人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册Space exploration练主题词汇 阅读素养 句法与写作高一英语精品暑假作业（人教版）（解析版）

这是一份人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册Space exploration练主题词汇 阅读素养 句法与写作高一英语精品暑假作业（人教版）（解析版），共19页。

【格言佳句】
That is ne small step fr a man, but ne gaint leap fr mankind.
个人的一小步，人类的一大步。

【英语名家谈英语学习 王逢鑫】
精通英语，必须掌握大量的词汇，如同修盖高楼大厦需要充足的建筑材料。学习词汇，如同交友，一回生，二回熟。从记忆，理解，到复用词汇，需要反复接触，反复练习。
说到记单词，初学者都希望别人告诉他窍门或捷径。入门阶段需要学会一千来个基本词汇。而死记硬背是必经之路。想不费功夫，就能记牢单词，恐怕是徒劳的。其实，记忆英语单词的过程是学习科学思维的过程。单词学多了，就有规律可循。科学记忆有赖于读音规则、拼写规则和构词法。此外，不要孤零地记单词，要记住它的“左邻右舍”，即搭配；还要记住它的上下文，即语境。
理解词义，初学者都要经历一个字对字的过程，bk 是书，ball 是球。由于英语具有一词多义和同形异义的特点，学习者会发现bk和ball还有别的意义。掌握词义，应知其一，知其二，甚至知其三。词义涉及语言差异和文化差异，字对字地理解词义常常犯错误。例如，drmitry 只指单身宿舍，不指家属宿舍。最好还是意念对意念地理解词义。
复用词汇，要学会同义表达(paraphrasing)。 初学时对待同义词应求大同，存小异，不必拘泥细微辨义。随着知识的增加，最终应知道什么地方用什么词最合适，即a prper wrd in its prper place。
年轻读者们正值青春年华，是学习英语，特别是记单词的好时光，千万不可错过。.
学习日历

______ 月 ______ 日
星期 ______________
天气 ______________
Ⅰ. 太空探索话题词汇聚焦
___________________n. 太阳系
___________________n. 火箭
___________________n. 卫星
___________________n. 地球
___________________n. 火星
___________________n. 月球
___________________NP. 航天局
___________________v. 探索
___________________n. 太空行走
__________________n. 使命；任务
__________________v. 发射
__________________NP. 太空望远镜
__________________n. 国际空间站
__________________n. 航空飞船
__________________VP. 探索宇宙
__________________NP. 遨游太空
【答案】 1. slar system 2. rcket 3. satellite 4. the Earth 5. Mars 6. the mn
space agency 8. explre 9. spacewalk 10. missin 11. launch 12. space telescpe
Internatinal Space Statin 14. spacecraft / spaceship 15. explre the universe 16. travel in space
Ⅱ. 单词拼写
1. Yang Li-wei is the first ___________(宇航员) t circle the earth in China.
【答案】astrnaut
【解析】
考查名词。句意：杨利伟是中国第一个环绕地球的宇航员。根据汉语提示“宇航员”可知应填名词astrnaut，作表语，此处为特指用单数。故填astrnaut。
2. This is a serius_________(精神的) disease.
【答案】mental
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：这是一种严重的精神疾病。分析句子可知，设空处需填入形容词作定语，修饰名词disease，结合汉语提示可知，mental符合句意。故填mental。
3. The firewrks rushed up int the sky, just like a ________(火箭) saring up.
【答案】rcket
【解析】
考查名词。句意：烟花冲上了天空，就像火箭一样直冲云霄。根据汉语提示“火箭”可知应填名词rcket，上文冠词a提示应用单数。故填rcket。
4. If yu leave yur arms ut，they will flat free in zer ________ (重力).
【答案】gravity
【解析】
考查名词。句意：如果你把手臂放在外面，它们会在零重力下自由漂浮。此处缺少名词作介词in的宾语，根据汉语提示可知是不可数名词gravity，故填gravity。
5. We started frm Vancuver, where we picked up ur _________(交通工具)fr the trip—a hme n wheels.
【答案】 vehicle
【解析】
考查名词。句意：我们从温哥华出发，在那里取到了这次旅行的交通工具——一辆房车。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词vehicle作宾语，由a hme n wheels. 可知，名词应用单数，故填vehicle。
6. Scientists have many ideas abut hw the _______ (宇宙) first came int existence.
【答案】universe
【解析】
考查名词。句意：科学家对宇宙最初是如何形成有很多想法。结合汉语提示及空前冠词the可知，此处用名词。the universe“宇宙”，用单数，故填universe。
7. In rder t make Beidu Navigatin System wrk exactly, China has launched mre than mre than 30 _________(卫星).
【答案】satellites
【解析】
考查名词。句意：为了使北斗导航系统准确工作，中国已经发射了30多颗卫星。根据汉语提示“卫星”可知应填名词satellite，作宾语，由30修饰应用复数形式。故填satellites。
8. Each human being has t die, but________(人类) ges n wrld withut end.
【答案】mankind
【解析】
考查名词。句意：每个人都有一死，但人类生生不息。“人类”译为mankind，为不可数名词，故填mankind。
9. ________ (数据)cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw________ (错误) rates.
【答案】 Data errr
【解析】
考查名词。句意：从设备上搜集的数据可以被用来识别不同的参与者。这是基于他们如何用非常低的错误率来分型。根据句子结构可知，应填名词。第一空是名词作主语，结合语境可知为复数形式。第二空是名词作定语，修饰rates。根据汉语提示，故填①Data；②errr。
10. She had a strng __________ (渴望) t g abrad fr further study.
【答案】desire
【解析】
考查名词。句意：她强烈渴望着去国外深造。名词“渴望”要用desire表示。故填desire。
III. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The ________ (determine) lk in their eyes tld us that nthing culd make them change their minds.
【答案】determined
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：他们眼里的坚决神态告诉我们没有什么能改变他们的想法。空格处为形容词修饰名词，ed形容词表示“感到……的”，形容一个人内心的感受，“感到有决心的”，符合句意，故填determined。
2. His parents were very _________(disappint) at his exam result.
【答案】disappinted
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：他的父母对他的考试成绩非常失望。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词作表语，因为主语为His parents 指人，所以用disappinted表示“感到失望的”。故填disappinted。
3. The Sputnik 1 satellite was I________ (launch) by the USSR in1957and successfully rbited arund Earth.
【答案】launched
【解析】
考查动词。句意：Sputnik1号卫星于1957年由苏联发射，并成功绕地球运行。根据首字母和汉语提示可推出是动词launch“发射”，主语satellite和launch之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be dne，故填launched。
4. There are many artificial satellites ________（rbit）arund the earth.
【答案】rbiting
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：有许多人造卫星绕地球运行。设空处在句中作非谓语，和其逻辑主语satellites之间是逻辑的主动关系。应用现在分词形式作定语。故填rbiting。
5. We are prud t have been the first city t have r ______ (recycle) ur rubbish.
【答案】recycled
【解析】
考查动词。句意：我们为成为第一个回收利用垃圾的城市而感到自豪。recycle：回收利用。它是动词，此处使用recycle的过去分词来构成动词不定式的完成式。故填recycled。
IV. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他在努力训练，希望可以作为正式队员被录用。
He was practicing hard ________ being admitted as a full member f the team.
【答案】in the hpe f
【解析】
考查介词短语。短语“in the hpe f”意为“怀着……的希望”，根据汉语提示可知，空处需要写出“希望”。故填in the hpe f。
2. 达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。
Hpes f reaching an agreement seem t be __________________.
【答案】fading away
【解析】
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“逐渐渺茫”应用动词短语fade away，此处需用动词不定式的进行时。故填fading away。
3. 她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作的意愿。
Her bravery has given him the will t ________ with his life and his wrk.
【答案】carry n
【解析】
考查短语。carry n继续进行，不定式t后接动词原形。故填carry n。
4. 老实说，我有信心我能克服目前的困难。
T be hnest, I ________ ________ ________I can vercme the present difficulty。
【答案】 am cnfident that
【解析】
考查时态和宾语从句。be cnfident that对……有信心 ，that后接宾语从句。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。根据句意，故填am；cnfident；that。
5. 他起床晚了，结果导致今天早上上学迟到了。
He gt up late, which ________ ________ his being late fr schl this mrning.
【答案】 resulted in
【解析】
考查短语。result in导致。根据主句时态可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填resulted in。
6. 她的鼓励使我决心把这项工作继续做下去。
Her encuragement______________________________the wrk.
【答案】determined me t carry n
【解析】
考查固定短语。“使某人决定做某事”使用动词短语determine sb. t d sth.，“继续”使用动词短语carry n，此处使用一般过去时，结合其他汉语提示，故填determined me t carry n。
V. 不定式专练
1. We have made a plan. We can deal with the situatin. (使用不定式将两个句子合成一句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】We have made a plan t deal with the situatin.
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经制定了一个计划。我们可以处理这种情况。根据语境可知，“制定计划的目的是为了处理这种情况”，分析句子结构，整个句子的谓语动词是have made，需要把deal with变成动词不定式，作目的状语。故答案是We have made a plan t deal with the situatin.。
2. The by is ld enugh. He can take care f himself. (使用不定式将两个句子合成一句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The by is ld enugh t take care f himself.
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这男孩够大了。他能照顾好自己。分析句子结构，合并后句子的谓语动词使is，另外一个句子的谓语动词需变成非谓语动词；be+adj.+enugh+t d为固定用法，需用take care f的动词不定式形式。故答案是The by is ld enugh t take care f himself.
3. He hurried t the airprt. He fund his friends had already left. (使用不定式将两个句子合成一句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He hurried t the airprt nly t find his friends had already left.
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆忙赶到机场，却发现他的朋友们已经离开了。此处可用nly t作结果状语，表示“不料竟会……”，强调出乎意料的结果。故改为He hurried t the airprt nly t find his friends had already left.
4. Bungee jumping is exciting enugh. It attracts lts f peple t try. (使用不定式将两个句子合成一句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Bungee jumping is exciting enugh t attract lts f peple t try.
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：蹦极足够刺激，吸引很多人去尝试。此处可改为“be +形容词+enugh+不定式”结构，表示“足以做某事”，不定式作结果状语。故改为Bungee jumping is exciting enugh t attract lts f peple t try.
5. He attempted t cver the facts. He unexpectedly let them ut. (使用不定式将两个句子合成一句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He attempted t cver the facts nly t let them ut.
【解析】
考查不定式。句意：他企图掩盖事实，结果却泄露了出去。这里nly t d是不定式用作结果状语，表示一种意想不到的结果，所以填He attempted t cver the facts nly t let them ut.。
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
A
By 2019, the Peple’s Republic f China (PRC) had funded fr 70 years. Over the past decades, many peple had made great cntributins t the cuntry’s develpment. On Sept 17, Chinese President Xi Jinping signed a presidential decree (主席令) t award（授予） natinal medals and hnrary titles t frty-tw f these cntributrs, including bth Chinese citizens and freigners. Eight peple received the Medal f the Republic, six freigners received the Friendship Medals, and 28 peple received the Natinal Hnrary Titles（国家荣誉称号）. Nw let’s learn abut fur f the persns wh gt the Medal f the Republic(共和国勋章).
1. Accrding t the material, the fur peple mentined all received________.
A. the Nbel PrizeB. the Medal f the Republic
C. the Friendship MedalsD. the Natinal Hnrary Titles
2. Which ne is RIGHT accrding t the article?
A. Fur peple received the Medal f the Republic.
B. Eight peple received the Natinal Hnrary Titles.
C. Tw wmen wh gt the Medal f the Republic were mentined.
D. Frty-tw Chinese cntributrs were awarded natinal medals and hnrary titles.
3. _______ might knw hw t use a gun.
A. Shen JilanB. Sun JiadngC. Zhang FuqingD. Tu Yuyu
4. Accrding t the article we can knw _______ helped Tu Yuyu t find artemisinin.
A. sme friendsB. sme patients
C. western medicineD. traditinal Chinese medicine theries
5. It can be seen frm the material that________.
A. malaria is a kind f illness
B. Sun Jiadng nly designed the Baidu navigatin system
C. Shen Jilan’s 13 ideas were written int China’s cnstitutin
D. Zhang Fuqing was twice awarded the the Natinal Hnrary Titles
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A
【语篇分析】
本文是应用文。文章主要介绍获得过共和国勋章的四个人物。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Nw let’s learn abut fur f the persns wh gt the Medal f the Republic.”(现在，让我们了解一下获得过共和国勋章的四个人物。)可知，文章中提到的四个人物都获得过共和国勋章。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格部分“Shen Jilan”(申纪兰)、“Sun Jiadng”(孙家栋)、“Zhang Fuqing”(张富清)和“Tu Yuyu”(屠呦呦)可知，文中提到的四个人中有2个人是女性。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格部分“Zhang Fuqing was a sldier in the Peple’s Liberatin Army during the Liberatin War.”(张富清是解放战争时期中国人民解放军的一名士兵。)可知，张富清曾经是一名中国人民解放军战士，所以他也许知道如何使用枪支。故选C。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格部分“She gt inspiratin frm traditinal Chinese medicine theries and discvered artemisinin,”(她从传统中医理论中获得灵感，发现了青蒿素)可知，传统中医理论帮助屠呦呦发现了青蒿素。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格部分“She gt inspiratin frm traditinal Chinese medicine theries and discvered artemisinin, a medicine that can be used t treat malaria.”(她从传统中医理论中获得灵感，发现了青蒿素，一种可以用来治疗疟疾的药物。)可知，疟疾是一种疾病。故选A。
B
Reach fr the stars at the Eur Space Center.
Find ut everything yu need t knw abut space —frm the rigins f the universe (宇宙) t the pssible future space explratin. Lighting, sund and special effects help t bring yur space jurney t life. Thrughut yur tur, ur specially-trained guides will answer yur questins and prvide yu with any infrmatin yu require.
Begin yur tur with ur exhibitin abut the planets, and then mve n t the Space Labratry t see sme f the experiments carried ut in space. Visit ur internatinal space statin, where yu can climb int ur full-size space shuttle (太空船) mdel and experience life n bard as an astrnaut.
Yu will knw all abut space by nw and t help yu further, ur Space Center astrnauts will tell yu abut hw yung peple train as astrnauts in ur wn training schl. Finally, yu can watch ur amazing space shws in ur IMAX cinema, which will help yu understand everything yu have learned during yur visit better.
Outside we have an utdr exhibitin including a giant slar system, full-size rcket mdels and utdr games. Dn't wrry if it rains —much f this is under cver.
After that, why nt visit ur restaurant Rest Space fr fd and drink n a space theme? And dn't frget ur Space Shp, ffering yu a huge range f gifts t take hme.
The Eur Space Center is pen every day except Mndays. Opening times are 10 am—5 pm. Fr entrance fees, call ur bking service at 3261-650133. Yu can e-mail us fr up-t-date entry infrmatin at inf@eurspacecenter.be.
6. What can visitrs d in the space shuttle mdel?
A. Enjy an utdr exhibitin.B. Watch amazing space shws.
C. Learn abut space experiments.D. Knw hw astrnauts live in space.
7. Which perid f time can yu visit here?
A. 11 am—6 pm, Sunday.B. 10 am—3 pm, Friday.
C. 9 am—4 pm, Thursday.D. 10 am—3 pm, Mnday.
8. What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A. T shw his lve f space.
B. T share his space shuttle experience.
C. T recmmend a gd place t explre space.
D. T intrduce hw t cnduct a space experiment.
【答案】6. D 7. B 8. C
【语篇分析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了欧洲航天中心以及人们在这个中心可以参与的一系列活动，目的在于吸引更多的人去参观。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Visit ur internatinal space statin, where yu can climb int ur full-size space shuttle mdel and experience life n bard as an astrnaut.”（参观我们的国际空间站，在那里你可以登上我们的全尺寸宇宙飞船模型，体验宇航员在太空中的生活）可知，游客可以在宇宙飞船模型里体验宇航员的太空生活，故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Eur Space Center is pen every day except Mndays. Opening times are 10 am—5 pm.”（欧洲航天中心除周一外每天开放，开放时间为上午10点至下午5点）可知，可以在星期五上午10点至下午3点之间前去参观，故选B。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，介绍了欧洲航天中心以及人们在这个中心可以参与的一系列活动，目的在于吸引更多的人去参观，即：推荐一个探索太空的好地方，故选C。
Ⅶ. 完形填空
Space explratin has always been the prvince f 1 : The human imaginatin readily sars where human ingenuity (创造力) 2 t fllw. A Vyage t the Mn, ften cited as the first science fictin stry, was written by Cyran de Bergerac in 1649. Cyran was dead and buried fr a gd three centuries befre the first manned rckets started t fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America wuld send a man t the mn by the decade’s end, thse wrds, t, had a dreamlike quality. They resnated (共鸣) with 3 and ambitin in much the same way as the mst famus 4 speech f all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. tw years later. By the end f the decade, bth visins had yielded cncrete results and 5 American sciety. And yet in many ways the tw dreams ended up in 6 with each ther. The fight fr racial and ecnmic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge t explre space is just the ppsite .It is figuratively and literally therwrldly(超现实的) in its 7 .
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lst ut. There was n grand fllw-up t the Apll missins. The technlgically cmprmised space shuttle prgram has just cme t an end, with n 8 . The perpetual(不断的) argument is that 9 are tight, that we have mre pressing prblems here n Earth. Amid the current cncerns abut the federal deficit(赤字), reaching tward the stars seems a dispensable luxury-- 10 saving ne-thusandth f a single year’s budget wuld slve ur prblems.
But human ingenuity struggles n. NASA is develping a series f rbtic prbes that will get the mst bang fr a buck. They will serve as mdern Magellans, 11 ut the slar system fr whatever explrers fllw, whether man r machine. On the flip side, cmpanies like Virgin Galactic are pltting a bttm-up attack n the space dream by making it a reality t the public. Private spaceflight culd lie within reach f rich civilians in a few years. Anther decade r tw and it culd g 12 .
The space dreamers end up 13 all f us-- nt just because f the way they expand human knwledge, r because f the spin-ff technlgies they prduce, but because the tw types f dreams feed ff each ther. Bth Martin Luther King and Jhn Kennedy appealed t the idea that humans can g beynd what were nce cnsidered inherent 14 . Tday we face seeming challenges in energy, the envirnment, health care. Tmrrw we will transcend(超越) these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lt f the credit. The mre evidence we cllect that ur species is 15 f greatness, the mre we will actually achieve it.
1. A. dreamersB. explrersC. astrnmersD. nvelists
2. A. expectsB. strugglesC. bservesD. explres
3. A. reputatinB. emtinC. challengeD. ptimism
4. A. libertyB. publicC. dreamD. freedm
5. A. attackedB. industrializedC. transfrmedD. accessed
6. A. cnflictB. lineC. cntraryD. parallel
7. A. aimsB. pacesC. cncernsD. terms
8. A. ancestrB. successrC. frefatherD. advcate
9. A. situatinsB. securitiesC. fundsD. schedules
10. A. even ifB. in caseC. as ifD. s that
11. A. findingB. figuringC. sweepingD. mapping
12. A. mainstreamB. freignC. serviceD. sale
13. A. infrmingB. challengingC. benefitingD. cultivating
14. A. limitatinsB. qualitiesC. technlgyD. knwledge
15. A. ignrantB. capableC. cnsciusD. prud
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B
9. C 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B
【语篇分析】
本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领地:人类的创造力努力追随的地方，人类的想象力随时可以展翅高飞。A. dreamers 梦想家；B. explrers 探险家；C. astrnmers 天文学家；D. nvelists小说家。根据后文“The human imaginatin readily sars where human ingenuity (创造力) 2 t fllw.”可知，太空探索是“梦想家”的领域。且下文的“When the dust settled, the space dreamers lst ut.”也是暗示。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领地:人类的创造力努力追随的地方，人类的想象力随时可以展翅高飞。A. expects 期盼；B. struggles 挣扎，奋斗；C. bserves 遵守，观察；D. explres探索。结合常识和第2空前后“where human ingenuity (创造力) 2 t fllw”可知，此处指“努力”追随。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中充满了乐观和雄心，与两年后马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。A. reputatin名声；B. emtin情感；C. challenge挑战；D. ptimism乐观主义。根据上文的“In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America wuld send a man t the mn by the decade’s end”和第3空前后“They resnated (共鸣) with 3 and ambitin in much the same way”可知，此处指马丁·路德·金和肯尼迪总统一样“乐观”和有雄心。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中充满了乐观和雄心，与两年后马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。A. liberty自由；B. public公众；C. dream梦想；D. freedm自由。根据常识和第4空后的“speech f all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. tw years later.”可知，此处指最著名的“自由”演讲。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到十年结束时，这两种愿景都产生了具体的成果，改变了美国社会。 A. attacked攻击，侵害；B. industrialized使工业化；C. transfrmed转换，转变；D. accessed接近。根据常识和上文的“bth visins had yielded cncrete results”可知，此处指探索太空和自由这两种愿景的实现“改变”了美国社会。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在很多方面，这两个梦最终都以相互冲突而告终。争取种族和经济平等的斗争是非常务实的，其影响是直接的。A. cnflict冲突；B. line路线；C. cntrary相反；D. parallel平行线。根据下文的“The fight fr racial and ecnmic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge t explre space is just the ppsite .”可知，这两个梦想彼此之是“冲突”。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的目的是象征和字面上的超凡脱俗。 A. aims目的；B. paces步调；C. cncerns关心； D. terms地位，关系。根据第7空前一句“The urge t explre space is just the ppsite .”可知，此处指探索的“目的”。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在技术上受到损害的航天飞机项目刚刚结束，没有继任者。A. ancestr 祖先；B. successr继承者；C. frefather前辈；D. advcate拥护者。 根据下文的“Amid the current cncerns abut the federal deficit(赤字), reaching tward the stars seems a dispensable luxury”可知，财政赤字让太空探索成了一个奢侈，由此可知太空探索暂时没有后续计划，即“继承者”。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一直以来的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A. situatins境况；B. securities担保，保证人；C. funds资金，现金；D. schedules 时间表。根据下文的“Amid the current cncerns abut the federal deficit(赤字), reaching tward the stars seems a dispensable luxury-- 10 saving ne-thusandth f a single year’s budget wuld slve ur prblems.”可知，此处谈到了财政赤字，由此推知“资金”紧张。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：在目前对联邦赤字的担忧中，向星星伸出援助之手似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈——似乎节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。A. even if即使；B. in case 万一；C. as if好像；D. s that为了。根据句意可知，此处指人们认为似乎用太空探索预算的千分之一就能解决财政赤字问题，用as if引导的方式状语从句符合语境。故选C。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将充当现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者(无论是人类还是机器)绘制太阳系的地图。A. finding 发现；B. figuring计算；C. sweeping扫除；D. mapping绘制。根据第11空后的“ut the slar system fr whatever explrers fllw.”可知，此处指“绘制”太阳系的地图，以供后来者参考。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再过一、二十年，它可能会成为主流。A. mainstream主流；B. freign外国；C. service服务；D. sale销售。根据上文的“Private spaceflight culd lie within reach f rich civilians in a few years.”可知，此处指私人太空飞行以后会成为“主流”。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家们最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们拓展人类知识的方式，或者是因为他们产生的副产品技术，而是因为这两种梦想相互依存。 A. infrming通知；B. challenging挑战；C. benefiting有利于；D. cultivating培养。根据第13空前后“The space dreamers end up 13 all f us-- nt just because f the way they expand human knwledge,”可知，此处指“有利于”我们所有的人。 故选C。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)和约翰·肯尼迪(Jhn Kennedy)都主张，人类可以超越曾经被认为是固有的局限。 A. limitatins局限性；B. qualities 品质；C. technlgy技术；D. knwledge知识。根据第14空下文“Tday we face seeming challenges in energy, the envirnment, health care. Tmrrw we will transcend(超越) these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lt f the credit.”可知，此处指被人为的固有的“局限”。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们收集的证据越多，我们就越能实现我们的伟大。A. ignrant无知的；B. capable有能力的；C. cnscius意识到的；D. prud自豪的。根据第15空前后“The mre evidence we cllect”可知，此处指“有能力”去实现。固定短语：be capable f“能够，有能力”。故选B。
Ⅷ. 书面表达。
最近，你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。理由：
1. 离我们的日常生活太遥远。
2. 浪费金钱。
70%的同学认为太空值得探索。理由：
1. 已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报。
2. 有望解决人口问题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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【参考范文】
Recently ur class had a heated discussin n whether space is wrth explring. Students hld different ideas abut it.
30% f us think space explratin is nt wrthwhile, hlding the belief that space explratin is t far away frm ur daily life and is a waste f mney.
Hwever, 70% think space is wrth explring because we have benefited a lt frm it, such as using satellites fr cmmunicatin and weather frecast. What’s mre, with further space research, we may slve the ppulatin prblem by mving t ther planets ne day.
As far as I am cncerned, it is wrthwhile t explre the space. Nt nly can it prmte the develpment f sciety but als enrich ur life.
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生用英语写一篇短文介绍你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开的一场讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。
【详解】
1. 词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
观点：idea→pinin
然而：hwever→nevertheless
另外：what’s mre→in additin
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：What’s mre, with further space research, we may slve the ppulatin prblem by mving t ther planets ne day.
拓展句：What’s mre, if we carry ut further space research, we may slve the ppulatin prblem by mving t ther planets ne day.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Recently ur class had a heated discussin n whether space is wrth explring. (运用了whether引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] 30% f us think space explratin is nt wrthwhile, hlding the belief that space explratin is t far away frm ur daily life and is a waste f mney. (运用了that引导的同位语从句)
Shen Jilan is a lifelng lawmaker. In 1954, she became a deputy(代表) t the Natinal Peple’s Cngress. Since then, she has served at all 13 NPCs. She came up with the idea f equal pay fr equal wrk between men and wmen. The idea was written int China’s first cnstitutin (宪法) in 1954.
Sun Jiadng made great cntributins tward develping Chinese satellite technlgy and space explratin. He was the chief designer f bth the Baidu navigatin (导航) system and China’s lunar explratin prject.
Zhang Fuqing was a sldier in the Peple’s Liberatin Army during the Liberatin War. He was twice awarded the title f Cmbat Her. In 1955, he vlunteered t wrk in a remte (偏远的) cunty in Hubei prvince and has been helping pr peple there ever since.
Tu Yuyu, a scientist, is knwn fr winning the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 2015. She gt inspiratin frm traditinal Chinese medicine theries and discvered artemisinin, a medicine that can be used t treat malaria. Her finding has saved the lives f millins.