping parents and the wrld infrmed f the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the mvie Missin Impssible, Tm Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the clest jb ever. Campers wh sign up fr the 2-week secret agent camp can get t knw abut the life f real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills n the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If yur child enjys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license t an entirely new level. Campers will share their clrful ideas and imaginatin with each ther and wrk tgether t visualize, sketch and paint with nn-traditinal techniques t create the clest mural(壁画) which will be displayed in public fr all t see.
1. Hw many camps des Pali Overnight Adventures ffer this summer?
A. 2.B. 4.C. 17.D. 21.
2. What will campers d at the Bradcasting Camp?
A. Create a website.B. Run a news statin.
C. Meet a star reprter.D. Hld a dinner party.
3. Which camp will attract children wh are interested in cking?
A. Bradcasting Camp.B. Secret Agent Camp.
C. Culinary Camp.D. Street Art Camp.
Passage 38(2020新高考Ⅱ,B) 主题：社会交往
The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f “frbidden fruit” that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl(手枪).
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
“Please bring that pistl t me,” I said.“I’m ging t put it in my Grandma’s Bx.”
“What’s that?” they asked.
“It’s a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren,” I replied.
“Yu dn’t have grandchildren,” smene said.
“I dn’t nw,” I replied. “But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them.”
My imaginary Grandma’s Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year’s class. Then smene said, “Nw yu can use yur Grandma’s Bx.” Frm then n, instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, “That’s kay. Put it in yur Grandma’s Bx fr Grdn.”
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma’s Bx a reality.
1. What was the authr’s purpse in having the cnversatin with the students?
A. T cllect the water pistl.
B. T talk abut her grandchildren.
C. T recmmend sme tys.
D. T explain her teaching methd.
2. What d the underlined wrds “the ffender” in paragraph 8 refer t?
A. The student’s parent.
B. The maker f the Grandma’s Bx.
C. The authr’s grandchild.
D. The wner f the frbidden fruit.
3. What did the students d after they learned abut the birth f Grdn?
A. They went t play with the baby.
B. They asked t see the Grandma’s Bx.
C. They made a present fr Grdn.
D. They stpped asking their tys back.
4. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She enjys telling jkes.
B. She is a strict and smart teacher.
C. She lves ding wdwrk.
D. She is a respnsible grandmther.
Passage 39(2020新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：社会进步
In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible:the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway(晃动). The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design:Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean(赞歌) t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
1. What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A. It carried mre weight than it culd.
B. It swayed vilently in a strng wind.
C. Its radway was damaged by vehicles.
D. Its access was blcked by many peple.
2. Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski’s idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A. N design is well received everywhere.
B. Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C. Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D. Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
3. What des the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead t prgress.
B. Success results in vercnfidence.
C. Failure shuld be avided.
D. Success cmes frm jint effrts.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.
B. A shrt stry.
C. A bk review.
D. A research article.
Passage 40(2020新高考Ⅱ,D) 主题：环境保护
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet—string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld’s xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy(树冠层) f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants’ way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
They are nt called rainfrests fr nthing! Rainfrests can generate 75% f their wn rain. At least 80 inches f rain a year is nrmal—and in sme areas there may be as much as 430 inches f rain annually. This is real rain—yur umbrella may prtect yu in a shwer, but it wn’t keep yu dry if there is a full rainstrm. In just tw hurs, streams can rise ten t twenty feet. The humidity(湿气) f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.
1. What can we learn abut rainfrests frm the first paragraph?
A. They prduce xygen.B. They cver a vast area.
C. They are well managed.D. They are rich in wildlife.
2. Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f rainfrests?
A. Heavy rains.B. Big trees.
C. Small plants.D. Frest animals.
3. Why d the leaves and branches f different trees avid tuching each ther?
A. Fr mre sunlight.B. Fr mre grwing space.
C. Fr self-prtectin.D. Fr the detectin f insects.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Life-Giving RainfrestsB. The Law f the Jungle
C. Animals in the AmaznD. Weather in Rainfrests
其他卷加练

题组一 细节理解
Passage 41(2024全国甲,A) 主题：学校生活
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebratin f the Harvard cmmunity’s artistic creativity. We invite yu t jin us fr the cming ARTS FIRST. We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making activities. The festival is a public event fr Harvard and cmmunity members f all ages.
Light Awash in Waterclr
Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs,1880-1990:Int the Light.
Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity
Frm webs t ccns, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create sme f nature’s mst delicate and beautiful designs. Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Natural Histry t learn hw insects and ther invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft (手工艺) materials.
Wheel Thrwing
Jin instructrs frm the Ceramics Prgram and great ptters frm Quincy, Cabt and Mather Huses fr demnstratins using the ptter’s wheel. Then create yur wn masterpiece!
Knitting and Pm-Pm Making
Jin the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle t make pm-pms and tassels ut f thread, r pick up a pair f needles and learn t knit(编织).
1. What d we knw abut ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibitin f il paintings.
B. It ffers art curses fr all ages.
C. It presents recreatinal activities.
D. It is a majr turist attractin.
2. Which prgram will yu jin if yu’re interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Waterclr.
B. Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Thrwing.
D. Knitting and Pm-Pm Making.
3. What can yu d tgether with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditinal dance.
B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a lcal museum.
D. Feed invertebrates.
Passage 42(2024浙江一考,A) 主题：艺术
Tm Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, ft-stmping musical versin f a Mark Twain favrite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the gd stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr. That’s the lcal stage writing team that creates many f the Children’s Theatre f Cincinnati’s riginal musicals, alng with the hliday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner f Burlingtn is Tm Sawyer, and Rbbie McMath f Frt Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star actr f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime.”
McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sawyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Gvernr’s Schl fr the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.
1. Wh wrte the music fr “Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A. David Kisr.B. Je McDnugh.
C. Nathan Turner.D. Rbbie McMath.
2. What can we learn abut the tw actrs?
A. They study in the same schl.
B. They wrked tgether in “Ragtime”.
C. They are experienced n stage.
D. They became friends ten years ag.
3. What des Children’s Theatre prvide fr teachers?
A. Research funding.B. Training pprtunities.
C. Technical supprt.D. Educatinal resurces.
Passage 43(2023全国乙,A) 主题：著名人物
PRACTITIONERS
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in cmmn?
A. Ding teaching jbs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Perfrming surgery.
D. Being banned frm medicine.
2. Hw was Tan Yunxian different frm the ther practitiners?
A. She wrte a bk.B. She went thrugh trials.
C. She wrked as a dentist.D. She had frmal educatin.
3. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
Passage 44(2023浙江一考,A) 主题：个人成长
Explrers Camp
•Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4 pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9 am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1 pm t 4 pm).Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Cntent
Explrers Camp rganizes engaging arts, histry and science-related activities in every class, and fcuses n a range f tpics that emphasize active learning, explratin and,mst f all, fun! All camp sessins are created with age-apprpriate activities that are tailred t the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjy a staff-t-child rati ranging frm 1∶4 t 1∶7 depending n the age grup. Instructrs are passinate educatrs wh are experts in their fields and have undergne training and a backgrund check.
1. On which f the fllwing dates can yu cancel yur registratin with a full refund?
A. June 12.B. June 22.C. July 19.D. July 26.
2. Hw are campers divided int different grups?
A. By gender.B. By natinality.
C. By interest.D. By age.
3. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.
Passage 45(2022全国乙,A) 主题：艺术
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admissin t the exhibitin:17.15. There is n re-admissin.
Clsed:24-26 December and 1 January
Admissin
￡4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
1. What is the right time fr attending Raeburn’s English Cntempraries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs. 30 Oct.
C. Thurs. 6 Nv.D. Thurs. 13 Nv.
2. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. ￡4.B. ￡8.C. ￡12.D. ￡16.
3. Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?
A. They shuld g n Sunday mrnings.
B. They shuld cme frm art schls.
C. They must be led by teachers.
D. They must have ID cards with them.
Passage 46(2021全国乙,A) 主题：建筑
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme’s Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins—nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan’s desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat—tend t keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
·Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, Krea. Capacity:150,000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity:107,601. Opened:Octber 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity:106,572. Opened:September 17, 1960.
·Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity:104,944. Opened:Octber 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U.S. Capacity:102,512. Opened:September 24,1927.
1. Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A. 104,944.B. 107,601.
C. Abut 150,000.D. Abut 250,000.
2. Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohi Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
3. What d the listed stadiums have in cmmn?
A. They hst big games.
B. They have becme turist attractins.
C. They were built by Americans.
D. They are favred by architects.
Passage 47(2021全国甲,A) 主题：艺术
Take a view, the Landscape(风景)Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday’s mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd.
1. Wh wuld mst prbably enter fr Take a view?
A. Writers.B. Phtgraphers.
C. Painters.D. Turists.
2. What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They shw muntainus scenes.
D. They fcus n snw-cvered frests.
3. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.
C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
题组二 推理判断
Passage 48(2024全国甲,C) 主题：社会服务
The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村的) ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域) f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”

1. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.
B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.
D. It travels alng a river.
2. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.
B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.
D. It needs medical aid.
3. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
4. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. Dubtful.
C. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
Passage 49(2024全国甲,D) 主题：文学与艺术
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an ah-ha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery(悬疑). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue(期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—but it might prvide what yu need t get there.

1. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
2. What did the authr realize after seeing Prf. Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by characters.
C. Each type f literature has its unique ending.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
3. What is expected f a gd ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.
D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
4. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.
B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.
D. T recmmend their new bks.
Passage 50(2024浙江一考,C) 主题：发展与环境
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm(雹暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2 millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta—dwnwind f the hail prject flights—wrry that precius misture(水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years. “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be causing drught,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades(龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
1. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.
B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
2. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.
D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn.
3. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
Passage 51(2023全国乙,B) 主题：个人经历
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz(石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute(路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1. Hw des the authr deal with the challenge as a landscape phtgrapher in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with ther phtgraphers.
B. By shting in the cuntryside r state parks.
C. By studying the gegraphical cnditins.
D. By creating settings in the crn fields.
2. What is the key t successful landscape phtgraphy accrding t the authr?
A. Prper time management.
B. Gd shting techniques.
C. Adventurus spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
3. What can we infer frm the authr’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B. They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C. They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D. They had prblems with their equipment.
4. Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.
C. Encuraging.D. Cmfrting.
Passage 52(2023全国乙,C) 主题：饮食文化
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
1. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.
B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.
D. It deserves a high reputatin.
2. Which best describes ckery prgrammes n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.
C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
3. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
4. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
Passage 53(2023全国甲,C) 主题：哲学
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu—and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express:In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
1. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
2. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
3. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
4. What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
Passage 54(2022全国乙,B) 主题：文学
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N.Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted:The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism(坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp:“When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.
B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.
D. T d sightseeing.
2. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.
B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.
D. They suffered severe hardships.
3. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.
B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.
D. The natural beauty f the West.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.
C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
Passage 55(2021全国乙,C) 主题：环境保护
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,”a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne,the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018,Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:Every 60 secnds,a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒)frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
1. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
2. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
3. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming.B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
Passage 56(2021全国乙,D) 主题：生活与学习
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin(干扰) in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus.” His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut(布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.
B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.D. 85 decibels.
3. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.
B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.
D. Cnstant interruptins.
4. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
Passage 57(2021全国甲,D) 主题：认识自我
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let’s state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief:Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer:abslutely nt.
Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
1. What des the authr think f victrs’ standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They’re unfair.B. They’re cnservative.
C. They’re bjective.D. They’re strict.
2. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
3. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs’ cncepts.
D. Changes in peple’s scial psitins.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
Passage 58(2020全国Ⅰ,C) 主题：体育与健康
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
3. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
4. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
Passage 59(2020全国Ⅲ,D) 主题：人与环境
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats;in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts(支柱)in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Rdney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish.“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them.“It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,”said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
1. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.
B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.
D. Significance f fd selectin.
2. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.
C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
3. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.
D. They lived n bth land and water.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at Sea
B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic Research
D. The Wrld’s Best Divers
题组三 主旨要义
Passage 60(2024浙江一考,D) 主题：完善自我
The Stanfrd marshmallw(棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnectin between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’re nt tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets—all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value—a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded(轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
1. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.
B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.
D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
2. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between .
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
3. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.
B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.
D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read Mre
B. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
Passage 61(2023浙江一考,D) 主题：人与环境
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装) has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick,the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment (InSPIRE) prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment,which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs (传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
2. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
3. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs.
B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy.
D. T ensure the supply f energy.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t Stay
B. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
Passage 62(2022全国甲,B) 主题：人与动物
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues(线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
1. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.
B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.
D. By remving the lid.
2. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.
B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.
D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
3. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.
B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats:Quick Errr Checkers
B. Cckats:Independent Learners
C. Cckats:Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cckats:Skilful Shape-Srters
Passage 63(2022全国甲,D) 主题：社会发展
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there—brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds(口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving(解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.
B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.
D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
2. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.
B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.
D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
3. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.
B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.
D. It is becming mre internatinal.
4. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
Passage 64(2020全国Ⅰ,D) 主题：人与植物
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light, abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输). Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
2. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water.
B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
3. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
Passage 65(2020全国Ⅱ,B) 主题：善于学习
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
1. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.
B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.
D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
2. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.D. Child-parent relatinship.
3. Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.D. A teaching prgram.
Passage 66(2020全国Ⅲ,C) 主题：生活方式
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl—ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991. The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
1. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick.B. Rita.
C. Kathryn.D. The daughters.
2. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in-law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
3. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts.
C. Published statistics.D. Public pinins.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.
B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.
D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
题组四 词义猜测
Passage 67(2024全国甲,B) 主题：人与动物
Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals(声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu’re able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That’s why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn’t usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that’s been present in all kinds f predatrs(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it’s been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!

1. What can be learned abut cats’ mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It’s a survival skill.B. It’s taught by mther cats.
C. It’s hard t interpret.D. It’s getting luder with age.
2. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.
B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.
D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
3. Which best explains the phrase “ a ntch” in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.
C. Act strangely.D. D better.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur Cat
D. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
Passage 68(2024浙江一考,B) 主题：社会发展
When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins(试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”.
As I rushed utdrs t empty the wastepaper baskets, the dr swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was lcked utside. My mbile phne was inside, but luckily there was a telephne bx acrss the street. S, I called Directry Assistance, gt put thrugh t ur landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent t me with just enugh time t get back in befre the actrs arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used ne, I shuld hardly be surprised that there are n lnger any public telephnes near my huse. The last ne standing has just been turned int a “mini cmmunity library”: any passer-by can “brrw” a bk frm its shelves, and return it later, r replace it with anther title frm their wn cllectin.
Fr a few mnths after the “library” pened, I didn’t bther taking a lk, as I had assumed that it wuld be stuffed full f cheesy lve stries. Then I nticed flk cnducting spring cleans drpping bxes f vluminus bks n varius subjects there. And these bks were free. This unbeatable price-pint encuraged me t experiment with dzens f titles that I wuld never nrmally cnsider buying. And I’ve discvered sme great bks!
If I ever get trapped utside my huse again, my lcal telephne bx will, sadly, n lnger be able t cnnect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait fr my wife t rescue me.
1. What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?
A. The play.B. The shared huse.
C. The sfa.D. The telephne bx.
2. Why did the authr use the telephne bx in 2006?
A. T place an urgent call.B. T put up a ntice.
C. T shelter frm the rain.D. T hld an auditin.
3. What d we knw abut the “mini cmmunity library”?
A. It prvides phne service fr free.
B. Anyne can cntribute t its cllectin.
C. It is ppular amng yung readers.
D. Bks must be returned within a mnth.
4. Why did the authr start t use the “library”?
A. He wanted t brrw sme lve stries.
B. He was encuraged by a clse neighbur.
C. He fund there were excellent free bks.
D. He thught it was an ideal place fr reading.
Passage 69(2023全国乙,D) 主题：人类文明
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact(联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.
B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.
D. Why written language is reliable.
2. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.
B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.
D. His recrd was ne-sided.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
4. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld
B. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100Objects
D. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
Passage 70(2023全国甲,B) 主题：个人生活
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with ￡5 in pcket mney. She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with. But when Derek built ur family huse abut eight years ag, I was heavily invlved(参与), painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and it was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy(租期) cmes t an end. She adds:“I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver the cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund ￡823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. A fifth wish t increase the value f their huses. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as a male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
1. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
2. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day?
A. Fr a birthday gift.
B. As a treat fr her wrk.
C. T supprt her DIY prjects.
D. T encurage her t take up a hbby.
3. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.
B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.
D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
4. What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A. It is becming mre cstly.
B. It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C. It is turning int a seasnal industry.
D. It is gaining ppularity amng females.
Passage 71(2023浙江一考,B) 主题：健康生活
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
1. What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with yu.
B. Jin yu in what yu’re ding.
C. Transfrm yur way f living.
D. Help yu t make the decisin.
2. What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?
A. He disapprved f it.B. He was favrable t it.
C. He was tlerant f it.D. He didn’t care abut it.
3. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She is quite gd at cking.
B. She respects thers’ privacy.
C. She enjys being a husewife.
D. She is a determined persn.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B. Hw t have ne’s wn persnal space at hme.
C. Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D. Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
Passage 72(2023浙江一考,C) 主题：科技发展
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
1. Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B. T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C. T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D. T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
2. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
3. What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A. Create rules.
B. Cmprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.
D. Identify difficult wrds.
4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B. The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C. Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
Passage 73(2022全国甲,C) 主题：个人生活
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
1. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
2. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
3. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.
B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.
D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.
B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.
D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
Passage 74(2021全国甲,C) 主题：社会交往
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn’t wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam(横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe!Safe!Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I’d given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I’ve traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear; turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭)amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded(滑)up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A. He felt disappinted.
B. He gave up his hbby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What d the underlined wrds “Safe!Safe!Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!
C. N way!D. Dn’t wrry!
3. Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A. T jin the skatebarding.B. T make new friends.
C. T learn mre tricks.D. T relive his childhd days.
4. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A. Children shuld learn a secnd language.
B. Sprt is necessary fr children’s health.
C. Children need a sense f belnging.
D. Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
Passage 75(2020全国Ⅱ,C) 主题：人与动物
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin(时装)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种). It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins. Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
1. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
2. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed.B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It’s frmal.B. It’s risky.
C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditinal.
Passage 76(2020全国Ⅱ,D) 主题：终身学习
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks.
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
1. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative.B. Uneasy.
C. Inseparable.D. Casual.
2. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
3. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs.B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries.D. Purchase her nvels.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading:A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut Writing
C. Library:A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
三年模拟
考点基础练
题组一 细节理解
Passage 1(2024浙江温州二模,A) 主题：艺术
Art Gallery f NSW (New Suth Wales) Exhibitin
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded
the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day?
25 Nvember 2023-28 April 2024
Day and night, lve and rage, calm and chas. Enter a wrld f emtinal extremes in this exhibitin f the art f Luise Burgeis, ne f the mst influential artists f the past century. Brn in Paris in 1911 and living and wrking in New Yrk until her death in 2010, Burgeis is well-knwn fr her fearless explratin f human relatinships acrss a seven-decade career.
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day? reveals the extrardinary reach and intensity f Burgeis’ art, frm unfrgettable sculptures f the 1940s t her tugh yet tender weaving wrks f the 1990s and 2000s. It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces. Mving frm the well-lit rms f “Day” t the darkened area f “Night”, viewers will encunter mre than 120 wrks, including many never seen befre in Australia.
Tickets can be bked nline via the exhibitin r event page n ur website, r in persn at the welcme desk at the Art Gallery. Tickets cannt be exchanged, but if smething unexpected happens that prevents yu frm attending, yu can change the date f yur reservatin in yur cnfirmatin email.
1. What d we knw abut Luise Burgeis?
A. Her art is cnservative.
B. She was an emtinal artist.
C. She was raised in Paris.
D. Her art explres human relatinships.

2. What des the exhibitin feature?
A. Varius themes.B. Cntrasting layut.
C. Intensive clrs.D. Extrardinary paintings.
3. What can yu d if yu can’t attend the exhibitin?
A. Reschedule the date.B. Cancel the bking.
C. Claim the mney back.D. Exchange the event.
Passage 2(2024安徽安庆二模,D) 主题：环境保护
Nbdy knws yet what the best way f remving all that carbn will be, but scientists arund the wrld are develping a new methd. The Swiss cmpany Climewrks is building big extractr fans(排气扇) t remve carbn.
But ther scientists are lking t nature’s carbn cycle fr inspiratin. They’re lking fr ways t imprve it, speed it up and help it take mre carbn ut f the air permanently.
One f thse scientists is Prfessr Luke Mackinder, a plant bilgist at the University f Yrk. His research int carbn remval is inspired by cean algae(海藻). “Abut half f carbn absrptin takes place in the cean,” he says. “Algae are extremely efficient at absrbing it.”
In rder t d this, his team has studied the genetic cde(基因密码) f algae t wrk ut which genes play a vital rle in carbn absrptin. He believes they have nw figured this ut. “Nw we have a list and we can start thinking abut hw t bring them tgether in different living things,” he says. “We place the genes int thse f ther plants. It’s genetic mdificatin.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them t a range f crps and trees. The resulting increased prductin culd be gd fr fd security. Alternatively, they culd help t enhance the influence f climate change. It all depends n what we d with the carbn nce it’s trapped in thse plants. Eating them wuld quickly return it t the atmsphere. But if instead we find ways t stre it, we culd keep it ut f the atmsphere fr gd.
Dave Hillyard, chief administratr f the Carbn Technlgy Research Fundatin that is funding Mackinder’s research, says that it is imprtant t fund wrk n a wide range f carbn remval methds, because “sme will nt get the results they’re lking fr and sme will succeed. There are a lt f pprtunities here but very little funding and research ging int it.”
1. What is discussed in the first paragraph?
A. An apprach t carbn remval.
B. A way t imprve big extractr fans.
C. A means f jining a cmpany.
D. A methd f ding scientific research.
2. Why des Prfessr Luke Mackinder fcus n cean algae?
A. It is secure.B. It is effective.
C. It is sufficient.D. It is accessible.
3. What can we knw abut the genes f algae frm the furth paragraph?
A. They bring abut great side effects.
B. They are useless fr carbn absrptin.
C. They help increase fd prductin.
D. They have been put int ther plants.
4. What is required accrding t Dave Hillyard?
A. The gvernment’s permissin.
B. Mre scientists’ participatin.
C. Increasing experimental chances.
D. The input int the research.
Passage 3(2024广东湛江一模,B) 主题：人际关系
The Rbbers Cave Experiment was part f a series f studies cnducted by scial psychlgist Muzafer Sherif and his wrkmates in the 1940s and 1950s. The researchers divided bys at a summer camp int tw grups, and they studied hw cnflict develped between them. They als investigated what did and didn’t wrk t reduce grup cnflict. The bys were left in the dark abut the experiment.
In the 1954 study, bys wh were apprximately 11~12 years ld thught that they were participating in a typical summer camp, which tk place at Rbbers Cave State Park. Hwever, the campers’ parents knew that their children were actually participating in a research study.
The bys arrived at the camp in tw separate grups: fr the first part f the study, they spent time with members f their wn grup, withut knwing that the ther grup existed. The grups chse names, the Eagles and the Rattlers.
After a shrt perid f time, the bys became aware f the existence f the ther grup and began t speak negatively abut the ther grup. Then the researchers arranged a cmpetitive turnament between the grups, cnsisting f games such as baseball and tug-f-war, and the relatinship between the tw grups quickly became tense. The campers rated their wn grup mre psitively than the rival(对立) grup.
T determine the factrs that culd reduce grup cnflict, the researchers first brught the campers tgether fr fun activities such as having a meal r watching a mvie tgether. Hwever, this didn’t wrk t reduce cnflict.
Next, Sherif and his wrkmates tried having the tw grups wrk n cmmn gals. Fr example, the camp’s water supply was cut ff purpsely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers wrked tgether t fix the prblem. Wrking n shared gals eventually reduced cnflict and friendships began t frm with members f the ther grup. In the end, sme f the campers requested that everyne frm bth grups take the bus hme tgether, and ne grup bught drinks fr the ther grup.
1. What can be inferred abut the campers in the 1954 experiment?
A. Their parents held smething back frm them.
B. They were asked t take part in a scial practice.
C. They were participating in a typical summer camp.
D. Their grups were frmed by the names they chse.
2. What is the beginning f the bys’ negative attitude t the ther grup?
A. Being asked t rate the ther grup.
B. Hearing negative remarks frm the ther grup.
C. Cmpeting in a turnament against the ther grup.
D. Becming aware f the existence f the ther grup.
3. Why was the camp’s water supply cut ff?
A. T cause a cnflict between the tw grups.
B. T test the campers’ prblem-slving ability.
C. T get the tw grups t wrk twards a cmmn gal.
D. T see hw much the campers care abut each ther.
4. What can be a cnclusin frm Sherif’s experiment?
A. Fights between different grups are unavidable.
B. One shuld seek friendship with ut-grup members.
C. Fun activities are the best ways t reduce grup cnflict.
D. Grup members tend t be against ut-grup members.
Passage 4(2024江苏镇江期初适应性练习,D) 主题：技术创新
Active nise cntrl technlgy is used by nise-canceling headphnes t minimize r cmpletely blck ut utside nise. Hwever, despite the many advancements in technlgy, peple still dn’t have much cntrl ver which sunds their headphnes blck ut and which they let pass.
Nw, deep learning algrithms(算法) have been develped by a grup f academics at the University f Washingtn (UW) that enable users t select which nises t filter(过滤) thrugh their headphnes in real time. The system has been named “semantic hearing” by its creatrs.
The AI-pwered headphnes remve all backgrund nise by streaming recrded audi(音频) t a smartphne that is linked t the devices. Thrugh this prcess, the headphne users can chse t strengthen r cancel ut 20 types f sunds, using vice cmmands r a smartphne app. The headphnes will then nly let thrugh the sunds that have been chsen by the wearer.
“The challenge is that the sunds headphne wearers hear need t sync(同步) with their visual senses. This means the neural(神经的) algrithms must prcess sunds in under a hundredth f a secnd,” said senir authr Shyam Gllakta, a UW prfessr.
Due t this time cnstraint, the semantic hearing system chses a prcess that relies n nises cmmunicated n a device like a linked smartphne. Furthermre, in rder fr humans t cntinue t effectively experience sunds in their envirnment, the system needs t maintain these delays because sunds cming frm different directins enter peple’s ears at different times.
Trials were undertaken by the researchers in a variety f settings. The semantic hearing system was able t islate target sunds, while at the same time remving backgrund nise. In terms f the system’s audi utput fr the desired sunds, 22 participants gave it an average rating higher than they assigned t the riginal nise recrdings.
There were, hwever, a few disadvantages: the AI-pwered system ccasinally had truble recgnizing sunds that were t similar. The researchers said that the system culd prduce better results if its machine learning mdels were trained n mre real-wrld data.
1. What can deep learning algrithms d?
A. Imprve users’ listening ability.
B. Help users remve unwanted nise.
C. Stp peple frm entering nisy areas.
D. Create cmmunicatin between users.
2. What shuld the neural algrithms d accrding t Shyam Gllakta?
A. Select headphne users.
B. Prcess data withut nticeable delay.
C. Fllw the way peple speak.
D. Imprve the quality f smartphnes.
3. What did the researchers find abut the system in the trials?
A. It has imprvement in sund quality.
B. It helps them recgnize participants’ vices.
C. It has mre disadvantages than advantages.
D. It’s suitable t strengthen backgrund nise.
4. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. The semantic hearing system still has sme drawbacks
B. The semantic hearing system can recgnize human speech
C. AI nise-canceling headphnes let yu chse what yu hear
D. AI nise-canceling headphnes nw have a cmmercial versin
题组二 推理判断(一)
Passage 5(2024湖南邵阳一模,C) 主题：科技发展
Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives. And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shun technlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips(微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted(植入) int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever, it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns, nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert(静止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them. Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away frm us.
1. What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A. A summary f the article.
B. An intrductin t the main tpic.
C. An verview f the whle article.
D. An argument ver the main tpic.
2. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A. The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
B. The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
C. The future f micrchips and devices alike.
D. The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
3. Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A. They may reject it.
B. They may expect it.
C. They may adjust t it.
D. They may feel curius abut it.
4. Which wrd can best describe the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface implants?
A. Imaginary.B. Practical.
C. Unfulfilled.D. Impssible.
Passage 6(2024江苏扬州中学开学考,C) 主题：学习方法
Tw and a half millennia ag, Scrates cmplained that writing wuld harm students. With a way t stre ideas permanently and externally, they wuld n lnger need t memrize them. Hwever, studies tday have fund that writing n paper can imprve everything frm recalling a randm series f wrds t better understanding cmplex cncepts.
Fr learning material by repetitin, the benefits f using a pen r pencil lie in hw the mtr and sensry memry f putting wrds n paper reinfrces that material. The scribbling(涂鸦) n a page feeds int visual memry: peple might remember a wrd they wrte dwn in French class as being at the bttm-left f a page.
One f the best demnstrated advantages f writing by hand seems t be in nte-taking. Students typing n cmputers wrte dwn almst twice as many wrds directly frm lectures, suggesting they were nt understanding s much as rapidly cpying the material. Hwever, handwriting frces nte-takers t prcess and rganize ideas int their wn wrds. This aids cnceptual understanding at the mment f writing, resulting in better perfrmance n tests.
Many studies have cnfirmed handwriting’s benefits, and plicymakers have taken nte. Thugh America’s curriculum frm 2010 des nt require handwriting instructin past first grade (rughly age six), abut half the states since then have required mre teaching f it. In Sweden there is a push fr mre handwriting and printed bks and fewer devices. England’s natinal curriculum already includes the teaching f basic cursive writing(连写体) skills by age seven.
Hwever, several schl systems in America have gne s far as t ban mst laptps. This is t extreme. Sme students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. Virginia Berninger, prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Washingtn, is a lngtime advcate f handwriting. But she is nt a purist; she says there are research-tested benefits fr “manuscript” print-style writing but als fr typing.
Scrates may r may nt have had a pint abut the dwnsides f writing. But n ne wuld remember, much less care, if his student Plat had nt nted it dwn fr the benefit f future generatins.
1. Accrding t the text, why des writing n paper have benefits fr learning?
A. It prvides visual enjyment in class.
B. It imprves the effect f memrizatin.
C. It prmtes the mtr and sensry ability.
D. It helps t remember the infrmatin frever.
2. Hw des the authr shw the emphasis n handwriting instructin at schl?
A. By giving examples.B. By prviding statistics.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By making classificatin.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Difficulties faced by the disabled.
B. Unreasnableness f frbidding typing.
C. The research-tested benefits f typing.
D. The lngtime advcacy f handwriting.
4. Why des the writer mentin Scrates and Plat in the last paragraph?
A. T thank Plat fr his effrts.
B. T defend Scrates’ pint f view.
C. T shw peple’s indifference t typing.
D. T cnfirm the imprtance f handwriting.
Passage 7(2024浙江温州二模,D) 主题：完善自我
Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting. S unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely t buy frm cmpanies we’ve gt used t. That is why cmpanies spend s much mney n advertising and marketing and why insurance cmpanies penly charge existing custmers mre than new nes.
It’s nt the case that we nly desire things we already knw. Sme studies suggest when invited t share ur preferences, we smetimes see less familiar ptins as mre desirable. But when acting n that preference, we fall back t what we knw. This might explain why smetimes the things we want and the things we d dn’t quite match up. We might even return t cmpanies that treated us prly in the past r stay in bad relatinships.
It’s easy t paint the familiarity principle as an enemy r smething t battle as if it is smething that hlds us back frm living ut ur dreams. But this attitude might be verwhelming because it tends t encurage us tward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we dn’t feel ready fr. Sme articles suggest the slutin t familiarity frustratin is cmplete expsure t nvelty. While this can appear effective in the shrt run, we may nly end up replacing ne prblem with anther. It als risks being verwhelmed and burnut.
S what if we can wrk with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is smething we can learn t play with and enjy. It is a setting fr creativity and a pathway t expansin. We can braden the zne f familiarity bit by bit. If we think f familiarity as smething that can expand, we can cnsider changing the cnditins in and arund ur lives t make mre space fr ur preferences t take rt and grw gently. Frm here, we will start t make decisins, drawing frm an ever-deepening pl f valuable ptins.
1. What allws insurance cmpanies t charge ld custmers mre?
A. The imprved service.
B. The advertising cst.
C. The familiarity principle.
D. The law f the market.
2. What can be learned frm paragraph 2?
A. Our preferences affect ur decisins.
B. Familiarity tends t generate disrespect.
C. The familiarity principle is a duble-edged swrd.
D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actins.
3. What is the authr’s attitude twards the slutin in sme articles?
A. Disapprving.B. Tlerant.
C. Objective.D. Reserved.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Step Out f Yur Familiarity Zne
B. Spare a Thught fr Yur Preference
C. Gently Expand Yur Familiarity Zne
D. Give Pririty t the Mere Expsure Effect
Passage 8(2024江苏苏锡常镇四市一模,C) 主题：完善自我
Digital mindfulness is the applicatin f mindfulness practices in yur digital life. Accrding t Jn Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness is “a means f paying attentin in a particular way, n purpse, in the present mment, and nn-judgmentally”. Here tw main key pints are emphasized when it cmes t mindfulness as a practice in yur digital life.
The first pint is that yu must learn t d things n purpse. Fr instance, yu use yur phne as a habitual escape frm bredm r stress, which is thught by many as a quick slutin t all thse negative feelings. But what if yu get nly negative respnses frm yur phne—the news r psts are negative? Instead f finding peace, yu find mre bredm and mre stress. The slutin that mindfulness prvides is purpseful and intentinal chice. Therefre, yu are empwered t chse hw t respnd t the stimulus(刺激) behind such feelings as bredm, lneliness and stress, and nt just treat the symptms(症状).
The ther key is ging thrugh the experience nn-judgmentally. When yu feel sad r angry because f a pst n scial media, all yu ever d is g thrugh the experience and let it flw. At its cre, mindfulness invlves the acceptance f yur memries, feelings, and thughts minus any judgment n yurself r thers because f thse things. These feelings, memries, and experiences cme and g. After they have passed, yu are still yu and in cntrl. Yu will becme mre aware f yur inner wrld. It’s this internal mnlgue(独白) that pushes yu t grab yur digital technlgy (phne, Alexa speaker, TV, etc.).
Digital mindfulness is nt abut aviding the negative things in life. Thrugh mindfulness practice, yu regain the pwer t learn frm these experiences and healthily deal with the negative. Mindfulness will als teach yu t be aware f all yur emtins, s yu learn t deal with the things that yu used t avid. Finally, digital mindfulness brings yu peace f mind in an ever-changing and increasingly cnnected wrld.
Nw, I wuld rather prefer t think f it as ne f many tls that we can use in ur daily life.
1. What des the authr suggest readers d when they feel stressed in their digital life?
A. Find smething interesting t d.
B. Use the phne as a habitual escape.
C. Keep away frm the negative respnses.
D. Deal with the rt cause f the prblem.
2. What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A. Negative feelings shuld be avided r cntrlled.
B. Mindfulness invlves bth acceptance and judgment.
C. Mindfulness helps us fully experience life as it happens.
D. Digital technlgy is the key t understanding ur inner wrld.
3. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Hw Can Yu Avid Negative Feelings?
B. Hw Can Yu Define Digital Mindfulness?
C. Hw Can Digital Mindfulness Help Yu?
D. Hw Can Digital Mindfulness Harm Yu?
4. What will prbably be discussed in the next paragraph?
A. Applicatins f mindfulness in cmmunicatin.
B. Ways f practising mindfulness in the digital age.
C. Develpment f mindfulness in the medical field.
D. Benefits f practising digital mindfulness in daily life.
题组三 推理判断(二)
Passage 9(2024福建部分地市第一次质量检测,D) 主题：人与植物
On the streets f Manhattan and Washingtn, D.C., in neighbrhds in Seul and parks in Paris, ginkg(银杏) trees are lsing their leaves in reactin t the first gust f cld winter air. This leaf drp, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with glden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are dcumenting evidence f the event happening later and later, a pssible indicatin f climate change. But the stry f ginkgs is nt the familiar ne f human carelessness with nature.
Thanks t fssils fund in Nrth Dakta, scientists fund a ginkg has genetically similar ancestrs dating back 170 millin years t the Jurassic perid. “It almst went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it arund the wrld. It’s such a great evlutinary(进化) and cultural stry,” says Peter Crane, a ginkg expert.
One thery is that the decline f the ginkg species began 130 millin years ag, when flwering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted mre pllinatrs(传粉者) than ginkgs. “It’s pssible that ginkgs were elbwed ut f the way,” says Crane. Already cmpeting t survive, ginkgs began t disappear during a time f glbal cling that began arund 66 millin years ag. By the time the last ice age ended 11,500 years ag, the remaining survivrs were fund in China.
Ginkg fruits are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed thrugh their bdy and grew,” Crane says. Thse same seeds may have helped ginkgs find favr with humans 1,000 years ag. Withut their uter layer, ginkg seeds are safe t eat. It’s then, when the trees had lng since disappeared elsewhere, that peple in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgs spread acrss the wrld. Nw it’s seemingly naturally resistant t insects and high levels f air pllutin.
Crane isn’t wrried abut its future, thugh: The ppularity f the species will help it survive. “Thugh its status in the wild may be difficult t access, it’s a plant that’s unlikely t ever g extinct,” he says.
1. What may have caused the further delay f ginkgs’ leaf drp?
A. The clder weather in winter.
B. The prtectin frm city cuncils.
C. The glbal warming phenmenn.
D. The careless interactin with humans.
2. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. The reasns why ginkgs almst died ut.
B. The advantages f ginkgs ver ther plants.
C. The theries f experts in multiplying ginkgs.
D. The cmpetitin between varius flwering plants.
3. What might have cntributed t ginkgs’ survival?
A. Their eatable seeds.B. Their unpleasant smell.
C. The natural evlutin.D. The careful planting.
4. Hw des Crane feel abut ginkgs’ future?
A. Wrried.B. Optimistic.C. Uncertain.D. Hpeless.
Passage 10(2024江苏南通一模,D) 主题：跨文化沟通
Ramírez Castañeda, a Clmbian bilgist, spends her time in the Amazn studying hw snakes eat pisnus frgs withut getting ill. Althugh her findings cme in many shapes and sizes, she and her clleagues have struggled t get their bilgical discveries ut t the wider scientific cmmunity. With Spanish as her mther tngue, her research had t be translated int English t be published. That wasn’t always pssible because f budget r time—and it means that sme f her findings were never published.
“It’s nt that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because f the language.”
Castañeda is nt alne. There is plenty f research in nn-English-language papers that gets lst in translatin, r is never translated. A piece f research lked thrugh mre than 400,000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and fund 1,234 studies prviding evidence n bidiversity cnservatin which, because they weren’t in English, may have been verlked. These included Japanese-language findings n the effectiveness f relcating the endangered Blakistn’s fish wl.
Sme experts argue that fr the sake f the bigger picture, scientific knwledge shuld cnverge(集中) int ne cmmn language. Science is very glbalised and becming mre s, s the use f a glbal language is enrmus fr that.
Of curse, scientists can wrk with an English partner, r use a translatr—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle f dependency n the glbal nrth, leading t inequality in internatinal influence. The specific meanings f wrds can als pse a prblem in translatin. Fr example, it is difficult t find in English ne single wrd t describe frest snakes and frgs in the wrk Castañeda des with indigenus(土著的) cmmunities in the Amazn.
“S we’re lsing bservatins fr science, t,” says Castañeda. “Fr me, it’s nt pssible t just have everything translated int English. We need multilingual(多语种的) science, and we need peple that feel cmfrtable ding science in their wn languages. It culd be pssible t switch t a wrld where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages f science, just as English, French and German were the languages f science in the 19th century.”
1. What prevented Castañeda’s discveries frm being mre widely knwn?
A. Pr management.
B. Oppsitin frm her clleagues.
C. Her bad reputatin.
D. The language barrier.
2. What’s the cnsequence f the dminant fcus n English in scientific research?
A. Inefficient wildlife cnservatin.
B. A knwledge gap in the scientific wrld.
C. A grwing interest in nn-English papers.
D. Inadequate jb pprtunities fr translatrs.
3. What des the authr want t illustrate by mentining frest snakes and frgs?
A. The urgency t prtect rare species.
B. The need t adpt ne glbal language.
C. The challenges in translating scientific texts.
D. The bidiversity n the Suth American cntinent.
4. What is presented in the last paragraph f the text?
A. A ptential slutin.B. A theretical mdel.
C. A ppular belief.D. A glbal trend.
Passage 11(2024湖南长沙新高考适应性考试,D) 主题：动物保护
Nthing earns attentin like rarity. In the natural wrld, rarity is mst clearly represented by the last members f a declining species. These scarce(稀有) plants and animals are extremely valuable; they represent the final hpe f preventing extinctin. The effrts t cnserve rare species have made an enrmus difference. In the past few decades, declines f many endangered plants and animals have been reversed(逆转). But the attentin t scarcity culd cme at the expense f verlking the rdinary.
If we are t cnserve nature, we must maintain ur fcus n the familiar. Increasingly, cnservatin is turning its sights in this directin—t safeguard what is cmmn, nt just what is rare.
There are gd reasns t cnsider the cmmn. A study f Nrth American birds uncvered that we have lst three billin birds n this cntinent within the past tw generatins.
These declines include species nce cnsidered widespread and secure, like the cmmn redpll, whse numbers are dwn by 29 millin and the cmmn nighthawk, dwn by 26 millin. The shcking lsses are a reminder that the mark f a species in truble is nt rarity, but the rate f decline.
Ntably, the shifts in the abundance f cmmn species can translate int sizeable shifts in ecsystem functining. One caribu herd(北美驯鹿群), numbering in the hundreds f thusands, remves millins f kilgrams f fd fr animals every year and returns nutrients t the sil in the frm f millins f kilgrams f animal waste.
The value f cmmn species is nt just eclgical and ecnmic, but psychlgical. Study after study demnstrates that encunters with the natural wrld imprve ur mental state. Lsing familiar species—whether birds in ur backyard r butterflies n ur drstep—is likely t shrink(收缩) such pprtunities fr engagement.
Rarity will always ccupy a significant place in cnservatin. But in pursuit f a sustainable and bidiverse future, we must avid “the extinctin f cmmnness”.
1. What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T make a survey.B. T ffer a suggestin.
C. T intrduce the tpic.D. T prvide an example.
2. What des the example f bird study suggest accrding t the text?
A. Species lss balances the ecsystem.
B. Birds prduce many nutrients t the sil.
C. Species’ rate f decline aruses peple’s cncern.
D. Birds are described as widespread and secure animals.
3. What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A. Rarity matters mst in cnservatin.
B. Familiar species shuldn’t be ignred.
C. Bidiversity results in the extinctin f cmmnness.
D. Peple’s physical state shrinks fr sustainable develpment.
4. Where is this text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A news reprt.B. A health clumn.
C. A bilgy magazine.D. A travel brchure.
Passage 12(2024华大新高考联盟二模,D) 主题：科技发展
Neurengineer Silvestr Micera develps advanced technlgical slutins t help peple regain sensry and mtr functins that have been lst due t injury events r neurlgical disrders. Until nw, he has never befre wrked n strengthening the human bdy and cgnitin with the help f technlgy.
Nw in a study published in Science Rbtics, Micera and his team reprt n hw diaphragm(膈膜) mvement can be mnitred fr successful cntrl f an extra arm, essentially augmenting a healthy individual with a third rbtic arm.
Fr further explratin, the researchers first built a virtual envirnment t test a healthy user’s capacity t cntrl a virtual arm using mvement f his r her diaphragm. They fund that diaphragm cntrl des nt interfere with actins like cntrlling ne’s physilgical(生理的) arms, ne’s speech r gaze.
In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm mvement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the tw with a symmetric(对称的), six-fingered hand.
In the virtual envirnment, the user is then hinted t reach ut with either the left hand, the right hand, r the symmetric hand in the middle. In the real envirnment, the user hlds nt an exskeletn with bth arms, which allws fr cntrl f the virtual left and right arms. Mvement detected by the belt arund the diaphragm is used fr cntrlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested n 61 healthy subjects(受试者) in ver 150 sessins.
Previus studies regarding the cntrl f rbtic arms have been fcused n helping the disabled. The latest Science Rbtics study is a step beynd repairing the human bdy twards augmentatin. “Our next step is t explre the use f mre cmplex rbtic devices using ur varius cntrl strategies, t perfrm real-life tasks, bth inside and utside f the labratry. Only then will we be able t grasp the real ptential f this apprach,” cncludes Micera.
1. What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A. T prvide sme advice.
B. T shw an evidence.
C. T summarize the fllwing paragraphs.
D. T ffer sme backgrund.
2. What are the furth and fifth paragraphs prbably abut?
A. A virtual reality game.
B. A new medical device.
C. A new treatment methd.
D. An experiment n animals.
3. Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?
A. By listing sme related data.
B. By ffering sme examples.
C. By making sme cmparisns.
D. By describing research prcesses.
4. What is prbably cntinued with the text?
A. Hw t expand cntrllable rbtic devices.
B. Where t find new and exciting pprtunities.
C. Hw t further develp the rbt market ptential.
D. Why t balance the inside and utside f the labratry.
题组四 主旨要义(一)
Passage 13(2024山东菏泽一模,D) 主题：社会交往
As peple hld different views n almst anything, we live in a judgmental wrld where peple are quick t pint ut the faults and imperfectins f thers, yet seem unaware f their wn. Sme misguided suls believe they have a duty t help yu t be a better persn by telling yu what a failure yu really are first and then ffering suggestins as t hw yu can imprve.
S what is the pssible slutin t criticism?
If yu are the ne frcing thers t feel ashamed f themselves, STOP. Make a cnscius decisin rather than fcus n the negative aspect f a persn’s perfrmance r attitudes. Yu are mre likely t ffer helpful suggestins frm the beginning. If yu are n the receiving end f criticism, the “OK” respnse is a perfect slutin. When smene cmments negatively n a task yu are ding r a persnality issue f yurs, a natural respnse is t defend and attack. Hwever, this apprach is rarely effective as it puts bth parties n the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief ne-wrd respnse acknwledges the ther persn’s cmment withut agreeing with it r feeling necessary t engage in a debate abut it.
It is imprtant t remain emtinally attached t what the ther persn is saying, t listen withut feeling, and t be an bjective bserver. In fact, there is much that ne can learn frm a negative review. Yu can ask yurself: Did I make a mistake? Culd I have dne better? Did I give 100% f myself t the task at hand? If s, hw can I imprve myself? As fr chrnic(习惯性的) criticizers: It is imprtant t set strict bundaries with them. Remve yurself frm their presence when necessary.
In any case, ne can learn t be “OK” with criticism and nt allw it t negatively impact yur life r relatinship with the ther party.
1. What may the authr think f peple wh prefer t judge thers?
A. Warm-hearted.B. Self-centered.
C. Talkative.D. Respnsible.
2. What des a persn prbably cnvey by saying “OK” accrding t paragraph 3?
A. He thinks the suggestins are helpful.
B. He defends himself with the respnse.
C. He agrees with the cmments cmpletely.
D. He wants t avid unnecessary arguments.
3. What is the key t making an bjective bserver accrding t paragraph 4?
A. Having debates.B. Accepting criticism.
C. Keeping calm.D. Aviding criticizers.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T make a judgment n thers.
B. T explain sme scial behavir.
C. T call fr actin against attack.
D. T give advice n facing criticism.
Passage 14(2024浙江宁波十校二模,C) 主题：发展与环境
Students at the Calhun Schl in New Yrk City have much mre than a rf ver their heads. They have a rftp garden, with lush grass, clrful flwers and fragrant herbs. “Green rfs” are spruting up all ver, frm schls t city skyscrapers. And rfs aren’t the nly things ging green. Architects are finding all srts f new ways t build buildings that are easier n the envirnment. These schls, hmes, and ffices are called “green buildings”.
Nrmally it takes a lt f energy t run appliances. T ften, that energy cmes frm burning fssil fuels. S green buildings are designed t d all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer f insulatin(隔热材料) traps air t stp heat frm passing thrugh. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat utside in the summer. This saves energy fr heating and cling.
Heat pumps are anther pwer-saving way t stay cmfrtable. A grund heat pump mves heat thrugh pipes that run thrugh the grund next t the building. A few feet under the grund, the temperature stays arund 10℃ all year rund. Water flwing arund the pipes helps heat the building in winter and cl it in summer.
Anther way t build green is t use recycled materials. That saves the cst and pllutin f manufacturing smething new. In the Chicag Center fr Green Technlgy, the ceiling tiles(瓷砖) are made f pressed newspaper. The bathrm flrs are tiled with recycled glass, and the stall walls are recycled plastic. Builders have fund many creative ways t reuse ld materials.
As mre peple becme cncerned abut climate change, mre buildings are ging green. Green buildings prduce less f the gases that warm the planet. City planners like green buildings because they save mney. And they are healthier fr the peple wh wrk and live inside. But yu dn’t need t build a whle new building. Simple changes like shading windws and planting trees can make any hme greener—and a better Earth hme fr us all.
1. Hw are green buildings designed t keep warm in the winter?
A. By burning fssil fuels.
B. By using thick walls with insulatrs.
C. By running heating devices.
D. By equipping buildings with appliances.
2. Accrding t the passage, the advantages f green buildings include the fllwing EXCEPT .
A. saving water
B. using recycled materials
C. using less energy
D. reducing greenhuse gas emissins
3. In which sectin f a magazine can we read the text?
A. Educatin.B. Culture.C. Ecnmy.D. Technlgy.
4. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A. Recycling: t make a better earth fr us all
B. Heat Pumps: a new apprach t saving energy
C. Green Rfs: mre than a rf ver ur heads
D. Green Building: t hug the earth mre kindly
Passage 15(2024江苏南京、盐城一模,D) 主题：生活方式
Recently, I accidentally fund a set f Hanfu I nly wre nce frm the bttm f the cupbard. I remember buying them simply t match the ancient-style hair accessries(配饰) a friend gave me. It ccurred t me that I had been trapped in the “birdcage effect”.
“Birdcage effect” means that when yu get an item ne day, yu will prepare mre things t match it. Weeks ag, I was in the cmpany f friends engaged in shpping. One said that she wanted t buy a gd writing pen t match the delicate ntebk that her sister had given her, s that she wuld fall in lve with taking ntes n reading, and thus lve reading, nt just reading. I jked that she must have fallen fr the “birdcage effect”. But the friend said with a smile: “Why nt use the ‘birdcage effect’ instead?”
Fr the first time, I heard that the “birdcage effect” can be used in reverse(反向). Hwever, this can’t help but remind me f middle schl, and I seem t have used the “birdcage effect”. Passing by a bkstre ne day, I purchased a magazine and saw the call fr cntributins published in the magazine, s I started writing with eager hands, and then I fell in lve with writing.
After shpping with my friends that time, I began t prceed t use the “birdcage effect”. I bught a small fresh tableclth t decrate my desk, and a beautiful ntebk t recrd my inspiratin. When everything was ready, I started writing again.
But hw can we get rid f the “birdcage effect” in many things, and even use the “birdcage effect” in the ppsite way? Varius “birdcages” unavidably appear in life, but we can distinguish them. If it is nt in line with the actual situatin, it is a “negative birdcage”, then we must learn t stp lsses in time and maintain a heart f abandnment and separatin. If it is a “psitive birdcage” that mtivates us t develp upward, we can clarify ur gals, shp r decrate apprpriately, and mtivate urselves t mve twards ur gals. At this time, yu will find that the “birdcage effect” is actually nt s terrible!
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The applicatin f the “birdcage effect” in life.
B. The necessity f using the “birdcage effect” in life.
C. The turning pint f the authr’s idea n the “birdcage effect”.
D. The authr’s cnflict with her friend ver the “birdcage effect”.
2. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining her middle schl experience?
A. T recall her delightful days at schl.
B. T explain the reasn fr her lve fr writing.
C. T cnfirm the psitive f the “birdcage effect”.
D. T prve her knwledge f the “birdcage effect”.
3. Hw can we make use f the “birdcage effect” psitively?
A. By realizing this effect has tw sides.
B. By prmting ur persnal cnsumptin.
C. By recgnizing this effect is nt s terrible.
D. By guiding ur acts t g with reasnable gals.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Getting Rid f the Birdcage Effect Cnfidently
B. Mtivating Ourselves t Mve Twards Our Gals
C. The Birdcage Effect: Influence n Cnsumer Behavir
D. The Birdcage Effect: Hw t Use It t Yur Advantage
Passage 16(2024山东潍坊一模,C) 主题：环境保护
Peple have cme t understand the enrmus impacts—beneficial as well as harmful—plastics have n human lives and the envirnment. As plymer(聚合物) scientists cmmitted t inventing sustainable slutins fr real-wrld prblems, we set ut t tackle the issue f plastic waste by rethinking the way plymers are designed s we culd make plastics with recyclability built right in.
Everyday items including milk jugs, grcery bags, and takeut cntainers are made frm a class f plymers called plylefins. These plastics are really durable(耐用的) because the chemical bnds in thse plymers are extremely stable. In a wrld set up fr dispsable(一次性的) items, durability is n lnger a design feature but rather a design drawback. Imagine if half the plastics used tday were recyclable thrugh twice as many prcesses as they are nw. Als cnventinal recycling requires careful srting f all the cllected materials, which can be challenging with s many different plastics. Fr example, separating paper frm metal desn’t require cmplex technlgy, but srting a cntainer frm a milk jug f a different plylefin is difficult t d withut the ccasinal mistake.
In a study published in Science in Octber 2023, we described a series f plymers with nly tw building blcks—ne sft plymer and ne hard plymer—that behave like plylefins but culd be chemically recycled. Cnnecting tw different plymers multiple times until they frm a single, lng mlecule(分子) creates what’s called a multiblck plymer. By changing hw much f each plymer type ges int the multiblck plymer, ur team prduced a wide range f materials with prperties that cvered all plylefin types.
Using the same strategy but by adding hydrgen, we culd discnnect the plymers back int their building blcks and easily separate them t use again. When we made new plymers ut f these recycled plastics, they perfrmed just as well as the riginal materials even after several runds f chemical recycling. S we were able t create materials with similar prperties f the plastics the wrld relies n. We believe this wrk is a step tward mre sustainable plastics.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut cncerning plastics?
A. Their multiple uses.
B. Their chemical prperties.
C. Their recycling challenges.
D. Their classificatin criteria.
2. A key factr f prducing diverse multiblck plymers is .
A. mixing building blcks with lng mlecules
B. integrating chemicals int the tw plymers
C. cmbining tw different multiblck plymers
D. adjusting the percentage f the tw plymers
3. Which is a feature f multiblck plymers?
A. They are made frm sustainable materials.
B. They can be recycled by adding hydrgen.
C. Their reliability utperfrms traditinal plastics.
D. Their prperties change with runds f recycling.
4. Which f the fllwing might be the best title?
A. Designing fr Recycling
B. Classifying Plastic Waste
C. Replace Plastics with Plymers
D. Technlgy Creates the Future
题组五 主旨要义(二)
Passage 17(2024福建高中毕业班适应性练习,D) 主题：人与植物
Cmmn water plants culd prvide a green energy surce. Scientists have figured ut hw t get large amunts f il frm duckweed, ne f nature’s fastest-grwing water plants. Transferring such plant il int bidiesel(生物柴油) fr transprtatin and heating culd be a big part f a mre sustainable future.
Fr a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants t prduce seven times mre il per acre than sybeans. Jhn Shanklin, a bichemist says further research culd duble the engineered duckweed’s il utput in the next few years.
Unlike fssil fuels, which frm undergrund, bifuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made frm new and used vegetable ils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lwer carbn ftprint than fssil fuels d, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because s many crps nw g int energy prductin rather than fd; bifuels take up mre than 100 millin acres f the wrld’s agricultural land.
Duckweed, cmmn n every cntinent but Antarctica, is amng the wrld’s mst prductive plants, and the researchers suggest it culd be a game-changing renewable energy surce fr three key reasns. First, it grws readily in water, s it wuldn’t cmpete with fd crps fr agricultural land. Secnd, duckweed can grw fast in agricultural pllutin released int the water. Third, Shanklin and his team fund a way t avid a majr bitechnlgical barrier: Fr the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an il-prducing gene, “turning it n like a light switch” by intrducing a particular mlecule(分子) nly when the plant had finished grwing. Shanklin says, “If it replicates(复制) in ther species—and there’s n reasn t think that it wuld nt—this can slve ne f ur biggest issues, which is hw we can make mre il in mre plants withut negatively affecting grwth.”
T expand prductin t industrial levels, scientists will need t design and prduce large-scale bases fr grwing engineered plants and btaining il—a challenge, Shanklin says, because duckweed is a nn-mainstream crp withut much existing infrastructure(基础设施).
1. What can peple get frm duckweed first hand?
A. Plant il.B. Stable bidiesel.
C. Sustainable water.D. Natural heat.
2. What des paragraph 4 mainly cnvey?
A. Optins fr renewable energy.
B. Reasns fr engineering genes.
C. The ptential f a revlutinary energy surce.
D. The apprach t aviding agricultural pllutin.
3. What is the decisive factr t mass-prduce the plant?
A. Industrial levels.B. Unique design.
C. Academic research.D. Basic facilities.
4. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Duckweed PwerB. Duckweed Prductin
C. Genetic EngineeringD. Genetic Testing
Passage 18(2024九省联考,D) 主题：社会交往
Fr lts f kids, tddlerhd(幼儿期) is an imprtant time fr friendship. Studies shw that the earlier kids learn t frm psitive relatinships, the better they are at relating t thers as teenagers and adults. Playing tgether als helps these kids practice scial behavirs, such as kindness, sharing, and cperatin.
Even s, hw quickly yur child develps int a scial creature may als depend n his temperament(性格). Sme tddlers are very scial, but thers are shy. In additin, the way that tddlers demnstrate that they like ther children is markedly different frm what adults think f as expressins f friendship. Research at Ohi State University in Clumbus fund that a tddler’s way f saying “I like yu” during play is likely t cme in the frm f cpying a friend’s behavir.
This seemingly unusual way f demnstrating fndness can result in unpleasant behavir. Regardless f hw much they like a playmate, they may still grab his tys, refuse t share, and get bssy. But experts say that this is a nrmal and necessary part f friendship fr kids this age. Thrugh play experiences, tddlers learn scial rules. That’s why it’s s imprtant t take an active rle in yur tddler’s scial encunters by setting limits and ffering frequent reminders f what they are. When yu establish these guidelines, explain the reasns behind them.
Begin by helping yur child learn sympathy(“Ben is crying. What’s making him s sad?”), then suggest hw he culd reslve the prblem (“Maybe he wuld feel better if yu let him play the ball.”). When yur child shares r shws empathy(同理心) tward a friend, praise him (“Ben stpped crying! Yu made him feel better.”).
Anther way t encurage healthy scial interactin is by encuraging kids t use wrds—nt fists—t express hw they feel. It’s als imprtant t be mindful f hw yur child’s persnality affects playtime. Kids are easy t get angry when they’re sleepy r hungry, s schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
1. What des it indicate when tddlers cpy their playmates’ behavir?
A. They are interested in acting.
B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fnd f their playmates.
D. They are tired f playing games.
2. What des the authr suggest parents d fr their kids?
A. Design games fr them.
B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play tgether with them.
D. Help them understand scial rules.
3. What is the functin f the quted statements in paragraph 4?
A. Giving examples.B. Explaining cncepts.
C. Prviding evidence.D. Making cmparisns.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Hw Children Adapt t Changes
B. Hw t Be a Rle Mdel fr Children
C. Hw Yur Baby Learns t Lve
D. Hw t Cmmunicate with Yur Kid
Passage 19(2024江苏宿迁一模,D) 主题：科技发展
Reunins ffer a chance t reflect n hw much has changed. One happened in Hllywd when Here premiered(首映), bringing tgether the actrs, directr and writer behind Frrest Gump 30 years later fr a new film. The stars were “de-aged” using new AI tls, making them mre yuthful in sme scenes and enabling the filmmakers t see the transfrmatin in real time while shting.
With the use f generative AI in filmmaking cme things wrth watching. The first is hw AI will be used t tell new types f stries, as strytelling becmes mre persnalised and interactive. N ne is quite sure hw the nature f strytelling will change, but it is sure t. David Thmsn, a film histrian, cmpares generative AI t the advent f sund. When mvies were n lnger silent, it changed the way plt pints were made and hw deeply viewers culd cnnect with characters. Cristóbal Valenzuela, wh runs a cmpany prviding AI-enhanced sftware, says AI is like a “new kind f camera”, ffering a fresh “pprtunity t reimagine what stries are like”. Bth are right.
Anther big develpment t watch is hw AI will be used as a time-saving tl. Generative AI will autmate and simplify cmplex tasks like film-editing and special effects. Fr a glimpse int the future, watch Everything Everywhere All at Once, which wn the Academy Award fr Best Picture in 2023. It featured a scene that used a “rtscping” tl t edit ut the green-screen backgrund and make a talking rck mre believable. It shrtened t hurs what might have therwise taken days f vide-editing.
What is als nticeable is mre dramatic cnflicts between creatrs and thse running AI platfrms. This year is likely t bring flds f lawsuits(诉讼) frm authrs, musicians and actrs abut hw their wrks have been used t train AI systems withut permissin r payment. Perhaps they can agree n sme srt f licensing arrangement, in which AI cmpanies start paying -hlders.
It will prbably be a few years befre a full-length film is prduced entirely by AI, but it is just a matter f time.
1. What can we learn abut the film Here?
A. It relates a stry abut yuth.
B. The theme f the film is reunin.
C. AI tls are emplyed in the film.
D. It is adapted frm Frrest Gump.
2. What des David think f AI’s applicatin in filmmaking?
A. Transfrmative.B. Destructive.
C. Representative.D. Irreplaceable.
3. Why des the authr mentin the film Everything Everywhere All at Once?
A. T shw the high efficiency f AI tls.
B. T demnstrate the influence f the film.
C. T analyse a nvel way f vide-editing.
D. T praise the hard wrk behind the scenes.
4. What is the article mainly abut?
A. Cnflicts between man and machines.
B. AI’s huge effects n film prductin.
C. Drawbacks f dependence n AI tls.
D. Ht debate n the use f technlgy.
Passage 20(2024安徽“江南十校”联考,D) 主题：创新意识
Pwer ften bsts an emplyee’s creativity because being pwerful liberates the individual frm restrictins. Hwever, new research shws that emplyees wh are nt in psitins f pwer can becme mre creative when given time t “warm up” t a task by engaging in the creative task mre than nce.
“This is imprtant because when peple with mre pwer are able t express their creative ideas mre than thse with less pwer, it leads t rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these pwer imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, assistant prfessr in Crnell University. “Understanding ways t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers can help them find the right way t deal with this lw-pwer disadvantage,” Lucas said.
Lucas and his clleagues cnducted tw studies t reach their cnclusin. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generatin sessin int tw runds cnsisting f a ne-minute “warm up” fllwed by a secnd rund in which the participants culd take as lng as they wanted. Participants were randmly assigned t a high-pwer cnditin r a lw-pwer cnditin, and feelings f pwer were generated with a rle manipulatin(操纵) where participants were given a leadership rle and cntrl ver resurces (high pwer) r an emplyee rle with n cntrl ver resurces (lw pwer). The study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the warm-up rund. There was n difference, thugh, in creativity in the secnd rund.
In the secnd study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number f runds frm tw sessins t five, taking as lng as they like t cmplete the task. Similar t the first study, the study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the first rund. But the creativity f lw-pwer individuals caught up t the creativity f the high-pwer individuals after the first rund.
“The lw-pwer warm-up effect suggests a simple interventin that empwers all emplyees t tap their creative ptential and vercmes pwer imbalances in the wrkplace: when pursuing creative wrk, let emplyees warm up first,” Lucas said.
1. Why des Lucas think it imprtant t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers?
A. It maintains pwer imbalances.
B. It mtivates their ambitin t catch up.
C. It creates a cmpetitive wrk envirnment.
D. It encurages a wrkplace with mre equality.
2. Hw did Lucas and his c-authrs stimulate feelings f pwer in the participants?
A. Thrugh a creative task with time limits.
B. Thrugh prviding them with different psitins.
C. Thrugh a cmpetitin between leaders and emplyees.
D. Thrugh assigning them t different cnditins intentinally.
3. Hw did the secnd study differ frm the first study?
A. It had fewer runds.
B. It invlved mre participants.
C. Participants had a changed task.
D. Participants’ creativity gap became wider.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pwer tends t encurage creative ideas
B. Changing tasks bsts all the emplyees’ creativity
C. Warm-up time crrects creativity pwer imbalances
D. Lw-pwer individuals utperfrm the high-pwer nes
题组六 词义猜测(一)
Passage 21(2024江苏南京、盐城二模,C) 主题：生存与环境
Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half f the earth’s frests and grasslands fr agriculture. With the wrld ppulatin expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure n farmland t prduce nt nly mre fd but als clean energy. In places such as Yakima Cunty, Washingtn, it’s created cmpetitin fr space as land-hungry slar panels(太阳能电池板) cnsume available fields. Last mnth, the state apprved plans t cver 1,700 acres f agricultural land with slar panels, fueling cncerns ver the lng-term impacts f lsing crpland.
A recent study frm the University f Califrnia, hwever, shws hw farmers may sn harvest crps and energy tgether. One researcher, Majdi Abu Najm, explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated int blue and red light waves, and their phtns(光子) have different prperties. Blue nes have higher energy than red nes. While that gives the blue light what is needed t generate pwer, it als results in higher temperatures. “Frm a plant angle, red phtns are the efficient nes,” says Abu Najm. “They dn’t make the plant feel ht.”
A gal f the study is t create a new generatin f slar panels. He sees ptential in the rganic slar cells, which cme frm carbn-based materials. Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film nt varius surfaces. This new technlgy culd be used t develp special slar panels that blck the blue light t generate pwer while passing the red light n t crps planted directly belw. These panels culd als prvide shade fr heat-sensitive fruits during the httest part f the day.
By 2050, we’ll have abut tw billin mre peple, and we’ll need mre fd and mre energy. By maximizing the slar spectrum, “we’re making full use f an endlessly sustainable resurce,” says Abu Najm. “If a technlgy kicks in that can develp these panels, then the sky’s the limit n hw efficient we can be.”
1. What prblem des the first paragraph fcus n?
A. Lsing crpland t slar panels.
B. Distributin f the wrld ppulatin.
C. Reductin in frests and grasslands.
D. Cmpeting fr land between farmers.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Generatin f slar pwer.
B. Ht weather increasing efficiency.
C. Blue phtns having higher energy.
D. Separatin f the visible light spectrum.
3. What d we knw abut the rganic slar cells?
A. They make fruits heat-sensitive.
B. They can cl dwn in ht days.
C. They allw the red light t pass thrugh.
D. They can stre carbn-based materials.
4. What des Abu Najm think f the future f the new slar panels?
A. Limited.B. Prmising.
C. Uncertain.D. Challenging.
Passage 22(2024湖南师大附中月考七,D) 主题：自然科学研究成果
Caribbean bx jellyfish(水母)can learn t spt and avid bstacles(障碍) despite lacking a central brain, accrding t a new study. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can d smething called assciative learning. The nervus systems f Caribbean bx jellyfish are fairly simple, including fur “rhpalia(视神经束)” n a jellyfish’s bdy, each f which has six “eyes”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrve rt’s distance based n hw dark it lks cmpared t the water and make their way rund it. In cmmn water, nearby rts have high cntrast. Only distant rts fade int the backgrund. But in murky water, even nearby rts can blend int their surrundings and have lw cntrast. The researchers wndered if Caribbean bx jellyfish culd learn that lw-cntrast bjects—which might at first seem distant—were actually clse by.
T find ut, the team put 12 jellyfish int a rund water tank. The tank was surrunded by lw-cntrast gray and white stripes(条纹), which might appear t a jellyfish t be rts in clear water. A camera filmed the animals fr abut seven minutes. At first, they seemed t see the gray stripes as distant rts and cntinued t swim, ending up bumping against the tank wall. But thse cllisins(碰撞) seemed t lead the jellyfish t recnsider the stripes. Sn, the creatures treated the gray stripes mre like clse rts in murky water—and avided them.
This suggests that the rhpalia alne can learn that seemingly distant, lw-cntrast bjects are in fact clse enugh t avid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean bx jellyfish learning.
“That’s the clest part f the paper,” says Ken Cheng, a bilgist at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. “That gets us ne step dwn int the wiring f hw it wrks.” Fr Gaëlle Bttn-Amit, tracing learning t the rhpalia raises new questins. “They have fur f these things in their bdies. S hw des that wrk?” asks this neurbilgist. If a jellyfish lses ne f its rhpalia, des it frget everything thse “eyes” saw and the neurns had learned? Or d the ther rhpalia remember it?
1. Jellyfish are able t avid bstacles because .
A. they use brain cells t prcess infrmatin gathered
B. they rely n different levels f visual signal input
C. they have unique rgans t measure the distance
D. they are driven by excellent survival instinct
2. Which f the fllwing wrds has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd in paragraph 1?
A. Unusual.B. Cludy.C. Deep.D. Rapid.
3. What can we infer frm paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Jellyfish usually tend t be scared ff by the gray clr.
B. Jellyfish tend t cmpare stripes with mangrve rts.
C. Stimulatin in cntrlled envirnment backed the finding.
D. Rhpalia are in cntrl f the jellyfish’s memry system.
4. Which can be the best title fr the article?
A. N brain, n gain? Denies the jellyfish
B. Unique “eyes” help jellyfish survive
C. Evlutin f learning: frm nerve t brain
D. White r gray? Creature’s decisin-making
Passage 23(2024广东汕头一模,C) 主题：人与动物
A wild African bird that will lead peple t trees with hneycmb(蜂巢) seems t smehw learn the distinct whistles and calls f the human fragers(觅食者) wh live near them.
This bird species has far mre infrmatin abut what the bees are ding than humans ever culd. In Tanzania, Hadza fragers can use a special whistle t attract this bird, which will then fly dwn and start leading them t hney. With its nisy chattering sund, the bird is very cnspicuus. Once the bird arrives at a tree with hney inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly nt t disturb the bees. “That’s the signal t the Hadza t really start searching,” says Brian Wd, an anthrplgist at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles. Pretty sn, the fragers will lcate the hive and cut pen the tree trunk.
It is fund that the birds are mre likely t shw up when the familiar signal used by the lcals is being bradcast. Accrding t the research, the birds appear 82% f the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear nly 24% f the time when the researchers play the whistles traditinally used in a different natin.
This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbrs d when they want t partner up and g hney-hunting. “This is a very strng result which supprts the idea that there’s a learning prcess invlved,” says Wd.
But hw d the birds learn? It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal cmmunicatin seems t benefit bth parties, and it may g back many thusands f years. When the hneycmb is ut, the birds get sme f the beeswax, which they lve t eat. And the human fragers get the hney—which is an enrmusly imprtant fd fr the Hadza. Wd has calculated that the Hadza get abut 10% f the calries in their annual diet with the help f the birds.
1. What des the underlined wrd “cnspicuus” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Eye-catching.B. Carefree.
C. Naughty.D. Attractive.
2. What can we knw abut the birds?
A. They are raised by humans.
B. They help cut pen the tree trunk.
C. They feed n hney as their annual diet.
D. They can distinguish different whistles.
3. Which f the fllwing can best describe the hney gathering?
A. A cmplex dilemma.B. An unfair trade.
C. A duble-edged swrd.D. Win-win cperatin.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The familiar signal in the frest.
B. A talented expert in hunting the bees.
C. A wnderful guide t cllecting hney.
D. The human-animal cmmunicatin in Tanzania.
Passage 24(2024湖北武汉二调,D) 主题：奥秘探索
If yu live n this planet, there’s a decent chance yu’ve seen the classic Star Trek episde, in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears t be anther universe.
These days, it seems the idea f the multiverse—many wrlds—is having its Hllywd mment. Its appeal as a strytelling device is bvius—characters explre wrlds with varying degrees f similarity t ur wn, as well as different versins f themselves. Hence, it has been fully established in mainstream pp culture.
While Hllywd can’t seem t get enugh f the multiverse, it remains deeply cntrversial(有争议的) amng scientists. Advcates n the tw sides shw n mercy tward each ther in their bks and n their blgs. But physicists didn’t pull the idea ut f thin air—rather, several distinct lines f reasning seem t pint t the multiverse’s existence. Hwever, critics warn that legitimizing(使合法化) the multiverse culd make it harder fr the public t distinguish speculative(推测性的) theries frm established facts, making it mre difficult t keep pseud-science(伪科学) at bay. Giving credit t such speculatin risks “turning fundamental physics int pseud-science”.
The multiverse cntrversy is rted in the idea f testability. If we can’t interact with these ther universes, r detect them in any way, sme experts insist that reduces them t mere philsphical speculatin. But Carrll, an advcate fr “many wrlds”, argues that mathematics is the language describing ur physical theries. Since Schrödinger equatin(方程), n which quantum mechanics(量子力学) rests, predicts the existence f many wrlds, s be it.
Culd a mre expansive view f the universe itself be the next breakthrugh? As Siegfried puts it: “Every time in the past we’ve thught, ‘We’ve gt it; this is what the whle universe is’, the peple wh’ve said, ‘Maybe there’s mre than ne f thse’ have always turned ut t be right.”
1. Why is Hllywd s ccupied with the multiverse?
A. It makes fr engaging plts.
B. It is a much-talked-abut tpic.
C. It is helpful t ppularize science.
D. It dminates the mainstream pp culture.
2. What d the underlined wrds in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Out f date.B. Out f place.
C. Out f nwhere.D. Out f questin.
3. Accrding t the ppnents, the basic standard f fundamental physics is that .
A. it can be detected smehw
B. it can be reasned lgically
C. it can be interpreted philsphically
D. it can be predicted by mathematical equatins
4. What might be the authr’s attitude tward the multiverse?
A. Dubtful.B. Dismissive.C. Unclear.D. Apprving.
题组七 词义猜测(二)
Passage 25(2024广东广州一模,C) 主题：自然科学研究成果
When adult humans meet a baby, many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched(更高音的), sing-sng vice. This shift, knwn as parentese, is nt unique t humans—it has als been bserved in animals like mnkeys and grillas. Nw, scientists are adding ne mre species t that list: bttlense dlphins.
Dlphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in grups. They cmmunicate in a unique way: every individual prduces its wn signature sund that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday. But hw des each cme up with its distinctive whistle? Fr babies, it might have smething t d with listening t Mum. T slve this mystery, researchers examined the sunds mther dlphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ wrth f recrdings f sunds made by 19 female bttlense dlphins. When the mther dlphins were near their yung, they cntinued t make their signature sund, but at a higher frequency. They als used a wider range f frequencies than they did when their babies were nt nearby.
This discvery suggests that using these mdificatins mther dlphins assist their yung in learning hw t prduce these calls themselves. Since dlphin babies ften spend sme years with their mthers befre living n their wn, it makes sense that this adaptatin wuld help them learn t cmmunicate. At the very least, the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies’ attentin. “It’s imprtant fr a baby t knw, ‘Oh, Mum’s talking t me nw,’” says marine bilgist June Mann.
This kind f research culd help us understand hw language develped in dlphins. “It is abslutely essential t have basic knwledge abut ther species and hw they cmmunicate,” says Mann. “I wuld be really interested t see whether dlphins als change their sunds when interacting with babies f thers, which is what happens in humans.”
1. What d the underlined wrds “this mystery” refer t in paragraph 2?
A. Why dlphins live and play in grups.
B. Hw dlphins develp their unique sunds.
C. What aspects f intelligence dlphins pssess.
D. Whether dlphins can use parentese like humans.
2. Hw did the researchers carry ut their study f dlphins?
A. By analyzing mther dlphins’ sund features.
B. By recrding parent-child interactin frequency.
C. By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D. By examining the speech rgans f mther dlphins.
3. What is a suggested reasn why dlphin mthers use parentese with their yung?
A. T help them learn t talk.
B. T teach them hunting skills.
C. T express wrry and care.
D. T distract their attentin.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T cmpare the parentese f humans and dlphins.
B. T illustrate the develpment f dlphin intelligence.
C. T share new findings abut dlphin cmmunicatin.
D. T highlight the value f studying dlphins’ language.
Passage 26(2024安徽皖南八校第二次联考,D) 主题：技术创新
The measurement f bld pressure ges back almst three centuries, leading t the prcedure that we all knw and that ur family dctr perfrms when we have checkups: A cuff(袖带) ges arund ur arm, which is first inflated(充气), and then deflated(放气), in a cntrlled manner, t determine ur maximum and minimum bld pressure.
But the use f inflatable-cuff bld pressure mnitrs has sme disadvantages. Fr ne thing, unless peple have hme mnitrs, they must g t a chemistry shp, dctr’s ffice r health center t learn what their bld pressure is. Anther barrier is that repeated inflatin and deflatin f the cuff can cause difficulties when, fr example, a patient is in the hspital and needs frequent bld pressure mnitring. And the last ne is that since cuffs dn’t allw cntinuus measurement f bld pressure, they’re nly prviding a measurement at a specific mment.
Tday, a new generatin f bld pressure devices have been develped and their aim is t make it easier t judge high bld pressure. Unlike traditinal devices, they d withut the arm cuff and ffer bld pressure values n demand. Users just press their finger n a sensr n a watch and ring.
The varius cuffless measuring devices are based n methds that, instead f directly determining bld pressure, use sensrs t capture varius indirect signals. These signals are prcessed by different sets f mathematical prcedures t btain the bld pressure values. It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heartbeat and sweating instead f using a thermmeter(体温表), r divining the result f a sccer match frm utside the stadium by listening t the screams f the sccer fans.
The develpment f devices fr measuring bld pressure withut a bld pressure cuff is prgressing rapidly, but that desn’t mean they are ready used t make diagnstic and treatment decisins. “The rad t clinical applicatin may be sme day in the near future, but nt nw,” Avli says.
1. Hw many drawbacks f inflatable-cuff bld pressure mnitrs are there in the text?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
2. Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd in paragraph 4?
A. Changing.B. Describing.
C. Guessing.D. Remembering.
3. What’s the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A. The wrking principle f cuffless measuring devices.
B. The different methds fr setting mathematical prcedures.
C. The way f cuffless measuring devices measuring indirect signals.
D. The cnnectin between inferring fever and measuring bld pressure.
4. What will the writer mst prbably talk abut n cuffless measuring devices next?
A. The issue f mass-prducing them.
B. The prcessing techniques f them.
C. The cmpetitive intensity amng their prducers.
D. The reasns fr them nt being used in the medical wrld currently.
Passage 27(2024浙江嘉兴二模,D) 主题：社会热点问题
It’s cmmnly acknwledged that ur lives are ruled by algrithms(算法), but have we really cllectively understd hw they have transfrmed ur culture and persnality?
In Filterwrld: Hw algrithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues cnvincingly that the rise f algrithm-driven feeds, used everywhere nline frm Instagram t Sptify, has led t a mre unifrm culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly dn’t belng t us, but t algrithms that are designed t keep peple engaged at all csts. If the cllectin f ur tastes truly shapes ur entire persnality, then this lss is mre psychlgically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrlling(滚屏) thrugh Netflix r TikTk may seem harmless, but ver days, mnths r years, we lse tuch with what we like and enjy.
Taste-making algrithms are inescapable. Chayka shws this by wrking thrugh all crners f life: what we wear (TikTk), where we eat (Ggle Maps), music we listen t (Sptify), even wh we date r marry (Tinder). This universe f algrithm-driven decisins has sciety-wide implicatins: “It extends t influence ur physical spaces, ur cities, and the rutes we mve them in turn.” N ne gets ut f the Filterwrld untuched.
If yu’re lucky enugh nt t need any srt f algrithm-based system fr yur wrk, then yu have the ptin t step back frm algrithms fr a while. But if yur friend suggests a film recmmended n X/Twitter r yu feel the need t buy thse shes suddenly everyne has started wearing after scial media advertisements, what are yu t d? It all feels fruitless.
This Filterwrld may be inescapable, but there is hpe. Yu can start by engaging mre with the media yu d chse t cnsume. This culd mean reading up n a film yu watched r paying artists yu like directly. Even the thughtful act f recmmending an album t a friend is mre rewarding than a randm TikTk feed. As Chayka says, resistance t algrithms “requires an act f willpwer, a chice t mve thrugh the wrld in a different way.”
1. What is Kyle Chayka’s pinin n algrithms?
A. They imprve ur tastes.
B. They make ur culture mre alike.
C. They help t identify ur persnality.
D. They cntribute t psychlgical prblems.
2. What des the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The sciety with advanced technlgy.
B. The wrld withut scial media platfrms.
C. The netwrk f algrithm-driven decisins.
D. The cmmunity free frm algrithmic influence.
3. Which f the fllwing is a way t resist the impact f algrithms?
A. Limiting the use f scial media platfrms.
B. Making chices based n friends’ suggestins.
C. Getting mre invlved with the selected media.
D. Discnnecting frm scial media advertisements.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Algrithms: Cultural Takever
B. The Secret f Algrithms
C. Scial Media: Cultural Messenger
D. The Rise f Digital Platfrms
Passage 28(2024江苏南通二模,C) 主题：动物保护
The science f why insects gather arund lights at night has never been nailed dwn. Ppular theries prpse that mths and ther insects navigate(导航) by the mn and mistake lamps fr mnlight, r that the insects fly twards light t escape cming danger. Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer: cntrary t current theries, insects are nt attracted t light frm far away, but becme trapped if they fly clse t an artificial light surce.
Accrding t Dr Samuel Fabian, study c-authr and Imperial Cllege Lndn entmlgist, mths and many ther insects that fly at night evlved int tilting(倾斜) their backs t wherever is the brightest. Fr hundreds f millins f years, this was the sky rather than the grund. The trick tld insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Mths fund themselves tilting their backs t street lamps. This caused them t circle arund the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evlutin.
Fabian and his clleagues filmed insect flight paths arund lights in the lab. The vides reveal that time and again, mths and dragnflies turned their backs t artificial lights, which appeared t greatly change their flight paths. If the light is abve them, they might start rbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles r diving tward the grund.
Researchers have lng warned that light pllutin is a big driving frce in the dramatic decline in insect ppulatins. Mths and ther insects that becme trapped arund lamps becme easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can als fl them int thinking it is daytime, causing them t bed dwn and skip a night’s feeding.
There are,Fabian believes, helpful lessns frm the research. “What this tells us is that the directin f artificial light matters. Culd we change lighting envirnments t nt trap insects? Fr we’re facing a massive decline in insects arund the wrld, and artificial light at night is ne f the factrs that culd ptentially be leading t this decline,” Fabian said.
1. What d the underlined wrds “nailed dwn” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Ppularized widely.
B. Discussed penly.
C. Defined accurately.
D. Explred academically.
2. Fabian’s study fund that mths circle arund the lamps endlessly because .
A. they can’t keep their balance
B. they use imprper flight attitudes
C. they lse track f which way is up
D. they are attracted t lights frm far away
3. What is the significance f the research finding?
A. It may lead t better cnservatin f insects.
B. Natural enemies f insects will be gt rid f.
C. Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D. It may raise cncerns fr insects’ eating behavir.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Why insects lse their ability t fly at night.
B. Why artificial light and evlutin trap insects.
C. Hw artificial light impacts insect ppulatins.
D. Hw insects evlved distinct strategies f flight.
综合提升练
题组一
Passage 29(2024广东湛江一模,A) 主题：文化渊源
Tp Cffee-prducing Cuntries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century, Brazil started grwing cffee. Nw, arund 300,000 cffee farmers in Brazil prduce abut 40% f the wrld’s cffee. Arabica takes up 70% f the cffee beans grwn in the cuntry. In Brazil, 3% f exprt incme is frm cffee beans. Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng.
Vietnam
Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s. Nw the cffee industry emplys almst 3 millin peple. Mst f Vietnam’s cffee prductin is the less appreciated Rbusta variety. Because f that, mst cffee beans grwn in Vietnam are fr instant cffee. Despite cffee’s ppularity as an exprt crp, the Vietnamese still prefer tea. They als make a famus cappuccin nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if that’s t yur liking.
Clmbia
Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s. In Clmbia, abut 2.3 millin acres f land are planted with cffee. Cffee is the mst imprtant agricultural exprt. There are arund 555,000 cffee grwers in Clmbia. The majrity f Clmbian cffee plantatins are wned by families. Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint. It’s a small cup f black cffee that’s sweetened with sugars. They may add cinnamn r ther spices t jazz it up.
Indnesia
Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s, which has its share f ups and dwns. In the late 19th century, the terrible cffee rust disease wiped ut many f the high-quality cffee plants. T prevent this frm happening again, Indnesia replanted with the disease-resistant Rbusta cffee. Arabica beans still play a part in the Indnesian cffee market, representing abut 25% f cffee beans grwn there.

1. Which f the fur cuntries started grwing cffee earliest?
A. Brazil.B. Vietnam.C. Clmbia.D. Indnesia.
2. What is special abut Vietnam?
A. A unique kind f cffee drink is made there.
B. High-quality cffee beans are prduced there.
C. Cffee was prduced fr the hme market there.
D. Cffee planting met with prblems in the 1990s there.
3. What d Brazil and Clmbia have in cmmn?
A. Cffee exprts are grwing in bth cuntries.
B. They bth have a cffee-lving ppulatin.
C. They share the same number f cffee grwers.
D. Cffee farms are wned by families in bth cuntries.
Passage 30(2024山东淄博一模,B) 主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物
There was n way t escape when they sptted a plar bear. Verena Mhaupt and a handful f clleagues were trapped n flating sea ice while the bear gazed at them, smelling the air—a dangerus sign.
“That’s when everything kicks in,” Mhaupt says, “and yu fcus n what’s imprtant.” As a clleague fired int the sky as a warning sht, Mhaupt radied their research ship a few kilmetres away, whse helicpter luckily arrived quickly and Mhaupt didn’t have t use the gun that was hanging ver her shulder.
Keeping a lkut fr bears was a regular duty fr Mhaupt, the lgistics crdinatr(后勤协调员) fr a year-lng missin knwn as MOSAiC—the largest Arctic research explratin in histry. The prject, cnsisting f rughly 300 scientists, led by scientist Markus Rex, has cllected massive measurements that will help better frecast hw warming will transfrm the glbe in the cming decades. Fr mnths, the explratin perated in cnstant darkness while plar bears wandered nearby, strms rcked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began t melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare fr researchers wh needed t keep their instruments frm sinking.
Tasked with the security f the missin, Mhaupt designed an extensive training curse fr the participants in which they learnt hw t avid the danger, like strm-rcking and ice-cracking. They jumped int a Nrwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed ut f the freezing waters using nly their ice picks. They learnt hw t escape frm a crashed helicpter. And they discussed the psychlgical effects f being far frm hme. Mhaupt brught knitting equipment, a yga mat and an accrdin fr her wn mental health—althugh having been prepared fr the islatin.
Mhaupt didn’t expect a career in plar regins, but says she has always been drawn t the nrth. “She was there t make sure that we were prtected,” says a scientist. “Mhaupt is certainly the champin in the field.”
1. Why des the authr mentin a plar bear in the beginning?
A. T shw the threat f bears.
B. T tell an interesting stry.
C. T intrduce Mhaupt’s jb.
D. T describe the plar scenery.
2. What can we knw frm paragraph 3?
A. The wrking cnditins were tugh.
B. Mhaupt helped t cllect massive data.
C. The explratin went n in ttal darkness.
D. Mhaupt’s duty was t prtect plar bears.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mhaupt?
A. Ambitius and brave.
B. Passinate and dependent.
C. Cnsiderate and mdest.
D. Prfessinal and respnsible.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. A Ptential Danger in the Explratin
B. A Guardian Angel fr Plar Researchers
C. A Great Scientific Explratin in Histry
D. A Great Female Scientist in Plar Research
Passage 31(2024云南一模,C) 主题：人与动物
Almst all new parents struggle t get enugh sleep while caring fr their newbrns. Fr sme penguin(企鹅) parents, thugh, perids f sleep are especially shrt.
Researchers recently fund that Chinstrap penguins nly sleep fr abut fur secnds at a time in rder t prtect their eggs and newbrn chicks. They d this thusands f times thrughut the day. The shrt “micrsleeps” ttal arund 11 hurs each day. The micrsleeps appear t be enugh t keep the parents ging fr many weeks.
Niels Rattenbrg, a sleep researcher at the Max Planck Institute fr Bilgical Intelligence in Germany, said, “What’s surprising is that the penguins are able t functin kay and successfully raise their yung.”
Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in Nvember in nests made up f small rcks. Mated(交配的) pairs share parenting respnsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alne while the ther ges ff t fish fr family meals. Adult penguins dn’t face many natural enemies in the mating seasn. But large birds called brwn skuas eat the penguin eggs and small chicks. Other adult penguins may als try t steal the small rcks frm the nests, s penguin parents must always be n guard.
Fr the first time, scientists tracked the sleeping behavir f Chinstrap penguins. They did this by attaching devices that measure brain waves. They cllected data n 14 adults ver 11 days n King Gerge Island ff the cast f Antarctica.
Wn Yung Lee, a bilgist at the Krean Plar Research Institute, thught f the idea fr the study when he saw breeding penguins ften blinking(眨) their eyes and apparently sleeping. But the team needed t recrd brain waves t cnfirm the animals were sleeping. “Fr these penguins, micrsleeps have sme restrative functins,” he said. He added that they culdn’t make it withut micrsleeps.
The researchers didn’t cllect sleep data utside the mating seasn. But they suspect that the penguins may sleep fr lnger perids at ther times f the year.
1. What have researchers fund abut Chinstrap penguins?
A. They take turns t take care f the yung.
B. They can sleep fr several secnds at a time.
C. They rest fr 11 hurs in a rw every day.
D. They behave prly due t lack f sleep.
2. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The habitats f the penguins.
B. The living habits f the penguins.
C. The mating seasns f the penguins.
D. The natural enemies f the penguins.
3. Which f the fllwing might Wn Yung Lee agree with?
A. Micrsleeps f the penguins matter in the mating seasn.
B. It’s difficult t recrd brain waves f the penguins.
C. The penguins may sleep lnger than peple believe.
D. Mre funds are needed t further study the penguins.
4. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A bk review.B. A travel brchure.
C. A science jurnal.D. A chemistry textbk.
Passage 32(2024江西赣州一模,D) 主题：认识自我
Yu laugh ut lud when a friend misses a step n the stairs, but sn yu feel guilty f laughing at their clumsiness. Yu may ask yurself “Shuldn’t I feel empathetic(共情的) t the persn invlved?” Dn’t wrry. Yur laughter is nt prvked by lack f empathy. As a clinical psychlgist, I’d like t shed light n different aspects f such a situatin which can bring ur usually well-meaning laughter.
The first f these ingredients is surprise. The unexpected situatin surprises us and creates a departure frm the predictable, frm what we expected t see. This incngruus(不一致的) situatin highlights ur errrs f predictin. Laughing at the situatin is a way f reslving the incngruity by making a new and cmic interpretatin f what we witnessed.
Besides, we react accrding t hw we interpret the persn’s facial expressin. A study explred this. Participants were asked t view 210 images representing three types f faces: faces expressing a puzzled lk, faces expressing pain r anger, and peple whse bdies were placed in awkward psitins, withut the face being visible.
At the end f the study, participants rated the images with puzzled faces as funnier than images in which the faces expressed pain r anger, and funnier than images in which bdies were shwn in ridiculus psitins but n facial expressin was seen.
S when we perceive puzzlement in the facial expressin f the victim f clumsiness, this infrmatin creates a cntext that makes us laugh. On the ther hand, if we can read suffering r anger in the facial expressin, we will be tuched by the pain f the victim f the fall and be empathetic, which will prevent us frm laughing.
Let’s frgive urselves fr laughing at cmical situatins invlving ther peple’s clumsiness! Having learnt that they are nt actually in danger and have nt really hurt themselves, we aren’t laughing at the ther persn’s suffering.
1. What des the underlined wrd “prvked” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Determined.B. Cnfirmed.
C. Caused.D. Prevented.
2. What makes us laugh at ther peple’s clumsiness?
A. Unpredictability.B. Visibility.
C. Dignity.D. Identity.
3. What d we knw abut the study?
A. The faces expressing pain r anger were ften ignred.
B. Awkward psitins seemed funnier than puzzled expressins.
C. Peple laughed at thers’ suffering in unfrtunate situatins.
D. Participants were asked t indicate hw funny the images were.
4. What des the authr think f laughing at peple’s awkwardness?
A. Praisewrthy.B. Unacceptable.
C. Frgivable.D. Ridiculus.
题组二
Passage 33(2024湖南邵阳一模,A) 主题：社会服务
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We perate fr all means f transprtatin available in the cuntry, starting with buses fr grups t car rental t individuals.
Guidance
We have the mst qualified guides wh speak French, English, German, Italian, Spanish, etc. We bank n their cmmunicatin skills as well as their knwledge in varius fields.
Fancy Dinners
We prepare utdr dinners in particular places such as castles, beaches, ld and traditinal huses, etc. Usually, these dinners are arranged accrding t the clients’ chices.
Luggage Cncierge
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1. What is special abut the cmpany?
A. It prvides ne-stp cmplete turism.
B. It supplies the best flight and htels.
C. It ffers transfer service.
D. Its guides speak varius languages.
2. What can yu d with yur luggage befre travelling?
A. Send it t yur destinatin directly.
B. Carry it by yurself.
C. Keep it as light as pssible.
D. Hand it t Luggage Cncierge.
3. What’s the purpse f the text?
A. T diversify the ecnmy.
B. T attract turists.
C. T cnserve the envirnment.
D. T entertain readers.
Passage 34(2024浙江湖丽衢二模,D) 主题：语言学习
Babies as yung as 4 mnths ld wh are brn int a bilingual(双语的) envirnment shw distinct and ptentially advantageus brain patterns fr speech prcessing. Our early-life experiences can have lifelng effects n ur behavir. The brain is mst sensitive t its envirnment during the first year f life, which is thught t be a critical perid fr language develpment.
Previus studies have lked int the brain mechanisms that underlie speech prcessing in babies wh hear just ne language. T understand this in bilingual-expsed infants, Brja Blanc at the University f Cambridge and his clleagues cmpared hw 31 babies wh nly heard Spanish and 26 babies wh heard Spanish and Basque, all aged 4 mnths, respnded t Spanish recrdings f The Little Prince by Antine de Saint-Exupéry.
The team used an imaging technique called functinal near-infrared spectrscpy (fNIRS) t measure changes in brain activities. In the Spanish-nly babies, the recrdings caused activatin in areas which play a rle in speech prcessing. In the bilingual-expsed babies, the recrdings similarly evked respnses in these areas, but they were larger and wider. These infants als had activatin in equivalent areas f their brains’ right hemispheres(半球). When the recrdings were then played backwards as a cntrl f the experiment, the infants expsed t just Spanish had larger respnses t the backward speech, while thse t Spanish and Basque had similar brain patterns as befre. This may be because the bilingual infants take lnger t recgnize their primary language, in this case Spanish, as hearing bth this and Basque reduces their verall expsure t either language.
If this is the case, it culd help them be sensitive t linguistic differences and enable them t learn t distinguish between languages at a yunger age. The researchers nte that a bilingual envirnment stimulates changes in the brain mechanisms underlying speech prcessing in yung infants, adding weight t the idea that the neural basis f learning tw r mre languages is established very early in life.
1. Why was the study cnducted?
A. T reveal the impact f bilingual expsure.
B. T cnfirm the pattern f brain mechanisms.
C. T cnclude the factrs fr speech prcessing.
D. T explre ptential fr language develpment.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Thery basis.B. Study methds.
C. Research findings.D. Technical assistance.
3. What can we learn frm the research?
A. Bilingual-expsed babies are mre sensitive.
B. Bilingual-expsed babies are mre linguistically sensible.
C. Bilingual-expsure reduces babies’ linguistic cmpetence.
D. Bilingual-expsure reduces babies’ verall language expsure.
4. Which f the fllwing statements might the researchers agree with?
A. Immigrants speak better languages.
B. Mixed-race families wn mre linguistic ptential.
C. Exchange students shw greater learning capabilities.
D. Overseas wrkers have higher language prficiency.
Passage 35(2024山东聊城一模,C) 主题：科技发展
Crwded streets, nise, and unattractive grey buildings can be bring and stressful. A slutin t such prblems may lie in nature, which can have calming and renewing pwer.
Intrducing vegetatin r clrful designs may make cities mre livable. Hwever, grwing plants r cvering buildings in paint t test these appraches is expensive and incnvenient. Mrever, studying these phenmena utdrs can be tricky, as many factrs can affect the final results. “Measuring pleasure and mtivatin in natural settings is extremely hard,” explained Prf. Yvnne Delevye-Turrell f the University f Lille. “Human reactins are sensitive t envirnmental changes, such as weather r traffic. Cnsequently, we used virtual reality t measure reactins t these factrs in a virtual urban space.”
Using virtual reality, the team created an immersive(沉浸式的) urban envirnment with either n vegetatin r sme green vegetatin, as well as intrducing clrful patterns nt a path. Then they invited students t participate in the study. Wearing a VR headset and walking n the spt, the students spent time explring the virtual envirnment. T find ut where the vlunteers were lking and fr hw lng, each headset included an eye tracker.
The researchers fund that the students walked mre slwly when there was green vegetatin present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They wuld spend less time lking at the grund and mre time bserving their surrundings. These results indicate a pleasurable experience. Clrful patterns alne did nt have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetatin, but they inspired interest and passin in the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.
Virtual reality culd be a valuable tl fr urban planners, enabling them t virtually test the impact f varius factrs. In the future, the researchers hpe t make the VR experience even mre immersive t btain the mst accurate results.
1. What des Delevye-Turrell think is difficult abut the slutin t bring city life?
A. Sensing peple’s reactins t pleasure.
B. Having reasnable designs fr buildings.
C. Applying VR technlgy t city planning.
D. Testing the effects in the real wrld.
2. Hw des virtual reality wrk in the study?
A. By creating an immersive virtual urban envirnment.
B. By inviting students t walk in the street.
C. By cvering the path with clrful patterns.
D. By creating virtual participants.
3. What can be inferred abut clrful patterns?
A. They guided students t find greens in real life.
B. They helped students cntrl their strng emtins.
C. They awakened students’ enthusiasm.
D. They weakened the impact f vegetatin.
4. What is the main idea f the text?
A. City buildings take pleasure away frm peple.
B. Nature empwers peple in special ways.
C. VR helps test the effect f clrful patterns and greens in cities.
D. Clrful patterns and greens in cities prmte human health.
Passage 36(2024东北三省四市教研联合体一模,D) 主题：自然科学研究成果
German-brn physicist Albert Einstein is ne f the mst famus scientists f all time, the persnificatin f genius and the subject f a whle industry f schlarship. In The Einsteinian Revlutin, tw experts n Einstein’s life and his thery f relativity—Israeli physicist Hanch Gutfreund and German histrian f science Jürgen Renn—ffer an riginal and penetrating(犀利的) analysis f Einstein’s revlutinary cntributins t physics and ur view f the physical wrld.
Fr the first time ever, by setting Einstein’s wrk in the lng curse f the evlutin f scientific knwledge, Gutfreund and Renn discver the ppular miscnceptin f Einstein as an uncnventinal scientific genius wh single-handedly created mdern physics—and by pure thught alne.
As a large part f the bk explains, Einstein typically argued that science prgresses thrugh steady evlutin, nt thrugh a revlutinary break with the past. He saw his thery f relativity nt as smething frm scratch, but a natural extensin f classical physics develped by pineers such as Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newtn in the sixteenth t eighteenth centuries, as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authrs highlight hw classical physics cannt be separated cleanly frm mdern Einsteinian physics. The bk als includes substantial sectins n Plish astrnmer Niclaus Cpernicus and Galile whse methds inspired Einstein. When Einstein cnsidered himself as standing n their shulders, he meant that, withut their cntributins, he wuld nt have frmulated(创立) the thery f relativity.
The Einsteinian Revlutin is an imprtant and thught-prvking cntributin t the schlarly literature n Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity. Gutfreund and Renn might nt have given the final answer as t why Einstein, f all peple, revlutinized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, t understand his genius, ne must take int accunt nt just the earlier histry f physics but als the histry f knwledge mre bradly. Althugh nt always an easy read, the bk will interest physicists and histrians alike.

1. What’s the attitude f Gutfreund and Renn t the ppular viewpint n Einstein?
A. Oppsing.B. Favrable.C. Ambiguus.D. Indifferent.
2. What des the underlined phrase “frm scratch” prbably mean?
A. Frm nthing.B. Up t a certain standard.
C. By learning frm thers.D. With previus knwledge.
3. What des the authr mean t say by mentining the famus physicists?
A. Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B. Their devtin t physics impressed Einstein.
C. Their research cntributed t Einstein’s success.
D. Their hard wrk deserved wrldwide respect.
4. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A guidebk t a curse.
B. An intrductin t a bk.
C. An essay n Albert Einstein.
D. A review f physics develpment.
题组三
Passage 37(2024安徽A10联盟质量检测,A) 主题：人与环境
Summer Day Camps
Jin the Envirnmental Learning Center(ELC) this summer fr adventure in the utdrs! We can’t wait t be part f yur summer!
1. What ability can yu learn frm The Wildness Week?
A. T interpret the singing f birds.
B. T experiment n wild animals.
C. T get alng with wild animals.
D. T survive well in the wild.
2. Which camp will prvide infrmatin relevant t wrking in the wild?
A. Outdr-lgists.B. Animal Antics.
C. The Wildness Week.D. Yung Experimenters.
3. Hw much will yu get if yu cancel yur reservatin fr Animal Antics n April 6?
A. $230.B. $180.C. $115.D. $50.
Passage 38(2024江苏南通二模,D) 主题：文学
I’m a laypersn with a lve f science wh ccasinally reads science magazines. My apprach was frm an authr’s angle, spending mnths n research befre writing a single wrd fr Pig-Heart By.
S where did I get the idea? Whenever I attend a schl event, that questin is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a dctr wh guessed that we wuld eventually have t turn t xentransplantatin(异种器官移植) as a pssible slutin t the lack f human rgan dnrs. It left my mind filled with questins. What are the cnsequences? D we really have the right t treat animals as mere rgan surces fr humans? S I headed t my nearest bkshp and bught all the bks I culd n heart transplants in particular.
I’ve fund questins are ne f the best places t start frm when writing a nvel. In my stry, Camern, wh needs a heart transplant, knws he is unlikely t see his next birthday unless he receives ne, but he is a lng way dwn the waiting list. When a genetically mdified (GM) pig’s heart is ffered by a pineering dctr, Camern decides t g fr it—and his new heart cmpletely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Nw sme peple think that the subject matter is nt suitable fr children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways f xentransplantatin. I cmpletely disagree. As a children’s authr, it never ceases t amaze me hw sme adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted t write a stry that prvided n right r wrng answers, a stry that wuld allw the reader t walk in Camern’s shes fr a while and think abut what decisins they wuld make and hw they wuld react if they t were faced with his situatin.
Fictinal stries that explre new ideas when it cmes t STEM (science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics) subjects als have a part t play in enriching ur children’s reading and learning. Varius studies have shwn that reading fictin enhances ur children’s ability t grasp new cncepts. Pig-Heart By was my attempt t incrprate science int a believable, thught-prvking(令人深思的) stry.
1. Where did the authr get inspiratin frm t write Pig-Heart By?
A. A schl event.B. A news item.
C. Science magazines.D. Bks n heart transplants.
2. What might be a majr cncern f thse wh disagree with Pig-Heart By?
A. Animal rights.B. GM technlgy.
C. Organ transplant risks.D. Organ shrtage crisis.
3. What are the last tw paragraphs f the text mainly abut?
A. Ways f tapping children’s intelligence.
B. Ptential applicatin f fictinal stries.
C. Supprting evidence fr justifying the bk.
D. Influence f fictinal stries n STEM subjects.
4. What is Pig-Heart By?
A. An authr prfile.
B. A science fictin nvel.
C. A guidebk t xentransplantatin.
D. An essay n writing children’s literature.
Passage 39(2024安徽安庆二模,C) 主题：生活方式
A middle-aged wman playing by herself in the snw is an undeniably dd sight, but maybe it shuldn’t be. New research suggests that mdern adults are suffering frm vermuch depressin, s play may be as essential t ur health as sleep.
It’s believed that adult play can lead t useful discveries, which is supprted by a study n Bali’s lng-tailed mnkeys. Fr her dctral paper at the University f Lethbridge, animal researcher Camilla Cenni left tw types f puzzle bxes fr the mnkeys t slve. T get the fd inside, they had t drp a rck int the cntainer r use it t hit the bx. She fund the mnkeys that previusly had been bserved drpping rcks fr fun were mre likely t slve the rck-drpping puzzle, while thse that had discvered the jy f tapping rcks tgether think f the answer t the tapping puzzle.
This finding als suggests that smewhere, deep in ur evlutinary histry, a playful prt-human(原始人) came up with the cncept f stne tls. “Even tday, the urge t play underlies mst f humanity’s greatest inventins, artwrks, and scientific breakthrughs,” play researcher Stuart Brwn says. “When I interviewed Nbel winners, I was struck by hw mst f them didn’t separate wrk and play. Their labs were their playgrunds.”
“The ppsite f play isn’t wrk; it’s depressin,” says Brwn. “Play is all abut lking at a tugh wrld with creativity and ptimism. It gives us the ability t cperate and get alng with peple wh differ frm us.” He ges s far as t declare that “adult play is necessary fr ur survival as a species.”
The next time I’m caught playing, I knw exactly what I’ll say: “I am nt wasting time, r acting immature. I’m playing fr the benefit f all humanity. Yu’re welcme.”
1. What is the phenmenn the authr describes at the beginning f the text?
A. Playing with snw is strange.
B. Wild nature is difficult t find.
C. Many peple are stressed ut.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
2. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The necessity f the study.
B. The imprtance f adult play.
C. Main activities f mnkeys.
D. Varius functins f a rck.
3. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining a playful prt-human?
A. T explain the cncept f play.
B. T cmpare tw research findings.
C. T highlight scientific breakthrughs.
D. T ffer sme backgrund infrmatin.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the authr in the last paragraph?
A. Humrus.B. Optimistic.C. Caring.D. Active.
Passage 40(2024浙江台州二模,D) 主题：认识自我
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American husewives were dubtful. These mixes, prmising easy cake-baking, felt t easy. The manufacturers discvered that requiring the additin f an egg in the baking prcess was just enugh t make the husewives happy with their wrk. The great effrt gained frm a little extra labr is believed t have been essential t the later success f the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect(宜家效应), which is identified by psychlgist Michael I. Nrtn and his clleagues, suggesting we place greater value n things we have wrked t create. They cnducted fur studies in which they asked participants t fld paper cranes and frgs, assemble IKEA bxes, and build sets f Leg. They then asked the builders t bid(出价) fr their creatins, and cmpared the prices with bids frm peple wh hadn’t built them. The builders cnsistently utbid the nn-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect wrks even when peple have n pprtunity t fully persnalize their creatins. While mst participants’ flding skills left much t be desired, they lved their imperfectly persnalized prducts all the mre. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creatins nearly five times as much as nn-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye f the builder.
Tday, as cities are suffering frm severe husing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight int the well-being benefits f a self-building apprach t husing develpment. Prjects like WikiHuse and the “half-a-huse” apprach pineered by Alejandr Aravena’s architecture cmpany Elemental are wrking t make husing mre affrdable and sustainable by making it easier fr peple t build and persnalize their wn hmes.
“The mment peple are invlved with their built envirnment, they have a ttally different relatinship t it,” WikiHuse c-funder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the rf starts leaking r a dr starts creaking, they have the pwer t fix it themselves.”
1. What brught custmers the jy f cake-baking accrding t paragraph 1?
A. A better taste.B. An easy apprach.
C. A detailed recipe.D. An additinal effrt.
2. What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A. Creatins are based n skills.
B. Extra labr increases perceived value.
C. Beauty is fund thrugh cntrast.
D. Strict management brings gd quality.
3. What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude twards public invlvement in husing?
A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Dubtful.D. Supprtive.
4. What’s the purpse f this text?
A. T prmte a brand.B. T make a prpsal.
C. T explain a cncept.D. T intrduce a study.
题组四
Passage 41(2024江苏南通二模,A) 主题：旅游冒险
Ayung River Rafting
Abut the trip
Explre Ayung River Rafting, the lngest river rafting in Ayung River, white-water rafting! The river is classified t level Ⅱ t Ⅲ and yur rafting trip will be apprximately 2 hurs. Our friendly and experienced raft guides will take yu n a safe and fun trip. Yu’ll find a level f prfessinalism that ffers unique insights int Bali’s natural wnders and memrable experiences thrugh the rainfrest. Dn’t miss ut n this unfrgettable adventure that shwcases the beauty f Ayung River and the excitement and thrills f tackling the rapids f Ayung River.
Prices

Tips
•We suggest yu bring shrt pants r a swimsuit, a pair f changing clthes, sunscreen and extra mney fr drinks and suvenirs(纪念品).
•Steep rad lies at the beginning and at the end f the tur, please be ready t walk with reliable shes!
•Plastic bags fr wet clthes are available, but yu are advised t bring yur wn t reduce plastic use.
•Single-use raincats are available if it rains. Hwever, please bring yur wn t reduce plastic use.
1. What d we knw abut Ayung River Rafting?
A. It’s an exciting guided adventure.
B. It helps t cnserve the rainfrest.
C. It ffers unique insights int sciety.
D. It’s perated in the wrld’s fastest river.
2. What’s the charge fr an Ayung River Rafting Grup f 4 including Return Htel Transfer?
A. IDR 430.B. IDR 485.C. IDR 1940.D. IDR 2200.
3. What are the turists advised t wear n a walk?
A. Swimsuits.B. Strng shes.
C. Raincats.D. Wet clthes.
Passage 42(2024浙江绍兴二模,C) 主题：社会进步
T build a prsperus(繁荣的) sciety, a fundamental understanding f the mdern ecnmy as a driving frce in tday’s wrld is essential.
What kind f prsperity have we achieved s far? The widespread definitin f prsperity fcuses n ecnmic pwer and grwth as measures f success. Let’s take a lk at histry. The Secnd Industrial Revlutin enabled mass prductin and created a sufficient supply f gds. This has greatly increased the imprtance f mney in its rle as “a stre f value” and “a medium f exchange”. As a result, we have pursued ecnmic pwer as the nly indicatr f prsperity, such as GDP. Waves f glbalizatin and technlgical evlutin have prmted verall ecnmic grwth, but have allwed the few wh are strng t achieve greater pwer while expliting the many wh are weak. Cnsequently, inequality has wrsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path t a truly prsperus wrld requires a shift in fcus twards the mst suitable happiness fr all, in additin t ecnmic pwer. Defining happiness, hwever, is a cmplex task. What makes peple happy? The degree t which the same thing creates happiness differs frm persn t persn. Happiness is subjective and cmplicated. This is a wrld f “multiple values” where each f us determines wrth as ppsed t “ne fixed price” based merely n an ecnmic perspective. Individuals shuldn’t be defined by a single identity r rle but by multidimensinal nature as well as multiple rles making independent chices and taking actin fr their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pineers in pursuing nt nly ecnmic grwth but als the happiness f all citizens f sciety. Cmpanies can cntribute thrugh the pursuit f scial values as well as ecnmic prfit. At the heart f this lies “purpse”. A cmpany’s purpse defines the value it brings t sciety. The true wrth f a cmpany shuld be determined nt just by the returns it creates fr sharehlders but by the value it creates fr sciety as a whle.
1. What is the authr’s attitude t the widely accepted standard f prsperity?
A. Indifferent.B. Critical.C. Uncertain.D. Apprving.
2. What is the side effect f technlgical evlutin?
A. The slwer ecnmic grwth speed.
B. The sharp reductin f jb pprtunities.
C. The enlarged gap between the rich and the pr.
D. The increasing cnflict between different natins.
3. Which statement will the authr agree with accrding t the passage?
A. Happiness is changeable and beynd cntrl.
B. Happiness largely depends n ecnmic pwer.
C. The pursuit f prfit determines a cmpany’s true wrth.
D. A prsperus wrld shuld be measured by multiple values.
4. Wh are the main intended readers f the text?
A. Scial psychlgists.B. Enterprise administratrs.
C. Schl educatrs.D. Technlgical researchers.
Passage 43(2024湖南长沙新高考适应性考试,C) 主题：体育运动
Fr the rapidly decreasing number f Americans wh’ve never heard f pickleball, the little-knwn game is ne f America’s fastest-grwing sprts.
Invented in 1965 by three middle-aged fathers in Washingtn state, pickleball is an dd crss amng tennis, ping-png and badmintn, played with a paddle and a perfrated(穿孔的) plastic ball. The funders are said t have named the game after a family dg called Pickles.
Mst f pickleball’s cre players—thse wh play mre than eight times per year—are ver age 65, but the game is getting yunger, with the strngest grwth amng players under 55, accrding t USA Pickleball. But with s many new players, the US is struggling t keep up with the demand fr curts. The cuntry has nly abut 10,000 places t play, by USA Pickleball’s cunt, but that cntinues t grw by several dzen every mnth.
Pickleball is als fast becming a spectatr sprt(观赏性运动). Its first prfessinal turnament, the Prfessinal Pickleball Assciatin (PPA) Tur, was frmed in 2018 and the prfessinal players are being able t really becme celebrities in the sptlight. Traditinal bradcasters’ interest in the sprt is grwing. S far, pickleball fans can watch amateur and prfessinal matches n sprts r scial channels, mstly nline.
“The ability fr a sprt t find an audience quickly via scial media is unprecedented(前所未有的),” says Ben Shields, wh lectures at the MIT Slan Schl f Management and studies the sprts industry. Shields adds that pickleball still needs a famus star t draw in a wider audience, as has been the key t success fr ther sprts leagues—that als started with grassrts and unusual names. “I think if pickleball, in its wn humble way, can cntinue t grw its participatin and find ways t make the sprt an appealing fan prduct, wh knws, 10 r 20 years, it culd be a big cmpetitr in the glbal sprts industry.”
1. What d we knw abut the pickleball game frm the text?
A. It was named after a dg.
B. It was ppular amng yung kids.
C. It’s a crss between tennis and vlleyball.
D. It was invented by three rdinary wmen.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The playing time.B. The frm f matches.
C. The number f curts.D. The participatin rate.
3. Which best describes “a famus star” t pickleball accrding t Ben Shields?
A. Humble.B. Inflexible.C. Harmful.D. Influential.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Histry f Pickleball
B. The Grwing Ppularity f Pickleball
C. The Rise and Fall f Pickleball
D. The Rules f Playing Pickleball
Passage 44(2024广东佛山一模,D) 主题：认识自我
Suppse yu cme acrss tw dctrs. One is handsme while the ther lks plain. Wh wuld yu trust with yur surgery? Mst peple wuld prbably want t get treated by the handsme ne. And mst peple are likely t be wrng abut that.
When yu lk at the sun, yu smetimes see it clearly. But smetimes yu’ll see it shining way bigger than its actual shape. That circle f light called a hal makes it lk bigger. This effect, knwn as the hal effect, als happens when a persn, prduct, r cmpany shines like the sun. Then we dn’t see them clearly and assciate all srts f unrelated qualities with them.
The hal effect was nce studied by the psychlgist Edward Thrndike, wh asked flight cmmanders t evaluate their pilts in varius distinct aspects such as physical appearance, intelligence, and leadership. He fund that the pilts wh gt high scres fr their physical appearance, als gt rated high n intelligence and leadership skills—a link that seemed wrng. It appears that the cmmanders were unable t evaluate specific qualities independently f thers. They thught f their pilts in brad terms, either “gd” r “bad”, and allwed this general feeling t influence the specific qualities they credited t their pilts. Sme pilts prfited frm their hal.
The hal effect als explains why sme teachers give better-lking students higher grades. One study lked at the grades f 4,500 pupils, wh were srted by vlunteers int three grups: belw-average, average, and abve-average lking. The researchers then cmpared students’ grades between classes taken in cnventinal classrms and thse taken nline where there was n face-t-face interactin. The researchers fund that students wh were rated as gd-lking earned significantly lwer grades in nline curses cmpared t cnventinal classrms.
Since the physical appearance f gd-lking peple seems t naturally make them als appear intelligent, strng, and trustwrthy, here is ne gd rule. If yu meet with an accident and have t chse between tw equally qualified dctrs, ignre their hal and chse the less handsme ne. He might have wrked twice as hard t gain the same reputatin and is likely better at his jb.
1. What is the purpse f the secnd paragraph?
A. T explre a natural wnder.
B. T spread scientific knwledge.
C. T explain a psychlgical tendency.
D. T interpret scial rules at the wrkplace.
2. Hw did the cmmanders tend t evaluate their pilts in Thrndike’s study?
A. In a general way.B. With cmmn sense.
C. Frm a specific aspect.D. By an bjective criterin.
3. What des the 4,500-pupil study find abut better-lking students?
A. They were fairly treated by their teachers.
B. They were less attentive in nline curses.
C. They prbably had natural learning abilities.
D. They were vervalued in cnventinal classes.
4. What can be learned abut the hal effect?
A. It relieves appearance anxiety.
B. It leads t inaccurate judgments.
C. It causes trust crisis amng peple.
D. It intensifies wrkplace cmpetitin.
题组五
Passage 45(2024浙江台州二模,A) 主题：丰富自我
Students t Cmpete in 34th Natinal Science Bwl?
Thusands f students frm middle and high schls acrss the cuntry have cmmitted themselves t extra study hurs as they prepare t cmpete in the Department f Energy’s (DOE’s) 34th Natinal Science Bwl?(NSB). These students are hard at wrk nw t win their reginal cmpetitins, hping t advance t the final cmpetitin.
The first reginal event will take place n January 13th with high schls frm the area. Teams will face ff in a fast-paced, questin-and-answer frmat, and their knwledge in all areas f science and mathematics will be tested. Reginals will cntinue weekly until mid-March.
The winning team frm each qualifying reginal cmpetitin will be qualified t cmpete in the Natinal Finals t be held in Washingtn,D.C., frm April 25-29, with all expenses paid by DOE. The natinal event cnsists f several days f science activities and sightseeing, alng with the cmpetitins.
In the Natinal Finals, the tp tw teams will earn $5,000 fr their schls’ math and science departments. Schls ranking in the tp 16 will receive $1,000 fr their science departments. But t many, the ultimate prize is simply the hnr f winning the Natinal Champinship.
Tday, the NSB annually draws abut 10,000 middle and high schl cmpetitrs. Since the first cmpetitin in 1991, apprximately 344,000 students have faced ff in the NSB. The 2024 cmpetitrs will fllw in the ftsteps f previus NSB cntestants and will blaze a trail fr students in science, math, and engineering. Fr mre infrmatin, please visit the Office f Science website.
1. Which wrd can best describe the reginal cmpetitins?
A. Fair.B. Interesting.C. Special.D. Challenging.
2. What can we learn abut the Natinal Finals?
A. The champinship victry is highly valued.
B. The event nly invlves fierce cmpetitins.
C. Mst f the expenses will be cvered by DOE.
D. The prize mney will be awarded t individuals.
3. What is the text?
A. A news release.B. A survey reprt.
C. A learning prject.D. A scientific review.
Passage 46(2024江苏泰州一模,D) 主题：科技发展
A satellite is an bject in space that rbits arund anther. It has tw kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. The mn is a natural satellite that mves arund the earth while artificial satellites are thse made by man.
Despite their widespread impact n daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend n cmplicated makeup. On the utside, they may lk like a wheel, equipped with slar panels r sails. Inside, the satellites cntain missin-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tls the satellites need t perfrm their wrk. Amng them, high-reslutin cameras and cmmunicatin electrnics are typical nes. Besides, the part that carries the lad and hlds all the parts tgether is called the bus.
Artificial satellites perate in a systematic way just like humans. Cmputers functin as the satellite’s brain, which receive infrmatin, interpret it, and send messages back t the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensrs are ther imprtant parts that nt nly recgnize light, heat, and gases, but als recrd changes in what is being bserved. Radis n the satellite send infrmatin back t the earth. Slar panels prvide electric pwer fr the cmputers and ther equipment, as well as the pwer t mve the satellite frward.
Artificial satellites use gravity t stay in their rbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything tward the center f the planet. T stay in the earth’s rbit, the speed f a satellite must adjust t the tiniest changes in the pull f gravity. The satellite’s speed wrks against earth’s gravity just enugh s that it desn’t g speeding int space r falling back t the earth.
Rckets carry satellites t different types and heights f rbits, based n the tasks they need t perfrm. Satellites clser t the earth are in lw-earth rbit, which can be 120-1,200 miles high. The clser t the earth, the strnger the gravity is. Therefre, these satellites must travel at abut 17,000 miles per hur t keep frm falling back t the earth, while higher-rbiting satellites can travel mre slwly.
1. What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The appearance f artificial satellites.
B. The cmpnents f artificial satellites.
C. The basic functin f artificial satellites.
D. The specific missin f artificial satellites.
2. What is the rle f cmputers in artificial satellites?
A. Prviding electric pwer.
B. Recrding changes bserved.
C. Mnitring space envirnment.
D. Prcessing infrmatin received.
3. Hw d artificial satellites stay in their rbits?
A. By relying n pwerful rckets t get ut f gravity.
B. By rbiting at a fixed speed regardless f gravity’s pull.
C. By changing speed cnstantly based n the pull f gravity.
D. By resisting the pull f gravity with advanced technlgies.
4. Why d satellites in higher-earth rbit travel mre slwly?
A. They are mre affected by earth’s gravity.
B. They take advantage f rckets mre effectively.
C. They feel weaker pull f gravity in higher rbits.
D. They are equipped with mre advanced instruments.
Passage 47(2024江苏南京、盐城二模,D) 主题：完善自我
“Anxiety.” The very wrd invites discmfrt. Its effects—shrtness f breath, the punding heart, muscle tensin—are utright upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend t miss ut n many valuable pprtunities presented by this human emtin. In and f itself, anxiety is nt deadly, nr is it a disease. Quite the cntrary: it is an indicatr f brain and sensry health. Once we accept that it is a nrmal, thugh uncmfrtable, part f life, we can use it t help us.
We all knw wrking ut at the gym is hard. By its nature, a gd wrkut is uncmfrtable, since it invlves pushing ur physical strength past what we can easily d. The sweet spt f exercise is always a smewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if yu want t be emtinally strnger, yu need t face sme tensin. Fr example, ne effective treatment fr fear is expsure therapy(疗法), which invlves gradually encuntering things that make ne anxius, reducing fear ver time.
Humans are scial creatures. When my patients learn t pen up t their partners abut their anxieties, they almst always reprt a greater sense f emtinal clseness. Als, as internatinal relatinship expert Sue Jhnsn teaches, when we express ur need fr cnnectin during challenging mments (e.g. “I’m having a hard time right nw and culd really use yur supprt”), it creates greater cnnectin and turns ur anxiety int lve.
Frm time t time, we find urselves at the end f ur rpe. Our respnsibilities pile up, ur resurces break dwn, and we feel uncmfrtably anxius—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upn us utweigh ur available resurces, just like a set f scales(天平) ging ut f balance. Fcusing n wrk and pretending everything is OK nly leads t disastrus results. Medical treatment fr stress may functin fr a while, but it tends t make things wrse in the lng run. The nly slutin t stress is t d the mathematics t balance the scales.
1. What des the authr say abut anxiety?
A. It is an invitatin t diseases.
B. It indicates stable mental health.
C. It csts us many valuable chances.
D. It is a natural emtinal expressin.
2. Why des the authr mentin “a gd wrkut” in paragraph 2?
A. T prve hw exercise influences emtins.
B. T suggest an effective way t challenge limits.
C. T explain hw anxiety builds emtinal strength.
D. T shw a psitive cnnectin between mind and bdy.
3. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The key t clseness is partners’ supprt.
B. Sharing anxieties imprves relatinships.
C. Humans are defined by their scial nature.
D. Expressing feelings keeps us ff anxieties.
4. Accrding t the last paragraph, hw can we deal with stress?
A. Devte mre energy t ur wrk.
B. Increase resurces available t us.
C. Seek prfessinal medical treatment.
D. Master advanced mathematical skills.
Passage 48(2024江苏苏锡常镇四市一模,D) 主题：动物保护
New research shws that remving black rhins’ hrns(犀牛角) t make them less attractive t illegal hunters is reducing their territry(领地) sizes and making them less sciable with each ther.
The study, published in the jurnal PNAS, fund that de-hrned Suth African rhins have hme ranges that are 45 percent smaller than thse f cmplete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely t engage in scial interactins.
“The big, dminant bulls that used t have very large territries that verlapped with a lt f females may nw have much less territry and much less reprductive(繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé, wh led the wrk at Switzerland’s University f Neuchâtel.
“It’s really hard t predict the effects f this,” she says. “It desn’t mean that ppulatin success will necessarily decline, because it might pen up gaps fr yunger males that wuld nt have had the space r the means befre.” Indeed, a University f Bristl study published last year shwed that de-hrning des nt negatively affect ppulatins verall.
But such unintended behaviral cnsequences necessarily feed int judgments abut whether this highly invasive prcedure is wrthwhile. Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way. “N ne’s put all the data tgether t say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.
“What is clear is that the intrductin f de-hrning and a decline in illegal hunting has ccurred at the same time,” she adds. “But de-hrning has been accmpanied by ther cnservatin measures that may be mre effective.”
“It’s incredibly cmplicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member f the Bristl team. “There are s many ther factrs invlved. Yu have t cnsider what ther security measures are being carried ut—fencing, patrls, staff numbers—and pverty levels surrunding parks, their nearness t natinal brders and whether there is cmmunity engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a prject that aims t separate these and ther factrs. In the meantime, Duthé believes that de-hrning is a wrthwhile tl f last curse f actin. “A rhin that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhin.”
1. What is the purpse f remving the hrns f black rhins?
A. T make them less sciable.
B. T prtect them frm being hunted.
C. T reduce their hme ranges.
D. T affect their reprductive success.
2. What des the underlined phrase “invasive prcedure” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The remval f rhin hrns.
B. The lss f rhin territries.
C. The impact n rhin ppulatin.
D. The change f rhin behavir.
3. What is Chimes’ attitude tward the de-hrning f black rhins?
A. Supprtive.B. Oppsed.
C. Uncncerned.D. Uncertain.
4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. De-hrning rhins shws satisfying effects.
B. Varius factrs lead t the decline in illegal hunting.
C. De-hrning is the last actin researchers will take.
D. Rhins are suppsed t behave a little bit strangely.
专题一 阅读理解
五年高考
新高考专练

题组一 2024新课标Ⅰ
Passage 1(2024新课标Ⅰ,A) 主题：环境保护
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restre and prtect Marin’s natural areas frm the Marin Headlands t Blinas Ridge. We’ll explre beautiful park sites while cnducting invasive(侵入的) plant remval, winter planting, and seed cllectin. Habitat Restratin Team vlunteers play a vital rle in restring sensitive resurces and prtecting endangered species acrss the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Grups f five r mre require special arrangements and must be cnfirmed in advance. Please review the List f Available Prjects and fill ut the Grup Prject Request Frm.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. Read ur Yuth Plicy Guidelines fr yuth under the age f 15.
Bring yur cmpleted Vlunteer Agreement Frm. Vlunteers under the age f 18 must have the parent/guardian apprval sectin signed.
We’ll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary.
Bring a persnal water bttle, sunscreen, and lunch.
N experience necessary. Training and tls will be prvided. Fulfills(满足) cmmunity service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS

1. What is the aim f the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. T discver mineral resurces.
B. T develp new wildlife parks.
C. T prtect the lcal ecsystem.
D. T cnduct bilgical research.
2. What is the lwer age limit fr jining the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. 5.B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. What are the vlunteers expected t d?
A. Bring their wn tls.B. Wrk even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team unifrm.D. D at least three prjects.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. B
Passage 2(2024新课标Ⅰ,B) 主题：跨文化合作
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture(针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians(兽医) nw practicing “hlistic”medicine—cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
1. What d sme f Farber’s cwrkers think f him?
A. He’s dd. B. He’s strict.
C. He’s brave.D. He’s rude.
2. Why did Farber decide t try acupuncture n pets?
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by anther veterinarian.
C. He benefited frm it as a patient.
D. He wanted t save mney fr pet wners.
3. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C. Examples f rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
4. Why des the authr mentin the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin?
A. T prve Farber’s pint.
B. T emphasize its imprtance.
C. T praise veterinarians.
D. T advcate animal prtectin.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
Passage 3(2024新课标Ⅰ,C) 主题：善于学习
Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n.” The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—t nes that require mental abstractin—such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis(假说).” Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi(音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies—say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.

1. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
2. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.
D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
3. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students’ attentin.
B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.
D. They are mre infrmative than text.
4. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C
Passage 4(2024新课标Ⅰ,D) 主题：自然科学研究成果
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places—and even species—that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”

1. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.
B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
2. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
3. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.
D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
4. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.
B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.
D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D
题组二 2024新课标Ⅱ
Passage 5(2024新课标Ⅱ,A) 主题：体育活动
Chice f Walks fr Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlw Autumn Walking Festival is a great pprtunity fr the beginner, experienced r advanced walker t enjy the challenges f Carlw’s muntain hikes r the peace f its wdland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural Wrld
With envirnmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk prmises t be an infrmative tur. Walkers are sure t learn lts abut the habitats and natural wrld f the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st Octber, at 09:00
Start Pint: Scrates Bridge
Walk Duratin: 6 hurs
Walk 2—Intrductin t Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passin fr making the great utdrs accessible t all. This muntain walk prvides an insight int the skills required fr hillwalking t ensure yu get the mst frm future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd Octber, at 09:00
Start Pint: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duratin: 5 hurs
Walk 3—Mnlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way t step ut f yur cmfrt zne. Breathtaking views f the lwlands f Carlw can be enjyed in the presence f welcming guides frm lcal walking clubs. A trch(手电筒) alng with suitable clthing is essential fr walking in the dark. Thse wh are dressed inapprpriately will be refused permissin t participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st Octber, at 18:30
Start Pint: The Twn Hall
Walk Duratin: 3 hurs
Walk 4—Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest
This infrmative walk led by Richard Smyth intrduces yu t the basic principles f phtgraphy in the wild. Bring alng yur camera and enjy the wnderful views alng this well-surfaced frest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd Octber, at 11:45
Start Pint: Kilbrannish Frest Recreatin Area
Walk Duratin: 1.5 hurs

1. Which walk takes the shrtest time?
A. The Natural Wrld.
B. Intrductin t Hillwalking.
C. Mnlight Under the Stars.
D. Phtgraphic Walk in Kilbrannish Frest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required t d?
A. Wear prper clthes.
B. Jin a walking club.
C. Get special permits.
D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What d the fur walks have in cmmn?
A. They invlve difficult climbing.
B. They are fr experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start pint.
D. They are scheduled fr the weekend.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. D
Passage 6(2024新课标Ⅱ,B) 主题：社会服务
D yu ever get t the train statin and realize yu frgt t bring smething t read? Yes, we all have ur phnes, but many f us still like t g ld schl and read smething printed.
Well, there’s a kisk(小亭) fr that. In the San Francisc Bay Area, at least.
“Yu enter the fare gates(检票口) and yu’ll see a kisk that is lit up and it tells yu can get a ne-minute, a three-minute, r a five-minute stry,” says Alicia Trst, the chief cmmunicatins fficer fr the San Francisc Bay Area Rapid Transit—knwn as BART. “Yu chse which length yu want and it gives yu a receipt-like shrt stry.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 shrt stries and pems since the prgram was launched last March. Sme are classic shrt stries, and sme are new riginal wrks.
Trst als wants t intrduce lcal writers t lcal riders. “We wanted t d smething where we d a call t artists in the Bay Area t submit stries fr a cntest,” Trst says. “And as f right nw, we’ve received abut 120 submissins. The winning stries wuld g int ur kisk and then yu wuld be a published artist.”
Ridership n transit(交通) systems acrss the cuntry has been dwn the past half century, s culd shrt stries save transit?
Trst thinks s.
“At the end f the day all transit agencies right nw are ding everything they can t imprve the rider experience. S I abslutely think we will get mre riders just because f shrt stries,” she says.
And yu’ll never be withut smething t read.

1. Why did BART start the kisk prgram?
A. T prmte the lcal culture.
B. T discurage phne use.
C. T meet passengers’ needs.
D. T reduce its running csts.
2. Hw are the stries categrized in the kisk?
A. By ppularity.B. By length.
C. By theme.D. By language.
3. What has Trst been ding recently?
A. Organizing a stry cntest.
B. Ding a survey f custmers.
C. Chsing a print publisher.
D. Cnducting interviews with artists.
4. What is Trst’s pinin abut BART’s future?
A. It will clse dwn.
B. Its prfits will decline.
C. It will expand natinwide.
D. Its ridership will increase.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
Passage 7(2024新课标Ⅱ,C) 主题：技术创新
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd(容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins(排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
1. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.
B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.
D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
2. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.
B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.
D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
3. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
4. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.
B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.
D. BMF’s technical standards.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
Passage 8(2024新课标Ⅱ,D) 主题：社会热点问题
Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin(变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw—several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI—the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders—s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with AI t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.

1. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.
B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.
D. If translated by smene unacademic.
2. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.
B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.
D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
3. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
4. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.
B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.
D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A
题组三 2023新课标Ⅰ
Passage 9(2023新课标Ⅰ,A) 主题：社会服务
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
1. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.
B. It ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.
D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22.75.D. 29.50.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D
Passage 10(2023新课标Ⅰ,B) 主题：环境保护
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.
B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He lnged t be a dctr.
2. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
3. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.
B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.
D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
4. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.
D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
Passage 11(2023新课标Ⅰ,C) 主题：健康生活
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
1. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.
D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
2. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.
C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
3. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
4. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A
Passage 12(2023新课标Ⅰ,D) 主题：社会交往
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If, fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.
Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
1. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.
B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.
D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
2. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if .
A. the crwds were relatively small
B. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicate
D. estimates were nt fully independent
3. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
4. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D
题组四 2023新课标Ⅱ
Passage 13(2023新课标Ⅱ,A) 主题：环境保护
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills—jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10—Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?
A. Phtgraphy Wrkshps.
B. Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
2. What is the shrt talk at Artist Pint abut?
A. Wrks f famus artists.B. Prtectin f wild animals.
C. Basic phtgraphy skills.D. Histry f the canyn area.
3. Where will the participants meet fr the July 10 phtgraphy wrkshp?
A. Artist Pint.B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyn Village Stre.D. Visitr Educatin Center.
答案
1. D 2. D 3. B
Passage 14(2023新课标Ⅱ,B) 主题：健康生活
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,”Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
1. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.
B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.
D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
2. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.
D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl Gardens
B. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable Lvers
D. Changing Lcal Landscape
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
Passage 15(2023新课标Ⅱ,C) 主题：艺术
Reading Art:Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect(才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway,artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
1. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.
B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.
D. A review f mdern paintings.
2. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.
B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.
D. Wrk and leisure.
3. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
4. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A
Passage 16(2023新课标Ⅱ,D) 主题：人与环境
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding(编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
1. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
2. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.
D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
3. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
4. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.
D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B
题组五 2022新高考Ⅰ
Passage 17(2022新高考Ⅰ,A) 主题：学校生活
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A;80-89, B;70-79, C;60-69, D;Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class’ lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.
C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
2. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A
Passage 18(2022新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：环境保护
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much;I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
1. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.
B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.
D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
2. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
3. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.
D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
4. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.
B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A
Passage 19(2022新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：社会服务
The elderly residents in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl.
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said:“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
1. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
2. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
3. What d the underlined wrds“embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
4. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.
B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.
D. It takes ages t see the results.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
Passage 20(2022新高考Ⅰ,D) 主题：人类文明
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip(嘴唇)t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure, making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved(进化) arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
1. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Dami?n Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.
C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
2. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
4. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.
B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
题组六 2022新高考Ⅱ
Passage 21(2022新高考Ⅱ,A) 主题：社会服务
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices(发票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne(监护人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
Hurs
The Museum is pen daily frm 9:30 am t 4:30 pm.
Grup Play may be scheduled during any day r time the Museum is pen.
Registratin Plicy
Registratin must be made at least tw weeks in advance.
Register nline r fill ut a Grup Play Registratin Frm with multiple date and start time ptins.
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chapernes shuld mdel gd behavir fr the grup and remain with students at all times.
●Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum.
●Children shuld play nicely with each ther and exhibits.
●Use yur indr vice when at the Museum.
1. What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?
A. Prepay the admissin fees.
B. Use the Museum’s transprtatin.
C. Take a survey after the visit.
D. Schedule their visit n weekdays.
2. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One.B. Tw.C. Three.D. Fur.
3. What are children prhibited frm ding at the Museum?
A. Using the cmputer.B. Talking with each ther.
C. Tuching the exhibits.D. Explring the place alne.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. D
Passage 22(2022新高考Ⅱ,B) 主题：科技发展
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes(戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star—tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
1. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me.
B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me.
D. Wrked quite well n me.
2. Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A. He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.
B. He disliked the clrful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa.
D. He wanted t read it by himself.
3. What des the authr think f himself?
A. Scially ambitius.B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent.D. Digitally cmpetent.
4. What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A. He lacks experience in his jb.
B. He seldm appears n televisin.
C. He manages a vide department.
D. He ften interviews internet stars.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 23(2022新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：社会热点问题
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted(分心) driving was “nly increasing, unfrtunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need smething n the bks that can change peple’s behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state’s 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, “peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”
1. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers’ texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
2. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.
B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
3. What des the underlined wrd “smething” in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne:The Textalyzer
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B
Passage 24(2022新高考Ⅱ,D) 主题：健康生活
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30- r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump(泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
1. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising.
B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit.
D. The aging prcess f the heart.
2. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
3. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
4. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
题组七 2021新高考Ⅰ
Passage 25(2021新高考Ⅰ,A) 主题：社会服务
Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社). The hstels in Rme ffer a bed in a drm rm fr arund $25 a night, and fr that, yu’ll ften get t stay in a central lcatin(位置) with security and cmfrt.
Yellw Hstel
If I had t make just ne recmmendatin fr where t stay in Rme, it wuld be Yellw Hstel. It’s ne f the best-rated hstels in the city, and fr gd reasn. It’s affrdable, and it’s gt a fun atmsphere withut being t nisy. As an added bnus, it’s clse t the main train statin.
Hstel Alessandr Palace
If yu lve scial hstels, this is the best hstel fr yu in Rme. Hstel Alessandr Palace is fun. Staff members hld plenty f bar events fr guests like free shts, bar crawls and karake. There’s als an area n the rftp fr hanging ut with ther travelers during the summer.
Yuth Statin Hstel
If yu’re lking fr cleanliness and a mdern hstel, lk n further than Yuth Statin. It ffers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty f ther benefits, t; it desn’t charge city tax; it has bth air cnditining and a heater fr the rms; it als has free Wi-Fi in every rm.
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes is lcated just a 10-minute walk frm the central city statin and it’s clse t all f the city’s main attractins. The staff is friendly and helpful, prviding yu with a map f the city when yu arrive, and ffering advice if yu require sme. Hwever, yu need t pay 2 eurs a day fr Wi-Fi.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f travelers wh chse t stay in a hstel?
A. Cmfrt.B. Security.C. Price.D. Lcatin.
2. Which htel best suits peple wh enjy an active scial life?
A. Yellw Hstel.
B. Hstel Alessandr Palace.
C. Yuth Statin Hstel.
D. Htel and Hstel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage f Htel and Hstel Des Artistes?
A. It gets nisy at night.B. Its staff is t talkative.
C. It charges fr Wi-Fi.D. It’s incnveniently lcated.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C
Passage 26(2021新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：丰富自我
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt,”Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said. “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say:‘Turn, turn!’”“Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
1. What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A. Read music.B. Play the pian.
C. Sing sngs. D. Fix the instruments.
2. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A. Bring. B. Well-paid.C. Demanding. D. Dangerus.
3. What des Tittertn need t practise?
A. Cunting the pages.
B. Recgnizing the “ndding”.
C. Catching falling bjects.
D. Perfrming in his wn style.
4. Why is Ms Rasppva’s husband “the wrst page turner”?
A. He has very pr eyesight.
B. He ignres the audience.
C. He has n interest in music.
D. He frgets t d his jb.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D
Passage 27(2021新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：环境保护
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl(水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry(迁徙的)waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
1. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.
B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.
D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
2. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
Passage 28(2021新高考Ⅰ,D) 主题：完善自我
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal(情感的)intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims.Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers,educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives(视角)frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
1. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
2. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
3. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
4. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B
题组八 2021新高考Ⅱ
Passage 29(2021新高考Ⅱ,A) 主题：完善自我
Things t D in Yrkshire This Summer
Harrgate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrgate Music Festival has gne frm strength t strength. This year, we are celebrating ur 50th anniversary. We begin n 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicla Benedetti, presenting an amazing prgramme f Mzart pieces.
Dates:1 June-31 July Tickets:￡12-￡96
Jdie’s Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer mnths rll in, ur Gergian cuntry estate makes the perfect setting fr an utdr fitness sessin. Cme and wrk ut with ur qualified persnal trainer, Jdie McGregr, n the grunds f the Middletn Ldge estate.
We will be hlding a free taster sessin n 23rd May, at 10 am, t demnstrate the variety f effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available fr the taster sessin. Advance bkings are required (inf@).
Dates: 23 May-11 July Tickets:￡7.50 per sessin
Felt Picture Making
Wrking frm an inspiratinal picture, this wrkshp at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach yu the techniques yu will need t recreate yur picture in wl.
We will als discuss the rigins f felt (毛毡), what enables wl fibres t becme felt and hw the prcesses we use wrk.
Dates: 12 June-12 July Tickets:￡40 including materials
Figure It Out!—Playing with Math
A new exhibitin in Halifax uses everyday activities t explain the hidden math principles we all use n a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice cntainer hlds the mst liquid, and much mre. Discver hw architects, prduct designers and scientists use similar skills in their wrk.
Dates:7 May-10 June Tickets:Free
1. What shuld yu d if yu want t attend the taster sessin f Jdie’s fitness classes?
A. Jin a fitness club.
B. Pay a registratin fee.
C. Make a bking.
D. Hire a persnal trainer.
2. Hw much is the ticket fr Felt Picture Making?
A. ￡7.50.B. ￡12.C. ￡40.D. ￡96.
3. Which f the fllwing starts earliest?
A. Harrgate Music Festival.
B. Jdie’s Fitness Summer Classes.
C. Felt Picture Making.
D. Figure It Out!—Playing with Math.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. D
Passage 30(2021新高考Ⅱ,B) 主题：人与动物
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽) that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn’t make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I’ve gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving—but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn’t wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they’d get up t mischief. We’d cme dwn in the mrning t find they’d turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m nt sad abut it. I’m hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
1. Why did the authr bring the tiger cubs hme?
A. T ensure their survival.
B. T bserve their differences.
C. T teach them life skills.
D. T let them play with his kids.
2. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.
C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
3. What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A. Bring.B. Tiring.C. Cstly.D. Risky.
4. Why did the authr decide t send Spt and Stripe back t the z?
A. They frightened the children.
B. They became difficult t cntain.
C. They annyed the neighburs.
D. They started fighting each ther.
答案
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B
Passage 31(2021新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：社会热点问题
A British wman wh wn a $1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld’s Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin(变革). “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt—whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star—int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I’ve seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists, mre than ever in ur schls.”
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria’s brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls.” It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries.”
1. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie.B. Build new schls.
C. Run a prject.D. Help lcal musicians.
2. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.
B. It increases artists’ incme.
C. It pens children’s mind.
D. It deserves greater attentin.
3. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles.B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities.D. Psitive wrldviews.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t Schls
B. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in Britain
D. The Wrld’s Best Arts Teacher
答案
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
Passage 32(2021新高考Ⅱ,D) 主题：科技发展
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that’s relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags(标签)n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture(质地)f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as crn and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it’s increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn’t believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry—and failed attempts t use technlgy—have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen’s Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1. What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Sil pllutin.B. Lack f wrkers.
C. Aging machines.D. Lw prfitability.
2. What will Sukkarieh’s rbt be able t d?
A. Mnitr the quality f grass.
B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Mve cattle t anther field.
D. Predict weather changes.
3. Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A. He wants t help them earn a living.
B. He thinks men can d the jb better.
C. He is inexperienced in using rbts.
D. He enjys the traditinal way f life.
4. Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value f cattle.
B. Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C. Make the jb mre appealing.
D. Keep cattle frm being stlen.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
题组九 2020新高考Ⅰ
Passage 33(2020新高考Ⅰ,A) 主题：文学
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner’s chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
6 First Prizes:The bk Sky Pineer:A Phtbigraphy f Amelia Earhart signed by authr Crinne Szab and pilt Linda Finch.
50 Hnrable Mentins:Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
Rules
Fllw all rules carefully t prevent disqualificatin.
■Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer. Yur pem can be any frmat, any number f lines.
■Write by hand r type n a single sheet f paper. Yu may use bth the frnt and back f the paper.
■On the same sheet f paper, write r type yur name, address, telephne number, and birth date.
■Mail yur entry t us by Octber 31 this year.
1. Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Six.
2. What will each f the hnrable mentin winners get?
A. A plane ticket.
B. A bk by Crinne Szab.
C. A special T-shirt.
D. A pht f Amelia Earhart.
3. Which f the fllwing will result in disqualificatin?
A. Typing yur pem ut.
B. Writing a pem f 120 wrds.
C. Using bth sides f the paper.
D. Mailing yur entry n Octber 30.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B
Passage 34(2020新高考Ⅰ,B) 主题：终身学习
Jennifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr’s degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin (学费), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves:nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph’s Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jennifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t earn her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family—and that’s pretty pwerful.
1. What did Jennifer d after high schl?
A. She helped her dad with his wrk.
B. She ran the family farm n her wn.
C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.
D. She taught her sisters and brthers at hme.
2. Why did Jennifer chse the prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph’s Hspital in Marshfield?
A. T take care f her kids easily.
B. T learn frm the best nurses.
C. T save mney fr her parents.
D. T find a well-paid jb there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal?
A. Her health.B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputatin.D. Her chance f prmtin.
4. What can we learn frm Jennifer’s stry?
A. Time is mney.
B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff.
D. Educatin is the key t success.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. B
4. C
Passage 35(2020新高考Ⅰ,C) 主题：跨文化包容
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea:Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way:Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
1. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends’ invitatin.
B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.
D. His desire t regain health.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell’s rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerus.
4. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.
B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.
D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A
Passage 36(2020新高考Ⅰ,D) 主题：健康生活
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly (表面上) participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test:the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we’re making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. Hwever, we’ll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?
1. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
2. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
3. Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
4. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
答案
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C
题组十 2020新高考Ⅱ
Passage 37(2020新高考Ⅱ,A) 主题：丰富自我
Pali Overnight Adventures ffers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.
Bradcasting Camp
Becme the next star reprter, news writer, directr r prducer. While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp. Every night it ges n the web, keeping parents and the wrld infrmed f the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the mvie Missin Impssible, Tm Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the clest jb ever. Campers wh sign up fr the 2-week secret agent camp can get t knw abut the life f real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills n the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If yur child enjys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license t an entirely new level. Campers will share their clrful ideas and imaginatin with each ther and wrk tgether t visualize, sketch and paint with nn-traditinal techniques t create the clest mural(壁画) which will be displayed in public fr all t see.
1. Hw many camps des Pali Overnight Adventures ffer this summer?
A. 2.B. 4.C. 17.D. 21.
2. What will campers d at the Bradcasting Camp?
A. Create a website.B. Run a news statin.
C. Meet a star reprter.D. Hld a dinner party.
3. Which camp will attract children wh are interested in cking?
A. Bradcasting Camp.B. Secret Agent Camp.
C. Culinary Camp.D. Street Art Camp.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C
Passage 38(2020新高考Ⅱ,B) 主题：社会交往
The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f “frbidden fruit” that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl(手枪).
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
“Please bring that pistl t me,” I said.“I’m ging t put it in my Grandma’s Bx.”
“What’s that?” they asked.
“It’s a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren,” I replied.
“Yu dn’t have grandchildren,” smene said.
“I dn’t nw,” I replied. “But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them.”
My imaginary Grandma’s Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year’s class. Then smene said, “Nw yu can use yur Grandma’s Bx.” Frm then n, instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, “That’s kay. Put it in yur Grandma’s Bx fr Grdn.”
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma’s Bx a reality.
1. What was the authr’s purpse in having the cnversatin with the students?
A. T cllect the water pistl.
B. T talk abut her grandchildren.
C. T recmmend sme tys.
D. T explain her teaching methd.
2. What d the underlined wrds “the ffender” in paragraph 8 refer t?
A. The student’s parent.
B. The maker f the Grandma’s Bx.
C. The authr’s grandchild.
D. The wner f the frbidden fruit.
3. What did the students d after they learned abut the birth f Grdn?
A. They went t play with the baby.
B. They asked t see the Grandma’s Bx.
C. They made a present fr Grdn.
D. They stpped asking their tys back.
4. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She enjys telling jkes.
B. She is a strict and smart teacher.
C. She lves ding wdwrk.
D. She is a respnsible grandmther.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B
Passage 39(2020新高考Ⅱ,C) 主题：社会进步
In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible:the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway(晃动). The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design:Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean(赞歌) t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
1. What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A. It carried mre weight than it culd.
B. It swayed vilently in a strng wind.
C. Its radway was damaged by vehicles.
D. Its access was blcked by many peple.
2. Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski’s idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A. N design is well received everywhere.
B. Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C. Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D. Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
3. What des the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead t prgress.
B. Success results in vercnfidence.
C. Failure shuld be avided.
D. Success cmes frm jint effrts.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.
B. A shrt stry.
C. A bk review.
D. A research article.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C
Passage 40(2020新高考Ⅱ,D) 主题：环境保护
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet—string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld’s xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy(树冠层) f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants’ way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
They are nt called rainfrests fr nthing! Rainfrests can generate 75% f their wn rain. At least 80 inches f rain a year is nrmal—and in sme areas there may be as much as 430 inches f rain annually. This is real rain—yur umbrella may prtect yu in a shwer, but it wn’t keep yu dry if there is a full rainstrm. In just tw hurs, streams can rise ten t twenty feet. The humidity(湿气) f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.
1. What can we learn abut rainfrests frm the first paragraph?
A. They prduce xygen.B. They cver a vast area.
C. They are well managed.D. They are rich in wildlife.
2. Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f rainfrests?
A. Heavy rains.B. Big trees.
C. Small plants.D. Frest animals.
3. Why d the leaves and branches f different trees avid tuching each ther?
A. Fr mre sunlight.B. Fr mre grwing space.
C. Fr self-prtectin.D. Fr the detectin f insects.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Life-Giving RainfrestsB. The Law f the Jungle
C. Animals in the AmaznD. Weather in Rainfrests
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
其他卷加练

题组一 细节理解
Passage 41(2024全国甲,A) 主题：学校生活
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebratin f the Harvard cmmunity’s artistic creativity. We invite yu t jin us fr the cming ARTS FIRST. We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making activities. The festival is a public event fr Harvard and cmmunity members f all ages.
Light Awash in Waterclr
Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs,1880-1990:Int the Light.
Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity
Frm webs t ccns, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create sme f nature’s mst delicate and beautiful designs. Jin Javier Marin frm the Harvard Museum f Natural Histry t learn hw insects and ther invertebrates dance, inspire fashin and create art, while making yur wn spineless artists ut f craft (手工艺) materials.
Wheel Thrwing
Jin instructrs frm the Ceramics Prgram and great ptters frm Quincy, Cabt and Mather Huses fr demnstratins using the ptter’s wheel. Then create yur wn masterpiece!
Knitting and Pm-Pm Making
Jin the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle t make pm-pms and tassels ut f thread, r pick up a pair f needles and learn t knit(编织).
1. What d we knw abut ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibitin f il paintings.
B. It ffers art curses fr all ages.
C. It presents recreatinal activities.
D. It is a majr turist attractin.
2. Which prgram will yu jin if yu’re interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Waterclr.
B. Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Thrwing.
D. Knitting and Pm-Pm Making.
3. What can yu d tgether with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditinal dance.
B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a lcal museum.
D. Feed invertebrates.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. B
Passage 42(2024浙江一考,A) 主题：艺术
Tm Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, ft-stmping musical versin f a Mark Twain favrite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the gd stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr. That’s the lcal stage writing team that creates many f the Children’s Theatre f Cincinnati’s riginal musicals, alng with the hliday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner f Burlingtn is Tm Sawyer, and Rbbie McMath f Frt Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Turner, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star actr f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime.”
McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sawyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Gvernr’s Schl fr the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.
1. Wh wrte the music fr “Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A. David Kisr.B. Je McDnugh.
C. Nathan Turner.D. Rbbie McMath.
2. What can we learn abut the tw actrs?
A. They study in the same schl.
B. They wrked tgether in “Ragtime”.
C. They are experienced n stage.
D. They became friends ten years ag.
3. What des Children’s Theatre prvide fr teachers?
A. Research funding.B. Training pprtunities.
C. Technical supprt.D. Educatinal resurces.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D
Passage 43(2023全国乙,A) 主题：著名人物
PRACTITIONERS
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in cmmn?
A. Ding teaching jbs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Perfrming surgery.
D. Being banned frm medicine.
2. Hw was Tan Yunxian different frm the ther practitiners?
A. She wrte a bk.B. She went thrugh trials.
C. She wrked as a dentist.D. She had frmal educatin.
3. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D
Passage 44(2023浙江一考,A) 主题：个人成长
Explrers Camp
•Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4 pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9 am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1 pm t 4 pm).Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Cntent
Explrers Camp rganizes engaging arts, histry and science-related activities in every class, and fcuses n a range f tpics that emphasize active learning, explratin and,mst f all, fun! All camp sessins are created with age-apprpriate activities that are tailred t the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjy a staff-t-child rati ranging frm 1∶4 t 1∶7 depending n the age grup. Instructrs are passinate educatrs wh are experts in their fields and have undergne training and a backgrund check.
1. On which f the fllwing dates can yu cancel yur registratin with a full refund?
A. June 12.B. June 22.C. July 19.D. July 26.
2. Hw are campers divided int different grups?
A. By gender.B. By natinality.
C. By interest.D. By age.
3. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. C
Passage 45(2022全国乙,A) 主题：艺术
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admissin t the exhibitin:17.15. There is n re-admissin.
Clsed:24-26 December and 1 January
Admissin
￡4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
1. What is the right time fr attending Raeburn’s English Cntempraries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs. 30 Oct.
C. Thurs. 6 Nv.D. Thurs. 13 Nv.
2. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. ￡4.B. ￡8.C. ￡12.D. ￡16.
3. Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?
A. They shuld g n Sunday mrnings.
B. They shuld cme frm art schls.
C. They must be led by teachers.
D. They must have ID cards with them.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. C
Passage 46(2021全国乙,A) 主题：建筑
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme’s Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins—nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan’s desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat—tend t keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
·Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, Krea. Capacity:150,000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity:107,601. Opened:Octber 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity:106,572. Opened:September 17, 1960.
·Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity:104,944. Opened:Octber 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U.S. Capacity:102,512. Opened:September 24,1927.
1. Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A. 104,944.B. 107,601.
C. Abut 150,000.D. Abut 250,000.
2. Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohi Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
3. What d the listed stadiums have in cmmn?
A. They hst big games.
B. They have becme turist attractins.
C. They were built by Americans.
D. They are favred by architects.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A
Passage 47(2021全国甲,A) 主题：艺术
Take a view, the Landscape(风景)Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday’s mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd.
1. Wh wuld mst prbably enter fr Take a view?
A. Writers.B. Phtgraphers.
C. Painters.D. Turists.
2. What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They shw muntainus scenes.
D. They fcus n snw-cvered frests.
3. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.
C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C
题组二 推理判断
Passage 48(2024全国甲,C) 主题：社会服务
The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村的) ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域) f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want.”

1. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.
B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.
D. It travels alng a river.
2. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.
B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.
D. It needs medical aid.
3. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
4. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. Dubtful.
C. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A
Passage 49(2024全国甲,D) 主题：文学与艺术
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an ah-ha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery(悬疑). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue(期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—but it might prvide what yu need t get there.

1. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
2. What did the authr realize after seeing Prf. Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by characters.
C. Each type f literature has its unique ending.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
3. What is expected f a gd ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.
D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
4. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.
B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.
D. T recmmend their new bks.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B
Passage 50(2024浙江一考,C) 主题：发展与环境
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm(雹暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2 millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta—dwnwind f the hail prject flights—wrry that precius misture(水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years. “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be causing drught,” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades(龙卷风) frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
1. What des the prject aim t d?
A. Cnserve misture in the sil.
B. Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.
C. Frecast disastrus hailstrms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
2. Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers f insurance cmpanies.
C. Prvincial gvernment fficials.
D. Residents f Calgary and Edmntn.
3. Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A. T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.
B. T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C. T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
D. T shw the link between strms and misture.
4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.
D. Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
Passage 51(2023全国乙,B) 主题：个人经历
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz(石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute(路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1. Hw des the authr deal with the challenge as a landscape phtgrapher in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with ther phtgraphers.
B. By shting in the cuntryside r state parks.
C. By studying the gegraphical cnditins.
D. By creating settings in the crn fields.
2. What is the key t successful landscape phtgraphy accrding t the authr?
A. Prper time management.
B. Gd shting techniques.
C. Adventurus spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
3. What can we infer frm the authr’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B. They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C. They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D. They had prblems with their equipment.
4. Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.
C. Encuraging.D. Cmfrting.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
Passage 52(2023全国乙,C) 主题：饮食文化
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
1. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.
B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.
D. It deserves a high reputatin.
2. Which best describes ckery prgrammes n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.
C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
3. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
4. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B
Passage 53(2023全国甲,C) 主题：哲学
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu—and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express:In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
1. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
2. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
3. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
4. What des the authr think f Weiner’s bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D
Passage 54(2022全国乙,B) 主题：文学
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N.Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted:The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism(坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp:“When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.
B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.
D. T d sightseeing.
2. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.
B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.
D. They suffered severe hardships.
3. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.
B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.
D. The natural beauty f the West.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.
C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B
Passage 55(2021全国乙,C) 主题：环境保护
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,”a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne,the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018,Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:Every 60 secnds,a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒)frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
1. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
2. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
3. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming.B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
答案
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
Passage 56(2021全国乙,D) 主题：生活与学习
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin(干扰) in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus.” His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut(布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.
B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibels.
C. 70 decibels.D. 85 decibels.
3. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.
B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.
D. Cnstant interruptins.
4. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D
Passage 57(2021全国甲,D) 主题：认识自我
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let’s state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief:Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer:abslutely nt.
Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
1. What des the authr think f victrs’ standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They’re unfair.B. They’re cnservative.
C. They’re bjective.D. They’re strict.
2. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
3. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs’ cncepts.
D. Changes in peple’s scial psitins.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
答案
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B
Passage 58(2020全国Ⅰ,C) 主题：体育与健康
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
3. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
4. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
Passage 59(2020全国Ⅲ,D) 主题：人与环境
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats;in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts(支柱)in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Rdney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish.“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them.“It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,”said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
1. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.
B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.
D. Significance f fd selectin.
2. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.
C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
3. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.
D. They lived n bth land and water.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at Sea
B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic Research
D. The Wrld’s Best Divers
答案
1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A
题组三 主旨要义
Passage 60(2024浙江一考,D) 主题：完善自我
The Stanfrd marshmallw(棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnectin between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’re nt tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets—all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value—a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded(轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
1. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.
B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.
D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
2. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between .
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
3. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.
B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.
D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read Mre
B. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
答案
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D
Passage 61(2023浙江一考,D) 主题：人与环境
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装) has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick,the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment (InSPIRE) prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment,which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs (传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
2. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
3. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs.
B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy.
D. T ensure the supply f energy.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t Stay
B. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture
D. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
Passage 62(2022全国甲,B) 主题：人与动物
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues(线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
1. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.
B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.
D. By remving the lid.
2. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.
B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.
D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
3. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.
B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats:Quick Errr Checkers
B. Cckats:Independent Learners
C. Cckats:Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cckats:Skilful Shape-Srters
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D
Passage 63(2022全国甲,D) 主题：社会发展
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there—brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds(口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving(解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.
B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.
D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
2. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.
B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.
D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
3. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.
B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.
D. It is becming mre internatinal.
4. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A
Passage 64(2020全国Ⅰ,D) 主题：人与植物
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light, abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输). Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
2. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water.
B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
3. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
答案
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
Passage 65(2020全国Ⅱ,B) 主题：善于学习
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
1. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.
B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.
D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
2. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.D. Child-parent relatinship.
3. Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist.D. A teaching prgram.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B
Passage 66(2020全国Ⅲ,C) 主题：生活方式
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl—ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991. The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
1. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick.B. Rita.
C. Kathryn.D. The daughters.
2. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in-law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
3. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts.
C. Published statistics.D. Public pinins.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.
B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.
D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
题组四 词义猜测
Passage 67(2024全国甲,B) 主题：人与动物
Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals(声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu’re able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That’s why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn’t usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that’s been present in all kinds f predatrs(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it’s been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!

1. What can be learned abut cats’ mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It’s a survival skill.B. It’s taught by mther cats.
C. It’s hard t interpret.D. It’s getting luder with age.
2. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.
B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.
D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
3. Which best explains the phrase “ a ntch” in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.
C. Act strangely.D. D better.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur Cat
D. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B
Passage 68(2024浙江一考,B) 主题：社会发展
When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins(试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”.
As I rushed utdrs t empty the wastepaper baskets, the dr swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was lcked utside. My mbile phne was inside, but luckily there was a telephne bx acrss the street. S, I called Directry Assistance, gt put thrugh t ur landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent t me with just enugh time t get back in befre the actrs arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used ne, I shuld hardly be surprised that there are n lnger any public telephnes near my huse. The last ne standing has just been turned int a “mini cmmunity library”: any passer-by can “brrw” a bk frm its shelves, and return it later, r replace it with anther title frm their wn cllectin.
Fr a few mnths after the “library” pened, I didn’t bther taking a lk, as I had assumed that it wuld be stuffed full f cheesy lve stries. Then I nticed flk cnducting spring cleans drpping bxes f vluminus bks n varius subjects there. And these bks were free. This unbeatable price-pint encuraged me t experiment with dzens f titles that I wuld never nrmally cnsider buying. And I’ve discvered sme great bks!
If I ever get trapped utside my huse again, my lcal telephne bx will, sadly, n lnger be able t cnnect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait fr my wife t rescue me.
1. What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?
A. The play.B. The shared huse.
C. The sfa.D. The telephne bx.
2. Why did the authr use the telephne bx in 2006?
A. T place an urgent call.B. T put up a ntice.
C. T shelter frm the rain.D. T hld an auditin.
3. What d we knw abut the “mini cmmunity library”?
A. It prvides phne service fr free.
B. Anyne can cntribute t its cllectin.
C. It is ppular amng yung readers.
D. Bks must be returned within a mnth.
4. Why did the authr start t use the “library”?
A. He wanted t brrw sme lve stries.
B. He was encuraged by a clse neighbur.
C. He fund there were excellent free bks.
D. He thught it was an ideal place fr reading.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C
Passage 69(2023全国乙,D) 主题：人类文明
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact(联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.
B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.
D. Why written language is reliable.
2. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.
B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.
D. His recrd was ne-sided.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
4. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld
B. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100Objects
D. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
答案
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C
Passage 70(2023全国甲,B) 主题：个人生活
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day’s wrk was rewarded with ￡5 in pcket mney. She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much f a help t start with. But when Derek built ur family huse abut eight years ag, I was heavily invlved(参与), painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and it was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy(租期) cmes t an end. She adds:“I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver the cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund ￡823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. A fifth wish t increase the value f their huses. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as a male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
1. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
2. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day?
A. Fr a birthday gift.
B. As a treat fr her wrk.
C. T supprt her DIY prjects.
D. T encurage her t take up a hbby.
3. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.
B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.
D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
4. What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A. It is becming mre cstly.
B. It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C. It is turning int a seasnal industry.
D. It is gaining ppularity amng females.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
Passage 71(2023浙江一考,B) 主题：健康生活
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
1. What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with yu.
B. Jin yu in what yu’re ding.
C. Transfrm yur way f living.
D. Help yu t make the decisin.
2. What was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?
A. He disapprved f it.B. He was favrable t it.
C. He was tlerant f it.D. He didn’t care abut it.
3. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She is quite gd at cking.
B. She respects thers’ privacy.
C. She enjys being a husewife.
D. She is a determined persn.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B. Hw t have ne’s wn persnal space at hme.
C. Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D. Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
Passage 72(2023浙江一考,C) 主题：科技发展
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
1. Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B. T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C. T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D. T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
2. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
3. What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A. Create rules.
B. Cmprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.
D. Identify difficult wrds.
4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B. The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C. Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
Passage 73(2022全国甲,C) 主题：个人生活
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
1. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
2. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
3. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.
B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.
D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.
B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.
D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B
Passage 74(2021全国甲,C) 主题：社会交往
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn’t wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam(横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe!Safe!Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I’d given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I’ve traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear; turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭)amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded(滑)up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A. He felt disappinted.
B. He gave up his hbby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What d the underlined wrds “Safe!Safe!Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!
C. N way!D. Dn’t wrry!
3. Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A. T jin the skatebarding.B. T make new friends.
C. T learn mre tricks.D. T relive his childhd days.
4. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A. Children shuld learn a secnd language.
B. Sprt is necessary fr children’s health.
C. Children need a sense f belnging.
D. Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
Passage 75(2020全国Ⅱ,C) 主题：人与动物
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin(时装)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种). It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins. Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
1. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
2. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed.B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It’s frmal.B. It’s risky.
C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditinal.
答案
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 76(2020全国Ⅱ,D) 主题：终身学习
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks.
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
1. Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative.B. Uneasy.
C. Inseparable.D. Casual.
2. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
3. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs.B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries.D. Purchase her nvels.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading:A Surce f Knwledge
B. My Idea abut Writing
C. Library:A Haven fr the Yung
D. My Lve f the Library
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D
三年模拟
考点基础练
题组一 细节理解
Passage 1(2024浙江温州二模,A) 主题：艺术
Art Gallery f NSW (New Suth Wales) Exhibitin
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded
the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day?
25 Nvember 2023-28 April 2024
Day and night, lve and rage, calm and chas. Enter a wrld f emtinal extremes in this exhibitin f the art f Luise Burgeis, ne f the mst influential artists f the past century. Brn in Paris in 1911 and living and wrking in New Yrk until her death in 2010, Burgeis is well-knwn fr her fearless explratin f human relatinships acrss a seven-decade career.
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day? reveals the extrardinary reach and intensity f Burgeis’ art, frm unfrgettable sculptures f the 1940s t her tugh yet tender weaving wrks f the 1990s and 2000s. It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces. Mving frm the well-lit rms f “Day” t the darkened area f “Night”, viewers will encunter mre than 120 wrks, including many never seen befre in Australia.
Tickets can be bked nline via the exhibitin r event page n ur website, r in persn at the welcme desk at the Art Gallery. Tickets cannt be exchanged, but if smething unexpected happens that prevents yu frm attending, yu can change the date f yur reservatin in yur cnfirmatin email.
1. What d we knw abut Luise Burgeis?
A. Her art is cnservative.
B. She was an emtinal artist.
C. She was raised in Paris.
D. Her art explres human relatinships.

2. What des the exhibitin feature?
A. Varius themes.B. Cntrasting layut.
C. Intensive clrs.D. Extrardinary paintings.
3. What can yu d if yu can’t attend the exhibitin?
A. Reschedule the date.B. Cancel the bking.
C. Claim the mney back.D. Exchange the event.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A
Passage 2(2024安徽安庆二模,D) 主题：环境保护
Nbdy knws yet what the best way f remving all that carbn will be, but scientists arund the wrld are develping a new methd. The Swiss cmpany Climewrks is building big extractr fans(排气扇) t remve carbn.
But ther scientists are lking t nature’s carbn cycle fr inspiratin. They’re lking fr ways t imprve it, speed it up and help it take mre carbn ut f the air permanently.
One f thse scientists is Prfessr Luke Mackinder, a plant bilgist at the University f Yrk. His research int carbn remval is inspired by cean algae(海藻). “Abut half f carbn absrptin takes place in the cean,” he says. “Algae are extremely efficient at absrbing it.”
In rder t d this, his team has studied the genetic cde(基因密码) f algae t wrk ut which genes play a vital rle in carbn absrptin. He believes they have nw figured this ut. “Nw we have a list and we can start thinking abut hw t bring them tgether in different living things,” he says. “We place the genes int thse f ther plants. It’s genetic mdificatin.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them t a range f crps and trees. The resulting increased prductin culd be gd fr fd security. Alternatively, they culd help t enhance the influence f climate change. It all depends n what we d with the carbn nce it’s trapped in thse plants. Eating them wuld quickly return it t the atmsphere. But if instead we find ways t stre it, we culd keep it ut f the atmsphere fr gd.
Dave Hillyard, chief administratr f the Carbn Technlgy Research Fundatin that is funding Mackinder’s research, says that it is imprtant t fund wrk n a wide range f carbn remval methds, because “sme will nt get the results they’re lking fr and sme will succeed. There are a lt f pprtunities here but very little funding and research ging int it.”
1. What is discussed in the first paragraph?
A. An apprach t carbn remval.
B. A way t imprve big extractr fans.
C. A means f jining a cmpany.
D. A methd f ding scientific research.
2. Why des Prfessr Luke Mackinder fcus n cean algae?
A. It is secure.B. It is effective.
C. It is sufficient.D. It is accessible.
3. What can we knw abut the genes f algae frm the furth paragraph?
A. They bring abut great side effects.
B. They are useless fr carbn absrptin.
C. They help increase fd prductin.
D. They have been put int ther plants.
4. What is required accrding t Dave Hillyard?
A. The gvernment’s permissin.
B. Mre scientists’ participatin.
C. Increasing experimental chances.
D. The input int the research.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D
Passage 3(2024广东湛江一模,B) 主题：人际关系
The Rbbers Cave Experiment was part f a series f studies cnducted by scial psychlgist Muzafer Sherif and his wrkmates in the 1940s and 1950s. The researchers divided bys at a summer camp int tw grups, and they studied hw cnflict develped between them. They als investigated what did and didn’t wrk t reduce grup cnflict. The bys were left in the dark abut the experiment.
In the 1954 study, bys wh were apprximately 11~12 years ld thught that they were participating in a typical summer camp, which tk place at Rbbers Cave State Park. Hwever, the campers’ parents knew that their children were actually participating in a research study.
The bys arrived at the camp in tw separate grups: fr the first part f the study, they spent time with members f their wn grup, withut knwing that the ther grup existed. The grups chse names, the Eagles and the Rattlers.
After a shrt perid f time, the bys became aware f the existence f the ther grup and began t speak negatively abut the ther grup. Then the researchers arranged a cmpetitive turnament between the grups, cnsisting f games such as baseball and tug-f-war, and the relatinship between the tw grups quickly became tense. The campers rated their wn grup mre psitively than the rival(对立) grup.
T determine the factrs that culd reduce grup cnflict, the researchers first brught the campers tgether fr fun activities such as having a meal r watching a mvie tgether. Hwever, this didn’t wrk t reduce cnflict.
Next, Sherif and his wrkmates tried having the tw grups wrk n cmmn gals. Fr example, the camp’s water supply was cut ff purpsely by the researchers, and the Eagles and the Rattlers wrked tgether t fix the prblem. Wrking n shared gals eventually reduced cnflict and friendships began t frm with members f the ther grup. In the end, sme f the campers requested that everyne frm bth grups take the bus hme tgether, and ne grup bught drinks fr the ther grup.
1. What can be inferred abut the campers in the 1954 experiment?
A. Their parents held smething back frm them.
B. They were asked t take part in a scial practice.
C. They were participating in a typical summer camp.
D. Their grups were frmed by the names they chse.
2. What is the beginning f the bys’ negative attitude t the ther grup?
A. Being asked t rate the ther grup.
B. Hearing negative remarks frm the ther grup.
C. Cmpeting in a turnament against the ther grup.
D. Becming aware f the existence f the ther grup.
3. Why was the camp’s water supply cut ff?
A. T cause a cnflict between the tw grups.
B. T test the campers’ prblem-slving ability.
C. T get the tw grups t wrk twards a cmmn gal.
D. T see hw much the campers care abut each ther.
4. What can be a cnclusin frm Sherif’s experiment?
A. Fights between different grups are unavidable.
B. One shuld seek friendship with ut-grup members.
C. Fun activities are the best ways t reduce grup cnflict.
D. Grup members tend t be against ut-grup members.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D
Passage 4(2024江苏镇江期初适应性练习,D) 主题：技术创新
Active nise cntrl technlgy is used by nise-canceling headphnes t minimize r cmpletely blck ut utside nise. Hwever, despite the many advancements in technlgy, peple still dn’t have much cntrl ver which sunds their headphnes blck ut and which they let pass.
Nw, deep learning algrithms(算法) have been develped by a grup f academics at the University f Washingtn (UW) that enable users t select which nises t filter(过滤) thrugh their headphnes in real time. The system has been named “semantic hearing” by its creatrs.
The AI-pwered headphnes remve all backgrund nise by streaming recrded audi(音频) t a smartphne that is linked t the devices. Thrugh this prcess, the headphne users can chse t strengthen r cancel ut 20 types f sunds, using vice cmmands r a smartphne app. The headphnes will then nly let thrugh the sunds that have been chsen by the wearer.
“The challenge is that the sunds headphne wearers hear need t sync(同步) with their visual senses. This means the neural(神经的) algrithms must prcess sunds in under a hundredth f a secnd,” said senir authr Shyam Gllakta, a UW prfessr.
Due t this time cnstraint, the semantic hearing system chses a prcess that relies n nises cmmunicated n a device like a linked smartphne. Furthermre, in rder fr humans t cntinue t effectively experience sunds in their envirnment, the system needs t maintain these delays because sunds cming frm different directins enter peple’s ears at different times.
Trials were undertaken by the researchers in a variety f settings. The semantic hearing system was able t islate target sunds, while at the same time remving backgrund nise. In terms f the system’s audi utput fr the desired sunds, 22 participants gave it an average rating higher than they assigned t the riginal nise recrdings.
There were, hwever, a few disadvantages: the AI-pwered system ccasinally had truble recgnizing sunds that were t similar. The researchers said that the system culd prduce better results if its machine learning mdels were trained n mre real-wrld data.
1. What can deep learning algrithms d?
A. Imprve users’ listening ability.
B. Help users remve unwanted nise.
C. Stp peple frm entering nisy areas.
D. Create cmmunicatin between users.
2. What shuld the neural algrithms d accrding t Shyam Gllakta?
A. Select headphne users.
B. Prcess data withut nticeable delay.
C. Fllw the way peple speak.
D. Imprve the quality f smartphnes.
3. What did the researchers find abut the system in the trials?
A. It has imprvement in sund quality.
B. It helps them recgnize participants’ vices.
C. It has mre disadvantages than advantages.
D. It’s suitable t strengthen backgrund nise.
4. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. The semantic hearing system still has sme drawbacks
B. The semantic hearing system can recgnize human speech
C. AI nise-canceling headphnes let yu chse what yu hear
D. AI nise-canceling headphnes nw have a cmmercial versin
答案
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C
题组二 推理判断(一)
Passage 5(2024湖南邵阳一模,C) 主题：科技发展
Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives. And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shun technlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips(微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted(植入) int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever, it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns, nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert(静止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them. Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away frm us.
1. What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A. A summary f the article.
B. An intrductin t the main tpic.
C. An verview f the whle article.
D. An argument ver the main tpic.
2. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A. The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
B. The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
C. The future f micrchips and devices alike.
D. The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
3. Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A. They may reject it.
B. They may expect it.
C. They may adjust t it.
D. They may feel curius abut it.
4. Which wrd can best describe the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface implants?
A. Imaginary.B. Practical.
C. Unfulfilled.D. Impssible.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
Passage 6(2024江苏扬州中学开学考,C) 主题：学习方法
Tw and a half millennia ag, Scrates cmplained that writing wuld harm students. With a way t stre ideas permanently and externally, they wuld n lnger need t memrize them. Hwever, studies tday have fund that writing n paper can imprve everything frm recalling a randm series f wrds t better understanding cmplex cncepts.
Fr learning material by repetitin, the benefits f using a pen r pencil lie in hw the mtr and sensry memry f putting wrds n paper reinfrces that material. The scribbling(涂鸦) n a page feeds int visual memry: peple might remember a wrd they wrte dwn in French class as being at the bttm-left f a page.
One f the best demnstrated advantages f writing by hand seems t be in nte-taking. Students typing n cmputers wrte dwn almst twice as many wrds directly frm lectures, suggesting they were nt understanding s much as rapidly cpying the material. Hwever, handwriting frces nte-takers t prcess and rganize ideas int their wn wrds. This aids cnceptual understanding at the mment f writing, resulting in better perfrmance n tests.
Many studies have cnfirmed handwriting’s benefits, and plicymakers have taken nte. Thugh America’s curriculum frm 2010 des nt require handwriting instructin past first grade (rughly age six), abut half the states since then have required mre teaching f it. In Sweden there is a push fr mre handwriting and printed bks and fewer devices. England’s natinal curriculum already includes the teaching f basic cursive writing(连写体) skills by age seven.
Hwever, several schl systems in America have gne s far as t ban mst laptps. This is t extreme. Sme students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. Virginia Berninger, prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Washingtn, is a lngtime advcate f handwriting. But she is nt a purist; she says there are research-tested benefits fr “manuscript” print-style writing but als fr typing.
Scrates may r may nt have had a pint abut the dwnsides f writing. But n ne wuld remember, much less care, if his student Plat had nt nted it dwn fr the benefit f future generatins.
1. Accrding t the text, why des writing n paper have benefits fr learning?
A. It prvides visual enjyment in class.
B. It imprves the effect f memrizatin.
C. It prmtes the mtr and sensry ability.
D. It helps t remember the infrmatin frever.
2. Hw des the authr shw the emphasis n handwriting instructin at schl?
A. By giving examples.B. By prviding statistics.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By making classificatin.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Difficulties faced by the disabled.
B. Unreasnableness f frbidding typing.
C. The research-tested benefits f typing.
D. The lngtime advcacy f handwriting.
4. Why des the writer mentin Scrates and Plat in the last paragraph?
A. T thank Plat fr his effrts.
B. T defend Scrates’ pint f view.
C. T shw peple’s indifference t typing.
D. T cnfirm the imprtance f handwriting.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
Passage 7(2024浙江温州二模,D) 主题：完善自我
Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting. S unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely t buy frm cmpanies we’ve gt used t. That is why cmpanies spend s much mney n advertising and marketing and why insurance cmpanies penly charge existing custmers mre than new nes.
It’s nt the case that we nly desire things we already knw. Sme studies suggest when invited t share ur preferences, we smetimes see less familiar ptins as mre desirable. But when acting n that preference, we fall back t what we knw. This might explain why smetimes the things we want and the things we d dn’t quite match up. We might even return t cmpanies that treated us prly in the past r stay in bad relatinships.
It’s easy t paint the familiarity principle as an enemy r smething t battle as if it is smething that hlds us back frm living ut ur dreams. But this attitude might be verwhelming because it tends t encurage us tward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we dn’t feel ready fr. Sme articles suggest the slutin t familiarity frustratin is cmplete expsure t nvelty. While this can appear effective in the shrt run, we may nly end up replacing ne prblem with anther. It als risks being verwhelmed and burnut.
S what if we can wrk with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is smething we can learn t play with and enjy. It is a setting fr creativity and a pathway t expansin. We can braden the zne f familiarity bit by bit. If we think f familiarity as smething that can expand, we can cnsider changing the cnditins in and arund ur lives t make mre space fr ur preferences t take rt and grw gently. Frm here, we will start t make decisins, drawing frm an ever-deepening pl f valuable ptins.
1. What allws insurance cmpanies t charge ld custmers mre?
A. The imprved service.
B. The advertising cst.
C. The familiarity principle.
D. The law f the market.
2. What can be learned frm paragraph 2?
A. Our preferences affect ur decisins.
B. Familiarity tends t generate disrespect.
C. The familiarity principle is a duble-edged swrd.
D. There can be a mismatch between desires and actins.
3. What is the authr’s attitude twards the slutin in sme articles?
A. Disapprving.B. Tlerant.
C. Objective.D. Reserved.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Step Out f Yur Familiarity Zne
B. Spare a Thught fr Yur Preference
C. Gently Expand Yur Familiarity Zne
D. Give Pririty t the Mere Expsure Effect
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C
Passage 8(2024江苏苏锡常镇四市一模,C) 主题：完善自我
Digital mindfulness is the applicatin f mindfulness practices in yur digital life. Accrding t Jn Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness is “a means f paying attentin in a particular way, n purpse, in the present mment, and nn-judgmentally”. Here tw main key pints are emphasized when it cmes t mindfulness as a practice in yur digital life.
The first pint is that yu must learn t d things n purpse. Fr instance, yu use yur phne as a habitual escape frm bredm r stress, which is thught by many as a quick slutin t all thse negative feelings. But what if yu get nly negative respnses frm yur phne—the news r psts are negative? Instead f finding peace, yu find mre bredm and mre stress. The slutin that mindfulness prvides is purpseful and intentinal chice. Therefre, yu are empwered t chse hw t respnd t the stimulus(刺激) behind such feelings as bredm, lneliness and stress, and nt just treat the symptms(症状).
The ther key is ging thrugh the experience nn-judgmentally. When yu feel sad r angry because f a pst n scial media, all yu ever d is g thrugh the experience and let it flw. At its cre, mindfulness invlves the acceptance f yur memries, feelings, and thughts minus any judgment n yurself r thers because f thse things. These feelings, memries, and experiences cme and g. After they have passed, yu are still yu and in cntrl. Yu will becme mre aware f yur inner wrld. It’s this internal mnlgue(独白) that pushes yu t grab yur digital technlgy (phne, Alexa speaker, TV, etc.).
Digital mindfulness is nt abut aviding the negative things in life. Thrugh mindfulness practice, yu regain the pwer t learn frm these experiences and healthily deal with the negative. Mindfulness will als teach yu t be aware f all yur emtins, s yu learn t deal with the things that yu used t avid. Finally, digital mindfulness brings yu peace f mind in an ever-changing and increasingly cnnected wrld.
Nw, I wuld rather prefer t think f it as ne f many tls that we can use in ur daily life.
1. What des the authr suggest readers d when they feel stressed in their digital life?
A. Find smething interesting t d.
B. Use the phne as a habitual escape.
C. Keep away frm the negative respnses.
D. Deal with the rt cause f the prblem.
2. What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A. Negative feelings shuld be avided r cntrlled.
B. Mindfulness invlves bth acceptance and judgment.
C. Mindfulness helps us fully experience life as it happens.
D. Digital technlgy is the key t understanding ur inner wrld.
3. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Hw Can Yu Avid Negative Feelings?
B. Hw Can Yu Define Digital Mindfulness?
C. Hw Can Digital Mindfulness Help Yu?
D. Hw Can Digital Mindfulness Harm Yu?
4. What will prbably be discussed in the next paragraph?
A. Applicatins f mindfulness in cmmunicatin.
B. Ways f practising mindfulness in the digital age.
C. Develpment f mindfulness in the medical field.
D. Benefits f practising digital mindfulness in daily life.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B
题组三 推理判断(二)
Passage 9(2024福建部分地市第一次质量检测,D) 主题：人与植物
On the streets f Manhattan and Washingtn, D.C., in neighbrhds in Seul and parks in Paris, ginkg(银杏) trees are lsing their leaves in reactin t the first gust f cld winter air. This leaf drp, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with glden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are dcumenting evidence f the event happening later and later, a pssible indicatin f climate change. But the stry f ginkgs is nt the familiar ne f human carelessness with nature.
Thanks t fssils fund in Nrth Dakta, scientists fund a ginkg has genetically similar ancestrs dating back 170 millin years t the Jurassic perid. “It almst went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it arund the wrld. It’s such a great evlutinary(进化) and cultural stry,” says Peter Crane, a ginkg expert.
One thery is that the decline f the ginkg species began 130 millin years ag, when flwering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted mre pllinatrs(传粉者) than ginkgs. “It’s pssible that ginkgs were elbwed ut f the way,” says Crane. Already cmpeting t survive, ginkgs began t disappear during a time f glbal cling that began arund 66 millin years ag. By the time the last ice age ended 11,500 years ag, the remaining survivrs were fund in China.
Ginkg fruits are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed thrugh their bdy and grew,” Crane says. Thse same seeds may have helped ginkgs find favr with humans 1,000 years ag. Withut their uter layer, ginkg seeds are safe t eat. It’s then, when the trees had lng since disappeared elsewhere, that peple in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgs spread acrss the wrld. Nw it’s seemingly naturally resistant t insects and high levels f air pllutin.
Crane isn’t wrried abut its future, thugh: The ppularity f the species will help it survive. “Thugh its status in the wild may be difficult t access, it’s a plant that’s unlikely t ever g extinct,” he says.
1. What may have caused the further delay f ginkgs’ leaf drp?
A. The clder weather in winter.
B. The prtectin frm city cuncils.
C. The glbal warming phenmenn.
D. The careless interactin with humans.
2. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. The reasns why ginkgs almst died ut.
B. The advantages f ginkgs ver ther plants.
C. The theries f experts in multiplying ginkgs.
D. The cmpetitin between varius flwering plants.
3. What might have cntributed t ginkgs’ survival?
A. Their eatable seeds.B. Their unpleasant smell.
C. The natural evlutin.D. The careful planting.
4. Hw des Crane feel abut ginkgs’ future?
A. Wrried.B. Optimistic.C. Uncertain.D. Hpeless.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B
Passage 10(2024江苏南通一模,D) 主题：跨文化沟通
Ramírez Castañeda, a Clmbian bilgist, spends her time in the Amazn studying hw snakes eat pisnus frgs withut getting ill. Althugh her findings cme in many shapes and sizes, she and her clleagues have struggled t get their bilgical discveries ut t the wider scientific cmmunity. With Spanish as her mther tngue, her research had t be translated int English t be published. That wasn’t always pssible because f budget r time—and it means that sme f her findings were never published.
“It’s nt that I’m a bad scientist,” she says. “It’s just because f the language.”
Castañeda is nt alne. There is plenty f research in nn-English-language papers that gets lst in translatin, r is never translated. A piece f research lked thrugh mre than 400,000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and fund 1,234 studies prviding evidence n bidiversity cnservatin which, because they weren’t in English, may have been verlked. These included Japanese-language findings n the effectiveness f relcating the endangered Blakistn’s fish wl.
Sme experts argue that fr the sake f the bigger picture, scientific knwledge shuld cnverge(集中) int ne cmmn language. Science is very glbalised and becming mre s, s the use f a glbal language is enrmus fr that.
Of curse, scientists can wrk with an English partner, r use a translatr—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle f dependency n the glbal nrth, leading t inequality in internatinal influence. The specific meanings f wrds can als pse a prblem in translatin. Fr example, it is difficult t find in English ne single wrd t describe frest snakes and frgs in the wrk Castañeda des with indigenus(土著的) cmmunities in the Amazn.
“S we’re lsing bservatins fr science, t,” says Castañeda. “Fr me, it’s nt pssible t just have everything translated int English. We need multilingual(多语种的) science, and we need peple that feel cmfrtable ding science in their wn languages. It culd be pssible t switch t a wrld where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages f science, just as English, French and German were the languages f science in the 19th century.”
1. What prevented Castañeda’s discveries frm being mre widely knwn?
A. Pr management.
B. Oppsitin frm her clleagues.
C. Her bad reputatin.
D. The language barrier.
2. What’s the cnsequence f the dminant fcus n English in scientific research?
A. Inefficient wildlife cnservatin.
B. A knwledge gap in the scientific wrld.
C. A grwing interest in nn-English papers.
D. Inadequate jb pprtunities fr translatrs.
3. What des the authr want t illustrate by mentining frest snakes and frgs?
A. The urgency t prtect rare species.
B. The need t adpt ne glbal language.
C. The challenges in translating scientific texts.
D. The bidiversity n the Suth American cntinent.
4. What is presented in the last paragraph f the text?
A. A ptential slutin.B. A theretical mdel.
C. A ppular belief.D. A glbal trend.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
Passage 11(2024湖南长沙新高考适应性考试,D) 主题：动物保护
Nthing earns attentin like rarity. In the natural wrld, rarity is mst clearly represented by the last members f a declining species. These scarce(稀有) plants and animals are extremely valuable; they represent the final hpe f preventing extinctin. The effrts t cnserve rare species have made an enrmus difference. In the past few decades, declines f many endangered plants and animals have been reversed(逆转). But the attentin t scarcity culd cme at the expense f verlking the rdinary.
If we are t cnserve nature, we must maintain ur fcus n the familiar. Increasingly, cnservatin is turning its sights in this directin—t safeguard what is cmmn, nt just what is rare.
There are gd reasns t cnsider the cmmn. A study f Nrth American birds uncvered that we have lst three billin birds n this cntinent within the past tw generatins.
These declines include species nce cnsidered widespread and secure, like the cmmn redpll, whse numbers are dwn by 29 millin and the cmmn nighthawk, dwn by 26 millin. The shcking lsses are a reminder that the mark f a species in truble is nt rarity, but the rate f decline.
Ntably, the shifts in the abundance f cmmn species can translate int sizeable shifts in ecsystem functining. One caribu herd(北美驯鹿群), numbering in the hundreds f thusands, remves millins f kilgrams f fd fr animals every year and returns nutrients t the sil in the frm f millins f kilgrams f animal waste.
The value f cmmn species is nt just eclgical and ecnmic, but psychlgical. Study after study demnstrates that encunters with the natural wrld imprve ur mental state. Lsing familiar species—whether birds in ur backyard r butterflies n ur drstep—is likely t shrink(收缩) such pprtunities fr engagement.
Rarity will always ccupy a significant place in cnservatin. But in pursuit f a sustainable and bidiverse future, we must avid “the extinctin f cmmnness”.
1. What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T make a survey.B. T ffer a suggestin.
C. T intrduce the tpic.D. T prvide an example.
2. What des the example f bird study suggest accrding t the text?
A. Species lss balances the ecsystem.
B. Birds prduce many nutrients t the sil.
C. Species’ rate f decline aruses peple’s cncern.
D. Birds are described as widespread and secure animals.
3. What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A. Rarity matters mst in cnservatin.
B. Familiar species shuldn’t be ignred.
C. Bidiversity results in the extinctin f cmmnness.
D. Peple’s physical state shrinks fr sustainable develpment.
4. Where is this text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A news reprt.B. A health clumn.
C. A bilgy magazine.D. A travel brchure.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B4. C
Passage 12(2024华大新高考联盟二模,D) 主题：科技发展
Neurengineer Silvestr Micera develps advanced technlgical slutins t help peple regain sensry and mtr functins that have been lst due t injury events r neurlgical disrders. Until nw, he has never befre wrked n strengthening the human bdy and cgnitin with the help f technlgy.
Nw in a study published in Science Rbtics, Micera and his team reprt n hw diaphragm(膈膜) mvement can be mnitred fr successful cntrl f an extra arm, essentially augmenting a healthy individual with a third rbtic arm.
Fr further explratin, the researchers first built a virtual envirnment t test a healthy user’s capacity t cntrl a virtual arm using mvement f his r her diaphragm. They fund that diaphragm cntrl des nt interfere with actins like cntrlling ne’s physilgical(生理的) arms, ne’s speech r gaze.
In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm mvement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the tw with a symmetric(对称的), six-fingered hand.
In the virtual envirnment, the user is then hinted t reach ut with either the left hand, the right hand, r the symmetric hand in the middle. In the real envirnment, the user hlds nt an exskeletn with bth arms, which allws fr cntrl f the virtual left and right arms. Mvement detected by the belt arund the diaphragm is used fr cntrlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested n 61 healthy subjects(受试者) in ver 150 sessins.
Previus studies regarding the cntrl f rbtic arms have been fcused n helping the disabled. The latest Science Rbtics study is a step beynd repairing the human bdy twards augmentatin. “Our next step is t explre the use f mre cmplex rbtic devices using ur varius cntrl strategies, t perfrm real-life tasks, bth inside and utside f the labratry. Only then will we be able t grasp the real ptential f this apprach,” cncludes Micera.
1. What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A. T prvide sme advice.
B. T shw an evidence.
C. T summarize the fllwing paragraphs.
D. T ffer sme backgrund.
2. What are the furth and fifth paragraphs prbably abut?
A. A virtual reality game.
B. A new medical device.
C. A new treatment methd.
D. An experiment n animals.
3. Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?
A. By listing sme related data.
B. By ffering sme examples.
C. By making sme cmparisns.
D. By describing research prcesses.
4. What is prbably cntinued with the text?
A. Hw t expand cntrllable rbtic devices.
B. Where t find new and exciting pprtunities.
C. Hw t further develp the rbt market ptential.
D. Why t balance the inside and utside f the labratry.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
题组四 主旨要义(一)
Passage 13(2024山东菏泽一模,D) 主题：社会交往
As peple hld different views n almst anything, we live in a judgmental wrld where peple are quick t pint ut the faults and imperfectins f thers, yet seem unaware f their wn. Sme misguided suls believe they have a duty t help yu t be a better persn by telling yu what a failure yu really are first and then ffering suggestins as t hw yu can imprve.
S what is the pssible slutin t criticism?
If yu are the ne frcing thers t feel ashamed f themselves, STOP. Make a cnscius decisin rather than fcus n the negative aspect f a persn’s perfrmance r attitudes. Yu are mre likely t ffer helpful suggestins frm the beginning. If yu are n the receiving end f criticism, the “OK” respnse is a perfect slutin. When smene cmments negatively n a task yu are ding r a persnality issue f yurs, a natural respnse is t defend and attack. Hwever, this apprach is rarely effective as it puts bth parties n the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief ne-wrd respnse acknwledges the ther persn’s cmment withut agreeing with it r feeling necessary t engage in a debate abut it.
It is imprtant t remain emtinally attached t what the ther persn is saying, t listen withut feeling, and t be an bjective bserver. In fact, there is much that ne can learn frm a negative review. Yu can ask yurself: Did I make a mistake? Culd I have dne better? Did I give 100% f myself t the task at hand? If s, hw can I imprve myself? As fr chrnic(习惯性的) criticizers: It is imprtant t set strict bundaries with them. Remve yurself frm their presence when necessary.
In any case, ne can learn t be “OK” with criticism and nt allw it t negatively impact yur life r relatinship with the ther party.
1. What may the authr think f peple wh prefer t judge thers?
A. Warm-hearted.B. Self-centered.
C. Talkative.D. Respnsible.
2. What des a persn prbably cnvey by saying “OK” accrding t paragraph 3?
A. He thinks the suggestins are helpful.
B. He defends himself with the respnse.
C. He agrees with the cmments cmpletely.
D. He wants t avid unnecessary arguments.
3. What is the key t making an bjective bserver accrding t paragraph 4?
A. Having debates.B. Accepting criticism.
C. Keeping calm.D. Aviding criticizers.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T make a judgment n thers.
B. T explain sme scial behavir.
C. T call fr actin against attack.
D. T give advice n facing criticism.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D
Passage 14(2024浙江宁波十校二模,C) 主题：发展与环境
Students at the Calhun Schl in New Yrk City have much mre than a rf ver their heads. They have a rftp garden, with lush grass, clrful flwers and fragrant herbs. “Green rfs” are spruting up all ver, frm schls t city skyscrapers. And rfs aren’t the nly things ging green. Architects are finding all srts f new ways t build buildings that are easier n the envirnment. These schls, hmes, and ffices are called “green buildings”.
Nrmally it takes a lt f energy t run appliances. T ften, that energy cmes frm burning fssil fuels. S green buildings are designed t d all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer f insulatin(隔热材料) traps air t stp heat frm passing thrugh. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat utside in the summer. This saves energy fr heating and cling.
Heat pumps are anther pwer-saving way t stay cmfrtable. A grund heat pump mves heat thrugh pipes that run thrugh the grund next t the building. A few feet under the grund, the temperature stays arund 10℃ all year rund. Water flwing arund the pipes helps heat the building in winter and cl it in summer.
Anther way t build green is t use recycled materials. That saves the cst and pllutin f manufacturing smething new. In the Chicag Center fr Green Technlgy, the ceiling tiles(瓷砖) are made f pressed newspaper. The bathrm flrs are tiled with recycled glass, and the stall walls are recycled plastic. Builders have fund many creative ways t reuse ld materials.
As mre peple becme cncerned abut climate change, mre buildings are ging green. Green buildings prduce less f the gases that warm the planet. City planners like green buildings because they save mney. And they are healthier fr the peple wh wrk and live inside. But yu dn’t need t build a whle new building. Simple changes like shading windws and planting trees can make any hme greener—and a better Earth hme fr us all.
1. Hw are green buildings designed t keep warm in the winter?
A. By burning fssil fuels.
B. By using thick walls with insulatrs.
C. By running heating devices.
D. By equipping buildings with appliances.
2. Accrding t the passage, the advantages f green buildings include the fllwing EXCEPT .
A. saving water
B. using recycled materials
C. using less energy
D. reducing greenhuse gas emissins
3. In which sectin f a magazine can we read the text?
A. Educatin.B. Culture.C. Ecnmy.D. Technlgy.
4. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A. Recycling: t make a better earth fr us all
B. Heat Pumps: a new apprach t saving energy
C. Green Rfs: mre than a rf ver ur heads
D. Green Building: t hug the earth mre kindly
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D
Passage 15(2024江苏南京、盐城一模,D) 主题：生活方式
Recently, I accidentally fund a set f Hanfu I nly wre nce frm the bttm f the cupbard. I remember buying them simply t match the ancient-style hair accessries(配饰) a friend gave me. It ccurred t me that I had been trapped in the “birdcage effect”.
“Birdcage effect” means that when yu get an item ne day, yu will prepare mre things t match it. Weeks ag, I was in the cmpany f friends engaged in shpping. One said that she wanted t buy a gd writing pen t match the delicate ntebk that her sister had given her, s that she wuld fall in lve with taking ntes n reading, and thus lve reading, nt just reading. I jked that she must have fallen fr the “birdcage effect”. But the friend said with a smile: “Why nt use the ‘birdcage effect’ instead?”
Fr the first time, I heard that the “birdcage effect” can be used in reverse(反向). Hwever, this can’t help but remind me f middle schl, and I seem t have used the “birdcage effect”. Passing by a bkstre ne day, I purchased a magazine and saw the call fr cntributins published in the magazine, s I started writing with eager hands, and then I fell in lve with writing.
After shpping with my friends that time, I began t prceed t use the “birdcage effect”. I bught a small fresh tableclth t decrate my desk, and a beautiful ntebk t recrd my inspiratin. When everything was ready, I started writing again.
But hw can we get rid f the “birdcage effect” in many things, and even use the “birdcage effect” in the ppsite way? Varius “birdcages” unavidably appear in life, but we can distinguish them. If it is nt in line with the actual situatin, it is a “negative birdcage”, then we must learn t stp lsses in time and maintain a heart f abandnment and separatin. If it is a “psitive birdcage” that mtivates us t develp upward, we can clarify ur gals, shp r decrate apprpriately, and mtivate urselves t mve twards ur gals. At this time, yu will find that the “birdcage effect” is actually nt s terrible!
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The applicatin f the “birdcage effect” in life.
B. The necessity f using the “birdcage effect” in life.
C. The turning pint f the authr’s idea n the “birdcage effect”.
D. The authr’s cnflict with her friend ver the “birdcage effect”.
2. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining her middle schl experience?
A. T recall her delightful days at schl.
B. T explain the reasn fr her lve fr writing.
C. T cnfirm the psitive f the “birdcage effect”.
D. T prve her knwledge f the “birdcage effect”.
3. Hw can we make use f the “birdcage effect” psitively?
A. By realizing this effect has tw sides.
B. By prmting ur persnal cnsumptin.
C. By recgnizing this effect is nt s terrible.
D. By guiding ur acts t g with reasnable gals.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Getting Rid f the Birdcage Effect Cnfidently
B. Mtivating Ourselves t Mve Twards Our Gals
C. The Birdcage Effect: Influence n Cnsumer Behavir
D. The Birdcage Effect: Hw t Use It t Yur Advantage
答案
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D
Passage 16(2024山东潍坊一模,C) 主题：环境保护
Peple have cme t understand the enrmus impacts—beneficial as well as harmful—plastics have n human lives and the envirnment. As plymer(聚合物) scientists cmmitted t inventing sustainable slutins fr real-wrld prblems, we set ut t tackle the issue f plastic waste by rethinking the way plymers are designed s we culd make plastics with recyclability built right in.
Everyday items including milk jugs, grcery bags, and takeut cntainers are made frm a class f plymers called plylefins. These plastics are really durable(耐用的) because the chemical bnds in thse plymers are extremely stable. In a wrld set up fr dispsable(一次性的) items, durability is n lnger a design feature but rather a design drawback. Imagine if half the plastics used tday were recyclable thrugh twice as many prcesses as they are nw. Als cnventinal recycling requires careful srting f all the cllected materials, which can be challenging with s many different plastics. Fr example, separating paper frm metal desn’t require cmplex technlgy, but srting a cntainer frm a milk jug f a different plylefin is difficult t d withut the ccasinal mistake.
In a study published in Science in Octber 2023, we described a series f plymers with nly tw building blcks—ne sft plymer and ne hard plymer—that behave like plylefins but culd be chemically recycled. Cnnecting tw different plymers multiple times until they frm a single, lng mlecule(分子) creates what’s called a multiblck plymer. By changing hw much f each plymer type ges int the multiblck plymer, ur team prduced a wide range f materials with prperties that cvered all plylefin types.
Using the same strategy but by adding hydrgen, we culd discnnect the plymers back int their building blcks and easily separate them t use again. When we made new plymers ut f these recycled plastics, they perfrmed just as well as the riginal materials even after several runds f chemical recycling. S we were able t create materials with similar prperties f the plastics the wrld relies n. We believe this wrk is a step tward mre sustainable plastics.
1. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut cncerning plastics?
A. Their multiple uses.
B. Their chemical prperties.
C. Their recycling challenges.
D. Their classificatin criteria.
2. A key factr f prducing diverse multiblck plymers is .
A. mixing building blcks with lng mlecules
B. integrating chemicals int the tw plymers
C. cmbining tw different multiblck plymers
D. adjusting the percentage f the tw plymers
3. Which is a feature f multiblck plymers?
A. They are made frm sustainable materials.
B. They can be recycled by adding hydrgen.
C. Their reliability utperfrms traditinal plastics.
D. Their prperties change with runds f recycling.
4. Which f the fllwing might be the best title?
A. Designing fr Recycling
B. Classifying Plastic Waste
C. Replace Plastics with Plymers
D. Technlgy Creates the Future
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
题组五 主旨要义(二)
Passage 17(2024福建高中毕业班适应性练习,D) 主题：人与植物
Cmmn water plants culd prvide a green energy surce. Scientists have figured ut hw t get large amunts f il frm duckweed, ne f nature’s fastest-grwing water plants. Transferring such plant il int bidiesel(生物柴油) fr transprtatin and heating culd be a big part f a mre sustainable future.
Fr a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants t prduce seven times mre il per acre than sybeans. Jhn Shanklin, a bichemist says further research culd duble the engineered duckweed’s il utput in the next few years.
Unlike fssil fuels, which frm undergrund, bifuels can be refreshed faster than they are used. Fuels made frm new and used vegetable ils, animal fat and seaweed can have a lwer carbn ftprint than fssil fuels d, but there has been a recent negative view against them. This is partly because s many crps nw g int energy prductin rather than fd; bifuels take up mre than 100 millin acres f the wrld’s agricultural land.
Duckweed, cmmn n every cntinent but Antarctica, is amng the wrld’s mst prductive plants, and the researchers suggest it culd be a game-changing renewable energy surce fr three key reasns. First, it grws readily in water, s it wuldn’t cmpete with fd crps fr agricultural land. Secnd, duckweed can grw fast in agricultural pllutin released int the water. Third, Shanklin and his team fund a way t avid a majr bitechnlgical barrier: Fr the new study, Shanklin says, the researchers added an il-prducing gene, “turning it n like a light switch” by intrducing a particular mlecule(分子) nly when the plant had finished grwing. Shanklin says, “If it replicates(复制) in ther species—and there’s n reasn t think that it wuld nt—this can slve ne f ur biggest issues, which is hw we can make mre il in mre plants withut negatively affecting grwth.”
T expand prductin t industrial levels, scientists will need t design and prduce large-scale bases fr grwing engineered plants and btaining il—a challenge, Shanklin says, because duckweed is a nn-mainstream crp withut much existing infrastructure(基础设施).
1. What can peple get frm duckweed first hand?
A. Plant il.B. Stable bidiesel.
C. Sustainable water.D. Natural heat.
2. What des paragraph 4 mainly cnvey?
A. Optins fr renewable energy.
B. Reasns fr engineering genes.
C. The ptential f a revlutinary energy surce.
D. The apprach t aviding agricultural pllutin.
3. What is the decisive factr t mass-prduce the plant?
A. Industrial levels.B. Unique design.
C. Academic research.D. Basic facilities.
4. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Duckweed PwerB. Duckweed Prductin
C. Genetic EngineeringD. Genetic Testing
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D4. A
Passage 18(2024九省联考,D) 主题：社会交往
Fr lts f kids, tddlerhd(幼儿期) is an imprtant time fr friendship. Studies shw that the earlier kids learn t frm psitive relatinships, the better they are at relating t thers as teenagers and adults. Playing tgether als helps these kids practice scial behavirs, such as kindness, sharing, and cperatin.
Even s, hw quickly yur child develps int a scial creature may als depend n his temperament(性格). Sme tddlers are very scial, but thers are shy. In additin, the way that tddlers demnstrate that they like ther children is markedly different frm what adults think f as expressins f friendship. Research at Ohi State University in Clumbus fund that a tddler’s way f saying “I like yu” during play is likely t cme in the frm f cpying a friend’s behavir.
This seemingly unusual way f demnstrating fndness can result in unpleasant behavir. Regardless f hw much they like a playmate, they may still grab his tys, refuse t share, and get bssy. But experts say that this is a nrmal and necessary part f friendship fr kids this age. Thrugh play experiences, tddlers learn scial rules. That’s why it’s s imprtant t take an active rle in yur tddler’s scial encunters by setting limits and ffering frequent reminders f what they are. When yu establish these guidelines, explain the reasns behind them.
Begin by helping yur child learn sympathy(“Ben is crying. What’s making him s sad?”), then suggest hw he culd reslve the prblem (“Maybe he wuld feel better if yu let him play the ball.”). When yur child shares r shws empathy(同理心) tward a friend, praise him (“Ben stpped crying! Yu made him feel better.”).
Anther way t encurage healthy scial interactin is by encuraging kids t use wrds—nt fists—t express hw they feel. It’s als imprtant t be mindful f hw yur child’s persnality affects playtime. Kids are easy t get angry when they’re sleepy r hungry, s schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
1. What des it indicate when tddlers cpy their playmates’ behavir?
A. They are interested in acting.
B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fnd f their playmates.
D. They are tired f playing games.
2. What des the authr suggest parents d fr their kids?
A. Design games fr them.
B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play tgether with them.
D. Help them understand scial rules.
3. What is the functin f the quted statements in paragraph 4?
A. Giving examples.B. Explaining cncepts.
C. Prviding evidence.D. Making cmparisns.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Hw Children Adapt t Changes
B. Hw t Be a Rle Mdel fr Children
C. Hw Yur Baby Learns t Lve
D. Hw t Cmmunicate with Yur Kid
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C
Passage 19(2024江苏宿迁一模,D) 主题：科技发展
Reunins ffer a chance t reflect n hw much has changed. One happened in Hllywd when Here premiered(首映), bringing tgether the actrs, directr and writer behind Frrest Gump 30 years later fr a new film. The stars were “de-aged” using new AI tls, making them mre yuthful in sme scenes and enabling the filmmakers t see the transfrmatin in real time while shting.
With the use f generative AI in filmmaking cme things wrth watching. The first is hw AI will be used t tell new types f stries, as strytelling becmes mre persnalised and interactive. N ne is quite sure hw the nature f strytelling will change, but it is sure t. David Thmsn, a film histrian, cmpares generative AI t the advent f sund. When mvies were n lnger silent, it changed the way plt pints were made and hw deeply viewers culd cnnect with characters. Cristóbal Valenzuela, wh runs a cmpany prviding AI-enhanced sftware, says AI is like a “new kind f camera”, ffering a fresh “pprtunity t reimagine what stries are like”. Bth are right.
Anther big develpment t watch is hw AI will be used as a time-saving tl. Generative AI will autmate and simplify cmplex tasks like film-editing and special effects. Fr a glimpse int the future, watch Everything Everywhere All at Once, which wn the Academy Award fr Best Picture in 2023. It featured a scene that used a “rtscping” tl t edit ut the green-screen backgrund and make a talking rck mre believable. It shrtened t hurs what might have therwise taken days f vide-editing.
What is als nticeable is mre dramatic cnflicts between creatrs and thse running AI platfrms. This year is likely t bring flds f lawsuits(诉讼) frm authrs, musicians and actrs abut hw their wrks have been used t train AI systems withut permissin r payment. Perhaps they can agree n sme srt f licensing arrangement, in which AI cmpanies start paying -hlders.
It will prbably be a few years befre a full-length film is prduced entirely by AI, but it is just a matter f time.
1. What can we learn abut the film Here?
A. It relates a stry abut yuth.
B. The theme f the film is reunin.
C. AI tls are emplyed in the film.
D. It is adapted frm Frrest Gump.
2. What des David think f AI’s applicatin in filmmaking?
A. Transfrmative.B. Destructive.
C. Representative.D. Irreplaceable.
3. Why des the authr mentin the film Everything Everywhere All at Once?
A. T shw the high efficiency f AI tls.
B. T demnstrate the influence f the film.
C. T analyse a nvel way f vide-editing.
D. T praise the hard wrk behind the scenes.
4. What is the article mainly abut?
A. Cnflicts between man and machines.
B. AI’s huge effects n film prductin.
C. Drawbacks f dependence n AI tls.
D. Ht debate n the use f technlgy.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B
Passage 20(2024安徽“江南十校”联考,D) 主题：创新意识
Pwer ften bsts an emplyee’s creativity because being pwerful liberates the individual frm restrictins. Hwever, new research shws that emplyees wh are nt in psitins f pwer can becme mre creative when given time t “warm up” t a task by engaging in the creative task mre than nce.
“This is imprtant because when peple with mre pwer are able t express their creative ideas mre than thse with less pwer, it leads t rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these pwer imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, assistant prfessr in Crnell University. “Understanding ways t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers can help them find the right way t deal with this lw-pwer disadvantage,” Lucas said.
Lucas and his clleagues cnducted tw studies t reach their cnclusin. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generatin sessin int tw runds cnsisting f a ne-minute “warm up” fllwed by a secnd rund in which the participants culd take as lng as they wanted. Participants were randmly assigned t a high-pwer cnditin r a lw-pwer cnditin, and feelings f pwer were generated with a rle manipulatin(操纵) where participants were given a leadership rle and cntrl ver resurces (high pwer) r an emplyee rle with n cntrl ver resurces (lw pwer). The study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the warm-up rund. There was n difference, thugh, in creativity in the secnd rund.
In the secnd study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number f runds frm tw sessins t five, taking as lng as they like t cmplete the task. Similar t the first study, the study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the first rund. But the creativity f lw-pwer individuals caught up t the creativity f the high-pwer individuals after the first rund.
“The lw-pwer warm-up effect suggests a simple interventin that empwers all emplyees t tap their creative ptential and vercmes pwer imbalances in the wrkplace: when pursuing creative wrk, let emplyees warm up first,” Lucas said.
1. Why des Lucas think it imprtant t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers?
A. It maintains pwer imbalances.
B. It mtivates their ambitin t catch up.
C. It creates a cmpetitive wrk envirnment.
D. It encurages a wrkplace with mre equality.
2. Hw did Lucas and his c-authrs stimulate feelings f pwer in the participants?
A. Thrugh a creative task with time limits.
B. Thrugh prviding them with different psitins.
C. Thrugh a cmpetitin between leaders and emplyees.
D. Thrugh assigning them t different cnditins intentinally.
3. Hw did the secnd study differ frm the first study?
A. It had fewer runds.
B. It invlved mre participants.
C. Participants had a changed task.
D. Participants’ creativity gap became wider.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pwer tends t encurage creative ideas
B. Changing tasks bsts all the emplyees’ creativity
C. Warm-up time crrects creativity pwer imbalances
D. Lw-pwer individuals utperfrm the high-pwer nes
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C
题组六 词义猜测(一)
Passage 21(2024江苏南京、盐城二模,C) 主题：生存与环境
Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half f the earth’s frests and grasslands fr agriculture. With the wrld ppulatin expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure n farmland t prduce nt nly mre fd but als clean energy. In places such as Yakima Cunty, Washingtn, it’s created cmpetitin fr space as land-hungry slar panels(太阳能电池板) cnsume available fields. Last mnth, the state apprved plans t cver 1,700 acres f agricultural land with slar panels, fueling cncerns ver the lng-term impacts f lsing crpland.
A recent study frm the University f Califrnia, hwever, shws hw farmers may sn harvest crps and energy tgether. One researcher, Majdi Abu Najm, explains that the visible light spectrum(光谱) can be separated int blue and red light waves, and their phtns(光子) have different prperties. Blue nes have higher energy than red nes. While that gives the blue light what is needed t generate pwer, it als results in higher temperatures. “Frm a plant angle, red phtns are the efficient nes,” says Abu Najm. “They dn’t make the plant feel ht.”
A gal f the study is t create a new generatin f slar panels. He sees ptential in the rganic slar cells, which cme frm carbn-based materials. Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film nt varius surfaces. This new technlgy culd be used t develp special slar panels that blck the blue light t generate pwer while passing the red light n t crps planted directly belw. These panels culd als prvide shade fr heat-sensitive fruits during the httest part f the day.
By 2050, we’ll have abut tw billin mre peple, and we’ll need mre fd and mre energy. By maximizing the slar spectrum, “we’re making full use f an endlessly sustainable resurce,” says Abu Najm. “If a technlgy kicks in that can develp these panels, then the sky’s the limit n hw efficient we can be.”
1. What prblem des the first paragraph fcus n?
A. Lsing crpland t slar panels.
B. Distributin f the wrld ppulatin.
C. Reductin in frests and grasslands.
D. Cmpeting fr land between farmers.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Generatin f slar pwer.
B. Ht weather increasing efficiency.
C. Blue phtns having higher energy.
D. Separatin f the visible light spectrum.
3. What d we knw abut the rganic slar cells?
A. They make fruits heat-sensitive.
B. They can cl dwn in ht days.
C. They allw the red light t pass thrugh.
D. They can stre carbn-based materials.
4. What des Abu Najm think f the future f the new slar panels?
A. Limited.B. Prmising.
C. Uncertain.D. Challenging.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B
Passage 22(2024湖南师大附中月考七,D) 主题：自然科学研究成果
Caribbean bx jellyfish(水母)can learn t spt and avid bstacles(障碍) despite lacking a central brain, accrding t a new study. This is the first evidence that jellyfish can d smething called assciative learning. The nervus systems f Caribbean bx jellyfish are fairly simple, including fur “rhpalia(视神经束)” n a jellyfish’s bdy, each f which has six “eyes”, by which the jellyfish judge a mangrve rt’s distance based n hw dark it lks cmpared t the water and make their way rund it. In cmmn water, nearby rts have high cntrast. Only distant rts fade int the backgrund. But in murky water, even nearby rts can blend int their surrundings and have lw cntrast. The researchers wndered if Caribbean bx jellyfish culd learn that lw-cntrast bjects—which might at first seem distant—were actually clse by.
T find ut, the team put 12 jellyfish int a rund water tank. The tank was surrunded by lw-cntrast gray and white stripes(条纹), which might appear t a jellyfish t be rts in clear water. A camera filmed the animals fr abut seven minutes. At first, they seemed t see the gray stripes as distant rts and cntinued t swim, ending up bumping against the tank wall. But thse cllisins(碰撞) seemed t lead the jellyfish t recnsider the stripes. Sn, the creatures treated the gray stripes mre like clse rts in murky water—and avided them.
This suggests that the rhpalia alne can learn that seemingly distant, lw-cntrast bjects are in fact clse enugh t avid. That, in turn, hints that these nerve centers are behind Caribbean bx jellyfish learning.
“That’s the clest part f the paper,” says Ken Cheng, a bilgist at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. “That gets us ne step dwn int the wiring f hw it wrks.” Fr Gaëlle Bttn-Amit, tracing learning t the rhpalia raises new questins. “They have fur f these things in their bdies. S hw des that wrk?” asks this neurbilgist. If a jellyfish lses ne f its rhpalia, des it frget everything thse “eyes” saw and the neurns had learned? Or d the ther rhpalia remember it?
1. Jellyfish are able t avid bstacles because .
A. they use brain cells t prcess infrmatin gathered
B. they rely n different levels f visual signal input
C. they have unique rgans t measure the distance
D. they are driven by excellent survival instinct
2. Which f the fllwing wrds has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd in paragraph 1?
A. Unusual.B. Cludy.C. Deep.D. Rapid.
3. What can we infer frm paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Jellyfish usually tend t be scared ff by the gray clr.
B. Jellyfish tend t cmpare stripes with mangrve rts.
C. Stimulatin in cntrlled envirnment backed the finding.
D. Rhpalia are in cntrl f the jellyfish’s memry system.
4. Which can be the best title fr the article?
A. N brain, n gain? Denies the jellyfish
B. Unique “eyes” help jellyfish survive
C. Evlutin f learning: frm nerve t brain
D. White r gray? Creature’s decisin-making
答案
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A
Passage 23(2024广东汕头一模,C) 主题：人与动物
A wild African bird that will lead peple t trees with hneycmb(蜂巢) seems t smehw learn the distinct whistles and calls f the human fragers(觅食者) wh live near them.
This bird species has far mre infrmatin abut what the bees are ding than humans ever culd. In Tanzania, Hadza fragers can use a special whistle t attract this bird, which will then fly dwn and start leading them t hney. With its nisy chattering sund, the bird is very cnspicuus. Once the bird arrives at a tree with hney inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly nt t disturb the bees. “That’s the signal t the Hadza t really start searching,” says Brian Wd, an anthrplgist at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles. Pretty sn, the fragers will lcate the hive and cut pen the tree trunk.
It is fund that the birds are mre likely t shw up when the familiar signal used by the lcals is being bradcast. Accrding t the research, the birds appear 82% f the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear nly 24% f the time when the researchers play the whistles traditinally used in a different natin.
This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbrs d when they want t partner up and g hney-hunting. “This is a very strng result which supprts the idea that there’s a learning prcess invlved,” says Wd.
But hw d the birds learn? It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal cmmunicatin seems t benefit bth parties, and it may g back many thusands f years. When the hneycmb is ut, the birds get sme f the beeswax, which they lve t eat. And the human fragers get the hney—which is an enrmusly imprtant fd fr the Hadza. Wd has calculated that the Hadza get abut 10% f the calries in their annual diet with the help f the birds.
1. What des the underlined wrd “cnspicuus” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Eye-catching.B. Carefree.
C. Naughty.D. Attractive.
2. What can we knw abut the birds?
A. They are raised by humans.
B. They help cut pen the tree trunk.
C. They feed n hney as their annual diet.
D. They can distinguish different whistles.
3. Which f the fllwing can best describe the hney gathering?
A. A cmplex dilemma.B. An unfair trade.
C. A duble-edged swrd.D. Win-win cperatin.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The familiar signal in the frest.
B. A talented expert in hunting the bees.
C. A wnderful guide t cllecting hney.
D. The human-animal cmmunicatin in Tanzania.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C
Passage 24(2024湖北武汉二调,D) 主题：奥秘探索
If yu live n this planet, there’s a decent chance yu’ve seen the classic Star Trek episde, in which Captain Kirk and several members find themselves in what appears t be anther universe.
These days, it seems the idea f the multiverse—many wrlds—is having its Hllywd mment. Its appeal as a strytelling device is bvius—characters explre wrlds with varying degrees f similarity t ur wn, as well as different versins f themselves. Hence, it has been fully established in mainstream pp culture.
While Hllywd can’t seem t get enugh f the multiverse, it remains deeply cntrversial(有争议的) amng scientists. Advcates n the tw sides shw n mercy tward each ther in their bks and n their blgs. But physicists didn’t pull the idea ut f thin air—rather, several distinct lines f reasning seem t pint t the multiverse’s existence. Hwever, critics warn that legitimizing(使合法化) the multiverse culd make it harder fr the public t distinguish speculative(推测性的) theries frm established facts, making it mre difficult t keep pseud-science(伪科学) at bay. Giving credit t such speculatin risks “turning fundamental physics int pseud-science”.
The multiverse cntrversy is rted in the idea f testability. If we can’t interact with these ther universes, r detect them in any way, sme experts insist that reduces them t mere philsphical speculatin. But Carrll, an advcate fr “many wrlds”, argues that mathematics is the language describing ur physical theries. Since Schrödinger equatin(方程), n which quantum mechanics(量子力学) rests, predicts the existence f many wrlds, s be it.
Culd a mre expansive view f the universe itself be the next breakthrugh? As Siegfried puts it: “Every time in the past we’ve thught, ‘We’ve gt it; this is what the whle universe is’, the peple wh’ve said, ‘Maybe there’s mre than ne f thse’ have always turned ut t be right.”
1. Why is Hllywd s ccupied with the multiverse?
A. It makes fr engaging plts.
B. It is a much-talked-abut tpic.
C. It is helpful t ppularize science.
D. It dminates the mainstream pp culture.
2. What d the underlined wrds in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Out f date.B. Out f place.
C. Out f nwhere.D. Out f questin.
3. Accrding t the ppnents, the basic standard f fundamental physics is that .
A. it can be detected smehw
B. it can be reasned lgically
C. it can be interpreted philsphically
D. it can be predicted by mathematical equatins
4. What might be the authr’s attitude tward the multiverse?
A. Dubtful.B. Dismissive.C. Unclear.D. Apprving.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D
题组七 词义猜测(二)
Passage 25(2024广东广州一模,C) 主题：自然科学研究成果
When adult humans meet a baby, many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched(更高音的), sing-sng vice. This shift, knwn as parentese, is nt unique t humans—it has als been bserved in animals like mnkeys and grillas. Nw, scientists are adding ne mre species t that list: bttlense dlphins.
Dlphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in grups. They cmmunicate in a unique way: every individual prduces its wn signature sund that acts much like an ID card, usually by its first birthday. But hw des each cme up with its distinctive whistle? Fr babies, it might have smething t d with listening t Mum. T slve this mystery, researchers examined the sunds mther dlphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ wrth f recrdings f sunds made by 19 female bttlense dlphins. When the mther dlphins were near their yung, they cntinued t make their signature sund, but at a higher frequency. They als used a wider range f frequencies than they did when their babies were nt nearby.
This discvery suggests that using these mdificatins mther dlphins assist their yung in learning hw t prduce these calls themselves. Since dlphin babies ften spend sme years with their mthers befre living n their wn, it makes sense that this adaptatin wuld help them learn t cmmunicate. At the very least, the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies’ attentin. “It’s imprtant fr a baby t knw, ‘Oh, Mum’s talking t me nw,’” says marine bilgist June Mann.
This kind f research culd help us understand hw language develped in dlphins. “It is abslutely essential t have basic knwledge abut ther species and hw they cmmunicate,” says Mann. “I wuld be really interested t see whether dlphins als change their sunds when interacting with babies f thers, which is what happens in humans.”
1. What d the underlined wrds “this mystery” refer t in paragraph 2?
A. Why dlphins live and play in grups.
B. Hw dlphins develp their unique sunds.
C. What aspects f intelligence dlphins pssess.
D. Whether dlphins can use parentese like humans.
2. Hw did the researchers carry ut their study f dlphins?
A. By analyzing mther dlphins’ sund features.
B. By recrding parent-child interactin frequency.
C. By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D. By examining the speech rgans f mther dlphins.
3. What is a suggested reasn why dlphin mthers use parentese with their yung?
A. T help them learn t talk.
B. T teach them hunting skills.
C. T express wrry and care.
D. T distract their attentin.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T cmpare the parentese f humans and dlphins.
B. T illustrate the develpment f dlphin intelligence.
C. T share new findings abut dlphin cmmunicatin.
D. T highlight the value f studying dlphins’ language.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C
Passage 26(2024安徽皖南八校第二次联考,D) 主题：技术创新
The measurement f bld pressure ges back almst three centuries, leading t the prcedure that we all knw and that ur family dctr perfrms when we have checkups: A cuff(袖带) ges arund ur arm, which is first inflated(充气), and then deflated(放气), in a cntrlled manner, t determine ur maximum and minimum bld pressure.
But the use f inflatable-cuff bld pressure mnitrs has sme disadvantages. Fr ne thing, unless peple have hme mnitrs, they must g t a chemistry shp, dctr’s ffice r health center t learn what their bld pressure is. Anther barrier is that repeated inflatin and deflatin f the cuff can cause difficulties when, fr example, a patient is in the hspital and needs frequent bld pressure mnitring. And the last ne is that since cuffs dn’t allw cntinuus measurement f bld pressure, they’re nly prviding a measurement at a specific mment.
Tday, a new generatin f bld pressure devices have been develped and their aim is t make it easier t judge high bld pressure. Unlike traditinal devices, they d withut the arm cuff and ffer bld pressure values n demand. Users just press their finger n a sensr n a watch and ring.
The varius cuffless measuring devices are based n methds that, instead f directly determining bld pressure, use sensrs t capture varius indirect signals. These signals are prcessed by different sets f mathematical prcedures t btain the bld pressure values. It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heartbeat and sweating instead f using a thermmeter(体温表), r divining the result f a sccer match frm utside the stadium by listening t the screams f the sccer fans.
The develpment f devices fr measuring bld pressure withut a bld pressure cuff is prgressing rapidly, but that desn’t mean they are ready used t make diagnstic and treatment decisins. “The rad t clinical applicatin may be sme day in the near future, but nt nw,” Avli says.
1. Hw many drawbacks f inflatable-cuff bld pressure mnitrs are there in the text?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
2. Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd in paragraph 4?
A. Changing.B. Describing.
C. Guessing.D. Remembering.
3. What’s the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A. The wrking principle f cuffless measuring devices.
B. The different methds fr setting mathematical prcedures.
C. The way f cuffless measuring devices measuring indirect signals.
D. The cnnectin between inferring fever and measuring bld pressure.
4. What will the writer mst prbably talk abut n cuffless measuring devices next?
A. The issue f mass-prducing them.
B. The prcessing techniques f them.
C. The cmpetitive intensity amng their prducers.
D. The reasns fr them nt being used in the medical wrld currently.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
Passage 27(2024浙江嘉兴二模,D) 主题：社会热点问题
It’s cmmnly acknwledged that ur lives are ruled by algrithms(算法), but have we really cllectively understd hw they have transfrmed ur culture and persnality?
In Filterwrld: Hw algrithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues cnvincingly that the rise f algrithm-driven feeds, used everywhere nline frm Instagram t Sptify, has led t a mre unifrm culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly dn’t belng t us, but t algrithms that are designed t keep peple engaged at all csts. If the cllectin f ur tastes truly shapes ur entire persnality, then this lss is mre psychlgically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrlling(滚屏) thrugh Netflix r TikTk may seem harmless, but ver days, mnths r years, we lse tuch with what we like and enjy.
Taste-making algrithms are inescapable. Chayka shws this by wrking thrugh all crners f life: what we wear (TikTk), where we eat (Ggle Maps), music we listen t (Sptify), even wh we date r marry (Tinder). This universe f algrithm-driven decisins has sciety-wide implicatins: “It extends t influence ur physical spaces, ur cities, and the rutes we mve them in turn.” N ne gets ut f the Filterwrld untuched.
If yu’re lucky enugh nt t need any srt f algrithm-based system fr yur wrk, then yu have the ptin t step back frm algrithms fr a while. But if yur friend suggests a film recmmended n X/Twitter r yu feel the need t buy thse shes suddenly everyne has started wearing after scial media advertisements, what are yu t d? It all feels fruitless.
This Filterwrld may be inescapable, but there is hpe. Yu can start by engaging mre with the media yu d chse t cnsume. This culd mean reading up n a film yu watched r paying artists yu like directly. Even the thughtful act f recmmending an album t a friend is mre rewarding than a randm TikTk feed. As Chayka says, resistance t algrithms “requires an act f willpwer, a chice t mve thrugh the wrld in a different way.”
1. What is Kyle Chayka’s pinin n algrithms?
A. They imprve ur tastes.
B. They make ur culture mre alike.
C. They help t identify ur persnality.
D. They cntribute t psychlgical prblems.
2. What des the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The sciety with advanced technlgy.
B. The wrld withut scial media platfrms.
C. The netwrk f algrithm-driven decisins.
D. The cmmunity free frm algrithmic influence.
3. Which f the fllwing is a way t resist the impact f algrithms?
A. Limiting the use f scial media platfrms.
B. Making chices based n friends’ suggestins.
C. Getting mre invlved with the selected media.
D. Discnnecting frm scial media advertisements.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Algrithms: Cultural Takever
B. The Secret f Algrithms
C. Scial Media: Cultural Messenger
D. The Rise f Digital Platfrms
答案
1. B 2. C3. C 4. A
Passage 28(2024江苏南通二模,C) 主题：动物保护
The science f why insects gather arund lights at night has never been nailed dwn. Ppular theries prpse that mths and ther insects navigate(导航) by the mn and mistake lamps fr mnlight, r that the insects fly twards light t escape cming danger. Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer: cntrary t current theries, insects are nt attracted t light frm far away, but becme trapped if they fly clse t an artificial light surce.
Accrding t Dr Samuel Fabian, study c-authr and Imperial Cllege Lndn entmlgist, mths and many ther insects that fly at night evlved int tilting(倾斜) their backs t wherever is the brightest. Fr hundreds f millins f years, this was the sky rather than the grund. The trick tld insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Mths fund themselves tilting their backs t street lamps. This caused them t circle arund the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evlutin.
Fabian and his clleagues filmed insect flight paths arund lights in the lab. The vides reveal that time and again, mths and dragnflies turned their backs t artificial lights, which appeared t greatly change their flight paths. If the light is abve them, they might start rbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles r diving tward the grund.
Researchers have lng warned that light pllutin is a big driving frce in the dramatic decline in insect ppulatins. Mths and ther insects that becme trapped arund lamps becme easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can als fl them int thinking it is daytime, causing them t bed dwn and skip a night’s feeding.
There are,Fabian believes, helpful lessns frm the research. “What this tells us is that the directin f artificial light matters. Culd we change lighting envirnments t nt trap insects? Fr we’re facing a massive decline in insects arund the wrld, and artificial light at night is ne f the factrs that culd ptentially be leading t this decline,” Fabian said.
1. What d the underlined wrds “nailed dwn” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Ppularized widely.
B. Discussed penly.
C. Defined accurately.
D. Explred academically.
2. Fabian’s study fund that mths circle arund the lamps endlessly because .
A. they can’t keep their balance
B. they use imprper flight attitudes
C. they lse track f which way is up
D. they are attracted t lights frm far away
3. What is the significance f the research finding?
A. It may lead t better cnservatin f insects.
B. Natural enemies f insects will be gt rid f.
C. Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D. It may raise cncerns fr insects’ eating behavir.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Why insects lse their ability t fly at night.
B. Why artificial light and evlutin trap insects.
C. Hw artificial light impacts insect ppulatins.
D. Hw insects evlved distinct strategies f flight.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B
综合提升练
题组一
Passage 29(2024广东湛江一模,A) 主题：文化渊源
Tp Cffee-prducing Cuntries
Brazil
Back in the 18th century, Brazil started grwing cffee. Nw, arund 300,000 cffee farmers in Brazil prduce abut 40% f the wrld’s cffee. Arabica takes up 70% f the cffee beans grwn in the cuntry. In Brazil, 3% f exprt incme is frm cffee beans. Brazilians are wild abut drinking their cffee and cnsume it all day lng.
Vietnam
Cffee fund its way t Vietnam in the 1800s. Nw the cffee industry emplys almst 3 millin peple. Mst f Vietnam’s cffee prductin is the less appreciated Rbusta variety. Because f that, mst cffee beans grwn in Vietnam are fr instant cffee. Despite cffee’s ppularity as an exprt crp, the Vietnamese still prefer tea. They als make a famus cappuccin nt fund elsewhere—famus because it gets a dse f raw egg if that’s t yur liking.
Clmbia
Cffee was intrduced int Clmbia in the early 1700s. In Clmbia, abut 2.3 millin acres f land are planted with cffee. Cffee is the mst imprtant agricultural exprt. There are arund 555,000 cffee grwers in Clmbia. The majrity f Clmbian cffee plantatins are wned by families. Clmbians typically start their mrning with a tint. It’s a small cup f black cffee that’s sweetened with sugars. They may add cinnamn r ther spices t jazz it up.
Indnesia
Indnesia has a lng cffee histry that ges back t the 1600s, which has its share f ups and dwns. In the late 19th century, the terrible cffee rust disease wiped ut many f the high-quality cffee plants. T prevent this frm happening again, Indnesia replanted with the disease-resistant Rbusta cffee. Arabica beans still play a part in the Indnesian cffee market, representing abut 25% f cffee beans grwn there.

1. Which f the fur cuntries started grwing cffee earliest?
A. Brazil.B. Vietnam.C. Clmbia.D. Indnesia.
2. What is special abut Vietnam?
A. A unique kind f cffee drink is made there.
B. High-quality cffee beans are prduced there.
C. Cffee was prduced fr the hme market there.
D. Cffee planting met with prblems in the 1990s there.
3. What d Brazil and Clmbia have in cmmn?
A. Cffee exprts are grwing in bth cuntries.
B. They bth have a cffee-lving ppulatin.
C. They share the same number f cffee grwers.
D. Cffee farms are wned by families in bth cuntries.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. B
Passage 30(2024山东淄博一模,B) 主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物
There was n way t escape when they sptted a plar bear. Verena Mhaupt and a handful f clleagues were trapped n flating sea ice while the bear gazed at them, smelling the air—a dangerus sign.
“That’s when everything kicks in,” Mhaupt says, “and yu fcus n what’s imprtant.” As a clleague fired int the sky as a warning sht, Mhaupt radied their research ship a few kilmetres away, whse helicpter luckily arrived quickly and Mhaupt didn’t have t use the gun that was hanging ver her shulder.
Keeping a lkut fr bears was a regular duty fr Mhaupt, the lgistics crdinatr(后勤协调员) fr a year-lng missin knwn as MOSAiC—the largest Arctic research explratin in histry. The prject, cnsisting f rughly 300 scientists, led by scientist Markus Rex, has cllected massive measurements that will help better frecast hw warming will transfrm the glbe in the cming decades. Fr mnths, the explratin perated in cnstant darkness while plar bears wandered nearby, strms rcked the ship and the ice shifted and cracked. Then, when the Sun returned, the ice began t melt, creating a life-threatening risk and a nightmare fr researchers wh needed t keep their instruments frm sinking.
Tasked with the security f the missin, Mhaupt designed an extensive training curse fr the participants in which they learnt hw t avid the danger, like strm-rcking and ice-cracking. They jumped int a Nrwegian channel in their survival suits and climbed ut f the freezing waters using nly their ice picks. They learnt hw t escape frm a crashed helicpter. And they discussed the psychlgical effects f being far frm hme. Mhaupt brught knitting equipment, a yga mat and an accrdin fr her wn mental health—althugh having been prepared fr the islatin.
Mhaupt didn’t expect a career in plar regins, but says she has always been drawn t the nrth. “She was there t make sure that we were prtected,” says a scientist. “Mhaupt is certainly the champin in the field.”
1. Why des the authr mentin a plar bear in the beginning?
A. T shw the threat f bears.
B. T tell an interesting stry.
C. T intrduce Mhaupt’s jb.
D. T describe the plar scenery.
2. What can we knw frm paragraph 3?
A. The wrking cnditins were tugh.
B. Mhaupt helped t cllect massive data.
C. The explratin went n in ttal darkness.
D. Mhaupt’s duty was t prtect plar bears.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mhaupt?
A. Ambitius and brave.
B. Passinate and dependent.
C. Cnsiderate and mdest.
D. Prfessinal and respnsible.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. A Ptential Danger in the Explratin
B. A Guardian Angel fr Plar Researchers
C. A Great Scientific Explratin in Histry
D. A Great Female Scientist in Plar Research
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 31(2024云南一模,C) 主题：人与动物
Almst all new parents struggle t get enugh sleep while caring fr their newbrns. Fr sme penguin(企鹅) parents, thugh, perids f sleep are especially shrt.
Researchers recently fund that Chinstrap penguins nly sleep fr abut fur secnds at a time in rder t prtect their eggs and newbrn chicks. They d this thusands f times thrughut the day. The shrt “micrsleeps” ttal arund 11 hurs each day. The micrsleeps appear t be enugh t keep the parents ging fr many weeks.
Niels Rattenbrg, a sleep researcher at the Max Planck Institute fr Bilgical Intelligence in Germany, said, “What’s surprising is that the penguins are able t functin kay and successfully raise their yung.”
Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in Nvember in nests made up f small rcks. Mated(交配的) pairs share parenting respnsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alne while the ther ges ff t fish fr family meals. Adult penguins dn’t face many natural enemies in the mating seasn. But large birds called brwn skuas eat the penguin eggs and small chicks. Other adult penguins may als try t steal the small rcks frm the nests, s penguin parents must always be n guard.
Fr the first time, scientists tracked the sleeping behavir f Chinstrap penguins. They did this by attaching devices that measure brain waves. They cllected data n 14 adults ver 11 days n King Gerge Island ff the cast f Antarctica.
Wn Yung Lee, a bilgist at the Krean Plar Research Institute, thught f the idea fr the study when he saw breeding penguins ften blinking(眨) their eyes and apparently sleeping. But the team needed t recrd brain waves t cnfirm the animals were sleeping. “Fr these penguins, micrsleeps have sme restrative functins,” he said. He added that they culdn’t make it withut micrsleeps.
The researchers didn’t cllect sleep data utside the mating seasn. But they suspect that the penguins may sleep fr lnger perids at ther times f the year.
1. What have researchers fund abut Chinstrap penguins?
A. They take turns t take care f the yung.
B. They can sleep fr several secnds at a time.
C. They rest fr 11 hurs in a rw every day.
D. They behave prly due t lack f sleep.
2. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The habitats f the penguins.
B. The living habits f the penguins.
C. The mating seasns f the penguins.
D. The natural enemies f the penguins.
3. Which f the fllwing might Wn Yung Lee agree with?
A. Micrsleeps f the penguins matter in the mating seasn.
B. It’s difficult t recrd brain waves f the penguins.
C. The penguins may sleep lnger than peple believe.
D. Mre funds are needed t further study the penguins.
4. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A bk review.B. A travel brchure.
C. A science jurnal.D. A chemistry textbk.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C
Passage 32(2024江西赣州一模,D) 主题：认识自我
Yu laugh ut lud when a friend misses a step n the stairs, but sn yu feel guilty f laughing at their clumsiness. Yu may ask yurself “Shuldn’t I feel empathetic(共情的) t the persn invlved?” Dn’t wrry. Yur laughter is nt prvked by lack f empathy. As a clinical psychlgist, I’d like t shed light n different aspects f such a situatin which can bring ur usually well-meaning laughter.
The first f these ingredients is surprise. The unexpected situatin surprises us and creates a departure frm the predictable, frm what we expected t see. This incngruus(不一致的) situatin highlights ur errrs f predictin. Laughing at the situatin is a way f reslving the incngruity by making a new and cmic interpretatin f what we witnessed.
Besides, we react accrding t hw we interpret the persn’s facial expressin. A study explred this. Participants were asked t view 210 images representing three types f faces: faces expressing a puzzled lk, faces expressing pain r anger, and peple whse bdies were placed in awkward psitins, withut the face being visible.
At the end f the study, participants rated the images with puzzled faces as funnier than images in which the faces expressed pain r anger, and funnier than images in which bdies were shwn in ridiculus psitins but n facial expressin was seen.
S when we perceive puzzlement in the facial expressin f the victim f clumsiness, this infrmatin creates a cntext that makes us laugh. On the ther hand, if we can read suffering r anger in the facial expressin, we will be tuched by the pain f the victim f the fall and be empathetic, which will prevent us frm laughing.
Let’s frgive urselves fr laughing at cmical situatins invlving ther peple’s clumsiness! Having learnt that they are nt actually in danger and have nt really hurt themselves, we aren’t laughing at the ther persn’s suffering.
1. What des the underlined wrd “prvked” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Determined.B. Cnfirmed.
C. Caused.D. Prevented.
2. What makes us laugh at ther peple’s clumsiness?
A. Unpredictability.B. Visibility.
C. Dignity.D. Identity.
3. What d we knw abut the study?
A. The faces expressing pain r anger were ften ignred.
B. Awkward psitins seemed funnier than puzzled expressins.
C. Peple laughed at thers’ suffering in unfrtunate situatins.
D. Participants were asked t indicate hw funny the images were.
4. What des the authr think f laughing at peple’s awkwardness?
A. Praisewrthy.B. Unacceptable.
C. Frgivable.D. Ridiculus.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C
题组二
Passage 33(2024湖南邵阳一模,A) 主题：社会服务
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Our Services Include
Turs. Meet & Assist Services. Airprt Transfer. MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Cnferences, Exhibitins). Private Jets. Grund handling (24 hurs). VIP services n arrival & departure. Adventure Turs.
Means f Transprtatin Reservatins
We perate fr all means f transprtatin available in the cuntry, starting with buses fr grups t car rental t individuals.
Guidance
We have the mst qualified guides wh speak French, English, German, Italian, Spanish, etc. We bank n their cmmunicatin skills as well as their knwledge in varius fields.
Fancy Dinners
We prepare utdr dinners in particular places such as castles, beaches, ld and traditinal huses, etc. Usually, these dinners are arranged accrding t the clients’ chices.
Luggage Cncierge
Dn’t wrry abut luggage size and weight when travelling. Give yur bags t Luggage Cncierge in advance and they will be waiting fr yu at yur destinatin when yu arrive.
Call ne f ur experienced travel cnsultants n 18884700610 t secure ne f these fantastic deals.
1. What is special abut the cmpany?
A. It prvides ne-stp cmplete turism.
B. It supplies the best flight and htels.
C. It ffers transfer service.
D. Its guides speak varius languages.
2. What can yu d with yur luggage befre travelling?
A. Send it t yur destinatin directly.
B. Carry it by yurself.
C. Keep it as light as pssible.
D. Hand it t Luggage Cncierge.
3. What’s the purpse f the text?
A. T diversify the ecnmy.
B. T attract turists.
C. T cnserve the envirnment.
D. T entertain readers.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. B
Passage 34(2024浙江湖丽衢二模,D) 主题：语言学习
Babies as yung as 4 mnths ld wh are brn int a bilingual(双语的) envirnment shw distinct and ptentially advantageus brain patterns fr speech prcessing. Our early-life experiences can have lifelng effects n ur behavir. The brain is mst sensitive t its envirnment during the first year f life, which is thught t be a critical perid fr language develpment.
Previus studies have lked int the brain mechanisms that underlie speech prcessing in babies wh hear just ne language. T understand this in bilingual-expsed infants, Brja Blanc at the University f Cambridge and his clleagues cmpared hw 31 babies wh nly heard Spanish and 26 babies wh heard Spanish and Basque, all aged 4 mnths, respnded t Spanish recrdings f The Little Prince by Antine de Saint-Exupéry.
The team used an imaging technique called functinal near-infrared spectrscpy (fNIRS) t measure changes in brain activities. In the Spanish-nly babies, the recrdings caused activatin in areas which play a rle in speech prcessing. In the bilingual-expsed babies, the recrdings similarly evked respnses in these areas, but they were larger and wider. These infants als had activatin in equivalent areas f their brains’ right hemispheres(半球). When the recrdings were then played backwards as a cntrl f the experiment, the infants expsed t just Spanish had larger respnses t the backward speech, while thse t Spanish and Basque had similar brain patterns as befre. This may be because the bilingual infants take lnger t recgnize their primary language, in this case Spanish, as hearing bth this and Basque reduces their verall expsure t either language.
If this is the case, it culd help them be sensitive t linguistic differences and enable them t learn t distinguish between languages at a yunger age. The researchers nte that a bilingual envirnment stimulates changes in the brain mechanisms underlying speech prcessing in yung infants, adding weight t the idea that the neural basis f learning tw r mre languages is established very early in life.
1. Why was the study cnducted?
A. T reveal the impact f bilingual expsure.
B. T cnfirm the pattern f brain mechanisms.
C. T cnclude the factrs fr speech prcessing.
D. T explre ptential fr language develpment.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Thery basis.B. Study methds.
C. Research findings.D. Technical assistance.
3. What can we learn frm the research?
A. Bilingual-expsed babies are mre sensitive.
B. Bilingual-expsed babies are mre linguistically sensible.
C. Bilingual-expsure reduces babies’ linguistic cmpetence.
D. Bilingual-expsure reduces babies’ verall language expsure.
4. Which f the fllwing statements might the researchers agree with?
A. Immigrants speak better languages.
B. Mixed-race families wn mre linguistic ptential.
C. Exchange students shw greater learning capabilities.
D. Overseas wrkers have higher language prficiency.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B
Passage 35(2024山东聊城一模,C) 主题：科技发展
Crwded streets, nise, and unattractive grey buildings can be bring and stressful. A slutin t such prblems may lie in nature, which can have calming and renewing pwer.
Intrducing vegetatin r clrful designs may make cities mre livable. Hwever, grwing plants r cvering buildings in paint t test these appraches is expensive and incnvenient. Mrever, studying these phenmena utdrs can be tricky, as many factrs can affect the final results. “Measuring pleasure and mtivatin in natural settings is extremely hard,” explained Prf. Yvnne Delevye-Turrell f the University f Lille. “Human reactins are sensitive t envirnmental changes, such as weather r traffic. Cnsequently, we used virtual reality t measure reactins t these factrs in a virtual urban space.”
Using virtual reality, the team created an immersive(沉浸式的) urban envirnment with either n vegetatin r sme green vegetatin, as well as intrducing clrful patterns nt a path. Then they invited students t participate in the study. Wearing a VR headset and walking n the spt, the students spent time explring the virtual envirnment. T find ut where the vlunteers were lking and fr hw lng, each headset included an eye tracker.
The researchers fund that the students walked mre slwly when there was green vegetatin present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased. They wuld spend less time lking at the grund and mre time bserving their surrundings. These results indicate a pleasurable experience. Clrful patterns alne did nt have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetatin, but they inspired interest and passin in the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.
Virtual reality culd be a valuable tl fr urban planners, enabling them t virtually test the impact f varius factrs. In the future, the researchers hpe t make the VR experience even mre immersive t btain the mst accurate results.
1. What des Delevye-Turrell think is difficult abut the slutin t bring city life?
A. Sensing peple’s reactins t pleasure.
B. Having reasnable designs fr buildings.
C. Applying VR technlgy t city planning.
D. Testing the effects in the real wrld.
2. Hw des virtual reality wrk in the study?
A. By creating an immersive virtual urban envirnment.
B. By inviting students t walk in the street.
C. By cvering the path with clrful patterns.
D. By creating virtual participants.
3. What can be inferred abut clrful patterns?
A. They guided students t find greens in real life.
B. They helped students cntrl their strng emtins.
C. They awakened students’ enthusiasm.
D. They weakened the impact f vegetatin.
4. What is the main idea f the text?
A. City buildings take pleasure away frm peple.
B. Nature empwers peple in special ways.
C. VR helps test the effect f clrful patterns and greens in cities.
D. Clrful patterns and greens in cities prmte human health.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
Passage 36(2024东北三省四市教研联合体一模,D) 主题：自然科学研究成果
German-brn physicist Albert Einstein is ne f the mst famus scientists f all time, the persnificatin f genius and the subject f a whle industry f schlarship. In The Einsteinian Revlutin, tw experts n Einstein’s life and his thery f relativity—Israeli physicist Hanch Gutfreund and German histrian f science Jürgen Renn—ffer an riginal and penetrating(犀利的) analysis f Einstein’s revlutinary cntributins t physics and ur view f the physical wrld.
Fr the first time ever, by setting Einstein’s wrk in the lng curse f the evlutin f scientific knwledge, Gutfreund and Renn discver the ppular miscnceptin f Einstein as an uncnventinal scientific genius wh single-handedly created mdern physics—and by pure thught alne.
As a large part f the bk explains, Einstein typically argued that science prgresses thrugh steady evlutin, nt thrugh a revlutinary break with the past. He saw his thery f relativity nt as smething frm scratch, but a natural extensin f classical physics develped by pineers such as Italian astrnmer Galile Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newtn in the sixteenth t eighteenth centuries, as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authrs highlight hw classical physics cannt be separated cleanly frm mdern Einsteinian physics. The bk als includes substantial sectins n Plish astrnmer Niclaus Cpernicus and Galile whse methds inspired Einstein. When Einstein cnsidered himself as standing n their shulders, he meant that, withut their cntributins, he wuld nt have frmulated(创立) the thery f relativity.
The Einsteinian Revlutin is an imprtant and thught-prvking cntributin t the schlarly literature n Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity. Gutfreund and Renn might nt have given the final answer as t why Einstein, f all peple, revlutinized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, t understand his genius, ne must take int accunt nt just the earlier histry f physics but als the histry f knwledge mre bradly. Althugh nt always an easy read, the bk will interest physicists and histrians alike.

1. What’s the attitude f Gutfreund and Renn t the ppular viewpint n Einstein?
A. Oppsing.B. Favrable.C. Ambiguus.D. Indifferent.
2. What des the underlined phrase “frm scratch” prbably mean?
A. Frm nthing.B. Up t a certain standard.
C. By learning frm thers.D. With previus knwledge.
3. What des the authr mean t say by mentining the famus physicists?
A. Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B. Their devtin t physics impressed Einstein.
C. Their research cntributed t Einstein’s success.
D. Their hard wrk deserved wrldwide respect.
4. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A guidebk t a curse.
B. An intrductin t a bk.
C. An essay n Albert Einstein.
D. A review f physics develpment.
答案
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B
题组三
Passage 37(2024安徽A10联盟质量检测,A) 主题：人与环境
Summer Day Camps
Jin the Envirnmental Learning Center(ELC) this summer fr adventure in the utdrs! We can’t wait t be part f yur summer!
1. What ability can yu learn frm The Wildness Week?
A. T interpret the singing f birds.
B. T experiment n wild animals.
C. T get alng with wild animals.
D. T survive well in the wild.
2. Which camp will prvide infrmatin relevant t wrking in the wild?
A. Outdr-lgists.B. Animal Antics.
C. The Wildness Week.D. Yung Experimenters.
3. Hw much will yu get if yu cancel yur reservatin fr Animal Antics n April 6?
A. $230.B. $180.C. $115.D. $50.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. B
Passage 38(2024江苏南通二模,D) 主题：文学
I’m a laypersn with a lve f science wh ccasinally reads science magazines. My apprach was frm an authr’s angle, spending mnths n research befre writing a single wrd fr Pig-Heart By.
S where did I get the idea? Whenever I attend a schl event, that questin is asked. The answer is simple. Back in the mid 1990s, I read a newspaper article written by a dctr wh guessed that we wuld eventually have t turn t xentransplantatin(异种器官移植) as a pssible slutin t the lack f human rgan dnrs. It left my mind filled with questins. What are the cnsequences? D we really have the right t treat animals as mere rgan surces fr humans? S I headed t my nearest bkshp and bught all the bks I culd n heart transplants in particular.
I’ve fund questins are ne f the best places t start frm when writing a nvel. In my stry, Camern, wh needs a heart transplant, knws he is unlikely t see his next birthday unless he receives ne, but he is a lng way dwn the waiting list. When a genetically mdified (GM) pig’s heart is ffered by a pineering dctr, Camern decides t g fr it—and his new heart cmpletely changes his life in unexpected ways.
Nw sme peple think that the subject matter is nt suitable fr children, criticizing the cruel and inhuman ways f xentransplantatin. I cmpletely disagree. As a children’s authr, it never ceases t amaze me hw sme adults underestimate what subject matter will interest and stimulate children. I wanted t write a stry that prvided n right r wrng answers, a stry that wuld allw the reader t walk in Camern’s shes fr a while and think abut what decisins they wuld make and hw they wuld react if they t were faced with his situatin.
Fictinal stries that explre new ideas when it cmes t STEM (science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics) subjects als have a part t play in enriching ur children’s reading and learning. Varius studies have shwn that reading fictin enhances ur children’s ability t grasp new cncepts. Pig-Heart By was my attempt t incrprate science int a believable, thught-prvking(令人深思的) stry.
1. Where did the authr get inspiratin frm t write Pig-Heart By?
A. A schl event.B. A news item.
C. Science magazines.D. Bks n heart transplants.
2. What might be a majr cncern f thse wh disagree with Pig-Heart By?
A. Animal rights.B. GM technlgy.
C. Organ transplant risks.D. Organ shrtage crisis.
3. What are the last tw paragraphs f the text mainly abut?
A. Ways f tapping children’s intelligence.
B. Ptential applicatin f fictinal stries.
C. Supprting evidence fr justifying the bk.
D. Influence f fictinal stries n STEM subjects.
4. What is Pig-Heart By?
A. An authr prfile.
B. A science fictin nvel.
C. A guidebk t xentransplantatin.
D. An essay n writing children’s literature.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
Passage 39(2024安徽安庆二模,C) 主题：生活方式
A middle-aged wman playing by herself in the snw is an undeniably dd sight, but maybe it shuldn’t be. New research suggests that mdern adults are suffering frm vermuch depressin, s play may be as essential t ur health as sleep.
It’s believed that adult play can lead t useful discveries, which is supprted by a study n Bali’s lng-tailed mnkeys. Fr her dctral paper at the University f Lethbridge, animal researcher Camilla Cenni left tw types f puzzle bxes fr the mnkeys t slve. T get the fd inside, they had t drp a rck int the cntainer r use it t hit the bx. She fund the mnkeys that previusly had been bserved drpping rcks fr fun were mre likely t slve the rck-drpping puzzle, while thse that had discvered the jy f tapping rcks tgether think f the answer t the tapping puzzle.
This finding als suggests that smewhere, deep in ur evlutinary histry, a playful prt-human(原始人) came up with the cncept f stne tls. “Even tday, the urge t play underlies mst f humanity’s greatest inventins, artwrks, and scientific breakthrughs,” play researcher Stuart Brwn says. “When I interviewed Nbel winners, I was struck by hw mst f them didn’t separate wrk and play. Their labs were their playgrunds.”
“The ppsite f play isn’t wrk; it’s depressin,” says Brwn. “Play is all abut lking at a tugh wrld with creativity and ptimism. It gives us the ability t cperate and get alng with peple wh differ frm us.” He ges s far as t declare that “adult play is necessary fr ur survival as a species.”
The next time I’m caught playing, I knw exactly what I’ll say: “I am nt wasting time, r acting immature. I’m playing fr the benefit f all humanity. Yu’re welcme.”
1. What is the phenmenn the authr describes at the beginning f the text?
A. Playing with snw is strange.
B. Wild nature is difficult t find.
C. Many peple are stressed ut.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
2. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The necessity f the study.
B. The imprtance f adult play.
C. Main activities f mnkeys.
D. Varius functins f a rck.
3. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining a playful prt-human?
A. T explain the cncept f play.
B. T cmpare tw research findings.
C. T highlight scientific breakthrughs.
D. T ffer sme backgrund infrmatin.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the authr in the last paragraph?
A. Humrus.B. Optimistic.C. Caring.D. Active.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
Passage 40(2024浙江台州二模,D) 主题：认识自我
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American husewives were dubtful. These mixes, prmising easy cake-baking, felt t easy. The manufacturers discvered that requiring the additin f an egg in the baking prcess was just enugh t make the husewives happy with their wrk. The great effrt gained frm a little extra labr is believed t have been essential t the later success f the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect(宜家效应), which is identified by psychlgist Michael I. Nrtn and his clleagues, suggesting we place greater value n things we have wrked t create. They cnducted fur studies in which they asked participants t fld paper cranes and frgs, assemble IKEA bxes, and build sets f Leg. They then asked the builders t bid(出价) fr their creatins, and cmpared the prices with bids frm peple wh hadn’t built them. The builders cnsistently utbid the nn-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect wrks even when peple have n pprtunity t fully persnalize their creatins. While mst participants’ flding skills left much t be desired, they lved their imperfectly persnalized prducts all the mre. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creatins nearly five times as much as nn-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye f the builder.
Tday, as cities are suffering frm severe husing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight int the well-being benefits f a self-building apprach t husing develpment. Prjects like WikiHuse and the “half-a-huse” apprach pineered by Alejandr Aravena’s architecture cmpany Elemental are wrking t make husing mre affrdable and sustainable by making it easier fr peple t build and persnalize their wn hmes.
“The mment peple are invlved with their built envirnment, they have a ttally different relatinship t it,” WikiHuse c-funder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the rf starts leaking r a dr starts creaking, they have the pwer t fix it themselves.”
1. What brught custmers the jy f cake-baking accrding t paragraph 1?
A. A better taste.B. An easy apprach.
C. A detailed recipe.D. An additinal effrt.
2. What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A. Creatins are based n skills.
B. Extra labr increases perceived value.
C. Beauty is fund thrugh cntrast.
D. Strict management brings gd quality.
3. What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude twards public invlvement in husing?
A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Dubtful.D. Supprtive.
4. What’s the purpse f this text?
A. T prmte a brand.B. T make a prpsal.
C. T explain a cncept.D. T intrduce a study.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C
题组四
Passage 41(2024江苏南通二模,A) 主题：旅游冒险
Ayung River Rafting
Abut the trip
Explre Ayung River Rafting, the lngest river rafting in Ayung River, white-water rafting! The river is classified t level Ⅱ t Ⅲ and yur rafting trip will be apprximately 2 hurs. Our friendly and experienced raft guides will take yu n a safe and fun trip. Yu’ll find a level f prfessinalism that ffers unique insights int Bali’s natural wnders and memrable experiences thrugh the rainfrest. Dn’t miss ut n this unfrgettable adventure that shwcases the beauty f Ayung River and the excitement and thrills f tackling the rapids f Ayung River.
Prices

Tips
•We suggest yu bring shrt pants r a swimsuit, a pair f changing clthes, sunscreen and extra mney fr drinks and suvenirs(纪念品).
•Steep rad lies at the beginning and at the end f the tur, please be ready t walk with reliable shes!
•Plastic bags fr wet clthes are available, but yu are advised t bring yur wn t reduce plastic use.
•Single-use raincats are available if it rains. Hwever, please bring yur wn t reduce plastic use.
1. What d we knw abut Ayung River Rafting?
A. It’s an exciting guided adventure.
B. It helps t cnserve the rainfrest.
C. It ffers unique insights int sciety.
D. It’s perated in the wrld’s fastest river.
2. What’s the charge fr an Ayung River Rafting Grup f 4 including Return Htel Transfer?
A. IDR 430.B. IDR 485.C. IDR 1940.D. IDR 2200.
3. What are the turists advised t wear n a walk?
A. Swimsuits.B. Strng shes.
C. Raincats.D. Wet clthes.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B
Passage 42(2024浙江绍兴二模,C) 主题：社会进步
T build a prsperus(繁荣的) sciety, a fundamental understanding f the mdern ecnmy as a driving frce in tday’s wrld is essential.
What kind f prsperity have we achieved s far? The widespread definitin f prsperity fcuses n ecnmic pwer and grwth as measures f success. Let’s take a lk at histry. The Secnd Industrial Revlutin enabled mass prductin and created a sufficient supply f gds. This has greatly increased the imprtance f mney in its rle as “a stre f value” and “a medium f exchange”. As a result, we have pursued ecnmic pwer as the nly indicatr f prsperity, such as GDP. Waves f glbalizatin and technlgical evlutin have prmted verall ecnmic grwth, but have allwed the few wh are strng t achieve greater pwer while expliting the many wh are weak. Cnsequently, inequality has wrsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path t a truly prsperus wrld requires a shift in fcus twards the mst suitable happiness fr all, in additin t ecnmic pwer. Defining happiness, hwever, is a cmplex task. What makes peple happy? The degree t which the same thing creates happiness differs frm persn t persn. Happiness is subjective and cmplicated. This is a wrld f “multiple values” where each f us determines wrth as ppsed t “ne fixed price” based merely n an ecnmic perspective. Individuals shuldn’t be defined by a single identity r rle but by multidimensinal nature as well as multiple rles making independent chices and taking actin fr their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pineers in pursuing nt nly ecnmic grwth but als the happiness f all citizens f sciety. Cmpanies can cntribute thrugh the pursuit f scial values as well as ecnmic prfit. At the heart f this lies “purpse”. A cmpany’s purpse defines the value it brings t sciety. The true wrth f a cmpany shuld be determined nt just by the returns it creates fr sharehlders but by the value it creates fr sciety as a whle.
1. What is the authr’s attitude t the widely accepted standard f prsperity?
A. Indifferent.B. Critical.C. Uncertain.D. Apprving.
2. What is the side effect f technlgical evlutin?
A. The slwer ecnmic grwth speed.
B. The sharp reductin f jb pprtunities.
C. The enlarged gap between the rich and the pr.
D. The increasing cnflict between different natins.
3. Which statement will the authr agree with accrding t the passage?
A. Happiness is changeable and beynd cntrl.
B. Happiness largely depends n ecnmic pwer.
C. The pursuit f prfit determines a cmpany’s true wrth.
D. A prsperus wrld shuld be measured by multiple values.
4. Wh are the main intended readers f the text?
A. Scial psychlgists.B. Enterprise administratrs.
C. Schl educatrs.D. Technlgical researchers.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B
Passage 43(2024湖南长沙新高考适应性考试,C) 主题：体育运动
Fr the rapidly decreasing number f Americans wh’ve never heard f pickleball, the little-knwn game is ne f America’s fastest-grwing sprts.
Invented in 1965 by three middle-aged fathers in Washingtn state, pickleball is an dd crss amng tennis, ping-png and badmintn, played with a paddle and a perfrated(穿孔的) plastic ball. The funders are said t have named the game after a family dg called Pickles.
Mst f pickleball’s cre players—thse wh play mre than eight times per year—are ver age 65, but the game is getting yunger, with the strngest grwth amng players under 55, accrding t USA Pickleball. But with s many new players, the US is struggling t keep up with the demand fr curts. The cuntry has nly abut 10,000 places t play, by USA Pickleball’s cunt, but that cntinues t grw by several dzen every mnth.
Pickleball is als fast becming a spectatr sprt(观赏性运动). Its first prfessinal turnament, the Prfessinal Pickleball Assciatin (PPA) Tur, was frmed in 2018 and the prfessinal players are being able t really becme celebrities in the sptlight. Traditinal bradcasters’ interest in the sprt is grwing. S far, pickleball fans can watch amateur and prfessinal matches n sprts r scial channels, mstly nline.
“The ability fr a sprt t find an audience quickly via scial media is unprecedented(前所未有的),” says Ben Shields, wh lectures at the MIT Slan Schl f Management and studies the sprts industry. Shields adds that pickleball still needs a famus star t draw in a wider audience, as has been the key t success fr ther sprts leagues—that als started with grassrts and unusual names. “I think if pickleball, in its wn humble way, can cntinue t grw its participatin and find ways t make the sprt an appealing fan prduct, wh knws, 10 r 20 years, it culd be a big cmpetitr in the glbal sprts industry.”
1. What d we knw abut the pickleball game frm the text?
A. It was named after a dg.
B. It was ppular amng yung kids.
C. It’s a crss between tennis and vlleyball.
D. It was invented by three rdinary wmen.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The playing time.B. The frm f matches.
C. The number f curts.D. The participatin rate.
3. Which best describes “a famus star” t pickleball accrding t Ben Shields?
A. Humble.B. Inflexible.C. Harmful.D. Influential.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Histry f Pickleball
B. The Grwing Ppularity f Pickleball
C. The Rise and Fall f Pickleball
D. The Rules f Playing Pickleball
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B
Passage 44(2024广东佛山一模,D) 主题：认识自我
Suppse yu cme acrss tw dctrs. One is handsme while the ther lks plain. Wh wuld yu trust with yur surgery? Mst peple wuld prbably want t get treated by the handsme ne. And mst peple are likely t be wrng abut that.
When yu lk at the sun, yu smetimes see it clearly. But smetimes yu’ll see it shining way bigger than its actual shape. That circle f light called a hal makes it lk bigger. This effect, knwn as the hal effect, als happens when a persn, prduct, r cmpany shines like the sun. Then we dn’t see them clearly and assciate all srts f unrelated qualities with them.
The hal effect was nce studied by the psychlgist Edward Thrndike, wh asked flight cmmanders t evaluate their pilts in varius distinct aspects such as physical appearance, intelligence, and leadership. He fund that the pilts wh gt high scres fr their physical appearance, als gt rated high n intelligence and leadership skills—a link that seemed wrng. It appears that the cmmanders were unable t evaluate specific qualities independently f thers. They thught f their pilts in brad terms, either “gd” r “bad”, and allwed this general feeling t influence the specific qualities they credited t their pilts. Sme pilts prfited frm their hal.
The hal effect als explains why sme teachers give better-lking students higher grades. One study lked at the grades f 4,500 pupils, wh were srted by vlunteers int three grups: belw-average, average, and abve-average lking. The researchers then cmpared students’ grades between classes taken in cnventinal classrms and thse taken nline where there was n face-t-face interactin. The researchers fund that students wh were rated as gd-lking earned significantly lwer grades in nline curses cmpared t cnventinal classrms.
Since the physical appearance f gd-lking peple seems t naturally make them als appear intelligent, strng, and trustwrthy, here is ne gd rule. If yu meet with an accident and have t chse between tw equally qualified dctrs, ignre their hal and chse the less handsme ne. He might have wrked twice as hard t gain the same reputatin and is likely better at his jb.
1. What is the purpse f the secnd paragraph?
A. T explre a natural wnder.
B. T spread scientific knwledge.
C. T explain a psychlgical tendency.
D. T interpret scial rules at the wrkplace.
2. Hw did the cmmanders tend t evaluate their pilts in Thrndike’s study?
A. In a general way.B. With cmmn sense.
C. Frm a specific aspect.D. By an bjective criterin.
3. What des the 4,500-pupil study find abut better-lking students?
A. They were fairly treated by their teachers.
B. They were less attentive in nline curses.
C. They prbably had natural learning abilities.
D. They were vervalued in cnventinal classes.
4. What can be learned abut the hal effect?
A. It relieves appearance anxiety.
B. It leads t inaccurate judgments.
C. It causes trust crisis amng peple.
D. It intensifies wrkplace cmpetitin.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
题组五
Passage 45(2024浙江台州二模,A) 主题：丰富自我
Students t Cmpete in 34th Natinal Science Bwl?
Thusands f students frm middle and high schls acrss the cuntry have cmmitted themselves t extra study hurs as they prepare t cmpete in the Department f Energy’s (DOE’s) 34th Natinal Science Bwl?(NSB). These students are hard at wrk nw t win their reginal cmpetitins, hping t advance t the final cmpetitin.
The first reginal event will take place n January 13th with high schls frm the area. Teams will face ff in a fast-paced, questin-and-answer frmat, and their knwledge in all areas f science and mathematics will be tested. Reginals will cntinue weekly until mid-March.
The winning team frm each qualifying reginal cmpetitin will be qualified t cmpete in the Natinal Finals t be held in Washingtn,D.C., frm April 25-29, with all expenses paid by DOE. The natinal event cnsists f several days f science activities and sightseeing, alng with the cmpetitins.
In the Natinal Finals, the tp tw teams will earn $5,000 fr their schls’ math and science departments. Schls ranking in the tp 16 will receive $1,000 fr their science departments. But t many, the ultimate prize is simply the hnr f winning the Natinal Champinship.
Tday, the NSB annually draws abut 10,000 middle and high schl cmpetitrs. Since the first cmpetitin in 1991, apprximately 344,000 students have faced ff in the NSB. The 2024 cmpetitrs will fllw in the ftsteps f previus NSB cntestants and will blaze a trail fr students in science, math, and engineering. Fr mre infrmatin, please visit the Office f Science website.
1. Which wrd can best describe the reginal cmpetitins?
A. Fair.B. Interesting.C. Special.D. Challenging.
2. What can we learn abut the Natinal Finals?
A. The champinship victry is highly valued.
B. The event nly invlves fierce cmpetitins.
C. Mst f the expenses will be cvered by DOE.
D. The prize mney will be awarded t individuals.
3. What is the text?
A. A news release.B. A survey reprt.
C. A learning prject.D. A scientific review.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. A
Passage 46(2024江苏泰州一模,D) 主题：科技发展
A satellite is an bject in space that rbits arund anther. It has tw kinds—natural satellites and artificial satellites. The mn is a natural satellite that mves arund the earth while artificial satellites are thse made by man.
Despite their widespread impact n daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend n cmplicated makeup. On the utside, they may lk like a wheel, equipped with slar panels r sails. Inside, the satellites cntain missin-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tls the satellites need t perfrm their wrk. Amng them, high-reslutin cameras and cmmunicatin electrnics are typical nes. Besides, the part that carries the lad and hlds all the parts tgether is called the bus.
Artificial satellites perate in a systematic way just like humans. Cmputers functin as the satellite’s brain, which receive infrmatin, interpret it, and send messages back t the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve as the satellite’s eyes. Sensrs are ther imprtant parts that nt nly recgnize light, heat, and gases, but als recrd changes in what is being bserved. Radis n the satellite send infrmatin back t the earth. Slar panels prvide electric pwer fr the cmputers and ther equipment, as well as the pwer t mve the satellite frward.
Artificial satellites use gravity t stay in their rbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything tward the center f the planet. T stay in the earth’s rbit, the speed f a satellite must adjust t the tiniest changes in the pull f gravity. The satellite’s speed wrks against earth’s gravity just enugh s that it desn’t g speeding int space r falling back t the earth.
Rckets carry satellites t different types and heights f rbits, based n the tasks they need t perfrm. Satellites clser t the earth are in lw-earth rbit, which can be 120-1,200 miles high. The clser t the earth, the strnger the gravity is. Therefre, these satellites must travel at abut 17,000 miles per hur t keep frm falling back t the earth, while higher-rbiting satellites can travel mre slwly.
1. What is Paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The appearance f artificial satellites.
B. The cmpnents f artificial satellites.
C. The basic functin f artificial satellites.
D. The specific missin f artificial satellites.
2. What is the rle f cmputers in artificial satellites?
A. Prviding electric pwer.
B. Recrding changes bserved.
C. Mnitring space envirnment.
D. Prcessing infrmatin received.
3. Hw d artificial satellites stay in their rbits?
A. By relying n pwerful rckets t get ut f gravity.
B. By rbiting at a fixed speed regardless f gravity’s pull.
C. By changing speed cnstantly based n the pull f gravity.
D. By resisting the pull f gravity with advanced technlgies.
4. Why d satellites in higher-earth rbit travel mre slwly?
A. They are mre affected by earth’s gravity.
B. They take advantage f rckets mre effectively.
C. They feel weaker pull f gravity in higher rbits.
D. They are equipped with mre advanced instruments.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
Passage 47(2024江苏南京、盐城二模,D) 主题：完善自我
“Anxiety.” The very wrd invites discmfrt. Its effects—shrtness f breath, the punding heart, muscle tensin—are utright upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend t miss ut n many valuable pprtunities presented by this human emtin. In and f itself, anxiety is nt deadly, nr is it a disease. Quite the cntrary: it is an indicatr f brain and sensry health. Once we accept that it is a nrmal, thugh uncmfrtable, part f life, we can use it t help us.
We all knw wrking ut at the gym is hard. By its nature, a gd wrkut is uncmfrtable, since it invlves pushing ur physical strength past what we can easily d. The sweet spt f exercise is always a smewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if yu want t be emtinally strnger, yu need t face sme tensin. Fr example, ne effective treatment fr fear is expsure therapy(疗法), which invlves gradually encuntering things that make ne anxius, reducing fear ver time.
Humans are scial creatures. When my patients learn t pen up t their partners abut their anxieties, they almst always reprt a greater sense f emtinal clseness. Als, as internatinal relatinship expert Sue Jhnsn teaches, when we express ur need fr cnnectin during challenging mments (e.g. “I’m having a hard time right nw and culd really use yur supprt”), it creates greater cnnectin and turns ur anxiety int lve.
Frm time t time, we find urselves at the end f ur rpe. Our respnsibilities pile up, ur resurces break dwn, and we feel uncmfrtably anxius—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upn us utweigh ur available resurces, just like a set f scales(天平) ging ut f balance. Fcusing n wrk and pretending everything is OK nly leads t disastrus results. Medical treatment fr stress may functin fr a while, but it tends t make things wrse in the lng run. The nly slutin t stress is t d the mathematics t balance the scales.
1. What des the authr say abut anxiety?
A. It is an invitatin t diseases.
B. It indicates stable mental health.
C. It csts us many valuable chances.
D. It is a natural emtinal expressin.
2. Why des the authr mentin “a gd wrkut” in paragraph 2?
A. T prve hw exercise influences emtins.
B. T suggest an effective way t challenge limits.
C. T explain hw anxiety builds emtinal strength.
D. T shw a psitive cnnectin between mind and bdy.
3. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The key t clseness is partners’ supprt.
B. Sharing anxieties imprves relatinships.
C. Humans are defined by their scial nature.
D. Expressing feelings keeps us ff anxieties.
4. Accrding t the last paragraph, hw can we deal with stress?
A. Devte mre energy t ur wrk.
B. Increase resurces available t us.
C. Seek prfessinal medical treatment.
D. Master advanced mathematical skills.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B
Passage 48(2024江苏苏锡常镇四市一模,D) 主题：动物保护
New research shws that remving black rhins’ hrns(犀牛角) t make them less attractive t illegal hunters is reducing their territry(领地) sizes and making them less sciable with each ther.
The study, published in the jurnal PNAS, fund that de-hrned Suth African rhins have hme ranges that are 45 percent smaller than thse f cmplete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely t engage in scial interactins.
“The big, dminant bulls that used t have very large territries that verlapped with a lt f females may nw have much less territry and much less reprductive(繁殖的) success,” says Vanessa Duthé, wh led the wrk at Switzerland’s University f Neuchâtel.
“It’s really hard t predict the effects f this,” she says. “It desn’t mean that ppulatin success will necessarily decline, because it might pen up gaps fr yunger males that wuld nt have had the space r the means befre.” Indeed, a University f Bristl study published last year shwed that de-hrning des nt negatively affect ppulatins verall.
But such unintended behaviral cnsequences necessarily feed int judgments abut whether this highly invasive prcedure is wrthwhile. Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way. “N ne’s put all the data tgether t say whether it’s a really effective measure,” says Duthé.
“What is clear is that the intrductin f de-hrning and a decline in illegal hunting has ccurred at the same time,” she adds. “But de-hrning has been accmpanied by ther cnservatin measures that may be mre effective.”
“It’s incredibly cmplicated,” says Lucy Chimes, a member f the Bristl team. “There are s many ther factrs invlved. Yu have t cnsider what ther security measures are being carried ut—fencing, patrls, staff numbers—and pverty levels surrunding parks, their nearness t natinal brders and whether there is cmmunity engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a prject that aims t separate these and ther factrs. In the meantime, Duthé believes that de-hrning is a wrthwhile tl f last curse f actin. “A rhin that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhin.”
1. What is the purpse f remving the hrns f black rhins?
A. T make them less sciable.
B. T prtect them frm being hunted.
C. T reduce their hme ranges.
D. T affect their reprductive success.
2. What des the underlined phrase “invasive prcedure” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The remval f rhin hrns.
B. The lss f rhin territries.
C. The impact n rhin ppulatin.
D. The change f rhin behavir.
3. What is Chimes’ attitude tward the de-hrning f black rhins?
A. Supprtive.B. Oppsed.
C. Uncncerned.D. Uncertain.
4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. De-hrning rhins shws satisfying effects.
B. Varius factrs lead t the decline in illegal hunting.
C. De-hrning is the last actin researchers will take.
D. Rhins are suppsed t behave a little bit strangely.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B
Time
Meeting Lcatin
Sunday, Jan. 15
10:00 am-1:00 pm
Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22
10:00 am-2:30 pm
Stinsn Beach Parking Lt
Sunday, Jan. 29
9:30 am-2:30 pm
Cyte Ridge Trailhead
Hand Brake,
Three Gears
Ft Brake,
N Gears
1 hur
7.50
5.00
3 hurs
11.00
7.50
1 day(24 hurs)
14.75
9.75
Each additinal day
8.00
6.00
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c. 1322) highlights the suspicin that wmen practicing medicine faced. Brn t a Jewish family in Flrence, she mved t Paris where she wrked as a physician and perfrmed surgery. In 1322 she was tried fr practicing unlawfully. In spite f the curt hearing testimnials(证明) f her ability as a dctr, she was banned frm medicine.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was brn Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University t study medicine. She qualified as a surgen in 1813, then jined the British Army, serving verseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical prfessin living and wrking as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician wh learned her skills frm her grandparents. Chinese wmen at the time culd nt serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with dctrs. Hwever, Tan passed the fficial exam. Tan treated wmen frm all walks f life. In 1511, Tan wrte a bk, Sayings f a Female Dctr, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Mike Shepherd
(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter’s evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black-and-white image(图像).
Timthy Smith
(2014)
Macclesfield
Frest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle, a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.
Yung Experimenters
June 17-21
$200
Participate in hands-n experiments frm envirnmental disciplines f science. By using the scientific methd, recrding data and running experiments, students will study and cnnect with the natural wrld.
The Wildness Week
June 24-28
$220
D yu knw hw t catch a fish, where t find frgs r hw t cpy the call f a red-winged blackbird? D yu want t learn hw t find pure water and build a temprary living place? We’ll give yu the utdr skills t discver the hidden wnders f nature.
Animal Antics
July 8-12
$230
Frm the cmmn squirrel t the mysterius wind scrpin, the ELC is hme t an abundance f wildlife. We’ll spend the week studying them thrugh explratin, bservatin and experimentatin.
Outdr-lgists
July 22-26
$260
Ever wnder what it takes t spend a career ut in nature? This week f camp will fcus n learning abut all the different srts f peple wh wrk utside.
Refund Plicy
Cancellatins made n r prir t March 20 will be refunded at 100%. Cancellatins made between March 21 and April 17 will lse the $50 depsit. After April 17 and up t tw weeks prir t the first day f camp, a 50% refund will be given. After tw weeks prir, n refunds will be given.
Ayung River Rafting Packages
Price
Ayung River Rafting Own Transprt
IDR 350/Persn
Ayung River Rafting Grup f 2, including Return Htel Transfer
IDR 550/Persn
Ayung River Rafting Grup f 3-4, including Return Htel Transfer
IDR 485/Persn
Ayung River Rafting Grup f 5+, including Return Htel Transfer
IDR 430/Persn
Time
Meeting Lcatin
Sunday, Jan. 15
10:00 am-1:00 pm
Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22
10:00 am-2:30 pm
Stinsn Beach Parking Lt
Sunday, Jan. 29
9:30 am-2:30 pm
Cyte Ridge Trailhead
Hand Brake,
Three Gears
Ft Brake,
N Gears
1 hur
7.50
5.00
3 hurs
11.00
7.50
1 day(24 hurs)
14.75
9.75
Each additinal day
8.00
6.00
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c. 1322) highlights the suspicin that wmen practicing medicine faced. Brn t a Jewish family in Flrence, she mved t Paris where she wrked as a physician and perfrmed surgery. In 1322 she was tried fr practicing unlawfully. In spite f the curt hearing testimnials(证明) f her ability as a dctr, she was banned frm medicine.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was brn Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University t study medicine. She qualified as a surgen in 1813, then jined the British Army, serving verseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical prfessin living and wrking as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician wh learned her skills frm her grandparents. Chinese wmen at the time culd nt serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with dctrs. Hwever, Tan passed the fficial exam. Tan treated wmen frm all walks f life. In 1511, Tan wrte a bk, Sayings f a Female Dctr, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn’s Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Mike Shepherd
(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter’s evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black-and-white image(图像).
Timthy Smith
(2014)
Macclesfield
Frest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle, a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.
Yung Experimenters
June 17-21
$200
Participate in hands-n experiments frm envirnmental disciplines f science. By using the scientific methd, recrding data and running experiments, students will study and cnnect with the natural wrld.
The Wildness Week
June 24-28
$220
D yu knw hw t catch a fish, where t find frgs r hw t cpy the call f a red-winged blackbird? D yu want t learn hw t find pure water and build a temprary living place? We’ll give yu the utdr skills t discver the hidden wnders f nature.
Animal Antics
July 8-12
$230
Frm the cmmn squirrel t the mysterius wind scrpin, the ELC is hme t an abundance f wildlife. We’ll spend the week studying them thrugh explratin, bservatin and experimentatin.
Outdr-lgists
July 22-26
$260
Ever wnder what it takes t spend a career ut in nature? This week f camp will fcus n learning abut all the different srts f peple wh wrk utside.
Refund Plicy
Cancellatins made n r prir t March 20 will be refunded at 100%. Cancellatins made between March 21 and April 17 will lse the $50 depsit. After April 17 and up t tw weeks prir t the first day f camp, a 50% refund will be given. After tw weeks prir, n refunds will be given.
Ayung River Rafting Packages
Price
Ayung River Rafting Own Transprt
IDR 350/Persn
Ayung River Rafting Grup f 2, including Return Htel Transfer
IDR 550/Persn
Ayung River Rafting Grup f 3-4, including Return Htel Transfer
IDR 485/Persn
Ayung River Rafting Grup f 5+, including Return Htel Transfer
IDR 430/Persn