北师大版(2019)高中英语 必修三 unit8 知识清单 学生版 （素材）

这是一份北师大版(2019)高中英语 必修三 unit8 知识清单 学生版 （素材），共17页。
必修第三册 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING目标导航知识精讲1　 balance n．平衡；天平v.保持平衡；权衡(教材P28)　maintaining the balance between human and nature保持人与自然的平衡I struggled to keep my on my new skates.我穿着新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。How long can you on one leg?你单腿能站多久？[知识拓展](1)keep the balance of nature a pair of balance be out of balance lose/keep one's balance on balance (2)balanced adj. (3)balance sth. against sth. 2　 bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的(教材P30)　Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.丢了垃圾就懒得捡了。I just can't be to look after the house. 我就是不想费事照看这所房子。I couldn't be to go through the rigmarole of changing clothes.我不想再费事儿换衣服了。[知识拓展](1)be bothered to do　　 (2)bother vt. 　 n. bother sb.with/about sth. bother about sth. bother to do sth. have much bother (in) doing sth. 3　 harmful adj.有害的；可致伤害的(教材P31)　And all of this would be very harmful.这一切将是非常有害的。Many household products are potentially .很多家用产品有潜在的害处。The new drug has proved to have side effects.这种新药有副作用。[知识拓展](1)be harmful to...　 (2)harm n. 　 　 vt. do sb.harm＝do harm to sb. There is no harm in doing sth. it does no harm to do sth. 4　 be committed to投入；承担；致力于；完全旨在(教材P31)　In addition to her research，she has been whole­heartedly committed to environmental protection.除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。All of us，myself included，have totally the Party. 我们大家，包括我本人在内，一直都对党绝对忠诚。The government protecting the interests of tenants.政府承诺保护租户们的利益。[知识拓展]commit vt.　 commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. commit sb./oneself to do sth. commit to... commit a crime commit suicide [名师点津]commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。5　make a difference 起作用；产生重大影响(教材P31)　Every individual makes a difference.每个人都起重要作用。I believed that I can in this world.我坚信世界一定会因我而不同。Nothing I say is going to with you.我说的话对你来说没有什么影响。[知识拓展]make some difference　 make no difference make any difference 6　involve vt.参与；包含(教材P31)　It is by acting together，in this exciting way，that we can involve thousands—millions—of people，and this is what is going to change the world.正是通过共同行动，以这种令人兴奋的方式，我们才能让成千上万的人参与进来，这将改变世界。The test will answering questions about a photograph.考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。There was a serious incident a group of youths.有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。[知识拓展]involve doing sth.　　　 involve sb.in (doing) sth. be/get involved in be involved with... 7　absent adj.缺席；不在v.缺席(教材P31)　You cannot be absent.你不可能缺席。Love was totally from his childhood.他童年时没有得到丝毫关爱。He himself from the meeting yesterday.他昨天没有出席会议。[知识拓展](1)be absent from...　　 (2)in the absence of sb.＝in one's absence absence of mind 8　 leave...doing...句型(教材P31)Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth...比方说你在刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流……[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，句中while引导时间状语从句；running是现在分词，作leave的宾语补足语。Don't outside in the rain.不要让她一直在外面雨里等。The news what would happen next.这个消息使我想知道接着会发生什么事情。[知识拓展]leave sb./sth.doing(sth.)　　 leave sth.done leave sb./sth.＋n./adj./adv./介词短语 9　 “make＋宾语＋宾补”结构(教材P31)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in．成百上千的根和芽可以解决问题，改变世界，使之成为一个更适合居住的地方。[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，make it a better place to live in是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用名词作宾补；to live in作定语修饰a better place。We of our football team.我们推选他作我们足球队的队长。If you won't do it willingly，I'll !你如果不愿意做那件事，我会强迫你去做！[知识拓展]在“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语。10. stand for代表；容忍(教材P34)　What does NPO stand for?NPO代表什么？The party is trying to give the impression that it alone democracy.该党正试图让大家觉得只有它才是民主的代表。I'm not it any longer.这种事我再也不能容忍了。[知识拓展]stand against　　　　 stand back stand by stand out stand up for sb./sth. 11. come up with想出；想到(教材P36)　In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.20世纪60年代一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。Several of the members have suggestions of their own. 有几位成员提出了自己的建议。He can a convincing explanation.他能说出令人信服的解释。[知识拓展]come up to　　　　　　　 come up come out come across come about come at come to 12.(教材P106)　Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.易女士一直过着知足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情的发生改变了她的生活。(1)contented adj.满意的；满足的Whenever he returns to this place he is happy and .每次回到这个地方，他都十分快乐，心满意足。His face relaxes into a smile.他面部肌肉放松下来，露出了满意的微笑。[知识拓展]content n．　　　　　 　 vt. 　 adj. be content to do sth.＝be willing/ready to do sth. be content with sth.＝be satisfied/pleased with sth. content oneself with sth. (2)occur vi.发生，出现；被想到(起)When exactly did the incident ?这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？The crash when the crew shut down the wrong engine.机务人员关错了引擎，随即飞机坠毁。[知识拓展](1)sth.occurs to sb.　 it occurs/occurred to sb.to do sth. it occurs/occurred to sb.that... (2)occurrence [名师点津]表示 “某人想起……”的短语还有： sth. strikes/hits sb., sth. comes to sb.等。13 proposal n．建议，提议(教材P106－107)　The local government agreed with her proposal to plant one million trees in the region over ten years.当地政府同意她的提议，在10年内在该地区种植100万棵树。His that the system should be changed was rejected.他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。The has not yet passed the discussion stage.这个提案还没有通过讨论阶段。[知识拓展]propose vt.　　　　　 propose sth./doing sth. propose to do sth./doing sth. propose sth.to sb. propose that...(should) do sth. propose sb.for sth./propose sb.as sth. 14 survival n．继续生存，幸存(教材P107)　Now the trees have a survival rate of 85%.现在这些树的成活率是85%。His only chance of was a heart transplant.只有进行心脏移植，他才有望活下去。All living beings are endowed with an instinct for .生物都有求生存的本能。[知识拓展](1)survive vi.　　　　　 　 vt. survive sth. survive (from sth.) survive(on sth.) survive as sth. survive sb.by...years (2)survivor n. 15　年代表达法(教材P36)　In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.20世纪60年代一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。[句式分析]句中的“In the 1960s”表示“在20世纪60年代”。 表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the＋年份(尾数为0)＋s/'s”。有时年份前还可加修饰词early/middle/late，表示在“某世纪某年代的早期/中期/后期”。 ，American exports crowded out European films.20世纪80年代美国出口影片把欧洲影片挤出了市场。Finally， a significant breakthrough was made.终于，在20世纪40年代，一个重要的突破性的进展产生了。[知识拓展]“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十岁的时候”。in his teens　　　　　 in her twenties 16　not...but...不是……，而是……(教材P37)　The new “white bikes” were not actually white but painted in bright colours.新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是用鲜艳的颜色粉刷的。[句式分析]句中的not...but...表示“不是……，而是……”，连接两个并列的句子成分，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语的人称和数保持一致。Reading is fun， because the writer is telling you something， because it makes your mind work.读书之所以有趣，不是由于作者告诉了你什么，而是由于书本促使你思考。I did it because I liked it because I had to do it.我做这事不是因为我喜欢它，而是因为我必须做。[知识拓展]除了not...but...应用就近原则，常见的用就近原则的词组还有：either...or...；neither...not...；not only...but also...等。语法精讲v．­ing和v.­ed作定语、状语和补足语[观察例句]1．The experience gained will be of great value and importance for all of us.2．The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.3．Looking out of the window，I saw a woman walking in the street.4．Asked why he was late，he cried.5．We saw them walking across the road.6．I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.[归纳用法]一、分词和分词短语作定语分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；有时单个的分词用作定语也可以放在所修饰的名词之后，这多半是因为该名词或代词不适合作前置定语，或者为了动作的暂时性。如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。We didn't reach any agreement on the problem discussed.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.He likes to drink cold boiled water.The man sitting in the corner is my brother.(＝The man who is sitting in the corner is my brother.)单句语法填空①We can see the part of the moon (light) by sunlight.②Most of the people (invite) to the party did not come.③The people (work) with me treat me like their friend.④Do you know the teacher (talk) with the students?二、分词和分词短语作状语分词作状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随状况。Heated，the metal expands.(＝When it is heated，the metal expands.)Being a teacher，I must work hard.She stood there，waiting for a bus.He came in，followed by a group of students.[名师点津]generally/frankly/strictly speaking，considering，judging by/from，supposing，taking everything into account，concerning，compared to/with等作独立成分，用来解释整句话，当固定短语用。Generally speaking，houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.Judging from your accent，you must be from Scotland.Supposing we lose，what shall we do?They had a heated discussion concerning certain problems.Compared to you，I'm old.Considering his age，he is unfit for the job.单句语法填空① (accompany) by his friend，he went to the railway station.② (give) better attention，the plants could grow better.③We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs， (think) that all children like these things.④ (hear) the news，tears came into his eyes.三、分词和分词短语作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。We saw him talking to her.(正在进行) She kept us waiting here for an hour.(一直处于某种状态) 感官动词feel，listen to，hear，see，look at，watch，notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾补。I saw him beaten by Tom.(him与beaten是被动关系) We heard them singing downstairs.(them与singing是主动关系)变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。 They were seen walking across the road.The children were heard singing songs.[即学即练3]　单句语法填空①They shut the door and left the fire (burn)．②He watched the balloon (blow) away.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.2．Annie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse (appoint) to guard her.3．When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed， (tell) me stories till I was asleep.4．When we got a call (say)she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke.5．The sports meet (hold) last week is of great importance.6．He raised his voice in order to make himself (hear)．Ⅱ.短文语法填空A cook was caught 1. (smoke) red­handed and the owner of the restaurant made him hit on road immediately.With so many staff 2. (look) at him，he felt very embarrassed.His colleagues found it right for him 3. (punish)，because the 4. (light) cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant to catch fire.The cook begged the owner to give him the last chance.The owner eventually had him apologize and got him 5. (fine)．The cook was allowed to remain.Now，he is seen 6. (mop) the floors hard and I notice many customers 7. (pass) him.He reminded them to mind the sign，8. (read) “NO SMOKING ！” I hear a voice in my heart 9. (say) “respect yourself and you will feel 10. (value)”．写作园地调查报告写调查报告要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。[基本框架]1．开头(beginning)——调查的原因2．主体(body)——过程和结果3．结尾(ending)——你的观点[常用词块]1．attach great importance to重视；强调2．be engaged in忙于……3．cater one's need满足某人的需要4．count on依靠；依赖5．be abundant in 富有……6．be desperate for渴望得到……[常用语句]★精彩开头1．I have recently made a survey among 300 boys and 300 girls in my school about their purposes of surfing the Internet.最近我对我校的300名男生和300名女生进行了调查，看他们上网做什么。2．Last week，we did/conducted/carried out a survey among all the students in our school on the time they spent in sleeping every day.上周，我们就每天的睡眠时间对全校学生进行了调查。3．Recently，in our school we made a survey which shows that more and more students have become near­sighted.近期，我们学校做的一项调查表明越来越多的学生变得近视。★正文佳句1．From the above table，we can conclude (that) over 20% of the teenagers are addicted to smoking.根据上表，我们可以得出如下结论：超过20%的青少年吸烟上了瘾。2．As is shown in the above table，Senior Three students spend the least time in sleeping.如上表所示，高三学生睡眠时间最少。3．As can be seen from the table above，more than 70% of the students have formed a very good habit of studying.从上表可以看出，70%以上的学生已经形成了良好的学习习惯。★余味结尾1．As far as I am concerned，effective measures should be instantly taken to help students to spend more time on sleep.在我看来，应该立即采取有效措施来帮助学生获得更多的休息时间。2．From my own perspective，we should take action to help students to make good use of their study time.在我看来，我们应当采取措施帮助学生好好利用学习时间。3．In a word，people are now having a more convenient life.总之，现在人们正过着更加便利的生活。例题下面图表是对我省某校高三学生选择高考志愿时所考虑因素的调查结果。请根据图表，用英语写一篇简要的报告，并说说你自己的观点。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.文章的开头已写好，不计入总词数。Some senior middle school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their majors and universities. 练习假设你是李华，你在9月6日给当地环保局写了一份报告，报告你们家乡的北湖(North Lake)的现状，内容包括：1．北湖曾经是旅游景点，水清鱼多；2．现在由于工农业污染和当地渔民的过度捕捞，湖水受到污染，鱼类资源几近枯竭；3．你的建议……注意：1.介绍上述所有内容，并适当发挥；2.词数80左右。参考词汇：环保局The Bureau of Environmental Protection 分层提分题组A 基础过关练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Though he was rooted his past，he wasn’t stuck there.2.With the help of his uncle，Peter set a company of his own.3. sum up，only when they take advantage of their free time to play sports can they keep fit and achieve their goals.4.With no rain for over a year，the city is suffering unusually hot weather.5.I (firm) believe that we must act at once to put an end to the conflict.6.One of her cousins was (shoot) dead only a few streets away from where she lived.7.Sometimes，I act as a listening ear for students to talk over what (bother) them.8.After many years of hard work, she made (one’s) dream come true.9.People who work in offices are usually referred to “white collar workers”.10.Our new office is located within the centre of the town，and the location is (convenience) for me.Ⅱ.选词填空all around the world，take action, work through, come up with，cut back on, do one’s part for，plenty of，soon after1.She couldn’t a solution to the problem, so she turned to me for help.2.Every year, millions of people visit the Great Wall.3.You’d better your anger after being interrupted by others.4.Fortunately，the fire was discovered it had started.5.If we don’t sell more，we’ll have to production.6.Every year, people go to see the sights of Beijing.7.I have been my study all these days.8.The United Nations calls on all the nations to immediately.题组B 能力提升练语法填空As the effects of global warming，rising sea levels and natural disasters become more serious 1.____________ before，and some local communities are taking action.Among them is one community in Florida 2.____________ local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3.____________(coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested 4.____________(way) to address the problem.It has persuaded the state government 5.____________(ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes(沙丘) along beaches.Kristin Jacobs，one of the group’s founders，decided to take action in 2008 after it became 6.____________(gradual) clear that her state’s 27 water authorities couldn’t agree on joint(联合的) action.While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7.____________(cold)，the people 8.____________(live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.At present，coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited budget 9.____________(be) a pressing concern.Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in 10.____________ end.题组C 培优拔尖练阅读理解Most of us have been in this situation：You’re on your way to your friend’s house，then you suddenly ask yourself，“Did I remember to turn the lights off？”For those with smart homes，however，this wouldn’t be a problem.Over the last few years，smart home technology has become more popular.Thanks to user-friendly products like intelligent lighting and heating controllers，people can control nearly every electrical item in their homes from anywhere in the world.While smart homes aren’t new，companies like Philips and Xiaomi have finally brought automation to everyday people with affordable products like artificial intelligence(AI) speakers and sensors.“The obvious message is that you can stop wasting energy，”Tom Kerber，director of research for U.S.-based digital company Parks Associates，told The Guardian.And the technology also has more meaningful uses.In Norway，for example，one company is using smart technology to make life easier for its elderly customers.Abilia’s system allows carers to check up on patients through a tablet on a wall inside their home.The device sends patients reminders about tasks，such as when they need to take medications(药).It can even tell carers if there’s any unusual activity in the home that could be life-threatening.“This kind of system allows people to take care of themselves，which is the most important thing，”Abilia’s vice president，Oystein Johnsen，told the BBC.“It also saves the government money.In Norway，it costs 1 million kroner(about 0.8 million yuan) per year to have someone in a care home.This system costs 15，000 kroner a year.”So，for those who have already “gone smart”，will it ever be possible to go back to do things in the old-fashioned way？“I think it would be difficult.When we go to a friend’s house or on vacation we find ourselves expecting the house to do things for us that we should do，”Poulson，a senior program manager from Seattle，U.S.，explained.1.What are the first and second paragraphs used for?A.Introducing the topic.B.Describing the situation.C.Advertising smart homes.D.Putting forward the author’s opinion.2.What do Philips and Xiaomi have in common?A.They are all designing smart homes.B.They are all U.S.-based digital companies.C.They’ve all made inexpensive AI products for ordinary people.D.They’ve all received affordable products automatically.3.What does Abilia’s system allow users to do in Norway?A.To switch off lights through a tablet.B.To buy user-friendly products.C.To control heating and cooling systems.D.To take care of themselves.4.What’s Poulson’s attitude to smart home technology?A.Cautious. B.Favorable.C.Indifferent. D.Disapproving.重点词汇1.root n. 2.shoot n. 3.bothered adj. 4.institute n. 5.brick n. 6.gallon n. 7.chimpanzee n. 8.wag vi.& vt. 9.just-me-ism n. 10.living n.　 11.ocean n. 12.smog n. 13.desert n. 14.industrial adj. 15.extinction n. 16.recycle v. 18.carbon n. 19.view n. 20.profit n. 21.organiser n. 22.agriculture n. 23.survival n. 24.electricity n. 25.transport n. 26.battery n. 27.parking n. 28.therefore adv. 29.path n. 30.pedal vi.& vt. 词汇拓展1.bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；烦扰→ adj.担心的；烦恼的2.firm adj.坚实的；稳固的→ adv.坚定地；牢牢地3.found vt.建立；创立；创办→ n.创立者→ n.基础；地基4.involve vt.参与；包含→ adj.参与的；投入的→ n.参与5.disappear vi.消失，不见→ n.消失，不见→ v.出现→ n.出现6.tracking n.跟踪→ v.跟踪 n.踪迹重点词组1. 遭受；患……病；受……之苦2. 以……著称3. 懒得做某事4. 那又怎样5. 采取行动6. 除……之外7. 致力于；委身于8. 全世界9. 有影响，有关系10. 植根于11. 被称为……12. 空气污染13. 过绿色环保的生活14. 与大自然和谐共生15. 想出，想到16. 充裕的17. 不久之后18. 多亏19. 对……方便20. 供养；为……做准备21. 以……著称22. 受到……欢迎23. 在20世纪60年代