北师大版(2019)高中英语 必修三 unit9 知识清单 教师版 （素材）

这是一份北师大版(2019)高中英语 必修三 unit9 知识清单 教师版 （素材），共26页。
必修第三册 UNIT 9　LEARNING目标导航知识精讲1　 reflect vi.& vt.反映；反射；仔细思考；表达(意见)；沉思(教材P52)　to reflect on思考The sunlight reflected off the snow­covered mountains.阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。His image was reflected many times in the mirror.他的影像在那面镜子里多次反射出来。[知识拓展](1)reflect sb./ sth.in sth. 映出；反映reflect on/upon 仔细想；考虑；反省reflect that... 思考……(2)reflection n. 反映；反射；映像； 沉思；深思；思考a reflection on... 反映了……on reflection 经再三思考2　 argue vi.争论，争吵；论证；证明(教材P52)　Argue with your inner voice与你内心的声音争论We're always arguing with each other.我们总是互相争论。He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.他表明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。[知识拓展](1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue for/against sth. 为支持/反对某事而辩论argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事(2)argument n. 理由；论据；争论beyond argument 无需争论have an argument with...over/about 就……和……争论get into an argument with 和……争论3　assume vt.认为；假定，假设；承担(责任)(教材P52)　Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们暂时假设计划成功。People assume they know me through and through the moment we meet.人们一见到我，就自以为对我了如指掌了。[知识拓展](1)assume＋n.＋(to be)n./adj.　 认为……是……It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为……(2)assumption n. 假定，假设make assumptions about... 假定……on the assumption that... 假定……(3)assuming (that)...＝supposing (that)... 假定……4　 end up doing最后；最终(教材P53)　Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you don't want.如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.如果你总是屈服于人，你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包。[知识拓展]end up　　　　　　　　 结束；告终end up with 以……结束，以……告终end up as 最后成为[名师点津]end up后面可以跟形容词、介词短语动词­ing形式作状语。5　 work out制定出；锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；弄懂某事物；进展(教材P53)　The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。To work out a plan，one has to start with investigation.制定计划要从调研入手。The price per pound works out at ￡3.20.每磅价格合计3.20英镑。[知识拓展]work at　　　　　　　　 从事；致力于，钻研work for 为……工作，为……做事work off 除去；解除work on 继续工作；影响；从事work over 检查；研究work with 与……共事，与……合作6　 attempt v．& n．尝试；试图；努力(教材P53)　They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.他们努力从在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。I will attempt to answer all your questions.我将努力回答你的全部问题。[知识拓展](1)attempt to do sth.　 试图/努力做某事attempt doing sth. 试着做某事(2)at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试in an attempt to do(sth.) 试图做某事make an/no attempt to do(sth.) 企图做某事/没有做某事的企图7　 base n．基础；以……为根据；根基；底座；源泉vt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在(教材P53)　Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。But if we want to base action on evidence and answers，we are only at the start.但如果我们想以证据和答案作为行动基础，这才刚刚开始。[知识拓展](1)base...on/upon...　　 把……建立在……；以……为根据be based on/upon 以……为根据/基础(2)basis n. 基础；原因；基准，准则on the basis of... 在……基础上(3)basic adj. 基础的；基本的8　 exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存(教材P53)　So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。The problem only exists in your head，Jane.这个问题不过是你的想象，简。They can't exist on the money he's earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。[知识拓展](1)exist in　　　 存在于……之中exist on＝live on 靠……为生There exist... 有……，存在……(2)existence n. 存在；生存in existence 存在out of existence 消失come into existence 出现，产生bring into existence 使……出现/产生9　 ignore vt.忽视；置之不理；不理会，不顾(教材P53)　They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.我提了个建议，但他们不予理会。The government had ignored his views on the subject. 政府没有理睬他对这一问题的看法。[知识拓展](1)ignorant adj.　　 　 (对某事物)不了解的；无知的be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道/没有意识到某事(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事10　 impression n．印象；感想(教材P53)　Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。It made a very forceful impression on me.它给我留下深刻的印象。What were your first impressions of college?你对大学的第一印象是什么？[知识拓展](1)have/get a good/bad/deep impression on对……有好的/坏的/深刻的印象leave/make a good/bad/deep impression on给……留下好的/坏的/深刻的印象(2)impress vt. 给……留下印象；印上impress sb.with sth. 使某人铭记某事；用……打动be impressed with... 对……印象深刻impress sth.on sth./sb./one's mind 把某物印在某物上/使某人铭记某事(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的11　部分否定(教材P52)　But this isn't always true.但这并不总是真的。[句式分析]eq \x(not和always连用，表示“并不总是”，是部分否定。)The world is not always what we wish it to be.世界并不总是如我们所愿。I don't always stay at the same hotel.我并不总住在同一家旅馆。[知识拓展]部分否定：某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both和形容词whole，every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，entirely，wholly，quite等也是如此。12　祈使句＋and＋陈述句(教材P53)　Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。[句式分析]本句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件或假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句；陈述句表示结果或推论。and表示递进关系，含有“那么”之意。Hurry up，and you will catch the bus.快点，你就会赶上那班公共汽车。Work hard and you will succeed.努力工作你就会成功。[知识拓展]祈使句＋and ＋简单句祈使句＋or＋简单句名词短语＋and＋简单句13　 simplified adj.简化了的(教材P56)　to read simplified classic works阅读简化了的作品Last night，the president presented a shorter，simplified version of his speech.昨晚，总统发表了一番更加简短明了的演讲。Millions of people want new，simplified ways of interacting with a computer.数以百万计的人们想要新的简化方式实现人机交互。[知识拓展]simple adj.　　　　　 简单的；朴素的simplify vt. 简化simplification n. 简化；单纯化simply adv. 简单地；朴素地14　 arrangement n．计划；安排；整理(教材P58)　facts and arrangements事实和安排If you are agreeable，my husband's office will make all the necessary arrangements.如果你同意，我丈夫的事务所将作出所有必要的安排。We made arrangements with them to meet in a week.我们和他们约定一星期内见面。[知识拓展](1)make an arrangement　 筹备；安排(2)arrange vt. 安排；整理；筹备arrange (for) sth. 安排……；协商……arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事arrange (with sb.) to do sth. 安排(与某人)做某事15 as a result结果；因此(教材P58)　As a result，we remember them much better，as retelling events helps fix experiences in our memories.因此，我们会更好地记住它们，因为复述事件有助于巩固我们记忆中的经历。As a result，they rarely collect data，or only after a problem has been detected.结果，它们很少收集数据，或者只在检测到问题后才收集数据。As a result，software built for one will not easily run on the other.结果是，为某个平台开发的软件不易于在另一个平台运行。[知识拓展]as a result of　　　　 由于result in 导致，造成result from 由于；由……引起16 sharp adj.急剧的；猛烈的；尖的，锋利的；敏锐的(教材P59)　According to him，the sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.据他说，最严重的失忆发生在学习后的早期。With a sharp knife，make diagonal slashes in the chicken breast.用锋利的刀子斜着切开鸡胸脯。His nose was thin and sharp.他的鼻子又细又尖。[知识拓展]sharp call/corner/turn　 尖叫/尖角/急转弯look sharp 看上去很精神；注意sharply adv. 急剧地；锐利地sharpen vt. 削尖；使锋利17 significantly adv.显著地；重大地(教材P59)　This means timely review during this period，with a few revisits to what is learnt，can significantly help us to remember the information.这意味着在这段时间内及时复习，再复习一下所学的知识，可以大大帮助我们记住这些信息。The two sets of figures are not significantly different.这两组数字没有明显差别。The French entente with Great Britain had already been significantly extended.法国和英国之间友好协议的范围已经大幅度拓宽。[知识拓展](1)significant adj.　 有意义的，显著的，意味深长的a significant look/smile 意味深长的表情/微笑(2)significance n. 重要性；意义be of no/great significance 无关紧要的/意义重大的18 recommend vt.推荐，介绍；建议，劝告(教材P108)　I would recommend that you try simplified classic literature，such as short stories and novels rewritten in simple English.我建议你试试简单的经典文学作品，比如用易于理解的英语重写的短篇故事和小说。I recommend the book to all my students.我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。The report recommended a 10% pay increase.报告提议工资增加10%。[知识拓展](1)eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(recommend sth.to sb.,recommend sb.sth.)) 向某人推荐某物recommend sb.for... 推荐某人做(某职位)recommend sb.as... 推荐某人为……(2)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend that sb.(should)do 建议……(从句用虚拟语气)19 effectively adv.有效地(教材P108)...I'm sure you can learn English effectively.……我相信你能有效地学习英语。The company must reduce costs to compete effectively.公司要有效地参与竞争必须降低成本。You dealt with the situation very effectively.你应付那种局面很有一套。[知识拓展](1)effect n．　　　 效果，作用；影响in effect 实际上；事实上be of no effect 无效；没有作用put/bring...into effect 实施；使生效come into effect 开始生效；开始实施have an effect on 对……产生影响take effect 见效；开始实施(2)effective adj. 有效的20　this is because...“这是因为……”(教材P58)　This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时，我们常常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。[句式分析]句中This is because...意为“这是因为……”，其中because引导的从句在句中作表语，This有时可用It/That替换，指代上文提到的事实。I believe this is because I never loved him.我相信这是因为我从来没有爱过他。This is because it requires each member of the team to think differently.这是因为它要求小组内的每个成员的想法都不同。[知识拓展]That's why...　　 “那是……的原因”，why后接结果。That's because... “那是因为……”，because后接原因。The reason why...is that... “……的理由是……”，reason作主语时表 语从句用that引导。The reason that/which...is that... ……的理由是……(that/which引导定语从句)语法精讲v．­ing或不定式作宾语[观察例句]1．I want to have a walk after supper.2．He considered it his duty to support his family.3．She doesn't know how to run the machine.4．I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday.5．Before class，you will be asked to stop talking and smoking.6．Would you mind opening the window for me?[归纳用法]1．下列动词常接不定式作宾语三个希望两答应(hope，wish，want，agree，promise)两个要求莫拒绝 (demand，ask，refuse)设法学会做决定 (manage，learn，decide)不要假装在选择 (pretend，choose)They agreed to give it to me the next day.They hope to find new resources for mankind.I demand to see your director.I happened to know the answer to your question.To my disappointment，my father doesn't agree to buy me a new bike.单句语法填空①I expected (meet) your friend，but my car broke down on the way.②The flu is believed (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.③Remember (put) back the magazine when you finish reading it.【答案】1.to meet2.to be caused3.to put2．下列动词常跟动名词作宾语I admitted breaking the window.We are considering moving to Seattle.Would you mind turning off the light in the room?Have you finished reading the book?单句语法填空①He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk (lose) the good opportunity.②We are considering (make) a new decision.③Our monitor suggested (have) a discussion on the new holiday plan.【答案】1.losing2.making3.having3．下列动词之后，既可跟不定式作宾语，又可跟动词­ing形式作宾语，含义有细微差别★love，like，hate，prefer，dislike表经常性的、习惯性的行为多用动词­ing形式作这类动词的宾语；表具体、某次特定的、带将来意味的行为多用不定式作这类动词的宾语。I like swimming，but I don't like to swim today. (前者表经常性的行为，后者表示一次具体的行为) ★begin，start，continue如强调“有意识”行为，多跟doing形式作宾语；如强调“无意识”行为，多跟to do作宾语；当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面跟to do为佳；当这三个词之后跟表示“精神状态或心理活动”的词时，只能跟to do作宾语。I started learning English when I was ten. (表示有意识的行为) It began to rain when I got home last night. (表示无意识的行为) The bus is starting to run. (进行时，跟不定式) I continue to feel sick. (表心理活动) I begin to doubt his honesty. (表心理活动) ★want，need，require句型sb./sth.want/need/require doing意为“某人/某物需要……”。动词­ing形式与句子主语在逻辑上含动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义，此句中的doing可用to be done代替。My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.The old man requires looking after.＝The old man requires to be looked after.句型 sb.want/need/require to do意为“某人想要做……”。不定式与句子主语在逻辑上含主谓关系。She wants to talk with me.remember to do sth.记住要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未发生)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动词­ing形式表示行为已经发生)forget to do sth.忘记了要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未执行)forget doing sth.忘记了做过某事(动词­ing形式表示行为已经执行)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到抱歉(不定式表示行为紧跟在regret之后发生)regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(动词­ing形式表示行为发生在regret之前)try to do sth.尽力做某事，努力做某事(不定式表示设法完成某种困难较大的事)try doing sth.试着做某事(动词­ing形式强调方法是否得当，看看会发生什么)can't help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事go on to do sth.(已做完一件事)接着做(另一件事)go on doing sth.继续做同一件事stop to do sth.(停止一件事)接着做(另一件事)stop doing sth.停止做某事mean to do sth.打算做……(主语为人)mean doing sth.做某事意味着做……(主语为物)4．疑问词之后接不定式，不接动词­ing形式。下列动词后常接“疑问词 ＋ 不定式”。疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有：what，where，who(m)，when，how，whether，which(why 除外，why not do)She will tell you which bus to take.Have you decided when to start?He doesn't know what to do.如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。如下列动词：think/believe/consider/find/feel/know/make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.I found it necessary to talk to him again.I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.He makes it a rule to give short speeches.I find it easy to get on with her.单句语法填空①I remember (meet) her somewhere before.②We love (have) a swim in the sea every afternoon.③I'd like (have) a cup of coffee with sugar and milk.【答案】1.meeting2.having 3.to haveⅠ.单句语法填空1．I am sorry to miss (catch) the first bus.2．I am considering (go) there by bicycle.3．He finished (read) the novel in two days.4．Do remember (meet) her at the station tomorrow.5．We'd love (have) a swim in the sea this afternoon.6．She doesn't know how (run) the machine.7．I want (listen) to some music after class.8．Would you like (go) with me or would you rather stay at home?【答案】1.catching2.going3.reading4.to meet5.to have6.to run7.to listen8. to goⅡ.短文语法填空I want the best for my kids，as any parent 1. (do)．I occasionally need 2. (remind) myself that they are their own little people on their own journeys in life.As parents it's our responsibility 3. (teach)，guide and encourage our kids.If we do our job right they are most likely 4. (become) responsible contributing members of society.The old 5. (say) that “the apple doesn't fall far from the tree”，is an understatement at best.Truth is that children learn how 6. (behave)，act，and deal with life situations first and foremost by 7. (watch) their parents.If dad sits on the couch all day and doesn't lift a finger 8. (help) with housework，chances are his own son (and daughter) will grow up 9. (believe) this is how people are supposed 10. (act)．To tell the truth，I suggest learning more from carefree，cute kids.【答案】1.does 2.to remind3.to teach4.to become5.saying6.to behave7.watching8.to help9.believing10.to act主谓一致[观察例句]1．Following Jane's way of studying chimps，our group are all going to visit them in the forest.2．Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.3．Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.4．Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.5．Ten hours has passed since I came here.[归纳用法]一、名词作主语时的主谓一致1．只表示复数意义的名词people，police，cattle等，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.警察正在搜寻一个留着胡子、皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。2．集体名词crowd，family，team，group，government，committee，class，union，firm，staff，public等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，强调各个成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。As far as I know，his family is a big one.(强调整体)据我所知，他家是一个大家庭。When I visited them yesterday，the family were having dinner.(强调成员)昨天当我拜访他们时，他们一家人正在吃饭。3．只作不可数名词的集体名词clothing，furniture，baggage/luggage，scenery，jewellery，equipment等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 His luggage is very heavy，and he needs someone to help him.他的行李很重，需要有人帮他一下。The scenery of this mountainous area is beautiful，which has attracted many tourists.这个山区的风景很美，吸引了很多游客。4．单复数同形的名词means，sheep，deer等作主语时，根据其表达的单复数的意义而定。All possible means have been tried，but none of which is perfect.所有可能的方法都试了，但是没有一个是完美的。Every possible means has been tried and the result is very good.每一个可能的方法都试了而且结果非常好。5．只有复数形式的名词goods，clothes，remains等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The goods of the store are of high quality.这个商店的货物质量好。Her clothes are always beautiful and fashionable.她的衣服总是很漂亮而且时尚。6．表示成双成套的名词glasses，trousers，shoes，scissors，gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。My shoes don't fit my feet，so I have to buy another pair.我的鞋不合脚，因此我只好再买一双。The glasses she bought yesterday are very expensive.她昨天买的眼镜很贵。[名师点津]表示成双成套的名词前若有pair of，type of等修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的形式而定。A new pair of glasses was bought yesterday for her by her friend.昨天她的朋友为她买了一副新眼镜。单句语法填空①His family (be) poor and he used to work hard to support his family.②My family (be) going on a trip this summer.③Look! Those cattle (be) eating grass on the hill now.【答案】1.is2,are 3.are 二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致Jim and Mary are specialists in cancer research.吉姆和玛丽是癌症研究专家。Both Jim and his parents were sitting in the shade of a large tree.吉姆和他父母都坐在一棵大树的树荫下。Either you or the president is to deliver a speech about the topic.关于这个主题，要么你要么主席来发表演讲。Not only he but also I look down upon those who always rely on others.不仅仅他，我也瞧不起那些一直依赖别人的人。Neither the students nor the teacher knows the reason why she behaved strangely.学生和老师都不知道她行为怪异的原因。[名师点津]and与谓语动词的单数(1)由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，many a，every等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。Each teacher and (each) student was given a ticket.每一位老师和学生都发了一张票。Every hour and (every) minute is important for us.每一小时和每一分钟对我们都很重要。(2)当and连接的两个词指同一个人或物时，谓语动词要用单数。The writer and poet is coming soon.那位作家兼诗人很快就要来了。(同一个人，注意poet前无冠词)All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。My neighbour and colleague is watering the flowers.我的邻居，也是我的同事，正在浇花。单句语法填空①Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming， (regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise.②A library with five thousand books (offer) to the area as a gift last year.③Each actor and each actress (be) invited to our school yesterday.【答案】1.is regarded2.was offered3.was 三、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致1．表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Five minutes isn't enough to finish this work.要完成这项工作，5分钟是不够的。2．some，most，rest及分数、百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据所代替的名词而定。 Most of the workers are against the plan.大部分工人反对这个计划。(指代可数名词复数)The rest of the fresh water has been shipped to the city.剩下的淡水已被送入城中。(指代不可数名词)3．“a number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是，“the number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students have made up their minds to take part in after­school activities.许多学生已经下定决心参加课外活动。The number of students who have made up their minds to take part in after­school activities is 120.已经下定决心参加课外活动的学生人数是120.单句语法填空①Many people say 1，000 dollars (be) a lot of money.②About 70 percent of the earth's surface (cover)with water.③The number of the students in middle school (be) increasing year on year.④The rest of the girls (be) fond of music.【答案】1.is2.is covered3.is 4.are 四、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1．either，each，little，much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each of the books is worth reading.每本书都值得读。2．both，few，many，several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Both of the sisters are interested in medicine.姐妹俩都对医学感兴趣。3．all指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；若指不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。All are present at the meeting today.今天所有的人都参加了会议。All of the information is very important.所有的信息都很重要。4．none指可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；若指不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。None of them is/are aware of the danger.他们中没有人意识到危险。单句语法填空①Since everyone (be)here，let's begin our meeting.②None of the information about him (have) been received.③All (be) willing to reach an agreement.【答案】1.is 2.has3.are 五、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致1．单个动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To read English aloud every morning is of great benefit to your English study.每天早晨朗读英语对你的英语学习大有好处。Staring at someone in public is impolite.在公众场合盯着某人看是不礼貌的。2．当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。What he said has been recorded.他说的话已被录音。What we badly need are good teachers.我们急需的是好老师。3．there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词一致。There is a table and four chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。4．定语从句中关系代词作主语，谓语动词与先行词一致。Mr.Smith，who is now downstairs，is asking to see you.史密斯先生要见你，他现在就在楼下。5．the＋adj.指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数。The rich make slaves of the poor.富人把穷人变成奴隶。[即学即练5]　单句语法填空①What I say and think are (be) none of your business.②There is(be) an old temple and some ancient trees on the top of the mountain.③Having a balanced diet in our daily life is(be) good to us all.【答案】1.are 2.is3.isⅠ.单句语法填空1．I，who (be) your close friend，will try my best to help you out of trouble.2．My father，together with his workmates， (have) been to Beijing.3．Listening to music (make) me relaxed after a busy day.4．The number of employees (be) reduced from 40 to 25.5．Not only the teacher but also his students (like) playing football.6．The population of China (be) larger than that of any other country in the world.7．The injured in the accident (be) all taken to the nearby hospital.8．Fifty dollars (be) too expensive for the pen and you should think about it carefully.9．Few of his family (be) in support of him，which makes him very sad.10．It is said that everybody (be) going to take part in the game this afternoon.【答案】1.am 2.has 3.makes 4.was5.like 6.is 7.were 8.is 9.are 10.is Ⅱ.短文语法填空The Netherlands 1. (be) one of the most beautiful countries in Europe，so Tom and Jack decided to travel there.The first day，they enjoyed the sunrise.Milk and a hamburger 2. (be) a good breakfast for them.Not only did they take part in activities，but they tasted many delicious foods.Every boy and every girl in the Netherlands 3. (be)friendly to them.The second day，Tom as well as Jack，4. (be) going to visit a forested area.In Tom's opinion，wolves or tigers 5. (be)dangerous animals，so he expected to come across either of them.Along the path which was full of bushes，and different kinds of butterflies 6. (be) flitting from flower to flower.The government 7. (have) taken plenty of measures to protect the area，so the surroundings 8. (be)so attractive.Even though the wild animals didn't appear，they completely enjoyed this scenery around them.What 9. (be)the most important thing in your life？Through this journey，Tom and Jack understand even if the wonderful time is so short，it's just like a flash of beauty，while the more you enjoy the moment you're in，the more treasures it will bring.And many a moment still 10. (keep) the memory，then frames the eternal happiness.【答案】1.is2.was3.was4.was5.are6.were7.has8.were9.is10.keeps写作园地演讲稿本单元写作项目是演讲稿。[基本框架]1．开头(beginning)——提出问题2．主体(body)——分析问题3．结尾(ending)——简要总结[常用词块]1．compare with 同……比较2．be suitable to更适合……3．draw a conclusion 得出结论4．provide with 提供……5．contribute to有助于6．more than超过[常用语句]★精彩开头1．It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.我很荣幸站在这里演讲。2．The topic of my speech is “Thoughts on becoming a grown­up”．我演讲的主题是“思想成长”。3．It's nice for me to speak about friendship here.我很高兴在这里说一下友谊。★正文佳句1．As a child，I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked.小时候，我一直希望我能尽快长大，这样我就可以随心所欲，为所欲为。2．I think it is of vital importance because our society is faced with the increasing danger of lack of energy.我认为这是至关重要的，因为我们的社会正面临着日益严重的能源缺乏的危险。3．When we help classmates with their study and other things，not only can we develop our friendship but also we can build up a harmonious society.当我们帮助同学们学习和其他事情时，我们不仅可以发展我们的友谊，而且可以建立一个和谐的社会。★余味结尾1．Thank you for your listening.感谢你的聆听。2．I strongly suggest trying our best to be admitted into a key university.我强烈建议尽全力考上重点大学。3．I think it is of great benefit for us English learners.我认为这对我们英语学习者非常有益。例题假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let's Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。 请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：1．目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。注意： 1.词数：80词左右；2.演讲稿开头和结尾已给出， 但不计入总词数。参考词汇：低碳生活 low­carbon life　节能 energy­savingGood morning, everyone，I'm Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.It's a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．With the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life.However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.How can we solve these problems then? As far as I'm concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution.Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gases.What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.Therefore, let's ride bicycles.Come on and join us!Thank you!练习假如你们班将进行“大学毕业后留在大城市还是小城镇”的讨论。请你用英语写一篇80词左右的发言稿，发表你的看法，内容包括：提出主张：应该回小城镇工作。陈述理由：1.小城镇污染少，空气清新，水源干净；2．与喧闹的大城市比起来，小城镇环境安静；3．小城镇自然景色优美，较市中心更宜居住。得出结论：居住在小城镇健康长寿，年轻人应该回小城镇工作。Boys and girls，Living in a small town and living in a large city both present benefits of their location. 【参考范文】Boys and girls，Living in a small town and living in a large city both present benefits of their location.However，I personally prefer to work in a small town after graduating from college.First，there is less pollution in a small town，and therefore I can breathe clean air and drink clean water.Secondly，compared with the noisy big cities，a small town can provide us with a quiet environment.Last but not least，with beautiful natural scenery，small towns are much more suitable to live in than urban centres.From what has been mentioned above，we can safely draw a conclusion that living in a small town makes it possible for us to live a long and healthy life.Therefore，I call on young people to choose their jobs in a small town.分层提分题组A 基础过关练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.To compete more (effective) with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.2.The discovery of new (evident) led to the thief’s being caught.3.The young assistant often gives us (time) assistance in preparing tools for experiments.4.If you don’t interview well you are (likely) to get the job.5.Some scientists declare that most of our tiredness comes from our mental and (emotion) attitudes.6.Her voice rose higher and higher with (excite).7.The good news is that you don’t need to learn by (memorise).8.I will do it only for some (simplify) situations.【答案】1.effectively 2.evidence3.timely 4.unlikely 5.emotional6.excitement 7.memorisation8.simplifiedⅡ.选词填空be exposed to，as a result, argue with, be based on, reflect on，in short, in one way or another, take it easy, make an assumption, attempt to1.When she help him out，he resisted.2. a foreign culture is beneficial for us to learn the local language.3.The girl that she couldn’t be admitted into a key university.4.There is more and more pollution. ，many species are dying out.5.No matter how far it is, I’ll go there .6. .There is still one more week left before the exam begins.7. ,__I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniforms.8.Don’t try to him till he’s calmed down.9.The man was lying on the grass and what happened that day.10.The old scientist told his students that scientific theories must facts.【答案】1. attempted to2.Being exposed to3. made an assumption 4.As a result5.in one way or another6.Take it easy7.In short8.argue with9.reflected on10.be based on题组B 能力提升练Ⅳ.语法填空Get ready and you will enjoy a space travel.The sky outside your spacecraft is mostly black.The planet you’re looking for is 4.65 billion 1.____________(mile)away.Almost no light 2.____________ (reach)it.Suddenly you see a glow (暗光)in the 3.____________ (distant).As you approach, it becomes bigger and stranger.The light 4.____________ (shine)ahead of you is bright pink.Getting closer, you realize 5.____________ is giving off this glow.It’s a magenta (紫红色的)planet!6.____________ (name)GJ 504b, the planet is made of pink gas.It’s similar to Jupiter, a giant gas planet in our own solar system.But GJ 504b is four times more 7.____________ (mass).At 460°F, it’s the temperature of a hot oven, and it’s the planet’s intense heat that causes it to glow.You stop your spacecraft to take 8.____________ close look.The sky turns pink as you enter GJ 504b’s atmosphere.Since GJ 504b is made of gas, it has no solid surface.So you can fly right inside the planet, in 9.____________ the gas envelops you like a thick fog.As you go 10.____________ (deep), the gas begins to get darker.If you keep going down, your spacecraft could melt from the heat.You get away from this pink world and back into the darkness of outer space.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。讲述了到太空旅游的所见。1.miles　考查名词。mile是可数名词，根据前面的4.65 billion可知，此处填复数形式。2.reaches　考查时态。本文是说明文，介绍一个星球，所以基本时态是一般现在时。3.distance　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词可知，此处填名词形式。in the distance意为“在远处”。4.shining　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是is，所以shine只能用非谓语动词形式，light和shine是逻辑上的主动关系，所以填shining。5.what　考查连词。realize后面跟的是宾语从句，而从句中缺少了主语，再根据文意“东西发出暗光”可知，此处填what。6.Named　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是is made of，name只能用非谓语动词形式，the planet和name是逻辑上的被动关系，故此处填Named。7.massive　考查形容词。more后面跟形容词构成比较级，故此处填massive。8.a　考查冠词。take a look意为“看一看”，是常见结构。9.which　考查定语从句。这个定语从句的先行词是the planet，在定语从句中充当地点状语，应该用where引导，而where等于in which，由此可知答案。10.deeper　考查比较级。根据本句后面的get darker，前后一致，故此处填deeper。题组C 培优拔尖练阅读理解You’ve heard of the fat suit and the pregnancy suit; now meet AGNES—the old person suit.AGNES stands for “Age Gain Now Empathy(换位体验)System” and was designed by researchers at MIT’s AgeLab to let you know what it feels like—physically—to be 75 years old.“The business of old age demands new tools, ” said Joseph Coughlin, director of the AgeLab.“While focus groups and observations and surveys can help you understand what the older consumer needs and wants, young marketers never get that ‘Ah ha！’ moment of having difficulty opening a jar, or getting in and out of a car.That’s what AGNES provides.”Coughlin and his team carefully adjusted the suit to make the wearer just as uncomfortable as an old person who has spent a lifetime eating poorly and not doing much exercise.Special shoes provide a feeling of imbalance, while braces on the knees and elbows limit joint mobility.Gloves give the feeling of decreased strength and mobility in the hands and wrists, and earplugs make it difficult to hear high-pitched sounds and soft tones.A helmet with straps(带)attached to it presses the spine(脊柱).AGNES has been used most recently by a group of students working on a design of an__updated__walker.By wearing the suit they could see for themselves what design and materials would make the most sense for a physically limited older person.Coughlin said the suit has also been used by clothing companies, car companies and retail goods companies to help them understand the limitations of an older consumer.An unexpected benefit they’ve found with AGNES is that it has become a powerful tool to get younger people to invest in their long-term health.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如果现在不注意锻炼身体，老了以后会怎样？穿上AGNES，现在你就可以感受到老年人的感觉。1.AGNES has been developed mainly to ________.A.make the users more comfortableB.help old people move more quicklyC.let people understand the old betterD.remind the young to take care of their health答案　C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“...to let you know what it feels like—physically—to be 75 years old.(让你知道75岁时的身体感受。)”可知，AGNES的功能是让人们提前感受人老以后的实际身体状况。故选C。2.According to the article, young marketers never ________.A.ask what old people need and wantB.see the efforts old people make to put on clothesC.feel the same way as old people doD.say “Ah ha！” when they meet with difficulty答案　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“...young marketers never get that ‘Ah ha！’...That’s what AGNES provides.”可知，年轻的销售人员在生活中从未感受老年人的难处。故选C。3.The third paragraph mainly talks about ________.A.how researchers feel wearing AGNESB.how AGNES has been developedC.how people act when they are oldD.how AGNES works答案　D　主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Special shoes provide a feeling of imbalance...with straps(带)attached to it presses the spine(脊柱).”可知，第三段主要讲了AGNES的工作原理。故选D。4.The underlined phrase “an updated walker” in the last paragraph most likely refers to ________.A.someone who travels a lotB.a physically limited old personC.some equipment that helps old people walkD.a company providing service to the old答案　C　词义猜测题。根据下文“By wearing the suit...limited older person.”可以看出，这些学生在研究一款新的walker，通过试穿他们能够切身感受老年人的身体情况，从而能够确定什么样的设计和材料才最为合适，可知画线部分是指一些帮助老人走路的设备。故选C。重点词汇1.favorite adj.　最受喜爱的2.partner n. 搭档，同伴3.curious adj. 好奇的4.project n. 工程；项目5.goal n. 目标；球门6.competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛7.revise v. 修正；复习8.concentrate v. 集中；全神贯注9.approach n. 方法10.geometry n. 几何(学)11.classic adj. 经典的12.beyond prep. 超出……范围13.input n. 输入；投入14.context n. 上下文；语境；背景15.chunk n. 语块16.acquire vt. 学习，获得(知识，技能)17.odd adj. 奇特的18.worldwide adj.&adv. 遍及世界的；在全世界19.simplified adj. 简化了的20.unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的21.memorise vt. 记住；熟记22.strategy n. 策略；战略；规划23.effectively adv. 有效地24.recommend vt. 推荐；建议25.novel n. 小说26.sufficient adj. 充足的27.normally adv. 通常，平常28.inner adj.　内部的29.unlikely adj. 不大可能的30.data n. 资料；数据31.childhood n.　童年，儿童时代32.cell n. 细胞33.technique n. 技巧，手法34.photographic adj. 详细准确的；照片的；摄影的35.digit n. (0～9的任何一个)数字36.helicopter n. 直升机37.curve n. 曲线，弧线38.outer adj. 外部的，外面的39.dinosaur n. 恐龙词汇拓展1.reflect vi.& vt.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→reflection n.沉思；考虑；反映2.argue vi.争论，争吵→argument n.辩论；论点；论据3.assume vt.认为；假定，假设→assumption n.假定；设想4.automatic adj.自动的；无意识的→automatically adv.自动地；无意识地5.flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的→flexibility n.灵活性；柔韧性→flexibly adv.柔软地；灵活地6.promote vt.促进，增进→promotion n.提升；促进；晋升7.exist vi.存在；实际上有→existence n.存在；生存8.ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ignorance n.无知；愚昧9.impression n.印象；感想→impress vt.使……有印象；影响→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的10.arrangement n.计划；安排→arrange v.计划；安排11.emotional adj.情感上的；情绪上的→emotion n.情感；情绪→emotionally adv.情感上地；情绪上地12.excitement n.兴奋，激动→excite v.刺激，使……兴奋→excited adj.激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的13.publish vt.& vi.出版；发表；刊登→publishing n.出版；发表；刊登→publisher n.出版人；发行人14.sharp adj.急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的→sharply adv.急剧地，猛烈地；锋利地15.timely adj.适时的，及时的→time n.时间16.periodically adv.定期地→period n.阶段；时期→periodical adj.定期的17.memorisation n.记忆→memoris(z)e v.记住；记忆重点词组1.reflect on 思考2.argue with 争吵3.end up doing 最后；最终4.work out 弄懂某事物；计算出5.in short 总而言之；简单地说6.attempt to 尝试7.at the heart of... 在……的中心8.be based on... 以……为根据9.focus on 集中于10.miss out on 错过11.as a result 作为结果12.take it easy 放轻松13.for the first time 第一次14.be curious about 对……感到好奇 15.make good use of 充分利用16.up to 多达afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，beg，choose，claim，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，expect，fail，fear，get，guarantee，hate，help，hope，hurry，intend，learn，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish，swear ＋ to do sth.admit，advise，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，ban，confess，consider，delay，deny，detest，dislike，encourage，endure，enjoy，ensure，escape，excuse，face，fancy，feel like，finish，forbid，forgive，give up，imagine，involve，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，omit，pardon，permit，postpone，practice，prevent，put off，quit，recall，recommend，report，resist，risk，save，suggest，tolerate，understand，can't help，can't resist (忍不住)＋ doingtell，advise，show，teach，find out，decide，discuss，learn，forget，inquire，know，explain，remember，see，understand，wonder＋ wh­疑问词 ＋to do sth.主语谓语动词由and或both...and连接，其内容是复数复数由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接就近原则主语后有with，together with，along with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except等词或短语时单复数与前面的主语一致