专题01 语法填空之有提示词填空（课件）-2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练（新高考通用）

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提示词是动词考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse 60 (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；(3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。
1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词一般现在时nw, tday, nwadays, every year, usually等一般过去时yesterday, last week, in 2021, the ther day, tw years ag, previusly等一般将来时next year, in the future, sn, tmrrw等现在进行时nw, at present, at this mment等现在完成时since＋时间点，in/ver the past... years, in recent years, fr＋时间段， s far等过去完成时by then, by the end f ..., when/befre/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, r, rather than, neither... nr..., nt nly... but als...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。3.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
4.根据常用句式定时态(1)was/were ding... when...＋一般过去时(2)was/were abut t d... when...＋一般过去时(3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时(4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时(5)N sner had＋主语＋dne... than＋一般过去时(6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋dne... when＋一般过去时(7)It will be＋时间段＋befre＋一般现在时
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。 (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。 (3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。2.主动表被动(1)当feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容词时； (2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
提示词是动词考查非谓语动词
【典例】(2024·新高考II卷)_____44______ (recall)watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin.
1．寻找线索(1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。
2．解题指导(1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式：①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用t d; 表出乎意料的结果，用nly t d; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用ding。②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用t be dne; 表动作已经发生，用dne。
1．寻找线索(1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。(2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。2．解题指导(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。(3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。
1．寻找线索非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, becme, get, seem, appear, lk, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。2．解题指导(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
1．寻找线索动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构：(1)介词(如by, fr, f, with, withut, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意t的身份识别。(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allw, avid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustmed t, be devted t, lead t, bject t等。(3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, ffer, hpe, prmise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。2．解题指导(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
1．寻找线索主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(ding)和动词不定式(t d)都可充当主语。2．解题指导(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用ding还是t d作主语。(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用ding，表具体某一次的动作用t d。(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型：①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/pssible/kind等)(＋fr/f sb)＋t d sth②It's n use/n gd/n fun/a pleasure/n pleasure/a waste f time ding sth ③It takes sb＋sme time/mney＋t d sth
1．寻找线索动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。(1)不定式作宾补：allw, ask, beg, cmmand, encurage, expect, frbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb t d sth。(2)have sb/sth ding “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth dne “使某人/某物被……”。(3)with复合结构①with＋宾语＋t d，表示动作还未发生；②with＋宾语＋ding，表示主动、动作正在进行；③with＋宾语＋dne，表示被动、动作已完成。
2．解题指导(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。(2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。(3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
提示词为动词考查转换为名词或形容词
【典例】(2024·新高考I卷)These sepals pen n warm days t give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cld weather, the structure stays 59 (clse) t prtect the plants.
提示词为名词考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
【典例】(2023新高考I卷)These plants included mdern Western________ (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
提示词为形容词、副词考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)Yellwstne was the 49 （large）United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, which became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
1．寻找线索(1)通常设置在名词之前、动词之后，或句首、句尾。(2)形容词变副词规律①以­e结尾的形容词，一般不去e，直接加­ly：immediate→immediately, brave →bravely, plite →plitely, wise →wisely。②一些以­e结尾的形容词，去e加­(l)y：true → truly, simple → simply, gentle → gently, pssible → pssibly。③“辅音字母＋­y”结尾，变y为i，再加­ly：happy → happily, easy → easily。④以­ic结尾的形容词，加­ally：ecnmic → ecnmically, basic → basically。
2．解题指导(1)形容词、副词的词性转化①分析句子结构，发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词；②若空处作定语、表语，应考虑填形容词形式；③若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，应考虑填副词形式；④若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。(2)形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词。根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定表示否定意义时，添加否定前缀(un­， im­， dis­等)或否定后缀(­less)变为反义词。(3)利用标志词或隐含信息把形容词、副词转化为比较级、最高级。
提示词为代词考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
【典例】(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved fr all peple f the natin t enjy - as a natinal park.
提示词为基数词考查其序数词或其他形式
【典例】(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the 62 (six) century, B. C.
①一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i，再加e t h。③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内，具体见下表。ne—first tw—secnd three—third fur—furth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth furteen—furteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth frty—frtieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
①分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。②表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s＋整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。③当hundred, thusand, millin, billin前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a few修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billin years。④“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右，是语法填空的重点考查内容，掌握了有提示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。策略：1.看提示词的哪种词类； 2.根据词类定填空的方向，从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法，这是解题关键。
（2025·江西省吉安市六校协作体高三联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Caviar (鱼子酱) is a term 1 (use)t describe fish eggs f sturgen (鲟鱼). It is smetimes attached t the eggs f ther fish 2 (categry). There are three kinds f Caspian Sea caviar, each f 3 was named after the types f sturgen that prduces it. Sevruga, frm the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 4______ (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, frm a bigger fish, is larger-grained, ften paler, with a “rich, almst, fruity r earthy flavr”. Beluga is frm the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 5 (have) a delicate flavr. Caviar is a staple (主食) f Russian cuisine and is traditinally enjyed n New Year’s Eve. In the ld days caviar 6 (be) a staple, nt a luxury. Wrks frm the early 18th century make a descriptin that caviar was sld n street crners.An egg-filled sturgen frm the Caspian Sea is regarded as ne f the wrld’s mst 7 (value) fishes. The caviar frm a quality sturgen can sell 8 several hundred dllars an unce. The eggs frm a single white sturgen can fetch mre than $100,000. Caviar can vary in clr frm black t pale grey t gld and even ivry. If it 9 (dry), refrigerated and prperly stred at -2℃, it can stay gd fr 18 mnths.Russians like eating caviar n thickly-buttered tast r bread. In the early 2000s, wrld caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices dubled and internatinal authrities tried t crack dwn n fake by carrying ut 10 labeling system.
categries
intensely
valuable
（2025·江西省吉安市六校协作体高三联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Caviar (鱼子酱) is a term 1 (use)t describe fish eggs f sturgen (鲟鱼). It is smetimes attached t the eggs f ther fish 2 (categry). There are three kinds f Caspian Sea caviar, each f 3 was named after the types f sturgen that prduces it. Sevruga, frm the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 4______ (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, frm a bigger fish, is larger-grained, ften paler, with a “rich, almst, fruity r earthy flavr”. Beluga is frm the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 5 (have) a delicate flavr. Caviar is a staple (主食) f Russian cuisine and is traditinally enjyed n New Year’s Eve. In the ld days caviar 6 (be) a staple, nt a luxury. Wrks frm the early 18th century make a descriptin that caviar was sld n street crners.An egg-filled sturgen frm the Caspian Sea is regarded as ne f the wrld’s mst 7 (value) fishes. The caviar frm a quality sturgen can sell 8 several hundred dllars an unce. The eggs frm a single white sturgen can fetch mre than $100,000. Caviar can vary in clr frm black t pale grey t gld and even ivry. If it 9 (dry), refrigerated and prperly stred at -2℃, it can stay gd fr 18 mnths.Russians like eating caviar n thickly-buttered tast r bread. In the early 2000s, wrld caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices dubled and internatinal authrities tried t crack dwn n fake by carrying ut 10 labeling system.
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会话题：介绍鱼子酱
sell fr…“售价为……”